Non-Textual Questions

1. In DABC, PQ is a line segment intersecting AB at P and AC at Q such that

seg PQ || seg BC. If PQ divides DABC into two equal parts having equal areas,
BP (March 2020)
find A
AB

Sol: A(DAPQ) = A(trapezium PQCB) … (given) … (1)

Now,
P Q
A(DABC) = A(DAPQ) + A(trapezium PQCB)

= A(DAPQ) + A(DAPQ) … from (1)

B C
∴ A(DABC) = 2A(DAPQ) … (2)

In DAPQ and DABC,

∠APQ ≅ ∠ABC … (corresponding angles theorem)

∠A ≅ ∠A … (common angle)

∴ DAPQ ~ DABC … (AA test of Similarity)

1. In DABC, PQ is a line segment intersecting AB at P and AC at Q such that
seg PQ || seg BC. If PQ divides DABC into two equal parts having equal areas,
BP (March 2020)
find A
AB

Sol: By Theorem of Areas of Similar Triangles,

A(DAPQ) AP2
=
A(DABC) AB2 P Q

A(DAPQ) AP2 … from (2)

∴ =
2A(DAPQ) AB2
B C
1 AP2
∴ =
2 AB2
1 AP
∴ = … (taking square roots)
𝟐 AB

1 AB - BP
∴ =
𝟐 AB
1. In DABC, PQ is a line segment intersecting AB at P and AC at Q such that
seg PQ || seg BC. If PQ divides DABC into two equal parts having equal areas,
BP (March 2020)
find A
AB
1 AB - BP
Sol: ∴ =
𝟐 AB

1 AB BP P Q
∴ = -
𝟐 AB AB

1 BP
∴ = 1 -
𝟐 AB B C

BP 1
∴ = 1 -
AB 𝟐

BP 𝟐 - 1
∴ =
AB 𝟐
2. In the figure given above oABCD is a square of side 50m. Points P, Q, R, S
are midpoints of side AB, side BC, side CD, side AD respectively. Find area
of shaded region. (March 2020)
A 25m S 25m D
Sol: Area of oABCD = Side2
= 502 = 2500 sq. m. 25m 25m

Now, P R
A(A-SP) = A(B-PQ) = A(C-QR) = A(D-RS)
25m 25m
∴ Area of all 4 sectors = 4 [A(A-SP)]
B 25m Q 25m C
= 4 x
θ x π r2
360o

= 4 x
90 x 22 x 252
360 7

= 1964.28 sq. m
2. In the figure given above oABCD is a square of side 50m. Points P, Q, R, S
are midpoints of side AB, side BC, side CD, side AD respectively. Find area
of shaded region. (March 2020)
A 25m S 25m D
Sol: Area of shaded region = Area of oABCD -
Area of all 4 sectors 25m 25m

= 2500 – 1964.28 P R

= 535.72 sq.m 25m

25m

∴ Area of shaded region is 535.72 sq.m B C

25m Q 25m
3. If sin𝛉 + sin2𝛉 = 1
Show that: cos2𝛉 + cos4𝛉 = 1 (March 2020)

Proof: sin𝛉 + sin2𝛉 = 1 … (given)

∴ sin𝛉 = 1 - sin2𝛉

∴ sin𝛉 = cos2𝛉 … (∵ 1 – sin2 𝛉 = cos2 𝛉) … (1)

L.H.S.= cos2𝛉 + cos4𝛉

= cos2𝛉 + (cos2𝛉)2

= sin𝛉 + (sin𝛉)2 … from (1)

= sin𝛉 + sin2𝛉

= 1 … (given)

= R.H.S.

∴ cos2𝛉 + cos4𝛉 = 1
4. Circles with centres A, B and C touch each other externally. If AB = 3 cm,
BC = 3 cm, CA = 4 cm, then find the radii of each circle. (March 2020)
Sol: Let AM = AO = x, BM = BN = y, CN = CO = z
A
Now, x
x
AM + MB = AB … (Theorem of Touching circles) O
M z
∴ x + y = 3 … (1) y C
y N z
BN + NC = BC … (Theorem of Touching circles) B
∴ y + z = 3 … (2)

AO + OC = AC … (Theorem of Touching circles)

∴ x + z = 4 … (3)
Subtracting (2) from (1),
(x + y) - (y + z) = 3 - 3
4. Circles with centres A, B and C touch each other externally. If AB = 3 cm,
BC = 3 cm, CA = 4 cm, then find the radii of each circle. (March 2020)
Sol: (x + y) - (y + z) = 3 - 3
A
∴ x + y - y - z = 0
x
x
∴ x - z = 0 … (4) O
M z
Adding (3) and (4), y C
∴ 2x = 4 y N z
B
∴ x = 2

Substituting x = 2 in (4),
∴ z = 2

Substituting z = 2 in (2),
∴ y = 1
∴ The radii of circles are 2 cm, 2cm and 1 cm respectively
5. In DABC, ∠BAC = 90o, seg AP ⊥ side BC, B-P-C. Point D is the midpoint of
side BC, then prove that 2AD2 = BD2 + CD2. (July 2020) A
Sol: In DABC, A = 90o
∴ AB2 + AC2 = BC2 … (Pythagoras Theorem) … (1)

Point D is the midpoint of side BC … (given)

∴ AD is the median

∴ AB2 + AC2 = 2AD2 + 2BD2

… (Apollonius Theorem) B P D C

∴ BC2 = 2AD2 + 2BD2 … from (1)

∴ 2AD2 = BC2 - 2BD2

∴ 2AD2 = (BD + CD)2 - 2BD2

∴ 2AD2 = BD2 + 2(BD)(CD) + CD2 - 2BD2

5. In DABC, ∠BAC = 90o, seg AP ⊥ side BC, B-P-C. Point D is the midpoint of
side BC, then prove that 2AD2 = BD2 + CD2. (July 2020) A
Sol: ∴ 2AD2 = BD2 + 2(BD)(CD) + CD2 - 2BD2

∴ 2AD2 = BD2 + 2(BD)(BD) + CD2 - 2BD2

… (∵ BD = CD)

∴ 2AD2 = BD2 + 2BD2 + CD2 - 2BD2

∴ 2AD2 = BD2 + CD2

B P D C
6. In the above figure, chord AB ≅ chord AD. Chord AC and chord BD intersect
each other at point E. Then prove that: (July 2020) A
AB = AE x AC
2

Proof: In DABD,
seg AB ≅ seg AD … (given)
B D
∴ ∠ABD ≅ ∠ADB … (isosceles triangle theorem) E

i.e. ∠ABE ≅ ∠ADB … (1)

Construct seg BC C
∴ ∠BCA ≅ ∠ADB … (angle inscribed in the same arc AB) … (2)

from (1) from (2),

∴ ∠ABE ≅ ∠BCA … (3)

In DAEB and DABC

∠ A ≅ ∠A … (common angle)
6. In the above figure, chord AB ≅ chord AD. Chord AC and chord BD intersect
each other at point E. Then prove that: (July 2020) A
AB = AE x AC
2

Proof: ∠ABE ≅ ∠BCA … from (3)

∴ DAEB ~ DABC … (AA test of Similarity)

B D
E
AB AE
∴ = … (c.s.s.t.)
AC AB

∴ AB2 = AE x AC C
7. A straight road leads to the foot of the tower of height 48m. From the top of
the tower the angles of depression of two cars standing on the road are 30o
and 60o respectively. Find the distance between the two cars. ( 𝟑= 1.73) (July 2020)
E
Sol: BC is the height of the tower C
60 o
30o
∴ BC = 48m
A and D are the positions of the cars
Angle of depression of car A = 60o and 48m
angle of depression of car D = 30o
∴ ECA = CAB = 60o 60o 30o
… (Alternate Angles Theorem) A ? D
B
ECD = CDB = 30o
In DCBA,

tan𝛉 = BC
AB

∴ tan 60o = 48
AB
7. A straight road leads to the foot of the tower of height 48m. From the top of
the tower the angles of depression of two cars standing on the road are 30o
and 60o respectively. Find the distance between the two cars. ( 𝟑= 1.73) (July 2020)
48 E
Sol: ∴ 𝟑 = C
AB 60o 30o
∴ AB = 48
𝟑
48m
∴ AB = 48 x 𝟑
𝟑 𝟑
60o 30o
∴ AB =
48 𝟑
B 16 𝟑 A ? D
3
∴ AB = 16 𝟑 cm

In DCBD,

tan𝛉 = BC
BD
7. A straight road leads to the foot of the tower of height 48m. From the top of
the tower the angles of depression of two cars standing on the road are 30o
and 60o respectively. Find the distance between the two cars. ( 𝟑= 1.73) (July 2020)
E
Sol: ∴ tan 30o = 48 C
BD 60o 30o

∴ 1 = 48
𝟑 AB + AD 48m

∴ 1 = 48
𝟑 16 𝟑 + AD 60o 30o
B 16 𝟑 A ? D
∴ 16 𝟑 + AD = 48 𝟑

∴ AD = 48 𝟑 - 16 𝟑

∴ AD = 32 𝟑 = 32 x 1.73 = 55.36

∴ The distance between the two cars is 55.36 m

8. Let M be a point of contact of two internally touching circles. Let line AMB
be their common tangent. The chord CD of the bigger circle touches the
smaller circle at point N. The chord CM and chord DM of bigger circle
intersect the smaller circle at point P and R respectively.
a. From the above information draw the suitable figure. (July 2020)
Sol: A

P
C

N
R

D
 b. Draw seg NR and seg NM and write the two pairs of congruent
angles in smaller circle considering tangent and chord.
Sol:
A
∠RND ≅ ∠NMR
… (Theorem of Angle between
M ∠MNC ≅ ∠MRN Tangent and Secant)

P
C

N
R

D
 c. By using the property which is used in (b) write the two pairs of
congruent angles in the bigger circle.
Sol:
A
∠BMD ≅ ∠MCD
… (Theorem of Angle between
M ∠AMC ≅ ∠MDC Tangent and Secant)

P
C

N
R

D
9. In DPQR, seg XY || side QR, point M and point N are mid-points of seg PY
and seg PR respectively, then prove that: (Sep 2021)
P
a. DPXM ~ DPQN
M
b. seg XM || seg QN
X Y
Proof: seg XY || seg QR … (given) N
PY
∴ PX = … (Basic Proportionality
XQ YR Theorem)
XQ YR … (Invertendo)
∴ =
PX PY Q R
Adding 1 on both the sides,
XQ YR
+ 1 = + 1
PX PY

XQ + PX YR + PY
∴ =
PX PY
9. In DPQR, seg XY || side QR, point M and point N are mid-points of seg PY
and seg PR respectively, then prove that: (Sep 2021)
P
a. DPXM ~ DPQN
M
b. seg XM || seg QN
X Y
XQ + PX YR + PY
Proof: ∴ = N
PX PY
PQ PR … (P-X-Q and P-Y-R)
∴ =
PX PY

PX PY … (Invertendo) R
∴ = Q
PQ PR
PX 2PM
∴ =
PQ 2PN

PX PM … (1)
∴ =
PQ PN
9. In DPQR, seg XY || side QR, point M and point N are mid-points of seg PY
and seg PR respectively, then prove that: (Sep 2021)
P
a. DPXM ~ DPQN
M
b. seg XM || seg QN
X Y
Proof: In DPXM and DPQN, N

∠P ≅ ∠P … (common angle)

PX PM … from (1)
=
PQ PN
Q R
∴ DPXM ~ DPQN … (SAS test of Similarity)

∴ ∠PXM ≅ ∠PQN … (c.a.s.t)

∴ seg XM || seg QN … (corresponding angles test)

10. If point P divides the seg AB joining the points A(2,1) and B(-3,6) in the
ratio 2:3, then determine whether the point P lies on the line x – 5y + 15 = 0
or not. (Sep 2021)
Sol: Let A(2,1) ≡ (x1,y1), B(-3,6) ≡ (x2,y2)
P(x,y) divides the segment joining A and B in the ratio 2:3
∴ m:n = 2:3

By Section Formula,
m x2 + n x1 y m y2 + n y1
x = =
m + n m + n

2 (-3) + 3 (2) 2 (6) + 3 (1)

= =
2 + 3 2 + 3

-6 + 6 12 + 3
= =
5 5

= 0 15 = 3
=
5
10. If point P divides the seg AB joining the points A(2,1) and B(-3,6) in the
ratio 2:3, then determine whether the point P lies on the line x – 5y + 15 = 0
or not. (Sep 2021)
Sol: ∴ The coordinates of point P are (0,3)
Now,
L.H.S.= x – 5y + 15

= 0 – 5(3) + 15

= 0 = R.H.S.

∴ Point P(0,3) satisfies the given equation

∴ Point P lies on the line x – 5y + 15 = 0

11. oABCD is a parallelogram. Point P is the midpoint of side CD. Seg BP
intersects diagonal AC at point X, then prove that: (Mar 2022)
3AX = 2AC
Sol: oABCD is a parallelogram A D

∴ AB = DC … (1)
1
PC = DC … (given)
2 P
1
∴ PC = AB … (from 1) X
2
AB … (2) B C
∴ = 2
PC

In DAXB and DCXP,

∠AXB ≅ ∠CXP … (Vertically opposite angles)
∠XAB ≅ ∠XCP … (Alternate angles theorem)
∴ DAXB ~ DCXP … (AA test of Similarity)
11. oABCD is a parallelogram. Point P is the midpoint of side CD. Seg BP
intersects diagonal AC at point X, then prove that: (Mar 2022)
3AX = 2AC
AX AB … (c.s.s.t)
A D
Sol: ∴ =
XC PC

AX
∴ = 2 … (from 2)
XC P

∴ AX = 2 XC X

∴ AX = 2 (AC – AX)
B C
∴ AX = 2AC - 2AX

∴ 3AX = 2AC
12. If a and b are natural numbers and a > b. If (a2 + b2), (a2 – b2) and 2ab are
the sides of the triangle, then prove that the triangle is right angled.
Find out two Pythagorean triplets by taking suitable values of a and b. (Mar 2022)
Proof: (a2 + b2), (a2 – b2) and 2ab are the sides of the triangle

(a2 + b2)2 = (a2)2 + 2 a2 b2 + (b2)2

= a4 + 2 a2 b2 + b4 … (1)

(a2 - b2)2 + (2ab)2 = (a2)2 - 2 a2 b2 + (b2)2 + 4a2b2

= a4 + 2 a2 b2 + b4 … (2)

∴ (a2 + b2)2 = (a2 - b2)2 + (2ab)2

∴ The triangle formed is a right angled triangle

… (Converse of Pythagoras theorem)

12. If a and b are natural numbers and a > b. If (a2 + b2), (a2 – b2) and 2ab are
the sides of the triangle, then prove that the triangle is right angled.
Find out two Pythagorean triplets by taking suitable values of a and b. (Mar 2022)
Proof: If a = 2 and b = 1,
(a2 + b2) = (22 + 12) = (4 + 1) = 5
(a2 - b2) = (22 - 12) = (4 - 1) = 3
2ab = 2(2)(1) = 4

If a = 3 and b = 2,
(a2 + b2) = (32 + 22) = (9 + 4) = 13
(a2 - b2) = (32 - 22) = (9 - 4) = 5
2ab = 2(3)(2) = 12

∴ The Pythagorean triplets are (3,4 and 5) &

(5,12 and 13)