HISTORY OF COMPUTER

Computer:

 programmable machine
 machine that manipulates data
 device aids human in performing computations or calculations

Three principles characteristic of computer:

1. responds to specific set of instructions

2. execute a pre-recorded list of instructions.
3. quickly store and retrieve large data

Earliest Computer

 Calculations were computed by human, called “computer”

 They compute mathematical equation
 Require years of training in mathematics
 1613- first use of word “computer”

Tally sticks- ancient memory aid device

Abacus

 mechanical device for mathematical computations

 invented in Babylonia, 2400 B.C.
 first used in China in around 500 B.C.
 perform basic arithmetic operations.

Napier’s Bones

 Invented by John Napier, 1614.

 It can multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots

Slide Rule

 Invented by William Oughtred, 1622.

 based on Napier's ideas: logarithms
 primarily for:

– multiplication
– divisions
– roots
– logarithms
– Trigonometry

 Not normally used for addition or subtraction.

Pascaline

 Invented by Blaise Pascal, 1642.

 Limited to addition and subtraction.
 Expensive

Stepped Reckoner

 Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1672.

 can add, subtract, multiply and divide automatically.

Jacquard Loom

 mechanical loom, invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard, 1881.

 automatic loom controlled by punched cards.

Arithmometer

 invented by Thomas de Colmar, 1820

 first successful calculating machine
 perform four basic mathematics functions
 first mass produced calculating machine

Difference Engine and Analytical Engine

 Invented by Charles Babbage, 1822 and 1834

 calculator design for polynomial function
 first mechanical computer

First Computer Programmer

 Augusta Ada Byron: suggest to used the binary system, 1840

 She writes Analytical Engine

Scheutzioan Calculation Engine

 Invented by Per Georg Scheutz, 1843.

 First printing calculator

Tabulating Mcahine

 Invented by Herman Hollerith, 1890.

 Summarizing information and accounting.

Havard Mark 1

 Invented by Howard H. Aiken, 1943

 AKA IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculaton (ASCC).
 First electro mechanical computer