SEC 03

CH1: KINEMATICS OF A PARTICLE

SEC 03

By/ Ahmed Mohamed Abd-elaal

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Kinematics of a particle
 Motion of projectile. ‫حركة المقذوفات‬

Horizontal (→ +𝒗𝒆) Vertical (↑ +𝒗𝒆)

𝑎𝑥 = 0 𝑚 𝑓𝑡
𝑎𝑦 = −𝑔 = −9.81 2 = −32.2 2
𝑠 𝑠
𝑣𝑥 = (𝑣𝑜 )𝑥
𝑣𝑦 = (𝑣𝑜 )𝑦 + (−𝑔)𝑡
𝑠𝑥 = (𝑠𝑜 )𝑥 + (𝑣𝑜 )𝑥 𝑡 1
𝑠𝑦 = (𝑠𝑜 )𝑦 + (𝑣𝑜 )𝑦 𝑡 + 2(−𝑔)𝑡 2
2 2
𝑣𝑥 2 = (𝑣𝑜 )𝑥 𝑣𝑦 2 = (𝑣𝑜 )𝑦 + 2(−𝑔)(𝑠𝑦 − (𝑠𝑜 )𝑦 )

|𝒗| = √𝒗𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒗𝒚 𝟐 , |𝒂| = √𝒂𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒂𝒚 𝟐

Notes
 At max height ∴ 𝒗𝒚 = 𝟎
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1.9 A ball is thrown from A. If it is required to clear

the wall at B, determine the minimum magnitude of
its initial velocity 𝒗𝑨 ..
Solution
A ( 0, 0 ) B ( 12, 5 )
(𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 𝑣𝐴 cos 30 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = 𝑣𝐴 sin 30
X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 → ∴ 12 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 cos 30) × 𝑡

12
𝑡= → (𝟏)
𝑣𝐴 cos 30

Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5g𝑡 2

∴ 5 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 sin 30) × 𝑡 − 0.5 × 32.2 × (𝑡)2 → (𝟐)

∴ 𝒗𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

1.12 Determine the speed at which the

basketball at A must be thrown at the
angle of 30° so that it makes it to the
basket at B.
Solution
A ( 0, 0 ) B ( 10, 1.5 )
(𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 𝑣𝐴 cos 30 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = 𝑣𝐴 sin 30
X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 → ∴ 10 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 cos 30) × 𝑡
10
𝑡= → (𝟏)
𝑣𝐴 cos 30

Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5g𝑡 2

∴ 1.5 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 sin 30) × 𝑡 − 0.5 × 9.8 × (𝑡)2 → (𝟐)
∴ 𝒗𝑨 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟑𝟔 𝒎/𝒔
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y

x
1.14 The fireman standing on the ladder
directs the flow of water from his hose to
the fire at B. Determine the velocity of
the water at A if it is observed that the
hose is held at = 𝟐𝟎° .
Solution
A ( 0, 0 ) B ( 60, -30 )
(𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 𝑣𝐴 cos 20 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = − 𝑣𝐴 sin 20
X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 → ∴ 60 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 cos 20) × 𝑡
60
𝑡= → (𝟏)
𝑣𝐴 cos 20
Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5g𝑡 2
∴ −30 − 0 = (− 𝑣𝐴 sin 20) × 𝑡 − 0.5 × 32.2 × (𝑡)2 → (𝟐)
∴ 𝒗𝑨 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

1.16 It is observed that the skier leaves the ramp A at an angle 𝜽𝑨 = 𝟐𝟓° with the
horizontal. If he strikes the ground at y
B, determine his initial speed 𝒗𝑨 and
x
the time of flight 𝒕𝑨𝑩 .
Solution
A ( 0, 0 ) B ( 80, - 64 )
(𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 𝑣𝐴 cos 25 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦
= 𝑣𝐴 sin 25
X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡
∴ 80 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 cos 25) 𝑡
80
𝑡= → (𝟏)
𝑣𝐴 cos 25
Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5(9.8)𝑡 2
∴ −64 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 sin 25) 𝑡 − 0.5 × 9.8𝑡 2 → (𝟐)
∴ 𝒕𝑨𝑩 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟒 𝒔𝒆𝒄 , ∴ 𝒗𝑨 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟒 𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄
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1.17 The stones are thrown off the conveyor with a horizontal velocity of 10 ft/s as
shown. Determine the distance d down the
slope to where the stones hit the ground at B
and the speed at which the stones hit the
ground at B.
Solution
𝑑 10𝑑
A ( 0, 100 + ) B( ,0)
√101 √101

(𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 10 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = 0
X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 → y

10𝑑
∴ − 0 = (10) × 𝑡
√101 x

𝑑
𝑡= → (𝟏)
√101

Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5g𝑡 2

𝑑
∴ 0 − (100 + ) = (0) × 𝑡 − 0.5 × 32.2 × (𝑡)2 → (𝟐)
√101

∴ 𝒅 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟒 𝒇𝒕 , ∴ 𝒕𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄

X-directions → (𝑣𝐵 )𝑥 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 → ∴ (𝑣𝐵 )𝑥 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

Y-directions → (𝑣𝐵 )𝑦 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 − g𝑡

∴ (𝑣𝐵 )𝑦 = (0) − 32.2 × 2.52 = − 𝟖𝟏. 𝟏 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

∴ 𝒗𝑩 = √𝟏𝟎𝟐 + 𝟖𝟏. 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟕𝟔 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

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1.18 The ball is thrown from the tower with a

velocity of 20 ft/s as shown. Determine the x and
y coordinates to where the ball strikes the slope.
Also, determine the speed at which the ball hits
the ground.
Solution
A ( 0, 80 ) B (20 + 2𝑑 , 𝑑 )
(𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 12𝐟𝐭/𝐬 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = 16𝐟𝐭/𝐬
X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 →

∴ (20 + 2𝑑) − 0 = (12) × 𝑡

20 + 2𝑑 10 + 𝑑
𝑡= = → (𝟏)
12 6

Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5g𝑡 2

∴ 𝑑 − (80) = (16) × 𝑡 − 0.5 × 32.2 × (𝑡)2 → (𝟐)

∴ 𝑑 = 6.17 𝑓𝑡 , ∴ 𝒕𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟗𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄 → ∴ 𝑩 (𝟑𝟐. 𝟑𝟒, 𝟔. 𝟏𝟕)

X-directions → (𝑣𝐵 )𝑥 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 → ∴ (𝑣𝐵 )𝑥 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

Y-directions → (𝑣𝐵 )𝑦 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 − g𝑡

∴ (𝑣𝐵 )𝑦 = (16) − 32.2 × 2.695 = −𝟕𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟗 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

∴ 𝒗𝑩 = √𝟏𝟐𝟐 + 𝟕𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟗𝟐 = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟖 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

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1.19 Water is discharged from the hose with a

speed of 40 ft/s. Determine the two possible
angles 𝜃 the fireman can hold the hose so that y
the water strikes the building at B. Take s = 20
ft.
Solution X
X
A ( 0, 0 ) B ( 20, 4 )

(𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 40 cos 𝜃 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = 40 sin 𝜃

X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 → ∴ 20 − 0 = (40 cos 𝜃) 𝑡

20 1
𝑡= = → (𝟏)
40 cos 𝜃 2 cos 𝜃
Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5𝑔𝑡 2

∴ 4 − 0 = (40 sin 𝜃) 𝑡 − 0.5 × 32.2 𝑡 2 → (𝟐)

2
1
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1), (2) 4 = 20 tan 𝜃 − 16.1 ( )
2 cos 𝜃

∴ 𝜽𝟏 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟔°

∴ 𝜽𝟐 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟓°