Assoc. Prof.

Mohamed Moawad Abdelsalam

Head of Computers Engineering and Control Systems dep., Faculty of Engineering,
Mansoura University

E-mail: mohmoawad@mans.edu.eg

Lecture 5
 2. Looping statement
Loops in programming are used to repeat a block of code until the specified
condition is met. A loop statement allows programmers to execute a statement or
group of statements multiple times without repetition of code.

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1. “for-loop” statement
“for loop” is a repetition control structure that allows programmers to write a loop
that will be executed a specific number of times.

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Syntax:

for (initialize expression; test expression; update expression)

{
//
// body of for loop
//
}

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Example 1:
Write a program to print the even numbers from 1 to 100.

// Program to display the number type

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i;
for (i=1;i<=100;++i)
{
if(i%2==0)
{
printf(“%d”, i);
}
}
}
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 a. Nested “for - loop ” statement
The if-else statement executes two different codes depending upon whether the test
expression is true or false. Sometimes, a choice has to be made from more than 2

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Syntax:

for (i =xx ; i <=yy ; i++)

{
for (j = zz; j <= pp; j++)
{
// code
}
// code
}

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Example 2:
Write a program to print the following figure:
*
**
***
****
*****
******
*******

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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<=7;++i)
{
for(j=1,j<=i;++j)
{
printf(“*”);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
}

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 c. Infinite “for - loop ” statement
• Instead of giving true boolean value for the condition in for loop, you can also give
a condition that always evaluates to true. For example, the condition 1 is always
true.
• No matter how many times the loop runs, the condition is always true and the for
loop will run forever.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
for( ; ; )
{
}
}

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 2. “while-loop” statement
• Loops can execute a block of code as long as a
specified condition is reached.
• Loops are handy because they save time,
reduce errors, and they make code more
readable.

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Syntax:

while (condition)
{
Example Output
// body of the loop #include <stdio.h> 1
} void main() 2
{ 3
int i=1; 4
while(i<=10) 5
{ 6
printf(“%d\n“,i); 7
i++; 8
} 9
} 10

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Example3
Write a C program that calculates the factorial ‫ مضروب‬using a while loop.

• Factorial is a non-negative integer, denoted as n!, which is the product of

all positive integers less than or equal to n. Factorial can be computed
using the formula:

n!=n∗(n−1)∗(n−2)∗...∗1

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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num, fact = 1;
printf("Enter a non-negative integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
while (num > 0)
{
fact *= num;
num--;
}
printf("The factorial is : %d\n",fact);
}
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a. Nested “while - loop ” statement
Writing while loop inside another
while loop is called nested while
loop, or you can say defining one
while loop inside another while loop
is called nested while loop

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Syntax #include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
// Outer while loop
while (condition1)
{
// Code to be executed as long as condition1 is true
// Inner while loop
while (condition2)
{
// Code to be executed as long as condition2 is true
}
// Rest of the code within the outer while loop
}
}
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Example 4

Write a C program to print the multiplication table from 1 to 5 as:

1x1=1
1x2=2
.
.
5x10=50

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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i = 1, j=1;
while (i <= 5)
{
while (j <= 10)
{
printf("%d * %d = %d\n", i, j, i * j);
j++;
}
i++;
}
}

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