PVD 02.

2
SELECTION OF
ENGINEERING MATERIAL
Process Equipments & Piping Systems
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Industrial & Process Sectors Covered:

 Petroleum Production (Oil & Gas)
 Petroleum Refining
 Petrochemicals / Organic / Inorganic (Including Ammonia & Urea
Production)
 Acid Production
 Thermal Power Generation
 Piping / Pressure Vessel Elements:
 Pipes * Pressure storage vessel * Heat Exchanger
 Fittings * Reactors * Towers * Columns
 Flanges * Separators * Filters
 Valves
 Moving Machines (Pumps, Compressors, Blowers)
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Service Conditions
 Corrosive
 Non-Corrosive
 Ambient Temperature / Moderate Temperature
 Elevated Temperature
 Low / Cryogenic Temperature
 Steady Service Load
 Cyclic / Fluctuating Service load
 Common Mechanical Properties
 Ultimate Tensile Strength
 Yield Strength / 0.2 % Proof Stress
 Impact Strength
 Creep Rupture Strength
 Fatigue – Endurance Strength
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Selection of Engineering Materials

 Grey / Nodular Cast Iron
 Carbon Steel (Medium C, C-Mn)
 Low Alloy Steels
 C – 0.5 Mo
 0.5 Cr – 0.5 Mo – 0.25 V
 1.0 Cr – 0.5 Mo
 3.5 Ni
 9.0 Ni
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Ferritic Stainless Steels (12 Cr, 17 Cr)

 Austenitic Stainless Steels (AISI 304, 316, 321, 347, 310)
and other Modified Varieties like INCOLOY 800,
ALLOY 20, HV9, …)
 Cupro – Nickel
 Nickel Alloys
 Rubber lined, Epoxy Coated, PTFE – Lined Steel
 FRP
 Aluminum
 HDPE / Propylene
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Material of construction:
Carbon steels: (C – Mn Steels) → (Non Corrosive Service)
 Plates:
ASTM : A 515 Gr. 60, 65, 70
ASTM : A 516 Gr. 55, 60, 65, 70
ASTM : A 285 Gr. A, B, C
ASTM : A 537 Cl. 1,
ASTM : A 36
* Pipes:
ASTM : A 333 Gr. 1, 6
ASTM : A 106 Gr. A, B, C
ASTM : A53 Gr A, B
ASTM : A135 Gr A, B
API 5L : A, B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80
* Forgings:
ASTM : A 350 Gr. LF1, LF2
ASTM : A 105
ASTM : A 181 Cl. 60, 70
• Fittings
ASTM : A234 Gr. WPB, WPC
ASTM : A420 Gr WPL6
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Low Alloy steels: (Elevated Temperature up to 480 C)

 Cr – Mo Steels:
 Plates:
½ Cr – ½ Mo – ¼ V Steels
1 Cr – ½ Mo Steels, 2 ¼ Cr – 1 Mo Steels, 5Cr and 9 Cr Steels
ASTM : A 387 Gr. 2, 11, 12, 21, 22, 5, 9, 91
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Pipes:
◼ ASTM : A 335 Gr. P1, P2, P11, P12, P21, P22, P5, P91
◼ ASTM : A 691 Gr 0.5Cr, 1Cr, 1.25Cr, 2.25Cr, 3Cr, 5Cr, 9Cr
 Forgings
◼ ASTM : A 182 Gr. F1, F2, F11, F12, F21, F22, F5, F91+
 Fittings
◼ ASTM : A 234 WP1, WP2, WP11, WP12, WP22, WP5, WP91
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Ni Alloy Steels:
 Plates:
3 5 Ni Steels
⚫ ASTM : A 645
⚫ ASTM : A 203 Gr. A, B, D, E, F
9 Ni Steels
ASTM : A 353
ASTM : A 553 Type I, II
 Pipes:
ASTM : A 333 Gr. 3, 7, 8
ASTM : A 334 Gr. 3, 7, 8
 Forgings:
ASTM : A350 LF3,
ASTM : A420 WPL8
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Stainless Steels: (for corrosive services)

 Plates:
ASTM : A 240 Gr 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 317L, 321, 309, 347, 310, 410 (UNS
S31600, S31700, S32100, S34700, S310008, S41000)
 Pipes:
ASTM : A 312 TP 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 317L, 321, 309, 347, 310, 410 (S 30400,
S 31600, S 31700 etc)
ASTM : A 358 Gr 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 317L, 321, 309, 347, 310, 410
ASTM : A 789/790 S32304, S31803, 32760, 32750, 32900
 Forgings, Fittings:
ASTM : A 182 F6, F304, F304L, F316, F316L, F317L, F321, F347, F310, (UNS
S31600, S31700, S32100, S34700, S310008, S32760 etc)
ASTM : A 403 WP304, WP304L, WP316, WP316L, WP317L, WP321, WP347,
WP310
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Selection For Non – Corrosive Service For Different temperatures:

Temperature range, C C.S / A.S / S.S / other materials
– 196 to –101 Austenitic Cr – Ni S.S. (AISI 304,
316) 9.0 % Ni, Aluminum
 – 100 to – 46 5 % Ni Steel (may be used up to -120
C) 3.5 % Ni Steel
 – 45 to – 29 Impact test C-Mn steels
 – 28 to – 19 C – Steel Fine Grained
 – 19 to 400 C – Steel Si – Killed
 400 to 500 1 Cr -½ Mo, 2 ¼ Cr -1 Mo, 5Cr Steels
 500 to 700 Austenitic Steels (Cr – Ni), AISI
304, 316, 321, 310
 700 & above INCOLOY 800, Refractory – lined
steel.
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Material Selection for Special Service Conditions / Environment

at high Temperature:
1. Hydrogen Service: NELSON’S CHART
2. Creep Fatigue Interaction
3. Stainless Steels Performance Under Long Term Elevated Temperature.
 AISI 430 - Subjected to Embrittlement by 475 oC Exposure, Radiant
Damage
 AISI 304 - Carbide Precipitation  – phase formation Radiation Damage
 AISI 316 - Carbide Precipitation  – phase formation Radiation Damage
 AISI 321 -  – phase formation (600 – 1000 oC), Radiation Damage
 AISI 310 - Carbide Precipitation (500 – 900 oC.)  – phase formation (600 -
1000oC) Radiation Damage
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 MATERIALS FOR CORROSIVE SERVICES:

 H2-H2S Gaseous mixture (260 C) – CS / AS is corroded, AISI 321 / 347
are the better choice.
 CO2 with moisture : AISI 304 / 321 / 316
 Ammonium Carbamate: AISI 316 L , 3R69
 Nitric Acid: AISI 304 L, 321 (up to 60 % Concentration) 2 RE 10 (60 %
concentration 100 C), Aluminium (80 % Conc.)
 Phosphoric Acid: AISI 316 L, 317 L SANICRO 28, HV9, HV9A,
Rubber-lined C.S., Alloy 20, 2RK 65, Illium B, G, Hastalloy C, HDPE
(UHMW) for pumps.
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Sulphuric Acid: Nodular C.I., C.S. (H2SO4 96 – 98 % Conc., 100 C),

AISI 316, 317 (Conc. 5 – 25 %, and 85 – 90 %) Alloy 20, HV9A,
2RK 65, 2R 65 (Sandvik)
 Organic Acid: Aluminium & Alloys
 Sea Water: Cupro -Nickel, Monel, AISI 306, 316 L, Duplex S.S.,
Super Austenitic S.S.
 Oil Fields: C.S. AISI 304, 316, Duplex S.S.
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 MATERIALS FOR CHLORINE SERVICES:

 Moist Chlorine Services:
 Low Pressure System: GRP (Glass-fiber Reinforced
Polyester)
 High Pressure System: * Titanium (reacts with dry Chlorine
at ordinary temperature), * Tantalum (up to 300F),
* Hastealloy C, * Monel Alloy B
 SELECTION OF ENGINEERING
MATERIAL

 Dry Chlorine Services:

 Seamless Carbon Steel (Corrosion Allowance : 1 mm) pipes.
 Forged C.S. for fittings, Flanges
 Gasket : Compressed Asbestos (CAF) or Lead
 (2-4 % Antimony) for Tongue & Groove face flanges.
 Cast Carbon Steel for Valves Body, Stem: Hastealloy C
 Seat / Disc: Monel
 Seal / Packing: PTFE