Grade 10

'S
Mathematics Chapter Notes
JU
BY
 POST CLASS NOTES

'S
Triangles
JU
BY

35
 Topics

'S
JU
BY

36
 Similar Triangles
A
P

B C Q

'S
JU
BY

∠A = ∠P k
∠B = ∠Q
∠C = ∠R

AB BC CA
= = =k
PQ QR RP

37
 Criteria for Similarity
of Triangles
P
A

14 10
AB BC CA 7 5
= =
PQ QR RP
B C Q R
6 12

P
'S X
JU
70°
70°
BY

60° 50° 60°

50° R Y Z
Q

P
A
15
10
AB BC 2
= = 60° 60°
PQ QR 3 B C Q R
8 12
∠B = ∠Q
38
 Ratio of Areas of
Similar Triangles
A

Q
B
'S
C R
JU
2 2 2
Area(∆ABC) AB BC CA
= = =
BY

Area(∆PQR) PQ QR RP

∆ABC~ ∆ADC ~ ∆ADB AA D

A C

39
 Basic Proportionality Theorem

1 N M
Area of ∆APQ = × AP × QN
2
1
Area of ∆PBQ = × PB × QN P Q
2
1
Area of ∆APQ = × AQ × PM
2
1
Area of ∆QCP = × QC × PM
2 'S
B C
JU
1
× AP × QN
Area of ∆ APQ 2 AP
= = …………(1)
Area of ∆ PBQ 1 PB
BY

× PB × QN
2
1
× AQ × PM
Area of ∆ APQ 2 AQ
= = ………(2)
Area of ∆ QCP 1 QC
× QC × PM
2

∴ ∆PBQ = ∆QCP …………(3)

(1), (2) (3)

AP AQ
=
PB QC

40
 Converse of Basic
Proportionality Theorem

A
AD AE
= , DE || BC.
DB EC E′
D E
DE

AD
DB
=
AE
EC
……(1) 'S B
C
JU
DE BC DE’ BC
BY

AD AE’
= ……(2)
DB E’C
1 2
AE AE′
=
EC E′C

AE AE′ AE+EC AE′+E′C

+1= +1 =
EC E′C EC E′C

AC AC
= , EC = E’C
EC E′C

E E’
DE’ || BC
∴ DE || BC.
41
 Properties of
Right-Angled Triangles

B
D
△ADB ~ △ABC
AD AB
=
∴
AB AC
(
) 'S A C
JU
AB2 = AD × AC …………(1)

, △ADC ~△ABC
BY

CD BC
∴ =
BC AC
BC2= CD × AC …………(2)

(1) + (2)

AB2 + BC2 = AD × AC + CD × AC
AB2 + BC2 = AC (AD + CD)
AD + CD = AC

∴ AC2 = AB2 + BC2

42
 △EGF, B
AC = EG BC = FG.
c
a
△EGF,
'S
EF2 = EG2 + FG2 = b2 + a2 ……(1)
JU
C b A

△ABC,
BY

AB2 = AC2 + BC2 = b2 + a2 ……(2)

(1) (2) F
EF2 = AB2
c
a
EF = AB
⇒ △ ACB ≅ △EGF SSS
G b E
⇒ ∠C
∴ △ABC

43
 Important Theorems and Formulae

P
A

SSS
B C Q R
P X

AAA/AA
Q R Y Z
P
A

SAS
'S
JU
B C Q R
BY

a c

a2 + b2 = c 2
b

P Q

AP AQ
PQ || BC, =
PB QC
B C
44
 Mind Map

'S
JU
BY

45