TRIANGLE

CONGRUENCE
 1. (K) Illustrates triangle
congruence
2. (K,S) States and illustrates the
competencies SAS, ASA, and SSS congruence
Learning
postulates
3. (S) Applies the postulates and
theorems on triangle congruence to
prove statements on congruence
including right triangles
4. (S) Applies triangle congruence to
geometric constructions of
perpendicular and angle bisector.
 Planning for Teaching - Learning

This module covers key concepts of triangle

congruence. It is divided into four lessons,

Lesson 1: Definition of Congruent Triangles.

Lesson 2: Congruence Postulates.
Lesson 3: Proving Congruence of Triangles.
Lesson 4: Application of Triangle Congruence.
 Objectives:

After the learners have gone through the lessons

contained in this module, they are expected to:

1. Define and illustrate congruent triangles.

2. State and illustrate the SAS, ASA and SSS
Congruence Postulates.
3. Apply the postulates and theorems on triangle
congruence to prove statements on congruence,
including right triangles.
4. Apply triangle congruence to geometric construction of
perpendicular bisector and angle bisector.
Lesson 1: Definition
of Congruent
Triangles.
Let’s begin this lesson by finding out what congruent triangles are. As
you go over the activities, keep this question in mind. “When are two
triangles congruent?”

Activating Prior Knowledge

1. What is the symbol for congruence?
2. If ΔABC ≅ ΔXYZ, what are the six pairs of corresponding
congruent parts?
3. How do we measure an angle?
4. How can you draw an angle of specified measure?
5. What is the sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle?

For numbers 6 to 10 define or Illustrate each of the following:

6. Midpoint
7. Vertical angles
8. Right Triangle
9. Hypotenuse
10. Isosceles Triangle
The wonders of Geometry are present everywhere, in
nature and in structures. Designs and patterns having
the same size and same shape play important roles
especially on the stability of buildings and bridges. What
ensures the stability of any structures?

Hook: In coming to school, have you met Polygon?

Name it and indicate where you met it.
( Rectangles windows, 20 peso bill from my pocket,
triangles from bridges, and buildings and houses
etc.)
Picture Analysis
1.How will you relate the picture to your ambition?
2. If you were an architect or an engineer, what is
your dream project?
3. What can you say about the long bridge in the
picture? How about the tall building?
4. Why are there triangles in the structures? Are
the triangles congruent? When are two triangles
congruent?
5. Why are bridges and buildings stable?
 Definition of Congruent Triangles

Two triangles are congruent if and only if their

vertices can be matched up so that
corresponding parts (angles and sides) of the
triangles are congruent.

CPCTC – Corresponding Parts of Congruent

Triangles are Congruent
 Definition of Congruent Triangles

ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF Read as "triangle ABC is

congruent to triangle DEF."

≅ symbol for congruency

Δ symbol for triangle.

 Sides

Illustration:

E
B

A C F D

Corresponding Parts:

Vertices Angles TRIANGLE

A↔D ∠A ↔ ∠ D ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ DEF

B↔E ∠B ↔ ∠E
C↔F ∠C ↔ ∠F
 Sides

In a congruence statement, the letters are written so that corresponding vertices appear in
the same order. Consider the triangle below.
N
E

B C
F U

TRIANGLE

∆ FEU ≅ ∆ BNC

Vertex F corresponds to Vertex B

Vertex E corresponds to Vertex N
Vertex U corresponds to Vertex C
 Sides

EXERCISE 1: Name the Corresponding Parts

A O

C J R
F
TRIANGLE

∆ACF ≅ ∆OJR

Vertices Angles

A↔O ∠A ↔ ∠ O
C↔J ∠C ↔ ∠J
F↔R ∠F ↔ ∠R
 Sides

EXERCISE 2: Name the Corresponding Parts

A
A A

F C R

F C C R

TRIANGLE
Vertices Angles
∆ACF ≅ ∆ACR
A↔A ∠A ↔ ∠ A
C↔C ∠ C ↔ ∠C
F↔R ∠F ↔ ∠R
 EXERCISE 3: Name the Corresponding Parts

ΔABD ≅ ΔCBD, Write down the six pairs of congruent corresponding parts

ANGLES SIDES
∠A ↔ ∠ C AB ↔ CB
∠B ↔ ∠B BD ↔ BD
∠D ↔ ∠D AD ↔ CD
 EXERCISE 4: Name the Corresponding Parts

A F

M X K C

∆AMX ≅ ∆FKC

∆MXA ≅ ∆ KCF

∆XAM ≅ ∆ CFK
EXERCISE 5: Name the Corresponding Parts

A. ΔPQR ≅ ΔKJL
B. ΔPQR ≅ ΔLJK
C. ΔPQR ≅ ΔLKJ
D. ΔPQR ≅ ΔJLK
 Lesson 2:
Triangle Congruence Postulates
 PARTS OF A TRIANGLE IN TERMS OF THEIR
RELATIVE POSITIONS.

Included angle is the angle between two sides of a triangle.

Included side is the side common to two angles of a triangle.

 Exercises
Given ΔFOR, can you answer the following questions
even without the figure?
1. What is the included angle between FO and OR?
2. What is the Included angle between FR and FO?
3. What is the included angle between FR and RO?
4. What is the included side between ∠F and ∠R?
5. What is the included side between ∠O and ∠R?
6. What is the included side between ∠F and ∠O?
F

O R
 TRIANGLE
CONGRUENCE
POSTULATES
 POSTULATE VS THEOREM

Postulate

A proposition that requires no proof, being self –

evident, or that is for a specific purpose assumed true,
and that is used in the proof of other propositions.

Theorem

A theoretical proposition, statement, or formula

embodying something to be proved from other
propositions or formulas.
 SAS (SIDE – INCLUDED
ANGLE – SIDE )
CONGRUENCE POSTULATES
 Activity: Less is More

1. Prepare a ruler, a protractor ,a pencil and a bond paper.

2. Work in pair.
3. Follow the demonstration by the teacher.
 Activity: Less is More
Follow the demonstration by the
teacher.
a. Draw a 7- inch segment.
b. Name it BE. L
c. Using your protractor make angle B
equal to 70o degrees.
d. From the vertex draw BL measuring 8
8 in
inches long.
e. How many triangles can be formed?
f. Draw ΔBEL
g. Compare your triangle with the
triangles of the other members of the 70°
group. Do you have congruent B E
7 in
triangles?
h. Lay one triangle on top of the others.
Are all the corresponding sides
congruent? How about the
corresponding angles?
i. What can you say about any pair of
congruent triangles ?
 Side – Angle – Side Congruence Postulate
If the two sides and an included angle of one triangle are
congruent to the corresponding two sides and the included
angle of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

If MA ≅ TI, ∠M ≅ ∠T, MR ≅ TN
Then ΔMAR ≅ ΔTIN by SAS Congruence Postulate

A I

M R T N
In which pair of triangles pictured below could use the Side Angle
Side Postulate (SAS) to prove the triangles are congruent?

PAIR #4
Exercises: Complete the congruence statement using the SAS
congruence postulate.
Exercises: Complete the congruence statement using the SAS
congruence postulate.
Exercises: Complete the congruence statement using the SAS
congruence postulate.
Exercises: Complete the congruence statement using the SAS
congruence postulate.
Exercises: Determine what additional information is necessary in
order to show that the given triangles are congruent by SAS.

U V
S

∠SUT ≅ ∠VUW
TU ≅ WU
 PROVING 1

Given: Prove: ∆ABC ≅ ∆EFC

Point C is the midpoint of BF.
B
C E

F
ASA(ANGLE – SIDE –ANGLE )
CONGRUENCE POSTULATES
 Activity: Try More
Working independently, use a ruler and a
protractor to draw ΔBOY with two angles
and the included side having the following
measures: m∠B = 50, m∠O = 70 and BO Y
=18 cm
1. Draw BO measuring 18 cm
2. With B as vertex, draw angle B
measuring 50.
3. With O as vertex, draw angle O
measuring 70. 50° 70°
4. Name the intersection as Y. B O
5. Cut out the triangle and compare it with 18 cm
four of your classmates.
6. Describe the triangles.
7. Put identical marks on the congruent
corresponding sides and angles.
8. Identify the parts of the triangles which
are given congruent.
 ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) Congruence Postulate

If the two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent
to the corresponding two angles and an included side of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.

If ∠A ≅ ∠E, JA ≅ ME, ∠J ≅ ∠M, then ΔJAY ≅ ΔMEL

Draw the triangles and mark the congruent parts.

A E
V

V V
J Y M L
In which pair of triangles pictured below could you use the 
Angle Side Angle postulate (ASA) to prove the triangles are
congruent?
State if the two triangles are congruent using ASA congruence.

1. 2.
VV
VV

V
V

3.

V
V
 M
L

Prove that ΔLMO ≅ ΔNMO

N
 SSS (SIDE – SIDE – SIDE)
CONGRUENCE POSTULATES
 SSS (Side-Side-Side) Congruence Postulate

If the three sides of one triangle are congruent to the three sides
of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

If EC ≅ BP, ES ≅ BJ, CS ≅ PJ, then ΔESC ≅ ΔBJP by the SSS congruence

postulate.

P
C

B J
E S
Example 1:

Name the three corresponding sides of the two triangles.

Proving Congruent Triangles
Exercises: Corresponding congruent parts are marked.
Indicate the additional corresponding parts needed to make
the triangles congruent by using the specified congruence
postulates.

1.

∠ F ≅ ∠C

AB ≅ DE
Exercises: Corresponding congruent parts are marked.
Indicate the additional corresponding parts needed to make
the triangles congruent by using the specified congruence
postulates.

2. ∠ LOT ≅
∠MOP

LT ≅ MP
Exercises: Corresponding congruent parts are marked.
Indicate the additional corresponding parts needed to make
the triangles congruent by using the specified congruence
postulates.

3. R O

OR ≅ FL

∠ L ≅ ∠R

∠ OLR ≅ ∠FRL

F L
AAS ( Angle – Angle – Side
Congruence Theorem)
 AAS ( Angle – Angle – Side Congruence Theorem)

If two angles and a non-included side of one

triangle are congruent to the corresponding
two angles and a non-included side of
another triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.
Exercises: Complete the congruence
statement by AAS congruence.

1.

∆CAR
Exercises: What additional information is
needed to show that the two triangles are
congruent by AAS Congruence?
2.
B
H
I

G
A

C
 Leg – Leg (LL) Congruence Theorem

If in two right triangles, the two legs of one triangle are

congruent to the two legs of the other triangle respectively, then
the two triangles are congruent .

C L

B A K J
 Leg – Angle (LA) Congruence Theorem

If in two right triangles, a leg and an adjacent acute angle of

one triangle are congruent to a leg and an adjacent acute angle of
the other triangle, respectively, then the two triangles are
congruent .
C L

B A K J
 Hypotenuse – Angle (HA) Congruence Theorem

If the hypotenuse and an acute angle of one right triangle are

congruent to the corresponding parts of another right triangle,
then the right triangles are congruent .

C L

B A K J
 Hypotenuse – Leg (HL) Congruence Theorem

If the hypotenuse and an a leg of one right triangle are

congruent to the corresponding parts of another right triangle,
then the right triangles are congruent .

C L

B A K J
 Which right triangle theorem verifies the triangle congruence?
2.
1.

HL Theorem
LL Theorem

3. 4.

HA Theorem

LA Theorem
 LESSON 3: PROVING
TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE
 PROVING TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE

Statement Reason
1.
2.
3.
4.
PROVING 2

B D

A
 PROVING 3

H
I

K
 D

C
A E

Prove that ΔACB ≅ ΔDCB B

 B C

A D
STATEMENT REASON

BC ≅ AD BC ‖ AD GIVEN

∠ BCA ≅ ∠DAC Alternate Interior Angle are congruent

AC ≅ AC Reflexive Property of Congruence

∆BCA ≅ ∆DAC SAS Postulate

∠ B ≅ ∠D CPCTC
 ∠ BAD ≅ A
∠CAD
∠ BDA ≅
∠CDA
AB ≅ AC
B D
C
STATEMENT REASON

∠ BAD ≅ ∠ BDA ≅ GIVEN

∠CAD ∠CDA
AD ≅ AD Reflexive Property of Congruence

∆BAD ≅ ∆CAD SAS Postulate

CPCTC
AB ≅ AC
LESSON 4: APPLICATION OF
CONGRUENT TRIANGLES.
 B

Plan: Draw the median AC. Prove that

the two triangles are congruent and
use the corresponding parts. A M C

Statement Reason
 B
A

Prove that ΔABD ≅ ΔCBD D

C
 The Isosceles triangle Theorem

If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite those sides are
congruent.

Converse of the Isosceles triangle Theorem

If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides opposite those angles are
congruent.

Corollary:
An equilateral triangle is also an equiangular.

Each angle of an equilateral triangle measures 60°.

The bisector of the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle is

perpendicular to the base at its midpoint.
 ISOSCELES TRIANGLE

Vertex
Angle

Base
Angles
 ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
Find the measure of the vertex angle of the triangle if m∠ A = 55°

A C
 ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
Find the measure of the base angles of the triangle if the measure of the
vertex angle is 63°

A B

C
 ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
Find the value of the variables in the following triangles:

G
27°
L 56 cm M
x
y

56 cm
x y

H I 73°

O
 ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
Find the value of the variables in the following triangles:

G L
y
(12x – 23)cm (3x-5 )cm 4m

4m

59 ° 59 °

H I (4x - 15)° (x + 27)°

O M
 Questions
1.When are two triangles congruent?
2.What are the conditions for triangle
congruence?
3.How can we show congruent triangles through
paper folding?
4.Say something about Isosceles Triangle.
5.Is Equilateral triangle isosceles?
6.Is equilateral triangle equiangular?
7.What can you say about the bisector of the
vertex angle of an isosceles triangle?
 THE END

SEE NEXT MODULE, ENJOY