Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems (ICSCSS 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DJ3-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-3360-2
Milk Quality Monitoring System using IoT
Kathiravan Pugazhenthi Anandhan Sengamalam
Department of Food Technology Department of Food Technology
K. S. Rangasamy College of K. S. Rangasamy College of
Technology Technology
Tiruchengode, India Tiruchengode, India
2023 International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems (ICSCSS) | 979-8-3503-3360-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICSCSS57650.2023.10169262
kathir902541@gmail.com anandhan35799@gmail.com
Abstract— The demand for milk has significantly
increased in the present generation, which has
increased the number of milk centres around the
nation. High- quality milk is thick and free of
impurities. A few adulterants were added to
maintain milk yield and income. Milk adulteration
is now a serious problem recently. Drinking milk
that has been contaminated might have detrimental
effects on your health. Milk consistency must be
guaranteed and adulteration must be found by
several kinds of sensors, like pH sensors, fat sensor
module, temperature sensors, may be used to detect
milk adulteration. All milk depositors will now be
more aware of the procedure thanks to this
deployment. The advantages and difficulties of
putting in place IoT-based systems for monitoring
milk quality, including cost-effectiveness, data
security, and accuracy. The research it looks at the
effects of IoT on the dairy sector, including the
possibility for enhanced traceability and milk
processing automation. The research will also look
at the effects of IoT on the dairy sector, including
the possibility for enhanced traceability and milk
processing automation. The monitoring method
may be improved by the use of Internet of Things
(IoT) technology, which offers real-time data on the
aspects affecting milk quality. In this framework,
the NodeMCU controller is utilized. This NodeMCU
manages the complete milk analyser system.
Numerous sensors are coupled to controllers.
Keywords—Milk Quality Monitoring, Milk Adulteration,
Internet of Things, Sensor Detection.
I. INTRODUCTION
Humans consume rely on milk and milk-
derived products for nutrition. The breed of the cow, the
diet, the season, the stage of lactation, and a number of
other factors can all affect the quality of the nutrients.
The most frequent milk adulterant is water because it
lowers milk quality while increasing milk quantity. Milk
has to have its consistency examined to prevent
adulteration. In India, adulterants including detergent,
water, urea, starch, and other substances are added to
the milk before it is given and consumed. These
adulterants alter the consistency of milk while also
reducing its nutritional content.
The quality of milk is falsely enhanced by the
addition of adulterants. If the addition of artificial
substances or the removal of nutritive ingredients
lowers or otherwise alters the product's quality, it is
called adulterated. It is defined as the deliberate process
of lowering the quality of food that is being sold, either
by adding or substituting lesser ingredients or by
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Bharath Ganesan
Department of Food Technology
K. S. Rangasamy College of
Technology
Tiruchengode, India
bharathg@ksrct.ac.in
removing some vital components. ingredient. Because it
may be poisonous and damaging to one's health,
adulterated milk is dangerous because it deprives a
person of the nutrients required for healthy growth and
development. The contaminated milk has been a
significant problem despite all the steps the government
has made to stop the illegal adulteration of milk. There
is a significant gap between milk production and
consumption, with the business of milk adulteration,
this enormous gap is being tricked and abused. A
substance is added that depreciates or harms it. To make
it seem better or if any dangerous additives have been
introduced.
One of the things that may be tampered with in a
variety of ways that affects the quality of other dairy
products is milk. [8] In order to improve the quantity or
profit of the milk being sold, it is common practice to
purposely mix or dilute milk with additional ingredients
like water, sugar, or proteins that are not made from
milk.[11] It may have adverse economic consequences
for legal milk producers in addition to having major
health concerns for consumers.
From the farm to the consumer, adulteration can
happen at any point in the milk production and supply
chain. Water, urea, detergents, and chemicals are a few
of the most typical adulterants discovered in milk.[4]
The most common adulterants in milk include the
inclusion of vegetable protein, milk from other species,
the addition of whey, and watering, all of which are
considered to be economically driven adulterations
. Water is one of the most popular milk adulterants,
and the practice of adding water to milk is persistent
throughout the milk supply chain and production
process. This is done to improve milk production,
which can boost the producer's or supplier's earnings.
Milk's quality, nutritional content, and safety can all be
adversely affected by the addition of water.
IoT (Internet of Things) sensor use Real-time
monitoring and analysis of milk quality are now
feasible thanks to Internet of Things (IoT) sensors,
which are devices that can gather and send data over a
network.[8] To find adulterated milk, sensor-based
detection techniques have been developed.[6] These
techniques employ sensors that are capable of
identifying particular chemical elements or physical
characteristics in milk that are suggestive of
adulteration.[5] Using sensors that can detect the
presence of extra water is a frequent way to find milk
that has been adulterated.
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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems (ICSCSS 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DJ3-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-3360-2
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experimental setup created to evaluate
the quality of a milk sample as experimental
equipment to illustrate our suggested methodology.
The adulterated milk differs from its original quality
like Temperature, pH and Fat. The components such
as Temperature Sensor (DSB1820), pH sensor, Fat
sensor module, WIFI Module and Microprocessor are
selected to develop a Milk Quality Monitoring system.
The selected sensors and components are procured
from an electronics components shop in the locality.
The Sensor and its uses were mentioned in Table 1.
Table 1: Sensor and its Uses
S. NO. SENSOR USES
1. DSB1820 To detect Temperature
2. LDR and Laser Fat Sensor Module
3. pH Sensor To detect the pH
The components and sensors are integrated and the
prototype is developed by the method of soldering. The
assembly of the system is designed using Arduino
software.
Dashboard
Fat Sensor
Module
Cloud
NodeMCU Storage
pH
Sensor sensor
Fig. 1. Experimental Design.
Fig. 1 shows the Experimental Design of Milk
Quality Monitoring System.
1) The three major components of this milk
quality monitoring device are Milk sampling, data
acquisition and pattern recognition systems. The device
is filled with electronics, sensors and micro controller
ESP8266 (NodeMCU Wi-Fi module) microprocessor
that reads the measurements and transfers the data to
the PC.
2) NodeMCU act as a Wi-Fi module in this
project it helps to transfer the data. It plays a role of
Arduino UNO to in this setup
3) Installing a network of sensors and other
gadgets in the area where milk is produced and
processed. Both these devices and a central hub or
server should be able to communicate with one another.
4) On a circuit board three sensors such as fat
sensor module, temperature sensor (DSB1820) and pH
sensor will be mounted in the device. It helps to know
the temperature, fat and pH of the Milk sample.
5) Using the IoT network's NodeMCU to collect
data from sensors and gadgets. This information might
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relate to the temperature, pH, and fat content of the
milk sample.
6) The details are stored in the cloud and the user
is notified with the IOT remote application which has
the same credentials. The microcontroller will be
programmed to work with this data while the cloud will
be used to output the signals to the beneficiary.
7) Temperature sensors: These can be utilized to
determine the milk's temperature during transportation
and storage to ensure it is kept at the appropriate
temperature to prevent spoilage.
8) pH sensors: These can be used to measure the
acidity of the milk, which can indicate the presence of
certain types of bacteria.
9) The pH Sensor, a glass bulb that is pH-
sensitive and changes voltage appropriately to
hydrogen ion concentration is used in the sensor
system. The glass bulb's voltage is measured by a
sensor electrode.
10) Fat sensors: These can be used to determine
the fat contented of the milk, which can indicate the
quality of the milk. In the fat sensor module is mounted
with the help of Laser and LDR sensor it works on the
principle that acts as a fat sensor module.
11) Each sensor is tested individually by providing
Ap the desired input. Temperature, Fat and pH value of the
milk is tested by this prototype. The milk quality
monitoring system is optimized by testing it with the
various milk sample.
Fig. 2. Experimental model.
III. WORKING
1) The setup is fully Prepared in the
ArduinoIDE software it is free to use and easy to create
the dashboard. Program Coding for the Project is
uploaded in this software and its verified.
2) The sample is placed between the fat
sensor module for the analysis. The change in
conductivity can be converted into an output signal that
reflects the gas concentration using a straightforward
electrical circuit.
3) Temperature sensor and pH Sensor
probe has to inserted in the milk sample to
analyse the milk.
4) The module is connected with the
USB cable to the power source and wifi module is
connected with the Hotspot.
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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems (ICSCSS 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DJ3-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-3360-2
5) There is a Mobile Application called
'IOT Remote’ is available in the Playstore. After
entering the login credentials can get into this account.
The pH, Fat and Temperature value were shown in this
application.
The comparison of the microbiological analysis
and IOT method includes a microorganism's presence
that is unusual for milk, such as bacterium. This can be
used to check for the presence of pathogens or
spoilage organisms that could be caused by sloppy
sanitation or other issues. This involves testing the
milk for the presence of bacteria or other
microorganisms that may indicate that the milk is
spoiled or has been adulterated. Near-infrared
spectroscopy (NIRS) and dielectric spectroscopy are
sensors that may identify the presence of extra water.
IoT (Internet of Things) sensor use Real-time
monitoring and analysis of milk quality are now
feasible thanks to Internet of Things (IoT) sensors,
which are devices that can gather and send data over a
network. To find adulterated milk, sensor-based
detection techniques have been developed. These
techniques employ sensors that are capable of
identifying particular chemical elements or physical
characteristics in milk that are suggestive of
adulteration. Using sensors that can detect the
presence of extra water is a frequent way to find milk
that has been adulterated. Water is frequently added to
milk to enhance its volume and, thus, the milk seller's
profit margin.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The developed prototype consists of a sensor
chamber in which three sensors along with
temperature sensor is present. There is a power
supply to provide each of the units with the required
voltages. In order to establish the milk's quality, need
to determine its temperature, pH, and fat. The
consistency of milk is mostly determined by the pH
level of the milk, which is measured by a pH sensor.
It would be possible to identify trends and potential
issues with milk quality by analysing data collected
from sensors and devices. The microcontroller will
be programmed to work with this data while the cloud
will be used to output the signals to the beneficiary.
Fig. 3. Testing of Milk Sample and Result
From the Fig. 3, it is inferred that the testing of the
standardized milk and its result shown in the Arduino
IDE application Dashboard. The milk quality
monitoring system is optimized by testing it with the
various milk sample.
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Authorized licensed use limited to: J.R.D. Tata Memorial Library Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru. Downloaded on February 26,2024 at 05:35:37 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
V. CONCLUSION
The way to monitor milk quality and spot
adulteration might be completely changed by IoT
technology. The Real-time data on a variety of factors,
including pH, fat content, and temperature, may be
collected using IoT devices, such as sensors. Once this
information has been examined, it may be utilized to
look for possible issues like bacterial contamination or
adulteration. In order to establish the milk's quality,
need to determine its temperature, pH, and fat. The
consistency of milk is mostly determined by the pH
level of the milk, which is measured by a pH sensor.
The temperature, fat and pH values were stored in the
cloud and shows the information in IOT remote
application.
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