CS-419:

Applied Image
Processing
Dr. Muhammad Hanif
Introduction
• Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Hanif
• PhD (Comp. Engg)
• Australian National University, Canberra
• Post Doc (Image Processing)
• Italian National Research Council
• Office: G-12 FCSE Building
• Course Assistant:
• Muhammad Haseeb
Graduate Student at FCSE
• Office: G-36
Timing
• Lectures:
• Monday : 10:30 to 11:45
• Wednesday: 10:30 to 11:45
• Office hours:
• Tuesday: 11:00 to 14:00
• Thursday: 10:00 to 11:00
 Applied Image Processing
• Course Aim:
“A picture worth thousand words”.
• Why Take This Course:
• Images everywhere!!
• Rich source of Data
• Learn to perform operations on an
image data
Course Objective
• Basic theory and algorithms widely used in digital image processing
• Expose students to current technologies and issues that are specific
to image processing systems
• Develop hands-on experience in using computers and other tools to
process images.
• Develop critical thinking about shortcomings of the state-of-the-art
in applied image processing.
Assessment
Assessment Item Weightage

Quizzes 10%
Assignments 10%
Projects 10% + Bonus
Mid Term 30%
Final Term 40%
Course Material
• Text Book
• Digital Image Processing (3rd Edition) by Gonzalez
• Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB by Gonzalez
• Recommended Books
• "Image Processing: The Fundamentals” by Maria Petrou,Costas Petrou
• "Principles of digital image processing" by Burge and Burger
• Useful Links
• Fundamental of Image and Video Processing:
https://www.coursera.org/learn/digital
• Image and Video Processing: https://www.coursera.org/learn/image-processing
Image Processing
• What is Image Processing?
• Image processing is a subclass of Signal Processing, dealing with
images.
• Basically includes the following three steps:
I. Importing the image via image acquisition tools;
II. Analyzing and manipulating image contents;
III. Output in which result can be altered image or report that is based on
image analysis.
Basics: Signal
• A function containing information about the behavior or nature of
some phenomenon of interest.
• A function that conveys information about a phenomenon
• In the physical world, any quantity exhibiting variation in time and/or
space is potentially a signal.
Basics: Analog Vs Digital
• Analog signal uses a continuous range of values that help you to
represent information.
• Digital signal uses discrete 0 and 1 to represent information.
Analog vs Digital
Images and videos
• 1D: tones, speech, audio, biomedical, remote sensing, etc
• 2D: greyscale, color, multispectral, hyperspectral images, etc
• 3D: video, 3D volume, etc
• MD: video of a volume, etc
1D Signal
2D Images
Color Images
3D: Videos
• Image Frames
 Course Topics
• This course covers a wide array of topics, including
• Image Acquisition,
• Image Observation Model,
• Linear image filtering and correlation,
• Image Transformation,
• Feature extraction and recognition tasks,
• Image Segmentation,
• Image Registration.
• Object Tracking
• Emphasis is on the image processing applications.
• Students learn to apply material by implementing and investigating image
processing algorithms in MATLAB
Basics: Image
• Digital Image
• A two-dimensional function:

x and y are spatial coordinates

• The amplitude of f is called intensity or gray level at the point (x, y)

• Pixel

• The basic elements of a digital image

• A digital image is composed of a finite number of elements at discrete
points.
Image
Imaging
• The imaging process is a mapping of an object to an image plane.
• Each point on the image corresponds to a point on the object.
• An illuminated object will scatter light toward a lens and the lens
collect and focus the light to create the image.
Imaging System
Imaging
• An object may be illuminated by the light from an emitting source
such as the sun, a light bulb or a Light Emitting Diode.
• The light incident on the object is reflected in a manner dependent on
the surface properties of the object.
Image
• An image refers to a 2D light intensity function f(x,y), where (x,y)
denote spatial coordinates and the value of f at any point (x,y) is
proportional to the brightness or gray levels of the image at that
point.

• A digital image is an image f(x,y) that has been discretized both in

spatial coordinates and brightness.
•
• The elements of such a digital array are called image elements or
pixels
Image
Image: Examples
Digital Image
Image Formats
Image Processing
Example
Example
Contrast Adjustment
Example
• Edge Detection:
Example
• Region Detection / Segmentation:
Example
• Image Compression:
Example
• Image Inpainting:
Example
• Security:
Example
Relationship
Key Stages in DIP
Key Stages in DIP
 Key Stages in DIP

Result is more
suitable than
the original
Key Stages in DIP
Improving the
appearance
Key Stages in DIP Extracting image
components
Key Stages in DIP

Partition an image
into its constituent
parts or objects
Key Stages in DIP

Represent image for

computer processing
Key Stages in DIP
Key Stages in DIP
Key Stages in DIP
Reflected light
Brightness and Adaptation Discrimination
Brightness adaptation and discrimination
Image Acquisition
Spatial Sampling
Spatial Sampling
Image Quantization
Sampling and Quantization
Spatial Resolution
Spatial Resolution
Intensity level Resolution
Intensity Level Resolution
Saturation and Noise
Resolution: How much is better?
Resolution
Intensity Level Resolution
Image File Formats