NAME : ALKAUTSAR AZZAHRA MAHBUBI

NIM : 20230090016
CLASS : HUKUM 23 I

STEP 1 : PASSAGE SELECTION (750 WORDS)

Entrepreneurship Seen as Solution to S. Africa's Unemployment Crisis

Unemployment remains stubbornly high in South Africa and is one of the greatest
socio-economic problems currently facing the country’s youth. Many are turning to
entrepreneurship to make ends meet. But some have found it easier than others.

Job-creation was a leading goal of government policy during the first decade of
democracy in South Africa following the end of apartheid in 1994. However, little
success has been achieved in the struggle to create sufficient jobs.

South Africa’s unemployment rate stands at 25.2 percent, creeping up by 1.1 percent
from last year. There are now more than five million people without work. However,
the expanded definition of unemployment, which includes people who have stopped
looking for work, is at 35.1 percent.

'I can't wait'

Twentyfour year old Sibusiso Ngcobr said he can no longer wait for the government
to create a job for him. “It is hard to find a job. You cannot sit because your brains
would blast out of your mind, you cannot sit and do nothing," he said. "I can’t wait. I
have to eat, I have brothers to support, I have a family to feed.”

He, and other South Africans like him, are finding ways to create their own
opportunities. started up his own retail company in the Orlando West area of
Johannesburg last year. But he complains that the government’s attempts to help
small-business owners like him, with a basic education, are bound in red tape and
bureaucracy.

"Coming from a previously disadvantaged background, you don't have security, your
house is just a small house, then you go to the bank - you have a great brilliant idea,
they say they want surety they want collateral - what do you have? You have nothing,"
Ngcobr said. "You can’t say, I have my high school diploma here - you can’t say that.
You have to begin from grassroots.”

Beginning from grassroots is exactly what Ludwick Marishane did Marishane started
businesses as a teenager in rural Limpopo, a northern province in South Africa with
stark levels of poverty.

The waterless
Some of his ideas failed, but Marishane's life-changing engineering inspiration came
during a lazy day of sunbathing. His friend did not want to take a bath and wondered
why no one had invented a product to substitute for showering. A few years later
Marishane had created the Dry Bath Gel, a waterless shower alternative that could
save time for some, but also help those with no access to water.
“I scraped together whatever resources I had available. I didn’t have computers or
resources like that so I would have to use the local computer café, where it cost about
$2 an hour to use the Internet. My allowance was $5 - that was my pocket money and
lunch money,” Marishane said.

Drafting an 8,000-word business plan on a simple phone in his last year of high school,
Marishane sent it to 80 venture capitalists. But none were willing to take a risk on a
young inventor with a product that they considered mostly helped the poor, he said.

“I looked at different sources. The different banking loans and the different
development loans that government had made available in South Africa for small
businesses and I was unsuccessful - part of it was the red tape and the amount of
bureaucracy involved in trying to access those types of funds and at the same time
my business - it wasn’t a bankable idea," Marishane said.

Entering the product into competitions, he slowly gained some capital to develop his
business. Marishane is now the youngest patent holder in South Africa. The company
claims to have provided 445,590 baths, saving over 35.6 million liters of water, crucial
for a country facing a water crisis.

Marishane cites education as one of the biggest advantages in starting a business.

Education is key
That is a sentiment echoed by Jason Basel, founder and president of Àkro
Organization, which aims to bring young entrepreneurs together and equip them with
practical, action-orientated knowledge to help kick-start their businesses.

“Entrepreneurship and education - that’s how you solve unemployment. Full stop,
there are no two ways about it,” Basel said.

He also said that the lack of practical business education is hindering people from
realizing their potential business ideas. While there is plenty of business potential
among South Africa’s youth, the country lacks the services to enable its young
entrepreneurs.

What Marishane and others have shown is that you can overcome the odds with one
great idea.

STEP 2: PRE-READING TECHNIQUES (15 POINTS)

Title : Entrepreneurship Seen as Solution to S. Africa’s
Unemployment Crisis
Author : Gillian Parker
Source : http://www.voanews.com/content/entrepreneurship-seen-as-a-solution-to-south-
africas-unemployment-crisis/1920230.html
Publication Date : May 22, 2014 9:52
The strategies that I used is include previewing the text such as looking into the
title or subtitle, and look into an image (if the text includes an image), activating
prior knowledge, setting reading goals with make several questions and also
answers from text, last is predicting content. Each strategy contributed to my
approach to the text because it helped me to know more information and gain
understanding to the text.
STEP 3: ACTIVE READING TECHNIQUES (20 POINTS)
What is the unemployment rate in Africa?
Unemployment remains stubbornly high in South Africa and is one of the greatest
socio-economic problems currently facing the country’s youth.

How they face the unemployment?

Many are turning to entrepreneurship to make ends meet. But some have found it
easier than others.

How the Government Help Small Business Owners?

But he complains that the government’s attempts to help small-business owners like
him, with a basic education, are bound in red tape and bureaucracy.

How Marishane develop his business idea besides some of Marishane’s ideas failed?
“I looked at different sources. The different banking loans and the different
development loans that government had made available in South Africa for small
businesses and I was unsuccessful - part of it was the red tape and the amount of
bureaucracy involved in trying to access those types of funds and at the same time
my business - it wasn’t a bankable idea," Marishane said. Entering the product into
competitions, he slowly gained some capital to develop his business. Summarize Key
Points: Unemployment, Small-Business Owners, Business, Entrepreneurship

STEP 4 MAIN IDEA AND SUPPORTING DETAILS (25 POINTS)

Passage
Unemployment remains stubbornly high in South Africa and is one of the greatest
socio-economic problems currently facing the country’s youth.

Main Idea :
Unemployment high in South Africa

Supporting Details :
South Africa’s unemployment rate stands at 25.2 percent, creeping up by 1.1 percent
from last year. There are now more than five million people without work. However,
the expanded definition of unemployment, which includes people who have stopped
looking for work, is at 35.1 percent.

Purpose of the text :

To tell us that there are many people in South Africa do not have jobs. It is one of the
biggest problems facing the country’s young adults.

STEP 5: DIFFICULT VOCABULARY (15 POINTS)

“Stubbornly high”
context : Unemployment
“Attempts”
context : the government’s attempts to help
“Collateral”
context : they say they want surety they want collateral
“Grassroots”
context : You have to begin with grassroots
My Interpretations from the text:
“Stubbornly high” means that Many people in South Africa do not have jobs.
“Attempts” means that the government try to help.
“Collateral” means that the Banks need something from the borrower to secure the
loan in case it cannot be paid back.
“Grassroots” means that start from nothing.

STEP 6: TEXT STRUCTURE ANALYSIS (15 POINTS)

Problem?
Unemployment is biggest problem facing South Africa.

Solution
to make money, many young people are starting their own bussines.

Cause?
Marishane lived in a poor area in the north of South Africa so he entered his product
into competitions.

Effect
It was hard for him to get a loan

Compare and Contrast

the bank and the government refuse to give loan but when he entered his product into
competitions. Marishane slowly gained money to develop his business.

Chronological Order
• Introduction
• Content of the text
• Conclusion

Explain how recognizing the text structure helped you understand the organization of
the content and the author's intentions.
By recognizing the organizational patterns and frameworks used by authors in non-
fiction passages, it helps me to understanding the flow of information, relationships
between ideas, and the author's overall message.

STEP 7: REFLECTION AND EVALUATION (10 POINTS)

my reading experience with this non-fiction passage. What challenges that I encounter
is dealing with unfamiliar or challenging words or Difficult Vocabulary, and I overcome
it with see what the context
Overall the reading strategies and techniques that i employed, they enhance my
comprehension. Yes, of course. It helps me to understand the text as well by using
effective reading strategies. It enhance my knowledge about what the text or author
want to tell. It enhance my comprehension. strategies that I could use in the future is
when I see difficult word, I will use the context first instead of tran