EEE F435 (2021-22-I)

Digital Image Processing

(Introduction)
BITS Pilani Ashish Chittora
K K Birla Goa Campus
 Contents
• What is a digital image?
• Digital image processing (DIP)
• Important stages/steps of DIP
• Applications of DIP and related fields
 What is digital image?
A digital image is a representation of a two-
dimensional image as a finite set of digital
values, called picture elements or pixels.
 What is digital image?
• Pixels of a 2D image are typically associated
with its location (or position), intensity (gray
or colour), opacities etc.
• Other than light, Digital images can be
generated by other illumination or energy
emission sources also (e.g. X-rays, MRI, gas
and particle emission, microwaves, infrared
etc.)
• In most of the course gray images will be used.
Image Acquisition
Image Acquisition
Image Acquisition
Image Representation
Monochrome or Gray Image
 Quantization

variation in the number of gray levels used:

(a) 32; (b) 16;
(c) 8; (d) 4.
 Sampling

variation in the number of pixels used:

(a) 256 × 256; (b) 128 × 128;(c) 64 × 64;
(d) 32 × 32.
 Image Representation Formats
Common image formats include:
–1 sample per point (B&W or Grayscale)
–3 samples per point (Red, Green, and Blue)
–4 samples per point (Red, Green, Blue, and “Alpha”, i.e.
Opacity)
 Color images
• Colors in image can be used to represent segments,
depth/height, temperature, density etc.
• RGB color space: R+G=Y, G+B = C, R+B=M.
• Grays lie along the cube diagonal, with equal
proportions of R, G and B.
• Cyan, Yellow, and
Magenta are subtractive
primaries used in printing,
which if subtracted from white
leave R, G and B respectively.
RGB or True-color format
 Other color formats
• HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value)
• CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow)
X-ray, MRI, CAT-scan, PET-scan, Ultrasound scan etc.
Artistic Effects
Also used in Gaming, Tele-medicine, Household
appliances and robots
Range imaging

Ground penetrating RADAR images

 Detection
and Tracking
Activity / Gait Recognition
 Research Journals, Conferences and
Competitions
• Journals
• IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
• IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
• Conferences
• European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)
• International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)
• Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
(CVPR)
• International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)
Thank you

Queries?