Book

Corrosion Prevention by Protective Coatings (Munger) (1)

Topic
Corrosion-Resistant Organic Coatings
From page 89 to 126
1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of corrosion-resistant organic coatings?
a. Protection against marine atmospheres
b. Prevention of contamination of liquids
c. Resistance to physical wear and tear
d. Application as linings or coatings

2. What distinguishes maintenance coatings from industrial product finishes?

a. Maintenance coatings are applied under controlled conditions.
b. Industrial product finishes are applied in the field.
c. Maintenance coatings are subject to field application difficulties.
d. Industrial product finishes are primarily used for marine structures.

3. Which type of coating is typically applied under controlled conditions during

manufacture?
a. Maintenance coatings
b. In-plant coatings
c. Industrial product finishes
d. Field-applied coatings

4. What is the significance of epoxy coatings in protective coatings?

a. They provide resistance to physical wear.
b. They are primarily used in marine applications.
c. They can be further classified into epoxy amine and epoxy polyamide
coatings.
d. They are not suitable for field application.

5. Which of the following is true about natural air-oxidizing coatings?

a. They are commonly used for metal structures.
b. They provide high resistance to marine atmospheres.
c. Tung oil phenolic varnish is an example of this type of coating.
d. They are synthetic resin-based materials.

6. What is the chemical composition of natural oils used in coatings?

a. Triglycerides
b. Epoxy esters
c. Phenolic resins
d. Vinyl polymers
7. What is the primary advantage of Tung oil phenolic varnish in coatings?
a. Fast drying
b. Low cost
c. High flexibility
d. Resistance to high temperatures

8. Which scenario demonstrates the effectiveness of Tung oil phenolic varnish as a

corrosion-resistant coating?
a. Application on metal structures exposed to harsh chemicals
b. Application on floats in a marine environment
c. Use on industrial machinery subject to high temperatures
d. Application on wood structures in a dry climate

9. How are natural oils combined to form coatings?

a. Through chemical reactions with metals
b. Through ester linkages
c. By mixing with water-based solvents
d. By exposure to UV light

10. Which of the following materials can be used to form drying oil varnishes?
a. Synthetic resins
b. Tung oil
c. Phenolic varnish
d. Vinyl esters

11. Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes between fats and oils?
a. Fats contain unsaturated fatty acids, while oils contain saturated fatty acids.
b. Fats are solid at room temperature due to the presence of saturated fatty
acids, while oils are liquid because of unsaturated fatty acids.
c. Fats contain glycerol and linolenic acid, while oils contain lard.
d. Fats are formed by combining glycerine and fatty acids, while oils are formed
by combining triglycerides and linolenic acid.

12. What is the chemical formula for linolenic acid?

a. H-C-O-H
b. H-C-O-C-FA
c. H-O-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C=C-C-H
d. H-C-O-C-FA + 3H2O
13. What is the main purpose of metallic driers in oil-type paints?
a. To slow down the drying process.
b. To increase the viscosity of the paint.
c. To catalyze the action of oxygen with the drying oil.
d. To remove excess moisture from the paint.

14. What is the primary advantage of oil-based coatings mentioned in the text?
a. High corrosion resistance.
b. Resistance to alkali buildup.
c. Ease of application.
d. Longevity without cracking or chipping.

15. Which of the following is NOT listed as a disadvantage of oil-based coatings?

a. High moisture vapor transfer rate.
b. Lack of alkali resistance.
c. Brittle nature with aging.
d. High flexibility, even after long aging.

16. What is the primary chemical basis of oil-modified resins used in the paint industry?
a. Saturated fatty acids
b. Aromatic hydrocarbons
c. Unsaturated fatty acids
d. Glycols

17. Which of the following oils is NOT mentioned as being used in the paint industry?
a. Safflower oil
b. Olive oil
c. Castor oil
d. Fish oil

18. What is the name of the reaction involved in the formation of alkyd-type resins?
a. Esterification
b. Polymerization
c. Oxidation
d. Hydrolysis
19. What component is typically added to phthalic anhydride and glycerine to form an
air-drying alkyd resin?
a. Fatty acid
b. Aromatic compound
c. Alcohol
d. Epoxy resin

20. What term is used to describe alkyd resins modified with triglyceride oil or fatty
acids?
a. Polyester resins
b. Epoxy resins
c. Urethane resins
d. Modified alkyds

21. What does the term "alkyd" stand for?

a. Alkyl-diene
b. Alcohol-acid
c. Aldehyde-acid
d. Alcohol-hydride

22. Which property primarily determines the classification of alkyds?

a. Solubility
b. Hardness
c. Oil length
d. Viscosity

23. Which type of alkyd is generally more corrosion-resistant due to higher polyester
resin content?
a. Short oil alkyds
b. Medium oil alkyds
c. Long oil alkyds
d. Very long oil alkyds

24. What is the typical application of short oil alkyds?

a. Exterior equipment enamels
b. Baking finishes
c. Marine coatings
d. Chemical conversion coatings
25. What trend is observed in marine coatings according to the passage?
a. Increased usage of alkyd coatings
b. Reduced usage of chemical conversion coatings
c. Growing preference for longer oil alkyds
d. Shift towards more corrosion-resistant coatings

26. Which of the following is NOT a primary use of long oil alkyds?
a. Coatings for exterior wood structures
b. Coatings for exterior trim enamels
c. Industrial corrosion-resistant coatings
d. Architectural paints for interior walls

27. Which resinous material is NOT listed as a modifier for alkyd resins?
a. Nitrocellulose
b. Silicone
c. Polyethylene
d. Urea-formaldehyde resins

28. What is the primary advantage of using vinyl-modified alkyds?

a. Decreased drying time
b. Improved adhesion
c. Higher VOC content
d. Reduced weather durability

29. Which branch of the military extensively uses vinyl alkyds for its ships?
a. Army
b. Air Force
c. Navy
d. Marine Corps

30. What is a notable characteristic of silicone alkyds compared to standard air-drying

alkyds?
a. Lower gloss retention
b. Reduced weather resistance
c. Greater durability
d. Decreased heat resistance
31. Which material is commonly reacted with toluene diisocyanate to produce uralkyds?
a. Melamine-formaldehyde resins
b. Phenolic resins
c. Alkyd resins
d. Isocyanates

32. What is the primary motivation behind the development of high-solids alkyds?
a. Increased gloss retention
b. Reduced VOC emissions
c. Faster drying time
d. Enhanced adhesion properties

33. Which type of alkyd contains water-miscible co-solvents, limiting its use as a
corrosion-resistant material?
a. High-solids alkyds
b. Waterborne alkyds
c. Silicone alkyds
d. Uralkyds

34. Which modifier is used to introduce thixotropy into alkyd coatings?

a. Polyamide resins
b. Silicone resins
c. Nitrocellulose
d. Epoxy esters

35. What type of reaction occurs to form epoxy esters?

a. Hydrolysis
b. Polymerization
c. Esterification
d. Condensation

36. Which part of the epoxy ester molecule contributes to its drying or curing
mechanism?
a. The epoxy resin
b. The unsaturated fatty acid part
c. The alkyd component
d. The vinyl group
37. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of alkyd resins?
a. Excellent weather resistance
b. Poor alkali resistance
c. Fair salt resistance
d. Flexible physical properties

38. Nitrocellulose coatings are primarily used for:

a. Machinery finishes
b. Corrosion resistance
c. Furniture finishes
d. Exterior weathering conditions

39. Vinyl resins are primarily composed of which basic vinyl molecule?
a. Polyethylene
b. PVC
c. Polyacrylates
d. Nitrocellulose

40. What type of polymerization process forms vinyl resins?

a. Condensation polymerization
b. Addition polymerization
c. Crosslinking polymerization
d. Radical polymerization

41. Which of the following is a common vinyl chloride copolymer resin used in corrosion-
resistant coatings?
a. PVC-acetate
b. Nitrocellulose
c. Ethycellulose
d. Alkyd

42. What characteristic of vinyl resins makes them thermoplastic?

a. Presence of saturated carbon chains
b. Excellent weather resistance
c. High molecular weight
d. Resistance to chemical reactions involving acids
43. Vinyl resins are generally NOT suitable for:
a. Coatings requiring excellent chemical resistance
b. Interior coatings for houses and offices
c. Maintenance coatings
d. Coatings used in atmospheric conditions

44. What is the main reason for the excellent chemical and age resistance of vinyl
polymers?
a. Formation of water during polymerization
b. Loss of atoms during polymerization
c. Carbon-carbon bond formation
d. Unstable chemical bonding

45. Which industry began serious coatings development work in vinyls in the late 1930s?
a. Automobile
b. Pharmaceutical
c. Construction
d. Chemical manufacturing

46. Which of the following statements accurately describes the film formation process of
vinyl coatings?
a. Vinyl coatings rely on temperature, humidity, and solar radiation for curing.
b. Vinyl coatings undergo chemical reactions during film formation.
c. Vinyl coatings form a pre-reacted or polymerized film without undergoing
further changes.
d. Vinyl coatings require moisture vapor to cure in place.

47. Vinyl coatings exhibit excellent resistance to which of the following substances?
a. Water and oil
b. Alcohols and salts
c. Acids and alkalies
d. All of the above

48. Vinyl coatings have been used extensively in which of the following applications?
a. Lining for sulfuric acid tank cars
b. Coating for perchloric acid fume ducts
c. Interior and exterior of boxcars
d. All of the above
49. What is a distinguishing feature of vinyl dispersion resins?
a. They are used primarily in fabric coatings.
b. They are applied as fine particles dispersed in volatile non-solvents or
plasticizers.
c. They rely on high temperatures for curing.
d. They are not resistant to inorganic chemicals.

50. Chlorinated rubber coatings are known for their:

a. Elastic and resilient characteristics.
b. Resistance to aging and sunlight.
c. Low dielectric constant.
d. Ability to withstand boiling water or steam.

51. What is the primary purpose of using acrylic resins in chlorinated rubber finish coats?
a. To increase chemical resistance
b. To enhance gloss characteristics
c. To improve adhesion
d. To accelerate drying speed

52. What is the primary difference between category 3 and category 4 chlorinated
rubber-based coatings?
a. Category 3 includes alkyd resin as a major ingredient, while category 4 is
primarily for alkyd or oleoresinous materials requiring faster drying.
b. Category 4 includes alkyd resin as a major ingredient, while category 3 is
primarily for alkyd or oleoresinous materials requiring faster drying.
c. Category 3 coatings prioritize maximum chemical resistance, while category 4
coatings focus on improving weatherability.
d. Category 4 coatings are primarily used in the chemical and marine industries,
while category 3 coatings are suitable for concrete swimming pools.

53. What characteristic of chlorinated rubber makes it suitable for rapid application?
a. High proportion of chlorinated rubber
b. Presence of saturated carbon bonds
c. Low viscosity in solution
d. Formation of primary chemical bonds

54. Which property of acrylic polymers primarily regulates the solution and film
properties when used in coatings?
a. Molecular weight
 b. Nature of the polymer solution
c. Composition of the polymer or copolymer chemical structure
d. Entanglement of polymer chains

55. Which esterified acrylic monomers are mentioned as important in the composition of
acrylic resins?
a. Methyl and ethyl esters
b. Propyl and butyl esters
c. Acrylamides and acrylonitriles
d. All of the above

56. What property of acrylic polymers primarily contributes to their durability?

a. Presence of ester linkages
b. Presence of carbon-to-carbon single bonds
c. Hydrolyzation of ester side chains
d. Incorporation of ether linkages

57. Which of the following monomers contributes to stain resistance in acrylic coatings?
a. Methyl Methacrylate
b. Butyl Acrylate
c. Styrene
d. Short-Chain Methacrylates

58. What is a notable disadvantage of coal tar coatings when exposed to direct sunlight?
a. Reduced water resistance
b. Increased gloss retention
c. Formation of alligator marks
d. Improved flexibility

59. Asphalt coatings are primarily composed of:

a. Processed coal tar pitch
b. Natural asphalt or gilsonite
c. Vinyl resins
d. Acrylic polymers
60. Which solvent-evaporating film advantage enables rapid successive coating
applications?
a. High resistance to blushing
b. Ease of handling in various temperature conditions
c. Permanently soluble nature
d. Fast film formation

61. What is a potential drawback of solvent-evaporating coatings in terms of application?

a. Enhanced resistance to overspray
b. Difficulty in brush application due to slow-drying solvents
c. Reduced susceptibility to brush marks
d. Improved adhesion due to solvent retention

62. Which resin type is particularly unsuitable for use with aromatic solvents?
a. Vinyl resins
b. Chlorinated rubber coatings
c. Ester-based resins
d. Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents

63. What issue arises when attempting to overcoat coal tar and asphalt coatings with
other coatings, such as oil-based paints?
a. Bleeding and discoloration
b. Cracking and peeling
c. Reduced adhesion
d. Increased brittleness

64. What is a key advantage of co-reactive coatings compared to solvent-based coatings?

a. They have higher initial viscosity
b. They dry faster
c. They form corrosion-resistant coatings
d. They are less expensive

65. Which type of resin is considered the most important for corrosion-resistant coatings
from a corrosion engineer's standpoint?
a. Vinyl Chloride
b. Epoxy
c. Acrylic Copolymer
d. Coal Tar
66. What is the principal reaction involved in the formation of epoxy coatings?
a. Esterification
b. Polymerization
c. Condensation
d. Amine-epoxide reaction

67. Which curing agents are commonly used in epoxy coatings?

a. Only aliphatic amines
b. Only aromatic amines
c. Both aliphatic and aromatic amines
d. Only polyisocyanates

68. What modification of amines can produce blush-resistant epoxy systems?

a. Mannich Bases
b. Acid accelerators
c. Bisphenol A
d. Novolacs

69. Which amine is a common tri-functional amine used to cure epoxy resins?
a. Diethylene triamine (DETA)
b. Monoethylene triamine (META)
c. Ethylenediamine (EDA)
d. Triethylene tetramine (TETA)

70. What is necessary for the application of epoxy coatings that involve reactions with
amine groups?
a. Low temperature curing
b. High temperature curing
c. Two-package system
d. Single-package system

71. Which of the following describes the structure of epoxy resins?

a. They contain terminal hydroxyl groups
b. They are linear polymers
c. They contain terminal epoxide groups
d. They are branched polymers
72. What advantage do novolac-based epoxy resins offer over other epoxy resins?
a. Higher elasticity
b. Lower cost
c. Higher chemical resistance
d. Faster curing time

73. Which type of epoxy coating is primarily used for exterior atmospheric corrosion
resistance?
a. Aliphatic amine-cured epoxy
b. Polyamide epoxy
c. Amine adducts
d. Ketimine epoxy

74. What is the advantage of using amine adducts as curing agents in epoxy coatings?
a. Lowering the volatility and safety hazards of low molecular weight amines
b. Increased resistance to blushing and migration of monomeric amines
c. Better weather resistance compared to other curing agents
d. Facilitating mixing in the field due to larger volume

75. Ketimine epoxy coatings are advantageous for which type of applications?
a. High-solid epoxy coatings
b. Low-temperature applications
c. High-build, solventless coatings
d. All of the above

76. Which epoxy system utilizes cardonal, a major constituent of cashew nut shell liquid
(CNSL)?
a. Aliphatic amine-cured epoxy
b. Polyamide epoxy
c. Amine adducts
d. Cardonal-based epoxies

77. What improvement has been made to cardonal-based epoxy coatings in recent
years?
a. Increased ultraviolet resistance
b. Faster curing time
c. Enhanced solvent resistance
d. Greater flexibility and toughness at low temperatures
78. What characteristic(s) does an aromatic ring contribute to CNSL-based coatings?
a. Low viscosity
b. High hydrophobicity
c. Strong adhesion
d. Good flexibility

79. Which type of epoxy coating offers excellent water resistance and corrosion
protection due to its long aliphatic side chain?
a. Solventless (solvent free) epoxies
b. Phenalkamine curing agents
c. Epoxy novolac coatings
d. Aromatic amine curing agents

80. What advantage do bisphenol F epoxy coatings offer over bisphenol A systems?
a. Higher VOC emissions
b. Lower cross-linked polymeric matrices
c. Better solvent, heat, and chemical resistance
d. Decreased pot life

81. Which epoxy resin modification results in less thixotropic formulations with greater
penetrating properties?
a. Bisphenol F epoxy coatings
b. Solventless (solvent free) epoxies
c. Epoxy novolac coatings
d. Newer epoxy resin modifications

82. At what temperature must aromatic amine curing agents typically be stimulated to
properly cure?
a. Below 0 °C
b. Around 300 °F
c. Room temperature
d. Above 100 °C

83. What advantage do phenalkamine curing agents share with other Mannich base
curing agents?
a. Low temperature cure
b. Good surface appearance
c. Non-blushing properties
d. All of the above
84. What is a primary disadvantage of non-pigmented epoxy sealers?
a. Lack of flexibility
b. Poor adhesion
c. Resistance to ultra-violet rays
d. Slow curing reactions

85. Which type of epoxy coating is particularly suitable for structures requiring increased
cross-link densities due to exposure to aggressive solvents and chemicals?
a. Solventless (solvent free) epoxies
b. Aromatic amine curing agents
c. Epoxy novolac coatings
d. Bisphenol F epoxy coatings

86. Which type of epoxy coating is generally flat or semi-gloss and designed for severe
corrosion conditions?
a. High-solids epoxy coatings
b. High-build epoxy coatings
c. Silicone-modified epoxy resin
d. Epoxy-phenolic coatings

87. How is the modification of epoxy with silicone achieved?

a. Through a chemical reaction between epoxide groups
b. By adding inert pigments such as silica and titanium dioxide
c. By reacting methoxy groups of a silicone intermediate with hydroxyl groups
on the epoxy resin
d. By blending with coal tar

88. What is the primary function of the hydroxyl groups in epoxy-phenolic coatings?
a. Enhancing glossiness
b. Improving flexibility
c. Increasing resistance to alkalies
d. Reacting with phenol-formaldehyde resin

89. Which type of epoxy coating can be cross-linked at room temperature with
polyisocyanate compounds?
a. High-build epoxy coatings
b. Epoxy-phenolic coatings
c. Epoxy-urethane coatings
d. Coal tar epoxies
90. What is the curing mechanism for coal tar epoxies?
a. Reaction between coal tar and epoxy resin
b. Oxidation reaction with atmospheric oxygen
c. Amine reaction with terminal epoxide groups on epoxy resin
d. UV radiation-induced polymerization

91. What is a notable property of coal tar epoxy coatings?

a. High brittleness
b. Low resistance to impact
c. Resistance to a wide variety of aqueous conditions
d. Susceptibility to delamination in all environments

92. Which industry relies on coal tar epoxy coatings due to their resistance to bacterial
attack?
a. Automotive
b. Aerospace
c. Sewage
d. Agriculture

93. What serious drawback is associated with polyamide coal tar epoxy coatings?
a. Poor resistance to CP currents
b. Delamination between coats under various conditions
c. Resistance to bacterial attack
d. Excellent adhesion to surfaces

94. What is a significant advantage of hydrocarbon resin-based coal tar epoxy coatings
over traditional coal tar epoxy?
a. Greater likelihood of causing dermatitis
b. Similar burning sensation on the skin when applied in hot weather
c. Comparable performance in terms of corrosion resistance
d. Lower cost and easier application process

95. Which coating system has become the standard in the corrosion industry for civil
engineering applications?
a. Waterborne epoxy coatings
b. Polyurethane coatings
c. Zinc-rich primer, epoxy intermediate, and aliphatic polyurethane topcoat
d. Two-coat systems with polyaspartic coatings
96. What reaction is typically catalyzed with either a tin or amine catalyst in
polyurethane coatings?
a. Reaction with water to form urethanes
b. Reaction with isocyanates to form urethanes
c. Reaction with alcohols to form urethanes
d. Reaction with amines to form urethanes

97. What is the main difference between aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates in
polyurethane coatings?
a. Aromatic isocyanates provide light stability for topcoat applications.
b. Aliphatic isocyanates are used mainly in primers in three-coat systems.
c. Aromatic isocyanates offer enhanced weatherability.
d. Aliphatic isocyanates bring enhanced chemical and water resistance.

98. What is a typical application for coatings based on aromatic isocyanates?

a. Topcoats in buried pipe coatings
b. Exterior applications with prolonged UV exposure
c. Primers in three-coat systems
d. Marine industry coatings

99. What is a key advantage of coatings based on aliphatic isocyanates in comparison to

aromatic isocyanates?
a. Higher reactivity
b. Lower chemical resistance
c. Greater susceptibility to UV degradation
d. Reduced curing reliability at low temperatures

100.Which type of polyurethane coatings has seen substantial growth in the corrosion
protection market due to its unique combination of properties?
a. Moisture-cured polyurethane coatings
b. Urethane-modified oil-based coatings
c. Three-coat systems
d. Polyaspartic coatings

101.Why are solvent-based coatings preferred in anti-corrosion applications?

a. Lower environmental impact
b. Higher cost of raw materials
c. Longer pot life
d. Limited application during environmental changes
102.Which type of coating allows for reduced dry times while maintaining adequate pot
life for conventional spray equipment?
a. Polyurethane coatings
b. Polyaspartic esters
c. Acrylic coatings
d. Polyester coatings

103.Which factor limits the application of polyurethane coatings at high humidity levels
and film builds?
a. CO2 evolution
b. Reaction with solvents
c. Reaction with hydroxyls
d. Presence of catalysts

104.What is a primary characteristic of non-yellowing urethanes?

a. Resistance to abrasion
b. Resistance to moisture
c. Resistance to heat
d. Resistance to corrosion

105.Which property makes polyurethane coatings excellent for floor and deck coatings?
a. Chemical resistance
b. Flexibility
c. Impact resistance
d. Moisture resistance

106.Which type of coating is formed as a result of a one-step reaction between an

isocyanate component and a resin blend component?
a. Polyurethane
b. Polyurea
c. Hybrid polyurethane/polyurea
d. Epoxy

107.What advantage do polyurea coating systems offer in terms of cure time?

a. Slow cure
b. Instant cure
c. Variable cure
d. Long cure
108.Which standard outlines the application of thick film polyurea and polyurethane
coatings to concrete and steel?
a. SSPC-PS 28.01
b. ASTM D16
c. SSPC-PA 14
d. NACE Technical Practices Committee

109.What severe service condition did a proprietary 100% solids polyurethane formula
applied over a rubber lining solve?
a. Erosion/corrosion problem in piping transferring oil-rich coal tar sands
b. Rusting of metal surfaces
c. Fading of paint on exterior walls
d. Deterioration of wooden structures due to moisture

110.What is the primary reaction involved in polyaspartic coating technology?

a. Esterification
b. Polymerization
c. Polycondensation
d. Polyisocyanate-polyaspartic ester reaction

111.Which property makes polyaspartic esters excellent for use in high solids
polyurethane coatings?
a. Low viscosity
b. High reactivity
c. Non-yellowing nature
d. Good weathering resistance

112.What distinguishes polyaspartic coatings from conventional polyureas and

polyurethanes?
a. Their yellowing tendency
b. Rate of reaction and cure control
c. Lower VOC content
d. Use of aromatic polyisocyanates

113.What is a significant advantage of polyaspartic coatings in direct-to-metal

applications?
a. High film build capability
b. Excellent adhesion to metal substrates
c. Superior resistance to corrosion
 d. Elimination of the need for primer coats

114.Which industry widely utilizes polyaspartic coatings for their high-performance

protection and exceptional color retention?
a. Automotive
b. Marine
c. Railcar
d. Aerospace

115.What type of polyester resins are primarily discussed in the text?

a. Saturated polyesters
b. Aromatic polyesters
c. Unsaturated polyesters
d. Aliphatic polyesters

116.What is the purpose of adding styrene or similar vinyl-type monomers to polyester

resins in coatings?
a. To increase solvent resistance
b. To enhance flexibility
c. To improve adhesion
d. To facilitate cross-linking

117.What is a disadvantage of polyester-styrene copolymers mentioned in the text?

a. High VOC emissions
b. Poor weather resistance
c. Tendency toward shrinkage
d. Limited color options

118.Which of the following materials is commonly used to reduce shrinkage in polyester

glass structures?
a. Aluminum
b. Silicones
c. Fiberglass
d. Zinc

119.What is the primary function of a final coat of polyester in a polyester glass

structure?
a. Improving adhesion
 b. Preventing shrinkage
c. Enhancing corrosion resistance
d. Avoiding exposure of fiberglass strands

120.Silicone polymers are formed by chemical modification of:

a. Aluminum
b. Quartz
c. Carbon
d. Zinc

121.Which of the following groups tends to provide better heat and oxidation resistance
in silicone resins?
a. Methyl
b. Phenyl
c. Hydroxyl
d. Methoxy

122.Silicone coatings exhibit poor resistance to:

a. Water
b. Alkalies
c. Mild acids
d. Thermal changes

123.Which factor contributes to the excellent weather resistance of silicone coatings?

a. Resistance to thermal change
b. Transparency to ultraviolet light
c. Resistance to mild acids
d. Presence of hydrocarbon solvents

124.Copolymers of silicone with organic polymers are primarily used to improve:

a. Abrasion resistance
b. Adhesion
c. Color retention
d. Corrosion resistance

125.What is a popular application of silicone copolymers?

 a. Tank linings
b. Coil coating
c. Architectural paints
d. Emulsion-type coatings

126.Emulsion-type coatings are becoming increasingly important due to:

a. Their high heat resistance
b. Stringent air pollution regulations
c. Improved adhesion properties
d. Resistance to alkaline solutions

127.The main drawback of water-based, high-performance coatings is:

a. Resistance to thermal changes
b. Difficulty in coalescence
c. Excellent corrosion resistance
d. Lack of transparency to ultraviolet light

128.What is the primary function of an emulsifier in emulsion coatings?

a. Providing viscosity
b. Preventing foaming
c. Dispersing pigment
d. Inhibiting bacteria growth

129.Which stage of coalescence represents poor film characteristics and lack of

toughness in an emulsion coating?
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4

130.Which of the following is NOT a function of a coalescent in emulsion coatings?

a. Providing freeze-thaw stability
b. Aiding in film formation
c. Assisting resin particles to fuse
d. Enhancing corrosion resistance

131.What is the primary role of surfactants in emulsion coatings?

a. Providing metal adhesion
 b. Improving freeze-thaw stability
c. Wetting pigment particles
d. Inhibiting bacterial growth

132.Which type of coating is particularly effective as topcoats for IOZ base coats under
certain conditions?
a. Vinyl acrylics
b. Waterborne epoxies
c. Coal tar epoxies
d. Acrylic water-based materials

133.Which condition is not suitable for proper coalescence of water-based emulsion-type

coatings?
a. Warm and dry atmosphere
b. Cold and dry atmosphere
c. Warm and humid atmosphere
d. Cold and humid atmosphere

134.What is the main reason for using aliphatic epoxy monomers in epoxy emulsion
coatings?
a. To enhance freeze-thaw stability
b. To reduce viscosity
c. To improve corrosion resistance
d. To provide color to the coating

135.Which type of coating is most suitable for corrosion inhibiting formulations with low
pigment volume concentration?
a. Highly pigmented coatings
b. Waterborne epoxies
c. Solvent-based coatings
d. Emulsion-type coatings

136.Which ingredient in emulsion coatings primarily provides hardness and resistance to

H2S?
a. Pigment dispersant
b. Extender pigment
c. Reactive pigment
d. Thickener
137.What is the key difference between waterborne epoxy coatings and solvent-type
epoxy coatings?
a. Waterborne epoxies are more effective under damp conditions.
b. Solvent-type epoxies have longer pot life after mixing.
c. Waterborne epoxies provide better atmospheric corrosion resistance.
d. Solvent-type epoxies are more suitable for use as topcoats over IOZ coatings.

138.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of phenolic coatings?

a. Highly resistant to corrosion
b. Can be applied in thick coats without affecting curing
c. Soluble in alcohols, ketones, esters, and glycol ether
d. Requires removal of water during the curing process

139.What is the primary chemical reaction involved in the formation of phenolic

coatings?
a. Esterification
b. Polymerization
c. Hydrolysis
d. Condensation

140.What is the effect of over-curing on phenolic coatings?

a. Improved flexibility
b. Enhanced adhesion
c. Charred coating
d. Lightening of color

141.What distinguishes epoxy phenolic coatings from phenolic coatings?

a. They are less sensitive to curing conditions
b. They lack alkali resistance
c. They are soluble in alcohols
d. They release water during the curing process

142.How are epoxy phenolic coatings primarily cured?

a. At ambient temperatures
b. By exposure to UV light
c. At relatively high temperatures
d. Through air-drying
143.Which of the following is NOT a property of fully cured epoxy phenolic coatings?
a. Hard and tough
b. Sensitive to curing conditions
c. Solvent and chemical resistant
d. Nontoxic

144.What is one of the best properties of epoxy phenolic coatings according to the text?
a. Resistance to extreme temperatures
b. Lack of chemical resistance
c. Sensitivity to curing conditions
d. Poor adhesion

145.Which application is NOT mentioned for epoxy phenolic coatings?

a. Interior drum coatings
b. Industrial tank linings
c. Food container linings
d. Exterior building coatings

146.What is a notable property of epoxy phenolic coatings regarding chemical resistance?

a. Lack of alkali resistance
b. Poor resistance to acids
c. Resistance to extreme temperatures
d. Resistance to caustic soda

147.Which temperature range is typically used for curing epoxy phenolic coatings?
a. 50-100 °C
b. 135-300 °C
c. 180-200 °C
d. 400-500 °C

148.What is one of the advantages of 100% solids coatings mentioned in the text?
a. They are highly resistant to alkalis
b. They require complex application procedures
c. They produce waste materials during the coating process
d. They are cost-effective due to their low cost-per-mil of thickness
149.Which of the following statements about coal tar enamel is true?
a. It is primarily used for potable water service due to its excellent resistance to
various chemicals.
b. It is applied in thin layers to provide flexibility to steel pipelines.
c. Type 3 coal tar enamel is suitable for pipelines subject to high temperatures.
d. It is not affected by aromatic hydrocarbons.

150.How is coal tar enamel typically applied to the exterior of steel pipelines?
a. By daubing with long-handled brushes
b. By pouring it directly onto the surface
c. By revolving the pipe and distributing liquid coal tar lengthwise through it
d. By spraying it using specialized equipment

151.What is a characteristic of coal tar enamel's adhesion property?

a. It is easily removed from the surface even without surface contamination.
b. It tends to release adhesion when exposed to cathodic protection (CP)
currents.
c. It is resistant to cathodic disbonding due to moisture and cathodic currents.
d. It has poor adhesion, requiring multiple coats for proper bonding.

152.Which of the following statements about coal tar enamel's chemical resistance is
true?
a. It is generally resistant to most chemicals except water solutions.
b. It has poor chemical resistance due to its low thickness.
c. Its resistance to chemicals is not influenced by its water resistance.
d. Its general chemical resistance is improved by its thickness and excellent
water resistance.

153.What is the primary difference between asphalt and coal tar coatings?
a. Asphalt has better weather resistance.
b. Coal tar has better chemical resistance.
c. Asphalt is primarily used underground.
d. Coal tar is nontoxic and tasteless.

154.Which of the following statements about polyesters is true?

a. They are highly resistant to alkalis.
b. They are commonly used without any reinforcement.
c. They are primarily used for exterior pipe coatings.
d. They undergo hydrolysis when in contact with alkalis.
155.How are epoxy powder coatings typically applied?
a. By fusion followed by pulverization
b. By dry grinding in a pebble mill
c. By dipping objects into a fluidized bed
d. By electrostatic spray or flocking gun

156.What characteristic distinguishes vinyl powder coatings from epoxy powder coatings?
a. Vinyl powder coatings require curing.
b. Vinyl powder coatings are not resistant to chemical corrosion.
c. Vinyl powder coatings are thinner than epoxy powder coatings.
d. Vinyl powder coatings cannot be applied using electrostatic spray.

157.What is a characteristic of Surlyn and Nylon powders developed by DuPont?

a. They require fusion milling for application.
b. They are primarily used for product finishes.
c. They are resistant to edge corrosion.
d. They have poor color retention.

158.Which type of coating is applied by heating the metal surface and rapidly
accumulating the powder, followed by fusion onto the surface?
a. Epoxy powder coatings
b. Vinyl powder coatings
c. Surlyn and Nylon powders
d. Liquid epoxy coatings

159.What is a challenge associated with 100% solids epoxy coatings?

a. They require a curing agent for application.
b. They are not resistant to chemical corrosion.
c. They often result in poor adhesion and disbonding.
d. They are not suitable for pipe coatings.

160.How are plastisols typically applied?

a. By fusion followed by pulverization
b. By dipping objects into a fluidized bed
c. By electrostatic spray or flocking gun
d. By heating the object and coating until the plasticizer solvates the resin
161.Which of the following statements best describes the impact of plasticizers on vinyl
resin coatings?
a. Plasticizers increase the chemical resistance of vinyl resin coatings.
b. Vinyl resin coatings become less chemically resistant with the addition of
plasticizers.
c. Plasticizers have no effect on the chemical characteristics of vinyl resin
coatings.
d. Vinyl resin coatings become more brittle when plasticizers are added.

162.What is a primary advantage of furan resins in corrosion protection?

a. They are highly resistant to oxidizing chemicals.
b. They are transparent and provide visual inspection of underlying surfaces.
c. They have low temperature resistance, making them suitable for cryogenic
applications.
d. They are inexpensive compared to other organic coatings.

163.Which of the following substances serves as the primary basic material for furan
resins?
a. Cellulose
b. Vinyl chloride
c. Furfuryl alcohol
d. Polyester

164.Which type of acid poses an exception to the excellent resistance of furan resins?
a. Sulfuric acid
b. Hydrochloric acid
c. Nitric acid
d. Acetic acid

165.What is the primary disadvantage associated with furan resins?

a. They are expensive.
b. They are sensitive to high temperatures.
c. They have poor adhesion characteristics.
d. They are highly susceptible to UV degradation.

166.Which of the following is NOT a property of furan resins?

a. Excellent water resistance
b. Good resistance to inorganic acids
c. Poor resistance to organic acids
 d. Excellent resistance to alkalis

167.In which industry are furan resins commonly used for acid-proof cement?
a. Automotive
b. Pharmaceutical
c. Steel
d. Textile

168.What is the primary use of 100% solids furfural coatings?

a. Exterior pipe coating
b. Tank lining
c. Chemical lining
d. Waterproof structures

169.Which property makes polysiloxanes an intriguing development in protective

coatings technology?
a. Low cost
b. High flexibility
c. Resistance to UV degradation
d. Silicon-oxygen bond in the backbone

170.Which term refers to a polymeric structure containing repeating silicon-oxygen

groups regardless of substitution on the silicon atom?
a. Silicone
b. Silicate
c. Siloxane
d. Polysiloxane

171.What is the key component in heat-resistant polysiloxane compositions?

a. Micaceous iron oxide (MiOx)
b. Polyurethane
c. Zinc silicate
d. Silicone intermediates

172.How does the product in heat-resistant polysiloxane compositions cure?

a. Baking at high temperatures
b. Hydrolytic polycondensation at ambient conditions
c. UV exposure
 d. Chemical cross-linking

173.Which type of formulations can be achieved with chemical-resistant polysiloxanes?

a. Organic-based
b. Inorganic-based
c. Acrylic-based
d. Polyester-based

174.What is a significant advantage of tank lining formulations using chemical-resistant

polysiloxanes?
a. High gloss finish
b. Resistance to solvents and acids
c. Low cost
d. Fast drying time

175.What type of topcoats can be formulated using appropriate blends of silicone

intermediates and oxysiloxane cross-linking agents?
a. Polyurethane-like
b. Epoxy-like
c. Acrylic-like
d. Polyester-like

176.What is a notable property of polysiloxane acrylic topcoat blends in comparison to

polyurethanes?
a. Higher gloss finish
b. Lower cost
c. Greater ultraviolet resistance
d. Faster curing time

177.What significant new properties have been achieved by incorporating polysiloxane in

epoxy resin matrices?
a. Increased acidity
b. Enhanced compatibility with zinc silicate primers
c. Reduced chemical resistance
d. Lower thermal resistance
178.How does the formula incorporating polysiloxane in epoxy resin matrices eliminate
gassing and bubbling problems?
a. By increasing the curing temperature
b. By decreasing the compatibility with IOZ primers
c. By increasing the acidity
d. By increasing the compatibility with IOZ primers
 ANSWERS
1. c 29. c 57. d
2. c 30. c 58. c
3. b 31. d 59. b
4. c 32. b 60. d
5. c 33. b 61. b
6. a 34. a 62. a
7. a 35. b 63. a
8. b 36. b 64. c
9. b 37. a 65. b
10. b 38. c 66. d
11. b 39. b 67. c
12. c 40. b 68. a
13. c 41. a 69. a
14. c 42. a 70. c
15. d 43. c 71. c
16. c 44. c 72. c
17. b 45. a 73. b
18. a 46. c 74. a
19. a 47. d 75. d
20. d 48. d 76. d
21. b 49. b 77. a
22. c 50. b 78. c
23. b 51. b 79. b
24. b 52. a 80. c
25. d 53. d 81. d
26. c 54. a 82. b
27. c 55. a 83. d
28. a 56. b 84. c
 85. c 114. c 143. b
86. b 115. c 144. a
87. c 116. d 145. d
88. d 117. c 146. d
89. c 118. c 147. c
90. c 119. d 148. d
91. c 120. b 149. c
92. c 121. b 150. c
93. b 122. b 151. c
94. c 123. b 152. d
95. c 124. d 153. a
96. c 125. b 154. d
97. d 126. b 155. d
98. c 127. b 156. c
99. a 128. c 157. c
100. d 129. b 158. a
101. c 130. a 159. c
102. b 131. c 160. b
103. a 132. a 161. b
104. d 133. c 162. a
105. c 134. b 163. c
106. b 135. d 164. a
107. b 136. c 165. c
108. c 137. c 166. c
109. a 138. b 167. c
110. d 139. d 168. a
111. b 140. c 169. d
112. b 141. a 170. d
113. d 142. c 171. a
172. b
173. b
174. b
175. a
176. c
177. b
178. d