Geometry Grade 8

Chapter 1: Triangles

Section 1: Definitions and Classification of Triangles

(G50) 1. ∆ABC is isosceles with AB ≅ AC .

a. Name the base angles.
b. Name the vertex.

(G51) 2. Classify each of the following triangles.

a. b.

c. d.

5
a

4 3
a

e.

120º

(G52) 3. Complete each of the following by “always, sometimes, or never”.

a. A scalene triangle can be an isosceles triangle. ………………….
b. An isosceles triangle can be a scalene triangle. ………………….
c. An equilateral triangle is isosceles. ………………….
d. An isosceles triangle can be equilateral. ………………….

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G53) 4. Consider the figure below.

A

B E

C D

a. Shade: {Interior of ∆ACD ∩ interior of ∆ABE}.

b. Name a point interior to ∆ACD.
c. Name a point exterior to ∆ABC.

(G54) 5. [G] Refer to the figure below to answer the question.

J D

H K F O

In the above figure, ∆HJK is isosceles while ∆DFO is right.

Which of the following is true?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. In ∆DFO, FD is referred to as a hypotenuse.
2. In ∆HJK, HK is referred to as a base.
3. In ∆HJK, ∠K is referred to as the vertex angle.
4. In ∆HJK, ∠H and ∠K are referred to as base angles.

5. In ∆DFO, OD is referred to as a hypotenuse.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G55) 6. In the figure below, ∆XYZ ≅ ∆XTZ.


→ 
→
Prove that XZ bisects ∠YXT and ZX bisects ∠YZT.
X

1 4

Y T
2 3
Z

Statement Reason
1. ∆XYZ ≅ ∆XTZ 1.
2. ∠1 ≅ ∠4 2.

→
3. XZ bisects ∠YXT 3.
4. ∠2 ≅ ∠3 4.

→
5. ZX bisects ∠YZT 5.

Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. The reason to Statement 1 is “Given.”
2. The reason to Statement 2 is “Definition of congruent angles.”
3. The reason to Statement 3 is “Definition of angle bisector.”
4. The reason to Statement 4 is “Corresponding angles of congruent triangles
are congruent.”
5. The reason to Statement 5 is “Definition of angle bisector.”

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 Geometry Grade 8

Section 2: Congruent Triangles

(G56) 7. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.
M

Q P

Given: ∆QMN ≅ ∆PMN

Prove: NM bisects ∠QMP and NM bisects ∠QNP.

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. ∆QMN ≅ ∆PMN 1. Given

2. ∠QMN ≅ ∠PMN
2.
∠QNM ≅ ∠PNM

3. NM bisects ∠QMP and ∠QNP 3.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G57) 8. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF, ∆DEF ≅ ∆KLM, and ∆ABC is isosceles with vertex
∠A.
Prove: ∆KLM is isosceles.

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF 1. Given

2. ∆DEF ≅ ∆KLM 2. Given

3. ∆ABC ≅ ∆KLM 3.

4. ∆ABC is isosceles with vertex ∠A 4.

5. AB = AC 5.

6. AB = KL, AC = KM 6.

7. KL = KM 7.

8. ∆KLM is isosceles with vertex ∠K 8.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G58) 9. [G] In the figure below, ∆XYZ ≅ ∆XTZ.


→ 
→
Prove that XZ bisects ∠YXT and ZX bisects ∠YZT.
X

1 4

Y T
2 3
Z

Statement Reason
1. ∆XYZ ≅ ∆XTZ 1.
2. ∠1 ≅ ∠4 2.

→
3. XZ bisects ∠YXT 3.
4. ∠2 ≅ ∠3 4.

→
5. ZX bisects ∠YZT 5.

Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. The reason to Statement 1 is “Given.”
2. The reason to Statement 2 is “Definition of congruent angles.”
3. The reason to Statement 3 is “Definition of angle bisector.”
4. The reason to Statement 4 is “Corresponding angles of congruent triangles
are congruent.”
5. The reason to Statement 5 is “Definition of angle bisector.”

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G59) 10. [G] Refer to the figure below to answer the question.
P

25
7

38°
Q O
24
Which of the following must be true if ∆ABD ≅ ∆PQO?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. ∆ABD is a right triangle.
2. AB = 25
3. AD = 7
4. BD = 7
5. ∠A is right angle.
6. m∠B = 38°

(T28) 11. [G] Refer to the diagram below. Some quadrilateral MNOP is congruent to
the quadrilateral ABCD.
B C
105°

75°
A D
Fill in the blanks.
NO = _________ and m∠O = _____°.

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 Geometry Grade 8

Section 3: SAS Postulate, ASA and SSS Theorems

(G60) 12. Consider the figure below.

30°
30° 30°

A B D E

Which triangle is congruent to ∆BIE? Explain your answer.

(G61) 13. Consider the figure below.

D C
45° 60°

60° 45°
A B

Which two triangles are congruent by ASA theorem? Explain your answer.

(G62) 14. In the figure below, AB ≅ MN , BC ≅ NQ , and CA ≅ QM .

A M

B C N Q
a. What can we say about the two triangles ABC and MNQ?
b. If m∠C = 70°, m∠Q = (6x + 10)°, find x.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G63) 15. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

M

Q N

P

→
Given: ∆MNP is isosceles with base PM , NP ≅ QP , PM bisects ∠QPN.
Prove: ∆MQP is isosceles.

Proof:

Statement Reason

→
1. NP ≅ QP , PM bisects ∠QPN 1. Given

2. ∠QPM ≅ ∠NPM 2.

3. PM ≅ PM 3.

4. ∆QPM ≅ ∆NPM 4.

5. QM ≅ MN 5.

6. ∆MNP is isosceles 6.

7. NP ≅ MN 7.

8. QP ≅ QM 8.

9. ∆MQP is isosceles 9.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G64) 16. ∆ABC is equilateral with m∠B = 60°.

A

B 60° C

Find m∠A.
(G65) 17. ∆ABC is equiangular with AB = 10.
A

10

B C
Find AC.

(G66) 18. Consider the figure below.

E

F M G

∆EFG is isosceles with base FG .

Which two triangles are congruent by SSS theorem? Explain.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G67) 19. Given that ∆ABC and ∆MQN are isosceles with vertices A and M
respectively.
∠B ≅ ∠N, m∠C = 70°, and m∠Q = (6x + 10)°. Find x.

A M

B C N Q

(G68) 20. Complete the following proof. A

Given: ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle with vertex
B.
M 1 B
M is the midpoint of AC . 2
Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2
C

Statement Reason

1) ∆ABC is isosceles with vertex B 1)

2) BA ≅ BC 2)

3) M is the midpoint of AC 3)

4) MA ≅ MC 4)

5) MB ≅ MB 5)

6) ∆AMB ≅ ∆CMB 6)

7) ∠1 ≅ ∠2 7)

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G69) 21. [G] Refer to the figure below to answer the question.
W

65°
32° 32°

X Y Z V

Which of the following must be true?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. ∆XWY ≅ ∆VWZ by the SAS postulate.
2. ∆XWZ ≅ ∆VWY by the SAS postulate.
3. ∆XWY ≅ ∆ZWY by the SAS postulate.
4. ∆XWZ ≅ ∆VWY by the ASA theorem.
5. ∆XWZ ≅ ∆VZW by the SAS postulate.

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 Geometry Grade 8

Chapter 2: Writing up Proofs

Section 1: More Use of Direct Reasoning

(G89) 1. Fill the reason that justifies each statement.
Prove the following theorem: Complements of congruent angles are
congruent.

a b
c d

Proof:

Statement Reason

1) ∠a ≅ ∠b Given

2) m∠a = m∠b

3) ∠a and ∠c are complementary Given

4) ∠b and ∠d are complementary Given

5) m∠a + m∠c = 90°

6) m∠b + m∠d = 90°

7) m∠a + m∠c = m∠b + m∠d

8) m∠c = m∠d

9) ∠c ≅ ∠d

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G90) 2. Fill the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary, ∠1 and ∠3 are complementary, and
∠3 and ∠4 are complementary.
Prove: ∠4 and ∠2 are supplementary.

Proof:
Statements Reasons
a) Ð1 and Ð3 are complementary
a) Given
Ð3 and Ð4 are complementary

b) Ð1 ≅ Ð4 b)

c) mÐ1 = mÐ4 c)

d) Ð1 and Ð2 are supplementary d) Given

e) mÐ1 + mÐ2 = 180° e)

f) mÐ4 + mÐ2 = 180° f)

g) Ð2 and Ð4 are supplementary g)

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G91) 3. Fill the reason that justifies each statement.

Prove the following theorem: Vertical angles are congruent.

• •
D C
b
c a
A
• •
E B
Proof:

Statements Reasons

1) ∠a and ∠c are vertical angles Given


→ 
→
2) AB and AD are opposite rays Definition of vertical angles


→ 
→
3) AC and AE are opposite rays

4) ∠a and ∠b form a linear pair

5) ∠a and ∠b are supplementary

6) ∠c and ∠b form a linear pair

7) ∠c and ∠b are supplementary

8) ∠a ≅ ∠c

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G92) 4. Fill the reason that justifies each statement.


→ 
→
Given: AP bisects ∠MAQ and AR bisects ∠NAQ.
N M
A
R P

Prove: ∠RAQ ≅ ∠PAQ

Proof:

Statement Reason

→ 
→
1) AP bisects ∠MAQ and AR bisects 1) Given
∠NAQ.

2) ∠MAP ≅ ∠PAQ and ∠NAR ≅ ∠RAQ 2)

3) m∠MAP = m∠PAQ and m∠NAR =

3)
m∠RAQ

4) ∠NAR ≅ ∠MAP 4)

5) m∠NAR = m∠MAP 5)

6) m∠RAQ = m∠PAQ 6)

7) ∠RAQ ≅ ∠PAQ 7)

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G93) 5. Fill the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: ∠1 and ∠3 are supplementary.
A

E 1 2 3
• B C
•F

Prove: ∆ABC is isosceles.

Proof:

Statements Reasons

a) Ð1 and Ð3 are supplementary a) Given

b) ∠1 and ∠2 form a linear pair b)

c) Ð1 and Ð2 are supplementary c)

d) Ð3 ≅ Ð2 d)

e) ∆ABC is isosceles e)

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G94) 6. Fill the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: ∠A and ∠B are complementary.
Prove: ∠A is acute.

Proof:

Statement Reason

1) ∠A and ∠B are complementary Given

2) m∠A + m∠B = 90°

3) m∠B = 90° − m∠A

4) m∠B > 0

5) 90° − m∠A > 0

6) 90° > m∠A

7) ∠A is acute

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G95) 7. Fill the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: ∠1 ≅ ∠2.
A

2 1
B C

Prove: ∆ABC is isosceles.

Proof:

Statements Reasons

a) Ð1 @ Ð2 a) Given

b) Ð2 and ÐABC form a linear pair, Ð1

b) Given
and ÐACB form a linear pair
c) ∠2 and ∠ABC are supplementary and
c)
∠ACB and ∠1 are supplementary

d) ÐACB ≅ ÐABC d)

e) ∆ABC is isosceles e)

(G96) 8. Given that ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary; m∠1 = (3x + 50)° and
m∠3 = (5x + 10)°.

2
3
1

Find x. Give reasons for all steps of the solution.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G97) 9. Complete the following proof.

Given: ∠ABC and ∠EFD are right angles, ∠1 ≅ ∠2, and DF ≅ BC .
A E

2 3 4 1
B D C F
Prove: AB ≅ EF .

Proof:

Statements Reasons

a) ∠ABC and ∠EFD are right angles a) __________________________

b) ∠ABC ≅ ∠EFD b) __________________________

c) ∠2 and ∠3 form a linear pair

∠1 and ∠4 form a linear pair c) __________________________

d) ∠2 and ∠3 are supplementary

∠1 and ∠4 are supplementary d) __________________________

e) ∠1 ≅ ∠2 e) __________________________

f) ∠3 ≅ ∠4 f) __________________________

g) BC ≅ DF g) __________________________

h) ∆ABC ≅ ∆EFD h) __________________________

i) AB ≅ EF i) __________________________

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G98) 10. [G] Given X, Z, and U are collinear and so are Y, Z, and V. Also given,
XZ ≅ VZ and YZ ≅ UZ .
Prove that ∠Y ≅ ∠U.
V

U
2
X Z
1

Y
Statement Reason
1. XZ ≅ VZ and YZ ≅ UZ 1.
X, Z, and U are collinear
2. 2.
Y, Z, and V are collinear
3. ∠1 and ∠2 are vertical angles 3.
4. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 4.
5. ∆XYZ ≅ ∆VUZ 5.
6. ∠Y ≅ ∠U 6.

Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. The reason to Statement 1 is “Given.”
2. The reason to Statement 3 is “Definition of vertical angles.”
3. The reason to Statement 4 is “Vertically opposite angles are
congruent.”
4. The reason to Statement 5 is “SAS Postulate.”
5. The reason to Statement 6 is “Definition of congruent angles.”

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G99) 11. [G] In the figure below, G, O, and K are collinear and so are J, O, and H.
Prove that ∠2 ≅ ∠3.
G H

3
O 1
2

J K

Statement Reason
G, O, and K are collinear
1. 1.
J, O, and H are collinear
∠1 and ∠2 form a linear pair
2. 2.
∠1 and ∠3 form a linear pair
∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary
3. 3.
∠1 and ∠3 are supplementary
4. ∠2 ≅ ∠3 4.

Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. The reason to Statement 1 is “Given.”
2. The reason to Statement 2 is “Definition of a linear pair.”
3. The reason to Statement 3 is “Angles in a linear pair are supplementary.”
4. The reason to Statement 4 is “Supplements of the same angle are congruent.”
5. The reason to Statement 4 is “Definition of supplementary angles.”

(G100) 12. Given ∠A and ∠B are both supplements of ∠1.

Find x if m∠A = (2x + 33)° and m∠B = (5x − 15)°.
(G101) 13. Given ∠M ≅ ∠N, ∠X is the complement of ∠M, and ∠Y is the complement
of ∠N.
Give the value of x if m∠X = (3x − 15)° and m∠Y = 75°.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G102) 14. Refer to the figure.

(2x + 4)°
(4x + 1)°
(3x +13)° y°

What is the value of y?

←→ ←→
(T25) 15. [G] Refer to the diagram below. Given AC and BD are intersecting straight
lines.
A D
145°
x° y°

B C
Find the value of x + y.
^
(T27) 16. [G] Refer to the diagram below. The measure of ∠LON is 110°, the measure
of ∠MOK is 80°, and the measure of ∠KON is 160°.
L
M
K

N
O
What is the measure, in degrees, of ∠LOM?

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 Geometry Grade 8

Section 2: The Exterior Angle Theorem

(G103) 17. Fill the reason that justifies each statement.
Consider the figure drawn below.
E
D
C

A B
Prove: m∠EDA > m∠CAB .

Proof:

Statements Reasons

1. ∠EDA is exterior to ∆ADC 1.

2. m∠EDA > m∠DCA 2.

3. ∠DCA is exterior to ∆ACB 3.

4. m∠DCA > m∠CAB 4.

5. m∠EDA > m∠CAB 5.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G104) 18. Fill the reason that justifies each statement.

Consider the figure drawn below.
R

A
M Q
Given: m∠AMR = 90°.
Prove: m∠MRQ < 90°.

Proof:

Statements Reasons

a) ∠AMR is exterior to ∆QMR a)

b) m∠AMR = 90o b)

c) m∠AMR > m∠MRQ c)

d)m∠MRQ < 90° d)

(G105) 19. Refer to the figure below.

5 R
4

Q3
P 1 2

Name the exterior angles of ∆PQR.

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 Geometry Grade 8

Section 3: Indirect Proofs

(G106) 20. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.
Given: AB > BC.

•
A •
B •
C
Prove: B is not the midpoint of AC .

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. AB > BC 1. Given

2. Assume B is the midpoint of AC 2.

3. AB ≅ BC 3.

4. AB = BC 4. Definition of congruent segments

5. There is a contradiction 5.

6. Hence, B is not the midpoint of AC

because_______________________________________________________________

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G107) 21. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: ∠B ≅/ ∠C .
A

B C
Prove: AB ≅/ AC

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. ∠B ≅/ ∠C 1. Given

2. Assume AB ≅ AC 2.

3. ∆ABC is isosceles with vertex at A 3.

4. ∠B ≅ ∠C 4.

5. There is a contradiction 5.

6. Hence, AB ≅/ AC because
______________________________________________________________

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G108) 22. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: M is the midpoint of AB , CA ≠ CB.
C

A M B
Prove: ∠CMA is not a right angle.
Proof:

Statement Reason

1. Assume ∠CMA is a right angle 1.

2. ∠CMB is a right angle 2.

3. ∠CMB ≅ ∠CMA 3.

4. M is the midpoint of AB 4. Given

5. AM ≅ MB 5.

6. Reflexive Property of congruent

6. CM ≅ CM figures

7. ∆ACM ≅ ∆BCM 7.

8. CA ≅ CB 8.

9. Congruent segments have equal

9. CA = CB
lengths

10. CA ≠ CB 10. Given

11. There is a contradiction 11.

12. Hence, ∠CMA is not a right angle because

__________________________________________________________________

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G109) 23. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: ∠2 is not a right angle.

1 2

Prove: ∠1 is not a right angle.

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. Assume ∠1 is a right angle 1.

2. ∠1 and ∠2 form a linear pair 2.

3. ∠2 is a right angle 3.

4.∠2 is not a right angle 4. Given

5. There is a contradiction 5.

6. Hence, ∠1 is not a right angle because

___________________________________________________________

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 Geometry Grade 8

Chapter 3: Perpendicular and Parallel Lines

Section 1: Perpendicular Lines

(G110) 1. Given:  ⊥ m
l

2 1

3 m
4

Prove: ∠ 1, ∠ 2, ∠ 3, and ∠ 4 are right angles.

(G111) 2. Consider the diagram below.

P
• •A
1 3
• M
N 2 4
• •B
Q

→ 
→
Given: MN ⊥ AB and ∠3 ≅ ∠4

Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G112) 3. Given: ∆ABC is equilateral and M is the midpoint of BC .

A

B M C

Prove: AM ⊥ BC

(G113) 4. Given: ∠1 is right.

2 1
B •
C D

Prove: ∠2 is not right.


→
(G114) 5. In the figure below, t ⊥ l and OM bisects ∠AOC.
l
C
M (5x)°
(3x + y)°

A O B t

Find the value of x and y.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G115) 6. Given line h is perpendicular to line d.

h
G
d
W O X

H
Which of the following is true?
Select all that applies and enter their labels in ascending order.
1. h is not perpendicular to WX .

→
2. d is perpendicular to GH .

→
3. h is perpendicular to WX .
4. WX is not perpendicular to GH .
5. GH is perpendicular to GX .

(G116) 7. Refer to the figure to answer the question.

t

m (x + 35)°
(x + 5y)° (z + y)°

What is the value of z?

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 Geometry Grade 8

Section 2: Medians, Altitudes, Angle Bisectors, and Perpendicular Bisectors

←→
(G117) 8. Given: MS is the perpendicular bisector of RQ, RP ≅ NQ .

S Q
R

P N

M
Prove: MP ≅ MN

(G118) 9. Given: A and M are equidistant from B and C.

←→
Prove: AM is the perpendicular bisector of BC.

B S C

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G119) 10. [G] Given t is the perpendicular bisector of KM .

Prove that ∠1 ≅ ∠2.
t

1 2

K L M

Statement Reason
1. t is the perpendicular bisector of KM 1.
2. FK = FM and EK = EM 2.
3. FK ≅ FM and EK ≅ EM 3.
4. FE ≅ FE 4.
5. ∆FKE ≅ ∆FME 5.
6. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 6.

Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. The reason to Statement 1 is “Given.”
2. The reason to Statement 2 is “Points on the perpendicular bisector of a
segment are equidistant from the endpoints of this segment.”
3. The reason to Statement 3 is “Definition of congruent segments.”
4. The reason to Statement 4 is “Reflexive property of congruence.”
5. The reason to Statement 6 is “Corresponding parts of congruent
triangles are congruent.”

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G120) 11. [G] Refer to the figure below to answer the question.
J
7
K
7
L
14

M
20°20°
14

H G
Which of the following is true?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. GK is a median in ∆GLJ.
2. GL is a median in ∆GMJ.
3. GM is a median in ∆GHK.
4. GK is an angle bisector in ∆GLJ.

5. GL is an angle bisector in ∆GHJ.

(G121) 12. Refer to the figure below.

A

N
H

B
P
C
Name a median, an angle bisector, an altitude of ∆ABC?

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G122) 13. Refer to the figure to answer the question.

P

15 w

12 z
Q H S
x 10

y 14

R
What is the value of y + x?

(T42) 14. [G] Refer to the diagram below.

B
In the triangle ABC, AC = AB and CB = 2AX.
What is the measure, in degrees, of angle B?
Enter only a number for your answer.

Grade 8 | 36
 Geometry Grade 8

Section 3: Parallels and Transversals

(G123) 15. a. Write the definition of parallel lines.

b. Write the definition of a transversal of two coplanar lines.

(G124) 2. In the figure below, t is a transversal to the two lines m and n.

t
n
10 9
14

6
7 8 5 3 2
m

a. Name a pair of corresponding angles.

b. Name a pair of alternate interior angles.

(G125) 16. [G] Refer to the figure below to answer the question.

f
4 5

3
d
2

1
e

j
Which of the following must be true?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. ∠1 and ∠2 are alternate interior angles.
2. ∠3 and ∠5 are alternate interior angles.
3. ∠4 and ∠5 are alternate interior angles.
4. ∠2 and ∠3 are corresponding angles.
5. ∠1 and ∠5 are co-interior angles.

Grade 8 | 37
 Geometry Grade 8

Section 4: Lines that are Parallel

(G126) 17. Refer to the diagram below to answer the question.
M N

Q P

Given: MP and QN bisect each other.

Prove: MN // QP

(G127) 18. Refer to the diagram below to answer the question.

4 1
• D
C

2
• 3 B
A

Given: ∠1 ≅ ∠3
Prove: AB // CD

Grade 8 | 38
 Geometry Grade 8

(G128) 19. [G] Given HK and JG bisect each other.

Prove that HG is parallel to JK .
H
J

2 1
O

G
K

Statement Reason
1. HK and JG bisect each other 1.
2. O is the midpoint of HK and JG 2.
3. HO ≅ OK and JO ≅ OG 3.
4. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 4.
5. ∆HGO ≅ ∆KJO 5.
6. ∠H ≅ ∠K 6.
7. HG is parallel to JK 7.

Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. The reason to Statement 3 is “Property of midpoint.”
2. The reason to Statement 4 is “Vertical angles are congruent.”
3. The reason to Statement 5 is “SAS Theorem”
4. The reason to Statement 6 is “Vertical angles are congruent.”
5. The reason to Statement 7 is “Definition of parallel lines.”

Grade 8 | 39
 Geometry Grade 8

(G129) 20. [G] Given ∆PVU ≅ ∆QWU and ∠W is right.

Prove that PV is parallel to QW .
V
P

Q
W

Statement Reason
1. ∆PVU ≅ ∆QWU, ∠W is right 1. Given
2. m∠W = 90° 2.
3. ∠W ≅ ∠V 3.
4. m∠W = m∠V 4.
5. m∠V = 90° 5.
6. ∠V is right 6.
7. PV ⊥ VW and QW ⊥ VW 7.

8. PV is parallel to QW 8.

Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. The reason to Statement 2 is “Definition of a right angle.”
2. The reason to Statement 3 is “Corresponding parts of congruent triangles
are congruent.”
3. The reason to Statement 5 is “Substitution.”
4. The reason to Statement 7 is “Two intersecting lines that form four right
angles are perpendicular.”
5. The reason to Statement 8 is “Two lines perpendicular to the same line
are parallel.”

(G130) 21. In the diagram below, line n is parallel to line p.

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 Geometry Grade 8

50° n

(3x + 5)°
p

What is the value of x?

(G131) 22. In the diagram below, line n is parallel to line p.

(4x − 7)°
n

(3x + 21)°
p

What is the value of x?

(G132) 23. In the diagram below, line n is parallel to line p.

45° n

(3x + 15)°
p

What is the value of x?

Grade 8 | 41
 Geometry Grade 8

(T11) 24. Consider the diagram below.

O N

32°
D Q
y° E
B x° 40°
M
z° K
C

P Not drawn to scale

←→ ←→ ←→ ←→

MN is parallel to PQ . OBC and ODE are straight lines.
Find the values of x, y, and z.

(S76) 25.
F
u° v°
H
w° G
q°
^
In the figure above, lines H and G are parallel lines intersected by
secant F. If v = 35, what is the value of q?

Grade 8 | 42
 Geometry Grade 8

(T38) 26.
6 8
A 5 7 D

2 3
C 1 4 B
←→ ←→
Refer to the diagram above. Given AD // CB .
Are ∠3 and ∠7 supplementary? Explain.

(T39) 27. Refer to the diagram below.

70° m
y°
b°
40° n

Lines m and n are parallel. What is the value of b?

Section 5: The Parallel Lines Postulate

(G133) 28. Consider the diagram below.

m
1

2
n

Given: ∠1 and ∠2 are not supplementary.

Prove: m is not parallel to n.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G134) 29. Given:  // m, n // k

k n
1 4 5


2 3 m

Prove: ∠5 ≅ ∠2

(G135) 30. Given: n // k

k n
1 3
2 

Prove: ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary.

(G136) 31. Given: a // b and  ⊥ a



1
a

2 b

Prove:  ⊥ b

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G137) 32. Refer to the diagram below to answer the question.

Given: ∠1 ≅ ∠2 and t ^ m. t
1
Prove: t ^ n. m

2
n

(G138) 33. Find the value of x given that l // m. Show your work.

2x + 52°
m

2x
l

(G139) 34. Consider the figure below where m // l.

132°
m
(2x)°

y°
l

a. Find the value of x.

b. Find the value of y.

(G140) 35. [G] In the figure below, m // n.

m
6k°

4k° n

r
What is the value of k?

Grade 8 | 45
 Geometry Grade 8

(G141) 36. [G] In the figure below, m // n and r is NOT perpendicular to n.

m
2 1

3 n
4
r
If m∠3 = 68° and m∠1 = k°, then what must the value of k be?

Grade 8 | 46
 Geometry Grade 8

Chapter 4: Angle Sum Theorem and Applications

Section 1: Angles of a Triangle

(G142) 1. Find x in the following case.

2x

120°

(G143) 2. Consider the diagram below.

Given: ∠CEF ≅ ∠B
Prove: ∠EFC ≅ ∠A
A

B F C

(G144) 3. Prove that the acute angles of a right triangle are complementary.

(G145) 4. Given: ∠A ≅ ∠C , ∠ABD ≅ ∠BDC .

Prove: AD // BC .
A B

D C

Grade 8 | 47
 Geometry Grade 8

(G146) 5. [G] Refer to the figure below to answer the question.

7k°

3k° 10k°

What is the value of k?

(G147) 6. [G] Refer to the figure below to answer the question.

62°

k° 80°

What is the value of k?

(G148) 7. [G] Refer to the figure below to answer the question.

5k°

(k + 6)°

What is the value of k?

(G149) 8. If ∆PQR is right-angled at Q and m∠P = 33°, then m∠R = _______.

(G150) 9. If ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle, and m∠C = (2x − 34)°, then x = ______.

Grade 8 | 48
 Geometry Grade 8

(G151) 10. [G] In the figure below, W, X, and Y are collinear.

Prove that m∠3 = m∠1 + m∠4.
Y
4

X 2 1 Z
3

Statement Reason
1. W, X, and Y are collinear 1.
2. ∠2 and ∠3 form a linear pair 2.
3. ∠2 and ∠3 are supplementary 3.
4. m∠2 + m∠3 = 180° 4.
5. m∠1 + m∠2 + m∠4 = 180° 5.
6. m∠2 + m∠3 = m∠1 + m∠2 + m∠4 6.
7. m∠3 = m∠1 + m∠4 7.

Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. The reason to Statement 1 is “Points on opposite rays are collinear.”
2. The reason to Statement 2 is “Definition of a linear pair.”
3. The reason to Statement 3 is “Angles in a linear pair are
supplementary.”
4. The reason to Statement 4 is “Definition of supplementary angles.”
5. The reason to Statement 5 is “Angle sum theorem.”

Grade 8 | 49
 Geometry Grade 8

(T40) 11. [G] Refer to the diagram below (it is not drawn to the scale).
A

55°
x
E

45° 33°
B C D

What is the value of x?

Section 2: Polygons
(G152) 12. Refer to the diagram below to answer the questions.

a) How many sides does MNPQRS have? What is its type?

b) Give the names of all the diagonals that share M as an endpoint.
How many are there?
c) How many diagonals does MNPQRS have?
d) Is the polygon convex or concave?

(G153) 13. a) Find the measure of an interior angle of a regular octagon.

b) Find the number of sides of a regular polygon if the measure of one
exterior angle is 40°.
c) The measures of the exterior angles of a polygon are: x°, 2x°, 3x°, 4x°,
and 5x°. Find x.

Grade 8 | 50
 Geometry Grade 8

(G154) 14. Given: A regular hexagon ABCDEF.

Prove: ∠1 and ∠D are supplements.
A
1
F B

E C
D

(G155) 15. Complete the table below.

Number of sides Name of polygon
3
4
5 pentagon
6
7
8
9
10

(G156) 16. Which of the following are convex polygons?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

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 Geometry Grade 8

(T12) 17. The exterior angle of a regular polygon is 4x° and the interior angle is 8x°.
Calculate the number of sides of the polygon.

(T13) 18. In a regular polygon, the interior angle is 8 times the exterior angle.
a. How many sides does this polygon have?
b. Find the sum of the interior angles of this polygon.
(T14) 19. The diagram below shows an octagon. All sides are of the same length. Four
of the interior angles are each equal to 36°. The other four interior angles are
all equal.

x°

36°

Not drawn to scale

Find the value of x.

(T43) 20. [G] Three angles of a convex quadrilateral measure 130°, 130°, and 70°,
respectively.
Find the measure of the fourth angle.

(T44) 21. [G] The figure below is a regular hexagon.

x°

What is the value of x? Enter only a number for your answer.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(T45) 22. .

D
What is the sum of the measures, in degrees, of the angles of the convex
quadrilateral ABCD?
^

Grade 8 | 53
 Geometry Grade 8

Section 3: AAS and HL Congruence Theorems

(G157) 23. State the theorem or corollary that justifies each of the following.
a) ∠A ≅ ∠M , ∠P ≅ ∠B, AC ≅ MN ⇒ ∆ABC ≅ ∆MPN
b) ∠A and ∠M are right, BC ≅ PN and AC ≅ MN ⇒ ∆ABC ≅ ∆MPN

(G158) 24. Given: ∠KJI and ∠LIJ are right angles and JL ≅ KI .
Prove: ∆ JHI is isosceles.
J I

K L

(G159) 25. Given: An isosceles triangle MNP with vertex ∠M .

The altitudes PH and ND intersect at point S.
a) Draw the figure.
b) Prove: ∆NDP ≅ ∆PHN.
c) Prove: ∆SNP is isosceles.

(G160) 26. Refer to the figure below.

A

B D

Fill in the blank.

∆BAD ≅ ∆DCB by _________

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 Geometry Grade 8

Section 4: Inequalities in One Triangle

(G161) 27. Given: ∆ABC such that AB > AC. The bisector of ∠B intersects AC at
point D.
Prove: DB > DC .

(G162) 28. Given: ∆ABC , point D is between B and C such that AD = AC.
Prove: m∠C > m∠B .

(G163) 29. Given: ∆ABC with right angle at B.

Prove: AB < AC.

(G164) 30. Given ∆MNP , such that MN = 8.5, NP = 6.2, MP = y. Find all possible
values of y.

(G165) 31. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are 8, x, and 5, where x is a whole
number.
a) What is the smallest possible value of x?
b) What is the largest possible value of x?

Section 5: Inequalities in Two Triangles

(G166) 32. Given: AC bisects BD and m∠1 > m∠2 .

A B

2
1 E

D C

Prove: BC > DC .

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G167) 33. State the theorem that justifies each of the following:
A
D

B
C E F

a.=
AB DE=
, BC EF , and m∠E > m∠B , then DF > AC .
b.=
AC DF=, EF BC , and AB > DE , then m∠C > m∠F .

Grade 8 | 56
 Geometry Grade 8

Chapter 5: Parallelograms

Section 1: Quadrilaterals

(G1)
1. In a rectangle ABCD, m∠D = (2x + 30)°. Find x.
(G2) 2. In the figure below, ABCD is a square.
D A

3y – 5

C B
y+3
Find y.
(G3) 3. Fill in the reason that justifies each given statement.
Given: MNPQ is a trapezoid with MN // PQ , such that ∠Q ≅ ∠P.

M N

Q P

Prove: ∠M ≅ ∠N
Proof:

Statement Reason

1. MNPQ is a trapezoid with MN // PQ 1. Given

2. ∠M and ∠Q are supplementary 2.

3. ∠N and ∠P are supplementary 3.

4. ∠Q ≅ ∠P 4. Given

Grade 8 | 57
 Geometry Grade 8

5. ∠M ≅ ∠N 5.

(G4) 4. Fill in the reason that justifies each given statement.

Given: ABCD is a rhombus
A

1 2

B D

C
Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. ABCD is a rhombus 1. Given

2. AB ≅ AD, BC ≅ DC 2.

3. AC ≅ AC 3. Reflexive property of congruent segments

4. ∆ABC ≅ ∆ADC 4.

5. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 5.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G5) 5. In the figure below, HGJF is a parallelogram.

H G
150°

x° (6y + x)°
F J

What is the value of x? y?

(G6) 6. Find x, knowing that 7x and 14x – 49 are the lengths of the sides of a rhombus.

Section 2: Properties of Parallelograms

(G7) 7. ABCD is a parallelogram such that its diagonals intersect at point O. Find x in
each of the following cases:
a. AO = 2x and OC = −2x + 12
b. DA = x and BC = −x + 6
c. m∠ADC = 25° and m∠ABC = (9x + 70)°
(G8) 8. Find x and y.
a.
M 2x + 20 N
y + 80
3y – 60
Q 3x P

b.
A B
y
x–y
8 6
D C

Grade 8 | 59
 Geometry Grade 8

(G9) 9. Fill in the reason that justifies each given statement.

Given: ABCD is a parallelogram with diagonals AC and BD .
A D
1 4
O

3 2
B C
Prove: AC and BD bisect each other.

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. ABCD is a parallelogram 1.

2. AD ≅ CB 2.

3. AD // BC 3.

4. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 and ∠4 ≅ ∠3 4.

5. ∆ADO ≅ ∆CBO 5.

6. AO ≅ CO, DO ≅ BO 6.

7. O is the midpoint of AC and BD 7.

8. AC and BD bisect each other 8.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G10) 10. Fill in the reason that justifies each given statement.

Given: ABCD is a parallelogram and AMCN is also a parallelogram.

A M D

B N C

Prove: BD and MN bisect each other.

Proof:

Statement Reason
1. ABCD is a parallelogram
1.
AMCN is a parallelogram
2. AC and BD bisect each other
2.
AC and MN bisect each other
3. AC and BD have the same midpoint
3.
AC and MN have the same midpoint

4. BD and MN have the same midpoint 4.

5. BD and MN bisect each other 5.

Grade 8 | 61
 Geometry Grade 8

(G11) 11. ABCD is a parallelogram.

A x + 4y B

x 40

D 88 C

What is the value of y?

(G12) 12. ABCD is a parallelogram.
A B
(2x)° 70°

(2x − 5y)° 110°

D C

What is the value of y?

(G13) 13. [G] ABCD is a parallelogram.
A B
40 x+y

45 O 2x

D C

What is the value of y?

Grade 8 | 62
 Geometry Grade 8

Section 3: Quadrilaterals that are Parallelograms

(G14) 14. Fill in the reason that justifies each given statement.

Given: MNPQ and ANPC are parallelograms.

P C

Q
N A

M
Prove: AMQC is a parallelogram.

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. MNPQ and ANPC are parallelograms 1.

2. MQ ≅ NP and NP ≅ AC 2.

3. MQ ≅ AC 3.

4. MQ // NP and NP // AC 4.

5. MQ // AC 5.

6. AMQC is a parallelogram 6.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G15) 15. Draw the figure and fill in the reason that justifies each given statement.
Given: A quadrilateral MICE such that MI // CE and ∠C ≅ ∠M .
Prove: MICE is a parallelogram.
Proof:

Statement Reason

1. MI // CE and ∠C ≅ ∠M 1. Given

2. ∠C and ∠I are supplementary

2.
∠M and ∠E are supplementary

3. ∠I ≅ ∠E 3.

4. MICE is a parallelogram 4.

Grade 8 | 64
 Geometry Grade 8

(G16) 16. Fill in the reason that justifies each given statement.
1 1
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram. AM = AD and NC = BC .
3 3
A M D

B N C
Prove: AMCN is a parallelogram.
Proof:

Statement Reason

1. ABCD is a parallelogram 1. Given

2. AD ≅ BC 2.

3. AD = BC 3.

1 1
4. AD = BC 4.
3 3
1 1
5. AM = AD and NC = BC 5.
3 3

6. AM = NC 6.

7. AM ≅ NC 7.

8. AM // NC 8.

9. AMCN is a parallelogram 9.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G17) 17. Draw the figure and fill in the reason that justifies each given statement.
Given: DEFG is a parallelogram. Point X is on DG and Y is on EF
such that XY bisects EG at point O.
Prove: XGYE is a parallelogram.
Proof:

Statement Reason

1. XY bisects EG at point O 1. Given

2. OG ≅ OE 2. Definition of segment bisector

3. ∠EOY ≅ ∠GOX 3.

4. DEFG is a parallelogram 4. Given

5. GD // FE 5. Definition of a parallelogram

6. ∠YEO ≅ ∠XGO 6.

7. ΔXOG ≅ ΔYOE 7.

8. OX ≅ OY 8.

9. EG bisects XY 9.

10. XGYE is a parallelogram 10.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G18) 18. Given: MNPQ and ANPC are parallelograms.

P C

Q
N A

Prove: AMQC is a parallelogram.

(G19) 19. [G] Which of the following conditions, by itself, is enough to ensure that the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. Both pairs of opposite sides are pairs of parallel sides.
2. Both pairs of opposite sides are pairs of congruent sides.
3. Its diagonals are perpendicular.
4. One pair of opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
5. One pair of opposite sides are parallel.
(G20) 20. Which of the following must be true for a quadrilateral to be a
parallelogram?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they
appear (ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. Its diagonals are angle bisectors.
2. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
3. All four angles are congruent.
4. Opposite angles are congruent.
5. Consecutive angles are congruent.
(G21) 21. Which of the following must be true for a quadrilateral to be a
parallelogram?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. Two of its opposite sides are parallel and the other two sides are
congruent.
2. Opposite sides are parallel.
3. Its diagonals are congruent.
4. All four sides are perpendicular.
5. Opposite sides are congruent.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G22) 22. [G] 4. Which of the following conditions, by itself, is enough to ensure that
the quadrilateral is a parallelogram?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. Both pairs of opposite angles are pairs of congruent angles.
2. One pair of opposite angles are congruent.
3. Both pairs of consecutive angles are pairs of supplementary angles.
4. One pair of consecutive angles are supplementary.
5. Three of its angles are right angles.

Grade 8 | 68
 Geometry Grade 8

Chapter 6: Trapezoids and Midsegment Theorem

Section 1: Midsegment Theorem

(G23) 1. Draw the figure and fill in the reason that justifies each reason.

Given a quadrilateral CDEF. Points X, Y, W, and Z are the midpoints of

CD, DE , FE , and FC , respectively. Show that XYWZ is a parallelogram.

Proof:

Statement Reason
1. X is the midpoint of DC
1. Given
Z is the midpoint of CF
1
2. XZ // DF and XZ = DF 2.
2
3. Y is the midpoint of DE
3. Given
W is the midpoint of EF
1
4. YW // DF and YW = DF 4.
2

5. XZ // YW 5.

6. XZ = YW 6. Substitution

7. XZ ≅ YW 7.

8. XZWY is a parallelogram 8.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G24) 2. Draw the figure and fill in the reason that justifies each statement.
Given a square MNPQ whose diagonals intersect at point I. A, B, C, and D are
the midpoints of MI , NI , PI , and IQ , respectively. Show that ABCD is a
rhombus.

Proof:

Statement Reason
1 1.
1. AB = MN
2
1
DC = QP
2
1
AD = QM
2
1
BC = PN
2

2. MN = QP = QM = PN 2.

1 1 1 1
3. =MN = QP =
QM PN
2 2 2 2 3.

4. AB = DC = AD = BC 4.

5. ABCD is a rhombus 5.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G25) 3. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given:  // m // n; AB ≅ BC

D
A 

E G m
B

F H
n
C

1
Prove: EG = FH
2
Proof:

Statement Reason

1.  // m // n; AB ≅ BC 1.

2. DE ≅ EF 2.

3. E is the midpoint of DF 3.

4. G is the midpoint of DH 4.

1
5. EG = FH 5.
2

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G26) 4. Find y in each of the following.

a. b.

2 3
2.5 3 1
y 2   y−4
2
3
2

(G27) 5. Find x.
a. b.

3x 3 m 4
6
9x − 24 3 m 4
3x − 3

Section 2: Trapezoids
(G28) 6. Use the diagram to answer the questions.

S P

125°
R Q

a. What is the nature of the quadrilateral PQRS?

b. What is the measure of ∠RSP?

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G29) 7. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Prove the theorem: each pair of base angles of an isosceles trapezoid
forms two congruent angles.

A D

B C
M N
Given: ABCD is a trapezoid with AB ≅ DC .

Prove: ∠B ≅ ∠C and ∠A ≅ ∠D.

Proof:

Statement Reason
1. Through a point not on a line there is
1. Draw AM ⊥ BC and DN ⊥ BC one perpendicular to the given line

2. AD // BC 2.

3. AM // DN 3.

4. AMND is a parallelogram 4.

5. AM ≅ DN 5.

6. AB ≅ CD 6. Given

7. ∆AMB ≅ ∆DNC 7.

8. ∠B ≅ ∠C 8.

∠A and ∠B are supplementary

9. ∠D and ∠C are supplementary 9.

10. ∠A ≅ ∠D 10.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G30) 8. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: MNPQ is a trapezoid with MN // QP and ∠Q ≅ ∠P.
M N

Q P

Prove: MNPQ is an isosceles trapezoid.

Proof:
Statement Reason
1. Through a point not on a line
1. Draw MH ⊥ PQ and NL ⊥ PQ there exists one perpendicular to
the line

2. MN // QP 2.

3. MH // NL 3.

4. MNLH is a parallelogram 4.

5. MH ≅ NL 5.

6. ∠P ≅ ∠Q 6. Given

7. Two perpendicular lines form 4

7. ∠PLN and ∠QHM are right
right angle

8. ∠PLN ≅ ∠QHM 8.

9. ∆MHQ ≅ ∆NLP 9.

10. MQ ≅ NP 10.

11. MNPQ is an isosceles trapezoid 11.

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G31) 9. ABCD is a trapezoid.

A B
34°

y° 56°
D C

What is the value of y?

(G32) 10. EFGH is an isosceles trapezoid with FG / / EH .

F 24 G

33 4x + 1

E 5x + 2 H
What is the value of x?

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 Geometry Grade 8

(G33) 11. ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid with BC / / AD .

B C
(2x + y)°

65° (2x + 5)°

A D
What is the value of y?

(G34) 12. XYZW is a trapezoid with YZ / / XW .

P is the midpoint of XY and R is the midpoint of ZW .
Y 23 Z

9 11
P R
11
9

X 25 W
What is the length of PR ?

(G35) 13. Given a quadrilateral HGJF with HG / / FJ .

H G

F J

Which of the following conditions, by itself, is enough to ensure that HGJF

is an isosceles trapezoid?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. HF = GJ
2. ∠H ≅ ∠G
3. ∠F ≅ ∠J
4. ∠F and ∠H are supplementary.
5. HF is not parallel to GJ .

Grade 8 | 76
 Geometry Grade 8

(G36) 14. [G] Given a quadrilateral HGJF with HG / / FJ .

H G

F J

Which of the following must be true for HGJF to be an isosceles trapezoid?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. FG bisects HJ .
2. ∠H ≅ ∠G
3. ∠F ≅ ∠J
4. ∠F and ∠H are supplementary.
5. FG ≅ HJ

(G37) 15. Given a quadrilateral XYZV with XY / /VZ . Also given, K is the midpoint of
XV and L is the midpoint of YZ .
X Y

K L

V Z

Which of the following can be concluded?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. KL is parallel to XY .
1
2.=KL ( XY + VZ )
2
1
3. KL = VZ
3
4. KL is parallel to VZ .
5. ∠V ≅ ∠Z

Grade 8 | 77
 Geometry Grade 8

Chapter 7: Rectangles, Rhombuses, and Squares

Section 1: Parallelograms that are Rectangles or Rhombuses

(G38) 1. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Prove the following theorem: A parallelogram with one right angle is a

rectangle.
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram with m∠B = 90°.
Prove: ABCD is a rectangle.
Proof:

Statement Reason

1. ABCD is a parallelogram, m∠B = 90° 1. Given

2. AD // BC 2.

3. m∠A + m∠B = 180° 3.

4. m∠A = 90° 4.

5. m∠C = m∠A , m∠D = m∠B 5.

6. m∠C = 90°, m∠D = 90° 6.

7. ABCD is a rectangle 7.

Grade 8 | 78
 Geometry Grade 8

(G39) 2. Draw the figure and fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: XYWZ is a quadrilateral such that the diagonals XW and YZ bisect

each other at point O and XO = OY.
Prove: XYWZ is a rectangle.
Proof:

Statement Reason
1. XYWZ is a quadrilateral with
1. Given
diagonals bisecting each other

2. XYWZ is a parallelogram 2.

3. XO = OY 3. Given

4. O is the midpoint of XW and YZ 4.

5. 2XO = 2OY 5. Multiplication property of equality

6. 2XO = XW, 2OY = ZY 6.

7. XW = ZY 7. Substitution

8. XW ≅ ZY 8.

9. XYWZ is a rectangle 9.

Grade 8 | 79
 Geometry Grade 8

(G40) 3. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: DF = 2OD; GE = 2OG; m∠1 = 90° .
E

D O F
1

G
Prove: DEFG is a rhombus.
Proof:

Statement Reason

1. DF = 2OD, GE = 2OG 1. Given

2. DF = DO + OF and GE = GO + OE 2. Definition of betweenness

3. DO + OF = 2OD and GO + OE = 2OG 3.

4. OF = OD and OE = OG 4. Simplification

5. O is the midpoint of DF and EG 5.

6. DF and EG bisect each other 6.

7. DEFG is a parallelogram 7.

8. m∠DOG = 90° 8. Given

9. DF ⊥ EG 9.

10. DEFG is a rhombus 10.

Grade 8 | 80
 Geometry Grade 8

(G41) 4. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: QM = MN; MN = QP and I is the midpoint of QN .

Q N
I

Prove: MNPQ is a rhombus.

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. QM = MN 1. Given

2. QMN is isosceles 2.

3. I is the midpoint of QN 3. Given

4. MI ⊥ QN 4.

5. MI is perpendicular bisector of QN 5.

6. PQ = PN 6.

7. MN = QP 7. Given

8. QM = MN = QP = PN 8.

9. MNPQ is a rhombus 9.

Grade 8 | 81
 Geometry Grade 8

(G42) 5. Use the figure and state the theorem justifying the following claims.
A B

O
D C
a. If ABCD is a parallelogram and m∠A = 90° , then ABCD is a rectangle.
b. If ABCD is a parallelogram and AC ≅ BD , then ABCD is a rectangle.
c. If ABCD is a parallelogram and m∠AOB = 90° , then ABCD is a rhombus.
(G43) 6. Which of the following conditions, by itself, is enough to ensure that the
parallelogram is a rhombus?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they
appear (ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. Its diagonals are perpendicular.
2. Its diagonals bisect the angles.
3. All four sides are congruent.
4. One of its angles is right.
5. One pair of consecutive sides are congruent.

(G44) 7. [G] Which of the following conditions, by itself, is enough to ensure that the
parallelogram is a rectangle?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they
appear (ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. Its diagonals bisect each other.
2. One of its angles is right.
3. Both pairs of consecutive angles are pairs of supplementary angles.
4. One pair of consecutive angles are supplementary.
5. Its diagonals are congruent.

Grade 8 | 82
 Geometry Grade 8

(G45) 8. Which of the following conditions, by itself, is enough to ensure that the
parallelogram is a rectangle?
Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
2. One pair of consecutive angles are supplementary.
3. One of its angles is right.
4. Its diagonals bisect each other.
5. Its diagonals are congruent.

Section 2: Application of Right and Isosceles Triangles

(G46) 9. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.
Given: M is the midpoint of BC , ∠BAC is right, and MD = MA.
A
D

B M C
Prove: ∠BDC is right.
Proof:

Statement Reason
1. M is the midpoint of BC and ∠BAC =
1.
90°
1
2. AM = BC 2.
2

3. MD = MA 3.

1
4. MD = BC 4.
2

5. ∠BDC is right 5.

Grade 8 | 83
 Geometry Grade 8

(G47) 10. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.


→ 
→
Given: BE bisects ∠ABM and CD bisects ∠QCA.

D is the midpoint of QA and E is the midpoint of AM .

N

B
C

Q D• A E M

Prove: ∠N ≅ ∠CAB
Proof:

Statement Reason

→
1. BE bisects ∠ABM 1.
E is the midpoint of AM

→
CD bisects ∠QCA
D is the midpoint of QA
2. ∆ABM is isosceles
2.
∆QCA is isosceles
3. ∠M ≅ ∠BAM
3.
∠Q ≅ ∠CAQ

4. m∠M + m∠Q + m∠N = 180° 4.

5. m∠BAM + m∠CAQ +
5.
m∠CAB = 180°
6. m∠M + m∠Q + m∠N
6. Substitution
= m∠BAM + m∠CAQ + m∠CAB
7. m∠M + m∠Q + m∠N
7.
= m∠M + m∠Q + m∠CAB

8. m∠N = m∠CAB 8. Simplification

9. ∠N ≅ ∠CAB 9. Definition of congruent angles

Grade 8 | 84
 Geometry Grade 8

(G48) 11. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Prove the following theorem: If an angle bisector of a triangle is also an
altitude, then the triangle is isosceles.
Given: ∆ABC, ∠1 ≅ ∠2 , and AH is an altitude.
A

1
2

3 4
B H C
Prove: ∆ABC is isosceles.
Proof:

Statement Reason

1. ∠1 ≅ ∠2, AH is an altitude 1.

←→ ←→
2. AH ⊥ BC 2.

3. ∠3 and ∠4 are right angles 3.

4. ∠3 ≅ ∠4 4.

5. AH ≅ AH 5.

6. ∆AHB ≅ ∆AHC 6.

7. AB ≅ AC 7.

8. ∆ABC is isosceles 8.

Grade 8 | 85
 Geometry Grade 8

(G49) 12. a. NP = 6x + 8; MQ = 4x + 3. Find x.

N

P Q
b. AM = 6y; HM = 3x, and AC = x + 50. Find x and y.
A

B H C

(G50) 13. In ∆KLM, the angle bisector through L is also a median.

What is the length of KM if LK = 3y + 14, LM = 2y + 34, and KM = y + 2?
(G51) 14. [G] In the figure below, XYZ is a right triangle with right angle at Y and U is
the midpoint of XZ .

20
U
y−7

Z Y

Determine the value of y.

Grade 8 | 86
 Geometry Grade 8

Chapter 8: Similar Triangles

Section 1: Ratios and Proportions

(G52) 1. Solve for x.
x +1 3
a. =
5 4
x−4 7
b. =
2x +1 3
x + 3 2x − 1
c. =
6 5

a c
(G53) 2. Prove that for any numbers a, b, c, and d with bd ≠ 0, = and
b d
a −b c −d
= are equivalent.
b d

(G54) 3. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

AM CN
Given: =
MB ND
A M B
• • •

• • •
C N D

AM CN
Prove: =
AB CD
Proof:

Statement Reason
AM CN
1. = 1. Given
MB ND
MB ND
2. = 2.
AM CN
MB + AM ND + CN
3. = 3.
AM CN
AB CD
4. = 4.
AM CN
AM CN
5. = 5.
AB CD

Grade 8 | 87
 Geometry Grade 8

(G55) 4. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

BM DN
Given: =
BA DC
A M B
• • •

• • •
C N D
BM DN
Prove: =
MA NC
Proof:

Statement Reason
BM DN
1. = 1. Given
BA DC
BA DC
2. = 2.
BM DN
BA BM + MA
3. = and
BM BM
3.
DC DN + NC
=
DN DN
BM + MA DN + NC
4. = 4.
BM DN
MA NC
5. 1 + = 1+ 5.
BM DN
MA NC
6. = 6.
BM DN
BM DN
7. = 7.
MA NC

(G56) 5. The measures of the angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 1:2:3:4.
Find the measure of the largest angle.
(G57) 6. The ratio of the measures of two complementary angles is 2:3.
Find the measures of both angles.
(G58) 7. The geometric mean of two positive integers a and b is 27. Find all possible
values of a and b.

Grade 8 | 88
 Geometry Grade 8

(G59) x+ y
8. What is the value of if 50x = 60y?
x− y

Section 2: AA Postulate and Proportionality Theorem

(G60) 9. The diagram below, the two triangles ABC and PQR are similar. Given also,
∠C in triangle ABC is right.
A
P

4 cm 5 cm
8 cm

R Q
3 cm

C B
a. What is the nature of ∆PQR? Justify your answer.
b. Find the length of BC.
(G61) 10. Refer to the diagram below to answer the question.

x
2

5 8
y
6

Find x and y.

Grade 8 | 89
 Geometry Grade 8

(G62) 11. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: ∆MNP is right-angled at N.
Points X and Y belong to MP and MN , respectively, such that
XY ⊥ MN .
Prove: ∆MXY ∼ ∆MPN .
Proof:

Statement Reason

1. XY ⊥ MN , ∠N is right 1. Given

2. ∠XYM is right 2.

3. ∠XYM ≅ ∠N 3.

4. ∠M ≅ ∠M 4.

5. ∆MXY ≅ ∆MPN 5.

Grade 8 | 90
 Geometry Grade 8

(G63) 12. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: Trapezoid SMNQ shown below.
M D N

S T Q

MD DO
a. Prove =
TQ TO
Proof:

Statement Reason
 
1. MN // TQ 1. Given

2. ∠OQT ≅ ∠DMO 2.

3. ∠TOQ ≅ ∠MOD 3.

4. ∆QOT ~ ∆MOD 4.

MD DO
5. = 5.
TQ TO

MD NO
b. Prove =
TQ OS
Statement Reason
 
1. DN // ST 1. Given

2. ∠DNO ≅ ∠OST 2.

3. ∠DON ≅ ∠SOT 3. Vertical angles are congruent

4. ∆DON ~ ∆TOS 4.

Grade 8 | 91
 Geometry Grade 8

NO DO
5. = 5.
OS OT
MD DO
6. = 6.
TQ TO
MD NO
7. = 7. Transitive Property
TQ OS

(G64) 13. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: ∆ABC is an isosceles with vertex A.
∆DEF is an isosceles with vertex D, and ∠A ≅ ∠D.
Prove: ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF
Proof:

Statement Reason

1. ∆ABC and ∆DEF are two isosceles

1. Given
triangles

2. ∠A ≅ ∠D 2. Given

3. ∠B ≅ ∠C and ∠E ≅ ∠F 3.

4. m∠A + m∠B + m∠C = 180°

4.
m∠D + m∠E + m∠F = 180°

5. 2m∠B = 180° – m∠A

5.
2m∠E = 180° – m∠D

6. 2m∠B = 2m∠E 6.

7. m∠B = m∠E 7.

8. ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF 8.

(G65) 14. If polygon ABCDE is similar to polygon PQRST, m∠A = (x – 40)°,

m∠B = 120°, and m∠Q = (x + 40)°, then x = _______________.

Grade 8 | 92
 Geometry Grade 8

(G66) 15. Refer to the figure below.

A

8 12

D E
4 x
B C
Find the value of x.

Section 3: . SAS and SSS Similarity Theorems

(G67) 16.
T

P
10
6
5 3

M 4 N R 8 S
Are the two triangles PMN and TRS in the figure above similar? Why?

Grade 8 | 93
 Geometry Grade 8

(G68) 17. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

XM MY
Given: =
MZ MW
X Y

W Z

Prove: XY // WZ
Proof:

Statement Reason
XM MY
1. = 1. Given
MZ MW

2. ∠XMY ≅ ∠WMZ 2.

3. ∆MXY ~ ∆MZW 3.

4. ∠W ≅ ∠Y 4.

5. XY // WZ 5.

(G69) 18. Refer to the figure below.

A
D

18 21 6 7

E x F
B 18 C

Fill in the blank.

What must the value of x be for the two triangles to be similar by the SSS
similarity theorem?

Grade 8 | 94
 Geometry Grade 8

(G70) 19. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: AB // EF and BC // DF
A D

B F
O

C E

Prove: AC // DE
Proof:

Statement Reason

1. AB // EF and BC // DF 1. Given

2. ∠ABO ≅ ∠OFE and ∠CBO ≅ ∠OFD 2.

3. ∠AOB ≅ ∠EOF and ∠COB ≅ ∠DOF 3.

4. ∆ABO ~ ∆EFO and ∆BCO ~ ∆FDO 4.

AO BO CO BO
5. = and = 5.
EO FO DO FO
CO AO
6. = 6. Transitive Property
DO EO

7. ∠AOC ≅ ∠DOE 7.

8. ∆AOC ~ ∆EOD 8.

9. ∠OAC ≅ ∠OED 9.

10. AC // DE 10.

Grade 8 | 95
 Geometry Grade 8

(G71) 20. Fill in the reason that justifies each statement.

Given: XY // DE , YZ // EF , XZ // DF .
D
X

O
Y Z
E F

Prove: ∆XYZ ∼ ∆DEF

Proof:

Statement Reason

1. XY // DE , YZ // EF , XZ // DF 1. Given

∠OYX ≅ ∠OED, ∠OYZ ≅ ∠OEF ,

2.
∠OXY ≅ ∠ODE , and ∠OXZ ≅ ∠ODF 2.

3. m∠DEF = m∠DEO + m∠OEF,

m∠XYZ = m∠XYO + m∠OYZ,
3.
m∠EDF = m∠ODE + m∠ODF,
and m∠YXZ = m∠OXY + m∠OXZ
4. m∠DEF = m∠XYZ and m∠EDF =
4.
m∠YXZ

5. ∠DEF ≅ ∠XYZ and ∠EDF ≅ ∠YXZ 5.

6. ∆XYZ ∼ ∆DEF 6.

Grade 8 | 96
 Geometry Grade 8

(G72) 21. Refer to the figure below to answer the question.

A M

R Q

N
B T P
S
C

Given that ∆ABC  ∆MNP.

=
If AB 5,= =
MN 2.5, and BR 3, find NQ.
^
(G73) 22. Refer to the diagram below to answer the question.
M X

L F

Y
N R Z
S
K

∆MNK ~ ∆XYZ , MS = 18, NK = 45, and YZ = 15. Find the value of XR.
^

Grade 8 | 97
 Geometry Grade 8

(G74) 23. [G] Refer to the diagram below to answer the question.
M X

L F

Y
N R Z
S
K

∆MNK ~ ∆XYZ , MS = 35, NL = 25, and XR = 14. Find the value of YF.

Grade 8 | 98
 Geometry Grade 8

(G75) 24. Refer to the diagram below to answer the question.

GH FH
Given = .
HJ HI
Prove that FG is parallel to JI .
G

H
J

Statement Reason
GH FH
1. = 1.
HJ HI
2. ∠FHG ≅ ∠IHJ 2.
3. ∆FHG ~ ∆IHJ 3.
4. ∠GFH ≅ ∠JIH 4.
5. FG is parallel to JI 5.

Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply and enter their labels in the same order as they appear
(ascending order).
Enter the labels without any spaces or commas.
1. The reason to Statement 4 is “Corresponding angles of similar triangles
are congruent.”
2. The reason to Statement 1 is “Given”.
3. The reason to Statement 3 is “SAS similarity theorem”.
4. The reason to Statement 2 is “Vertical angles are congruent.”
5. The reason to Statement 5 is “If a transversal intersects two lines and
forms a pair of alternate interior angles that are congruent, then the two
lines are parallel.”

Grade 8 | 99
 Geometry Grade 8

(G76) 25. Refer to the figure below to answer the question.

6 6

7
12 12

What is the value of x?

(G77) 26. Refer to the figure below.

18 15
12
x+1

4 6
What is the value of x?
(S93) 27. The figure below is not drawn to scale.
A B
48°
9.6 109° 3.6
O 3
8
x° C
D
In the figure above, segments AC and BD intersect at point O.
What is the value of x?

Grade 8 | 100
 Geometry Grade 8

(S94) 28.
R S

3
T
9

a°
P Q

In the figure above, PS and QR intersect at T, and triangles PTQ and

STR are right triangles. If PT = 9, TS = 3, and sin a° = 0.8, what is the
length of RT ?

Section 4: Proportional Lengths

(G78) 29. Refer to the diagram below, in which AD // MN // BC ,

AD = 5, and BC = 12.

5
A D

M N
O

B C
12

AO 5
If = , show that MO = ON.
AC 17
(G79) 30. [G] Find x.

6 8
(3 – x) x/2

Grade 8 | 101
 Geometry Grade 8

(G80) 31. In the figure below, l // m // n. FH = 10, HG = 20, and EI = 18.

F E l
10 18
H x
I m
20
n
G J

What is the value of x, the distance from E to J?

^

(G81) 32. In the figure below, HF is an angle bisector.

H

8x
28

G J
21 F x + 10
What is the value of x?

Grade 8 | 102
 Geometry Grade 8

Chapter 9 Right Triangles

Section 1: Applications of Similarity to Right Triangles

(G82) 1. Refer to the figure given below.
C

A D B

If AC = 15 and AD = 5, find DB.

(G83) 2. What is the value of b in the figure below?

64 132

(G84) 3. [G] What is the value of h in the figure below?

8 32

Grade 8 | 103
 Geometry Grade 8

Section 2: The Pythagorean Theorem

(G85) 4. Given ∆ABC is a right triangle with right angle at A and AH is an altitude of
the triangle.
a. If CB = 2x + 2, CA = 40, and BA = 30, find x.
b. If HK is an altitude in ∆AHC and HL is an altitude in ∆AHB, show that
(AL)2 = (AK)(KC).
(G86) 5. Find the length of the diagonal of a rectangle whose perimeter is 60 cm and
whose width is 12 cm.
(G87) 6. Find BC in terms of a.
A

30° 45°
B H C

(G88) 7. The diagonals of a rhombus measure 8 cm and 15 cm. Find the perimeter of
the rhombus.
(G89) 8. Find the perimeter of TSRWVU.
S 8 T

30°
U
R W 45°

(G90) 9. Which of the following sets of numbers could be the lengths of the sides of a
right triangle?
a. 10, 12, 14
b. 9, 12, 15
c. 25, 60, 65
d. 12, 15, 20

Grade 8 | 104
 Geometry Grade 8

(G91) 10. Refer to the triangle below.

B
60°
10

30°
C A

AC =
(G92) 11. Find y in in the triangle below.

45° 45°
6

(G93) 12. [G] What is the value of b in the figure below?

b
8

164

Grade 8 | 105
 Geometry Grade 8

Section 3: Trigonometric Ratios

(G94) 13. [G] Use the figure below to complete each of the following.
A

B 12 C
a. sin A =
b. tan A =
c. cos C =

(G95) 14. a. Calculate x to the nearest meter.

32°
28 m

b. Calculate x and y to the nearest meter.

18 m
x
58° 27°
y

Grade 8 | 106
 Geometry Grade 8

(G96) 15. a. Calculate to the nearest meter, the perimeter of ∆ABC.

A

8m
105° 30°
B C

b. Calculate DB to the nearest meter.

B

28° 43°
C D A
120 m

Grade 8 | 107
Geometry Grade 8

Grade 8 | 108