Advanced Vocab List - Road To IELTS

WRITTEN BY MINO NGUYỄN
KHÔNG chia sẻ ra ngoài mà không được sự đồng ý của tác giả.
TEST 1
Câu hỏi Dữ kiện Collocations
1-7: TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN
1. Chronobiology is the Chronobiology [...] is actually a living things = flora and fauna: (các)
study of how living field of study that concerns [...] sinh vật sống (gồm động vật (fauna)
things have evolved short-term rhythms of time and và thực vật (flora))
over time. their effect on flora and fauna.
=> FALSE
(Paragraph 1)
2. The rise and fall of Marine life, for example, is sea creatures = marine life: (các)
sea levels affects how influenced by tidal patterns. sinh vật biển
sea creatures behave.
=> TRUE affects ~ [be] influenced by: (bị) ảnh
(Paragraph 2, line 1) hưởng
3. Most animals are Numerous creatures, humans active ~ come out: hoạt động
active during the included, are largely diurnal –
daytime. that is, they like to come out
=> NOT GIVEN during the hours of sunlight. daytime = hours of sunlight: thời
(Paragraph 2, line 3) gian ban ngày
4. Circadian rhythms The circadian rhythm [...] is the

identify how we do complete cycle our bodies are
different things on naturally geared to undergo
different days. within the passage of a
=> FALSE twenty-four hour day.
(Paragraph 3, line 2)
5. A ‘night person’ can ‘Night people’, for example, often healthy: khỏe mạnh
still have a healthy describe how they find it very benign variation: biến đổi nhẹ
circadian rhythm. hard to operate during the (không đáng kể)
=> TRUE morning, but become alert and
(Paragraph 3, line 6) focused by evening. This is a
benign variation within circadian
rhythms [...]
6. New therapies can Scientists have limited abilities to permanently change (v) = durable
permanently change create durable modifications of modifications (n): thay đổi vĩnh viễn,
circadian rhythms chronobiological demands. lâu dài
without causing harm.
=> FALSE
7. Naturally-produced Plants appear no more malleable naturally-produced: được sản xuất

vegetables have more in this respect; studies tự nhiên
nutritional value. demonstrate that vegetables grown in season and ripened on the
=> TRUE grown in season and ripened tree: trông đúng vụ (mùa) và chín
(Paragraph 4, line 5) on the tree are far higher in trên cây -> trồng tự nhiên
essential nutrients than those
grown in greenhouses and more nutritional value: giá trị dinh
ripened by laser. dưỡng cao hơn
far higher in essential nutrients: hàm
lượng các chất cần thiết cao hơn
hẳn
8-13: Multiple choice

8. What did The optimum moment has been identify = whittle down: xác định
researchers identify as whittled down to 7.22 a.m. [...]
the ideal time to wake
up in the morning? ideal time = optimum moment: thời
=> (C) 7.22 điểm thích hợp
9. In order to lose If you’re trying to shed some lose weight = shed some extra
weight, we should extra pounds [...] pounds: giảm cân
(Paragraph 7)
A. avoid eating [...] dieticians are adamant: never avoid eating = skip: bỏ bữa
breakfast skip breakfast.
B. eat a low The recommended course of low carbohydrate ><

carbohydrate action is to follow an intense carbohydrate-rich
breakfast workout with a
carbohydrate-rich breakfast [...]
C. exercise before follow A with B = A before B: làm B
breakfast sau khi làm A
D. exercise after [...] the other way round and

breakfast weight loss results are not as
pronounced.
10. Which is NOT

mentioned as a way to
improve supplement
absorption?
(Paragraph 8)
A. avoiding drinks Stone suggests [...] steering avoid = steer clear of: tránh xa
containing caffeine clear of caffeinated beverages.
while taking drinks = beverages: đồ uống
supplements
containing caffeine = caffeinated: có
chứa caffeine
B. taking supplements N/A

at breakfast
C. taking supplements [...] pairing supplements with a taking sth with sth = pairing sth with
with foods that can food in which they are soluble sth: ghép cái gì với cái gì (để
dissolve them ăn/uống chung)
dissolve (v) ~ soluble (adj): hòa tan
D. storing supplements [...] high potency is best for cool (adj) >< warmth (n): mát mẻ ><
in a cool, dry absorption, and warmth and ấm áp
environment humidity are known to deplete
the potency of a supplement. dry (adj) >< humidity (n): khô >< độ
ẩm (cao)
improve >< deplete: tăng >< giảm
11. The best time to [...] but to prepare for a good mid-afternoon = 3 p.m: giữa buổi
stop drinking coffee is night’s sleep we are better off chiều
=> (A) mid-afternoon putting the brakes on caffeine
(Paragraph 9, line 2) consumption as early as 3 p.m. put the brakes on = stop
drinking/eating/…: dừng ăn/uống/…
drinking coffee = caffeine

consumption: uống cà phê = tiêu thụ
caffeine
12. In the evening, we (Paragraph 10)

should
A. stay away from an after-five carbohydrate-fast stay away from carbohydrates (v) =
carbohydrates [...] will deprive your body of vital carbohydrate-fast (n) : tránh xa,
energy needs. không ăn carbohydrate
B. stop exercising N/A N/A
C. eat as much as Overloading your gut could eat as much as possible: ăn hết sức
possible lead to indigestion, though. có thể
overload your gut: gây quá tải
đường ruột
D. eat a light meal Consuming a modest snack eat = consume: ăn

should be entirely sufficient.
light meal = modest snack: bữa ăn
vặt/ít, nhẹ nhàng
13. Which of the (Paragraph 6-10)

following phrases best => A
describes the main aim
of Reading Passage 1?
14-22: Classification
14. Giving up [...] ability to think beyond the short-term happiness: hạnh phúc
short-term happiness present, concrete moment. ngắn hạn
for future gains While other mammals are mainly present, concrete moment: thời điểm
=> (C) The neocortex restricted to impulsive actions hiện tại, tức thời
(Paragraph 3, line 5) [...], humans can think about the impulsive actions: hành động ngay
“big picture”. tức thì
future gains: lợi ích trong tương lai

“big picture”: bức tranh toàn cảnh
(nhìn xa trông rộng)
15. Maintaining the The first of our three brains to maintain = sustain: giữ cho hoạt
bodily functions evolve is what scientists call the động
necessary for life reptilian cortex. This brain
=> (A) The reptilian sustains the elementary bodily functions = activities: hoạt
cortex activities of animal survival [...]. động sống của cơ thể
necessary = elementary: cần thiết,
quan trọng
life = survival: sự sống, sự tồn tại
16. Experiencing the [...] witness the sight of experience: trải nghiệm
pain of losing another elephants mourning their dead, witness: chứng kiến
=> (B) The limbic [...]
cortex lose another: mất đi một ai đó (do họ
(Paragraph 2, line 3) chết)
mourn one’s dead: đau khổ vì mất đi
một ai đó (do họ chết)
17. Forming These same sensations also form = develop: hình thành, phát
communities and cause mammals to develop triển
social groups various types of social relations
=> limbic cortex (B) and kinship networks. communities: cộng đồng
(Paragraph 2, line 7) social groups: nhóm xã hội
social relations: quan hệ xã hội
kinship networks: mạng lưới (các cá
thể) gần gũi
18. Making a decision The neocortex is also responsible make a decision = decide on sth:
and carrying it out for the process by which we đưa ra quyết định
=> (C) The neocortex decide on and commit to
(Paragraph 4, line 1) particular courses of action. carry sth out = commit to sth: thực
hiện điều gì đó
19. Guarding areas of When it comes to our interaction guard (v) = defense (n): bảo vệ,
land with others, the reptilian brain phòng thủ
=> (A) The reptilian offers up only the most basic
brain impulses: aggression, mating, areas of land (n) = territorial (v): (liên
(Paragraph 1, line 7) and territorial defence. quan đến) vùng đất, lãnh thổ
20. Developing We can string together simple theories = explanations for things:
explanations for lessons [...] to develop complex giả thuyết = cách giải thích một vấn
things theories of physical or social đề nào đó
=> (C) The neocortex phenomena [...]
21. Looking after Unique to mammals, the limbic look after = nurture: nuôi dưỡng
one’s young cortex impels creatures to
=> (B) The limbic nurture their offspring [...] young (n) = offspring (n): con non
cortex
22. Responding The reptilian cortex also houses respond (v) ~ reactions (n): phản xạ
quickly to sudden the “startle centre”, a mechanism ~ phản hồi
movement and noise that facilitates swift reactions to
=> (A) The reptilian unexpected occurrences in our quickly (adv) = swift (adj): nhanh
cortex surroundings.
(Paragraph 1, line 4) sudden = unexpected: bất ngờ
movement and noise ~ occurrences:

chuyển động và tiếng ồn ~ sự việc
xảy ra
23-26: Sentence completion
23. A person with only [...] a condition in which someone only a functioning reptilian cortex:
a functioning reptilian is understood to be brain dead. chỉ còn thùy não bò sát
cortex is known as [...] Here, the reptilian brain is permanent loss of other cortexes:
……… . functioning on autopilot despite mất vĩnh viễn các thùy não khác
(Paragraph 5, line 3) the permanent loss of other
cortexes. known as = understood to be: được
hiểu là, được cho là
24. ……… in humans In our own species, limbic humans = our own species: loài
is associated with damage is closely related to người
limbic disruption. sociopathic behaviour.
(Paragraph 6, line 5) damage: tổn hại
disruption: sự gây xáo trộn
associated with = closely related to:

có liên quan tới
25. An industrial [...] a railway worker named industrial: công nghiệp

accident caused Phineas Gage survived an railway: đường sắt
Phineas Gage to lose incident during which a metal
part of his ……… . rod skewered his skull, taking a accident ~ incident: tai nạn
(Paragraph 7, line 1) considerable amount of his
neocortex with it. lose: mất
take sth with sth: thứ gì lấy đi thứ gì
part ~ a considerable amount: một

phần (đáng kể)
26. After his accident, Though Gage continued to live after his incident: sau tai nạn của
co-workers noticed an and work as before, his fellow anh ấy
imbalance between employees observed a shift in live and work as before: sống và làm
Gage’s ..................... the equilibrium of his việc như trước
and higher-order personality. Gage’s animal
thinking. propensities were now sharply co-workers = fellow employees:
(Paragraph 7, line 3) pronounced while his intellectual đồng nghiệp
abilities suffered;
imbalance = shift in the equilibrium:
mất cân bằng
higher-order thinking= intellectual

abilities: suy nghĩ bậc cao, trí khôn
27-31: Matching information
27. A use for helium But helium is also instrumental in make sth safer: làm cho an toàn hơn
which makes an deep-sea diving, where it is mitigate the dangers: làm giảm thiểu
activity safer blended with nitrogen to mitigate nguy hiểm
(Paragraph C) the dangers of inhaling ordinary
air under high pressure; [...]
28. The possibility of [...] its unique qualities are create an alternative: tạo ra một thứ
creating an extraordinarily difficult, if not để thay thế
alternative to helium impossible to duplicate [...] duplicate: nhân bản, tạo ra cái gì đó
(Paragraph D, line 2) giống bản gốc
29. A term which The helium is mostly trapped in process = method: phương pháp,
describes the process subterranean natural gas phương thức
of how helium is taken bunkers and commercially
out of the ground extracted through a method take out of the ground = extract: khai
(Paragraph B, line 7) known as fractional distillation. thác từ lòng đất
30. A reason why users [...] the result of this fire sale is make efforts: bỏ công làm gì đó
of helium do not make that global helium prices are so be bothered: buồn làm gì đó
efforts to conserve it artificially deflated that few can
(Paragraph E, line 5) be bothered recycling the conserve = use sth judiciously: sử
substance or using it dụng tiết kiệm, hợp lý
judiciously.
31. A contrast between Helium – an inert, odourless, non-scientists = lay people: người
helium’s chemical monatomic element known to lay thường (không phải nhà khoa học)
properties and how people as the substance that
non-scientists think makes balloons float and voices
about it squeak when inhaled - [...]
(Paragraph A, line 3)
32-35: YES / NO / NOT GIVEN
32. Helium chooses to Helium is even cheerfully derided be on one’s own: ở một mình
be on its own. as a “loner” element since it does not adhere to sth: không dính vào
=> YES not adhere to other molecules thứ gì
(Paragraph D, line 5) like its cousin, hydrogen.
33. Helium is a very Another important attribute is cold: lạnh

cold substance. helium’s unique boiling point, low boiling point: điểm (nhiệt độ) sôi
=> NOT GIVEN which is lower than that for any thấp
(paragraph D, line 9) other element.
(No information on its normal substance: chất
temperature) element: nguyên tố
34. High-tech There is an enormous supply and industries: ngành

industries in Asia use demand imbalance partly brought manufacturing: ngành chế tạo
more helium than about by the expansion of
laboratories and high-tech manufacturing in Asia.
manufacturers in other (No comparison given)
parts of the world.
=> NOT GIVEN
(Paragraph D, line 14)
35. The US Congress Although intended to settle the understand (v) >< ignorant (adj):
understood the original cost of the reserve by a hiểu >< làm ngơ
consequences of the U.S. Congress ignorant of its
HPA. ramifications, [...] consequences = ramifications: hậu
=> NO quả
(Paragraph E, line 3)
36-40: Summary Completion
Sobotka argues that As Sobotka notes: "[...] the big business = corporation: doanh
big business and question now is: Will the nghiệp lớn, tập đoàn
users of helium need corporations have the vision to
to help look after capture it when extracting natural users = consumers: người sử dụng,
helium stocks because gas, and consumers the wisdom khách hàng
(36) ……… will not be to recycle? This takes long-term
encouraged through vision because present market encourage = compel: khuyến khích
buying and selling forces are not sufficient to
alone. compel prudent practice”.
(Paragraph E, line 8) market force: sức ép của thị trường
buying and selling: mua và bán,
cung và cầu
Richardson believes For Nobel-prize laureate Robert repeal = withdraw: bãi bỏ

that the (37) ……… Richardson, the U.S. government
needs to be must be prevailed upon to repeal provide = supply: cung cấp
withdrawn, as the U.S. its privatisation policy as the
provides most of the country supplies over 80 per most: hầu hết
world’s helium. cent of global helium, mostly over 80 per cent: hơn 80%
(paragraph E, line 12) from the National Helium
Reserve. global (adj) = world’s (sở hữu cách):
thế giới
He argues that higher For Richardson, a twenty- to higher costs = increase in prices:
costs would mean fifty-fold increase in prices tăng giá
people have (38) would provide incentives to
……… to use the recycle. use sth many times over = recycle:
resource many times tái chế
over.
(Paragraph E, line 14)
People should need a Firstly, all existing supplies of access: truy cập, sử dụng
(39) .................... to helium ought to be conserved release: phát hành, phân phối
access helium that we and released only by permit, [...]
still have. sth that we still have: thứ mà chúng
(Paragraph F, line 2) ta vẫn còn
existing supply of sth: nguồn cung
còn lại của thứ gì đó
Furthermore, a (40) Secondly, conservation should ensure = enforce: đảm bảo, bắt
.................... should be obligatory and enforced by a buộc thi hành
ensure that helium is regulatory agency.
used carefully. use sth carefully (v) = conservation
(n): dùng tiết kiệm
TEST 2
1-7: Matching Headings
1. Section A The shepherds of the North Caucasus fortunate: may mắn

=> viii. A fortunate region of Europe were only trying to significant discovery: khám phá
accident transport milk [...] when they made a đáng kể, quan trọng
significant discovery. A fermentation blessing in disguise: phước
process would sometimes inadvertently lành ngụy trang
occur en route [...] This unexpected
development was a blessing in disguise. accident (n) = inadvertently
(adv) = unexpected (adj): bất
ngờ, không lường trước
2. Section B [...] in contradistinction to most other items the gift that keeps on giving:
=> iii. The gift that you might find in a grocery store, they món quà vô hạn (giống niêu
keeps on giving actually expand and propagate with use. cơm Thạch Sanh)
expand and propagate with
use: càng dùng càng nở ra
3. Section C The great thing about kefir is that it does make = produce: làm, sản xuất
=> vii. Making kefir not require a manufacturing line in
order to be produced. [...]
4. Section D The smooth, uniform consistency rolls over sensory: giác quan
=> i. A unique the tongue in a manner akin to liquefied tongue: lưỡi (vị giác)
sensory yogurt. [...] Kefir also comes with a subtle aroma: mùi hương (khứu giác)
experience aroma of yeast, [...]
5. Section E [...] over the years kefir has acquired a applications = uses: công dụng
=> vi. Culinary number of other uses.
applications
6. Section F [...] These days the word kefir is image (n): hình tượng
=> ix. Kefir gets an consequently more likely to bring to mind bring to mind (v): khiến ai liên
image makeover glamorous, yoga mat-toting women from tưởng đến điều gì
Los Angeles than austere visions of
blustery Eastern Europe.
7. Section G A return to the unadulterated kefir-making back to basics ~ return: trở về

=> ii. Getting back of old is in everyone’s interest. nguyên bản
to basics sth of old: của ngày xưa cũ
8-11: Short-Answer Questions
8. What do kefir (Paragraph B, line 4) look like = bear a resemblance

grains look like? the grains, which are granular to the touch to: trông giống
and bear a slight resemblance to
cauliflower rosettes, [...]
9. What needs to (Paragraph C, line 2)

happen to kefir Grains can be simply thrown in with a
while it is batch of milk for ripening to begin. The
ripening? mixture then requires a cool, dark place to
live and grow, with periodic unsettling to
prevent clumping [...]
10. What will the (Paragraph C, line 6) consumed = devoured: tiêu

yeast cultures After about 24 hours the yeast thụ, ăn
have consumed cultures in the grains have multiplied and
before kefir is devoured most of the milk sugars, and the kefir = final product: sản phẩm
ready to drink? final product is then ready for human cuối cùng (ngụ ý)
consumption.
ready to drink ~ ready for
human consumption: sẵn sàng
để con người uống/tiêu thụ
11. The texture of (Paragraph D, line 1) mouth: miệng

kefir in the mouth The smooth, uniform consistency rolls over tongue: lưỡi
is similar to what? the tongue in a manner akin to liquefied
yogurt. similar to = akin to: giống
12-13: Pick from a List
Which TWO (Paragraph E) replace (v): thay thế

products are NOT
mentioned as
things which kefir
can replace?
A. Ordinary cow’s Kefir [...] can be used in lieu of regular in lieu of: thay cho
milk cow’s milk on granola or cereal.
B. Buttermilk [...] the tangy flavour also makes kefir an substitute (n): lựa chọn thay
ideal buttermilk substitute in pancakes. thế => trái nghĩa
C. Sour cream Kefir also accompanies sour cream as accompany (v): đồng hành,
one of the main ingredients in cold beetroot dùng chung với
soup [...]
D. Starter yeast Many bakers use it instead of starter yeast instead of: thay cho
in the preparation of sourdough,
E. Yoghurt [...] athletes sometimes combine kefir with combine (v): kết hợp
yoghurt in protein shakes. => trái nghĩa
14 Section A (Line 3) pioneer: nhà tiên phong

=> vi. A cultural The prospect of eating dishes such as of one’s time: của thời đó
pioneer “wireworm sauce” and “slug soup” failed to
garner favour amongst those in the stuffy,
cultural (adj): văn hóa
proper, Victorian social milieu of his time,
social milieu (n): môi trường xã
[...]
hội, văn hóa, phong tục
15 Section B (Line 1) growing: tăng dần, lớn dần

=> ix. Growing It has taken nearly 150 years but an mount around: phát triển xung
popularity eclectic Western-driven movement has quanh
finally mounted around the entomophagic
cause.
16 Section C (Line 7) technology: công nghệ

=> v. Tradition A new American company, for example, is machines: máy móc
meets technology attempting to develop pressurisation
machines that would de-shell insects and
make them available in the form of cutlets.
17 Section D (Line 3) environmentally friendly: thân

=> iv. Insects produce less ammonia than pig thiện với môi trường
Environmentally and poultry farming, ten times less produce less: sinh ra ít (khí
friendly production methane than livestock, and 300 times thải) hơn
less nitrous oxide. Huis also notes that
insects [...] can convert food to protein at a
rate far superior to that of cows, [...]
18 Section E (Line 4) healthy (adj): lành mạnh, an

=> x. A healthy Because bugs are genetically distant from toàn cho sức khỏe
choice humans, species-hopping diseases [...] diseases (n): bệnh dịch
are much less likely to start or spread less likely to do sth: ít khả năng
amongst grasshoppers or slugs than in làm gì hơn
poultry and cattle. start: (dịch bệnh) bùng lên
spread: (dịch bệnh) lan truyền
19 Section F (Line 7) the poor: người nghèo (nói

=> ii. The poor This could provide a crucial step into the chung)
may benefit global economic arena for those primarily rural: vùng nông thôn
rural, impoverished populations [...] impoverished: nghèo đói
population: nhóm dân số
20 Section G (Line 1) locals (n): người trong vùng,

=> vii. Western One problem is the damage that has been người bản địa
practices harm caused, and continues to be caused, by in the area: trong vùng
locals Western organisations [...]
(Line 8)
Children in the area were once protected
against kwashiorkor
by a diet high in grasshoppers [...]
21 Section H (Line 7) presentation (n): cách trình

=> iii. “If you say it’s mealworms, it makes people bày, cách diễn đạt
Presentation is think of ringworm”, he notes. “So stop change attitudes: thay đổi thái
key to changing saying ‘worm’. If we use Latin names, say độ
attitudes it’s a Tenebrio quiche, it sounds much sounds more fancy: nghe sang
more fancy”. chảnh hơn
22-26: Note Completion
Van Huis (Paragraph D, line 3) release (v): thải ra

• Insects are Insects produce less ammonia than pig produce (v): sản xuất, sản sinh
cleaner & do not and poultry farming, ten times less
release as many methane than livestock, and 300 times less
harmful gases nitrous oxide. Huis also notes that insects production of protein (n): việc
• Insects use food – being cold-blooded creatures – can sản xuất protein
intake convert food to protein at a rate far convert food to protein (v):
economically in the superior to that of cows, since the latter chuyển hóa thức ăn thành
production of exhaust much of their energy just keeping protein
protein as they themselves warm.
waste less (22) waste (v): tiêu tốn
..................... exhaust (v): thải ra
Durst (Paragraph F, line 2) cover = meet: đạt được, bảo

• Traditional [...] in developing countries many rural đảm được
knowledge could people and traditional forest dwellers
be combined with have remarkable knowledge about help sb gain access to =
modern methods managing insect populations to produce provide a step into: giúp ai đó
for mass food. Until now, they have only used this làm gì, tiếp cận cái gì
production instead knowledge to meet their own subsistence people ~ populations: nhóm
of just covering needs (23), but Durst believes that, with người
(23) ..................... the adoption of modern technology and
• This could help improved
(24) ..................... promotional methods, [...] This could
people gain provide a crucial step into the global world markets = global
access to world economic arena for those primarily rural, economic arena: thị trường thế
markets. impoverished (24) populations [...] giới
Dunkel [...] a protein deficiency syndrome called more ppl are suffering from:
• Due to increased kwashiorkor (25) was increasing in càng ngày càng nhiều người
(25) ....................., incidence. Children in the area were once phải chịu (bệnh)
more children in protected against kwashiorkor by a diet increase in incidence: tăng số
Mali are suffering high in grasshoppers, but these had ca mắc
from (26) become unsafe to eat after pesticide use
................... (26) in the area increased.
27. My most (Paragraph 3, line 5) most important (adj): quan

important concern In an agape (D) relationship one partner trọng nhất
is that my partner becomes a “caretaker”, exalting the exalt (v): nâng cao, tôn lên
is happy. welfare of the other above his or her own
needs. happy (adj): vui, hạnh phúc
welfare (n): sự an lạc, hạnh
phúc
28. I enjoy having (Paragraph 4, line 2) many (detr): nhiều

many romantic The ludus (E) style envisions relationships a diverse set of sth: một nhóm
partners. primarily as a game in which it is best to nhiều thứ gì đó
[...] experience a diverse set of partners
over time.
29. I feel that my (Paragraph 2, line 2) inevitability: không thể tránh

partner and I were Characteristic of this style (eros - A) is [...] khỏi
always going to a sense of inevitability about the
end up together. relationship.
30. I want to be (Paragraph 3, line 3) develop = build: xây dựng,

friends first and Relationships built on a foundation of phát triển
then let romance platonic affection and caring are
develop later. archetypal of storge (C).
friends (n) = platonic (adj): thân
thiết ở mức bạn bè
31. I always feel (Paragraph 2, line 6) ecstasy (n) = very excited (adj):
either very excited Vast swings in mood from ecstasy to hưng phấn
or absolutely agony [...] are typical of manic (B) love.
miserable about agony (n) = absolutely
my relationship. mirserable (adj): đau khổ
32. I prefer to keep (Paragraph 4, line 4) keep sth to oneself (v) = lack of
many aspects of [...] deception of a partner and lack of disclosure (n): giấu diếm, bí ẩn
my love life to disclosure about one’s activities are also
myself. typical.
=> (E)
33. When I am in (Paragraph 2, line 5) obsessive (adj): ám ảnh

love, that is all I A related but more frantic style of love compulsive (adj): cưỡng ép
can think about. called mania (B) involves an obsessive,

compulsive attitude toward one’s partner.
34. I know before I (Paragraph 4, line 11) qualities = attributes: phẩm

meet someone [...] anyone who seeks an ideal partner chất
what qualities I with a shopping list of necessary
need in a partner. attributes [...] fits the classification.
=> (F)
35. People’s (Paragraph 5, line 3) notions of love ~ stories about

notions of love [...] the theory of love as a story, “whereby love: chuyện tình, cái nhìn về
affect their the interaction of our personal attributes tình yêu
relationships, with the environment [...] leads to the
rather than vice development of stories about love that we affect (v): ảnh hưởng tới
versa. then seek to fulfil, to the extent possible, fulfil in one’s life: đạt được
=> YES in our lives.” trong cuộc sống
36. Some of our (Paragraph 6, line 1) important (adj) = significance

love stories are Sternberg’s research demonstrates that we (n): quan trọng
more important to may have predilections toward multiple vary in weight: có trọng lượng
us than others. love stories, each represented in a mental khác nhau (ưu tiên ít hay
=> YES hierarchy and varying in weight in terms nhiều)
of their personal significance.
37. Our love stories (Paragraph 6, line 6) change = adapt: thay đổi (để
can change to It is also the case that stories have varying thích nghi)
meet the needs of abilities to adapt to a given cultural milieu
particular social and its respective demands. needs = demands: (các) đòi
environments. hỏi
=> YES
social environments = cultural
milieu: môi trường xã hội
38. We look for (Paragraph 7, line 5) complement (v): tôn lên

romantic partners Certainly, it is clear that we look for compatible (adj): tương thích
with a love story partners with love stories that complement identical match = like one’s
just like our own. and are compatible with our own own: giống của ai
=> NO narratives. But they do not have to be an
identical match.
39. The most No mention of successful partners N/A

successful partners
have matching love
stories.
=> NOT GIVEN
40. No love story is (Paragraph 7, line 8) no more [adj] than other: không
more suited to a Not all love stories, however, are equally có cái nào hơn cái nào (so
long relationship well predisposed to relationship sánh ngang bằng)
than any other. longevity; not all are equal: không phải tất
=> NO cả đều ngang bằng
be suited to = be predisposed
to: có khuynh hướng
TEST 3
1-6: Matching Information
1 How electroreception (Paragraph C, line 1) reproduce (v): sinh sản

can be used to help fish Animals with active mate (v): giao phối
reproduce electroreception possess
bodily organs that generate
special electric signals on cue.
These can be used for mating
signals [...]
2 A possible use for (Paragraph G, line 7)

electroreception that will In areas where shark attacks on
benefit humans humans are likely to occur,
scientists are exploring ways to
create artificial
electroreceptors that would
disorient the sharks and repel
them from swimming beaches.
3 The term for the capacity (Paragraph B, line 2) capacity (n) = ability: khả năng
which enables an animal to [...] some animals have the
pick up but not send out ability – known as passive
electrical signals electroreception – to receive
and decode electric signals pick up (v) = receive: nhận, bắt
generated by other animals in (sóng, tín hiệu)
order to sense their location.
4 Why only creatures that (Paragraph A, line 6) aquatic (adj) = living in water:
live in or near water have This ability is only found in sống dưới nước
electroreceptive abilities aquatic or amphibious amphibious (adj) = living near
species because water is an water: sống gần nước
efficient conductor of electricity.
creatures (n): sinh vật
species (n): loài
5 How electroreception (Paragraph H, line 4) find one’s way over long

might help creatures find Scientists are also exploring the distances (v): tìm đường cự ly dài
their way over long role electroreception plays in navigation (n): định vị, tìm đường
distances navigation. Some have migratory (adj): liên quan đến di
proposed that salt water and cư
magnetic fields from the Earth’s
core may interact to form creatures (n): sinh vật
electrical currents that sharks sharks (n): cá mập
use for migratory purposes.
6 A description of how (Paragraph D, line 3) disrupt (v): gây nhiễu loạn

some fish can avoid When two such electric fish jammed (adj): bị kẹt
disrupting each other’s meet in the ocean using the
electric signals same frequency, each fish will
then shift the frequency of its
discharge so that they are
signal (n): tín hiệu
transmitting on different
discharge (n): luồng điện, tín hiệu
frequencies. Doing so prevents
phóng ra
their electroreception faculties
from becoming jammed.
7-9: Labeling a Diagram
Shark’s 7 ..................... (Paragraph E, line 4) sharks (n): cá mập

alert the young ray to its Because marine life of various predators (n): loài săn mồi
presence types is often travelling past,
the embryo has evolved only to
react to signals that are alert (v): báo động
characteristic of the respiratory react (v): phản ứng
movements of potential
predators such as sharks.
presence (n): sự xuất hiện
=> signals OR repsiratory
travel past (v): đi ngang qua
movements
Embryo moves its 8 (Paragraph E, line 3) move (v): cử động

..................... in order to The embryos keep their tails in constant motion (n): chuyển động
breathe constant motion so as to liên tục
pump water and allow them to
breathe through the egg’s in order to = so as to: để làm gì
casing.
=> tail (singular)
Embryo stops sending 9 (Paragraph E, line 4) stops sending (v) = ceases

..................... when If the embryo’s electroreceptors transmitting: dừng gửi/truyền đi
predator close by detect the presence of a
predatory fish in the vicinity, predator (n): loài săn mồi
however, the embryo stops predatory fish (n): loài cá săn mồi
moving (and in so doing ceases
transmitting electric currents) close by = in the vicinity: ở gần
until the fish has moved on.
A shark is a very effective (Paragraph F, line 3) very effective (adj): vô cùng hiệu
hunter. Firstly, it uses its 10 Sharks, meanwhile, hunt with quả
.................... to smell its extraordinary precision. They extraordinary precision (n): độ
target. initially lock onto their prey chính xác cực cao
through a keen sense of smell
(two thirds of a shark’s brain is prey (n) = target: con mồi, mục
devoted entirely to its olfactory tiêu
organs).
When the shark gets close, (Paragraph F, line 5) gets close (v) = reaches
it uses 11 .................... to As the shark reaches proximity: tới gần
guide it toward an proximity to its prey, it tunes
accurate attack. Within the into electric signals that ensure uses (v): sử dụng
final few feet the shark rolls a precise strike on its target tunes into: (v): bắt sóng
its eyes back into its head. [...]
accurate attack (n) = precise
strike: đòn tấn công chuẩn xác
Humans are not popular (Paragraph G, line 4) popular (adj): được yêu thích
food sources for most [...] (our sinewy muscle does compare well with (v): so bì được
sharks due to their 12 not compare well with với
..................... plumper, softer prey such as
seals).
Nevertheless, once a shark (Paragraph G, line 5) possible (adj) = likely: khả thi, dễ
has bitten a human, a Repeat attacks are highly xảy ra
repeat attack is highly likely once a human is
possible as salt from the bleeding, however; the force of force (n) = intensity: cường độ
blood increases the the electric field is heightened
intensity of the 13 by salt in the blood which
..................... creates the perfect setting for a increase (v) = heighten: tăng cao
feeding frenzy.
14-18: Matching endings
14 Bids to become a host (Paragraph 2, line 2) take (v) = exhaust (v): tiêu tốn
city | can take up to ten [...] while officially bidding only (thời gian)
years to complete. (E) takes two years [...], most cities
can expect to exhaust a ten years = a decade
decade working on their bid [...] (10 năm = 1 thập kỷ)
15 Personal relationships (Paragraph 2, line 9) personal relationships (n) =

and political tensions | All of this can be for nothing if a private connections: quan hệ cá
often underlie the bidding city does not appease nhân, riêng tư (mối quen biết)
decisions of International the whims of IOC members –
Olympic Committee private connections and political tensions (n): căng thẳng
members. (J) opinions on government chính trị
conduct often hold sway [...]. opinions on government conduct
(n): ý kiến về cách chính phủ hoạt
động
underlie the decisions (v) = hold

sway: làm cho thay đổi quyết định
16 Cost estimates for the (Paragraph 3, line 2) cost estimates (n) = budgeting
Olympic Games | are As is typical with large-scale, (v): dự tính chi tiêu
known for being very one-off projects, budgeting for
inaccurate. (I) the Olympics is a notoriously known for being inaccurate: nổi
formidable task. tiếng là không chính xác
notoriously formidable task (n):
công việc khó nhằn
17 Purpose-built sporting (Paragraph 4, line 5) world-class complexes: phức hợp

venues | are often never Despite the enthusiasm many thể thao chuẩn thế giới
used again once the populations initially have for the purpose-built venues: nhà thi đấu
Games are over. (D) development of world-class cho nhu cầu đặc thù
sporting complexes in their
home towns, these complexes fall into disuse (v) = never used
typically fall into disuse after again: không còn được sử dụng
the Olympic fervour has
waned. Olympic fervour (n) = (Olympic)
Games: “nhiệt” Olympic
waned (adj) = over: kết thúc
18 Urban developments (Paragraph 5, line 5) occur in (v): xảy ra ở

associated with the [...] the improvement of public concentrate in (v): tập trung ở
Olympics | tend to occur in transport, roads and
areas where they are least communication links tends to areas (n) = places: khu vực
needed. (B) concentrate in places already
well-equipped with world-class developments = improvements:
infrastructures. sự nâng cấp
already well-equipped (adj) =

least needed: đã có đủ, không
cần nữa
19-25: TRUE / FALSE / NOT GiVEN
19 Residents of host (Paragraph 4, line 2) extensive demands: đòi hỏi đa

cities have little use for the The extensive demands of dạng
full range of Olympic Olympic sports [...] are typically full range of facilities: toàn bộ các
facilities. only necessary to trang thiết bị
=> TRUE accommodate a brief influx of
athletes from around the world. a brief influx of athletes: nhu cầu
tạm thời của các vận động viên
residents of host cities: cư dân
của thành phố đăng cai
20 Australians have still not No information N/A

paid for the construction of
Olympic sports facilities.
=> NOT GIVEN
21 People far beyond the (Paragraph 5, line 2) developments (n) = improved

host city can expect to [...] when civic infrastructure (adj): được nâng cấp, cải tạo
benefit from improved developments are undertaken
infrastructure. in preparation for hosting the
=> FALSE Olympics, these benefits accrue
to a single metropolitan centre
[...]. In countries with an
expansive land mass, this
means vast swathes of the
population miss out entirely.
22 It is difficult for small (Paragraph 5, line 10) small (adj) = minor: nhỏ, yếu thế
cities to win an Olympic Perpetually by-passing minor
bid. cities creates a cycle of difficult for sb to win: khó để
=> TRUE disenfranchisement: these cities thắng
never get an injection of capital, fail to become first-rate
they fail to become first-rate candidates: không thể trở thành
candidates, and they are ứng viên hạng nhất (được ưu tiên
constantly passed over in lựa chọn)
favour of more secure choices.
23 When a city makes an No information N/A

Olympic bid, a majority of its
citizens usually want it to
win.
=> NOT GIVEN
24 Whether or not people (Paragraph 6, line 1) The “feel good” factor that most
enjoy hosting the The “feel good” factor that proponents of Olympic bids extol:
Olympics in their city most proponents of Olympic Sự “hài lòng” mà người ủng hộ
depends on how athletes bids extol [...] is tied to that tranh cử đăng cai Olympic bày tỏ
from their country nation’s standing on the Whether or not people enjoy
perform in Olympic medal tables. hosting the Olympics in their city:
events. Việc người dân ủng hộ đăng cai
=> TRUE Olympic hay không
be tied to = depends on: phụ

thuộc vào
a nation’s standing on the medal

tables: thứ hạng của quốc gia

trên bảng tổng sắp huy chương
how athletes from a country
perform in Olympic events: VĐV
của quốc gia thể hiện như thế
nào ở các môn thi Olympic
25 Fewer people than (Paragraph 6, line 7) deter (v): xua đuổi

normal visited Greece [...] (Greece’s preparation for fewer people than usual visited: ít
during the run up to the Athens 2004 famously khách du lịch hơn bình thường
Athens Olympics. deterred tourists from visiting
the country [...]). preparation (n) = run up: sự
=> TRUE chuẩn bị
Which TWO of the following (Paragraph 7, line 1) current (adj) = modern: hiện tại
does the author propose as There are feasible alternatives
alternatives to the current to the bloat, extravagance and
Olympics? wasteful spending that comes
with a modern Olympic Games.
A The Olympics should be (Paragraph 8, line 1) scrap (v) = cancel: xóa bỏ

cancelled in favour of Failing that, the Olympics could
individual competitions simply be scrapped altogether. world championships in each
for each sport. International competition could discipline = individual
still be maintained through competitions for each sport: các
world championships in each cuộc thi cấp quốc tế cho từng
discipline. môn thể thao
B The Olympics should (Paragraph 7, line 8) concentrate on (v) = focus on: tập
focus on ceremony rather Stripping away ritual and trung vào
than competition. decorum in favour of
concentrating on athletic ceremony (n): phần lễ, nghi thức
rivalry would be preferable. ritual and decorum: nghi lễ và
trang hoàng
athletic rivalry (n) = competition:

sự cạnh tranh (trong thể thao)
C The Olympics should be (Paragraph 7, line 2) permanent host city (n): thành
held in the same city every One option is to designate a phố đăng cai vĩnh cửu (không
time. permanent host city that thay đổi)
would be re-designed or built the same city every time: dùng
from scratch especially for the cùng 1 thành phố cho mỗi lần tổ
task. chức
D The Olympics should be (Paragraph 7, line 4) extend the duration: kéo dài thời
held over a month rather Another is to extend the gian (tổ chức Olympic)
than seventeen days. duration of the Olympics so held over [period of time]: tổ chức
that it becomes a festival of trong vòng [bao lâu]
several months.
E The Olympics should be N/A (Not given/mentioned) N/A

made smaller by getting rid
of unnecessary and
unpopular sports.

28 It is unclear where (Paragraph 1, line 2) where neutrinos come from:

neutrinos come from. sub-atomic particles known as nguồn gốc của neutrino
=> FALSE neutrinos – progeny of the progeny of the sun’s radioactive
sun’s radioactive debris – can debris: con cháu/hậu bối của tàn
exceed the speed of light. dư phóng xạ đến từ mặt trời
29 Neutrinos can pass (Paragraph 1, line 3) penetrate (v) = pass through: đi

through a person’s body The unassuming particle it is qua, xuyên qua
without causing harm. electrically neutral, small but
=> TRUE with a “non-zero mass” and the human form (n) = a person’s
able to penetrate the human body: cơ thể người
form undetected – [...]
undetected: không để lại dấu vết
without causing harm: không để
lại hậu quả
30 It took scientists (Paragraph 2, line 1) scientists (n): nhà khoa học

between 50-70 Researchers [...] in Geneva researchers (n): nhà nghiên cứu
nanoseconds to send the sent the neutrinos [...] toward
neutrinos from Geneva to their colleagues [...] 730
Italy. kilometres away in Gran Sasso,
=> NOT GIVEN Italy. The neutrinos arrived promptly (adv): nhanh chóng
promptly [...]
31 Researchers accounted (Paragraph 3, line 6) lunar (adj): liên quan đến mặt
for effects the moon might The duration of the experiment trăng (moon)
have had on the also accounted for and ruled tidal (adj): liên quan đến thủy triều
experiment. out any possible lunar effects (hiện tượng do mặt trăng gây ra)
=> TRUE or tidal bulges in the earth’s
crust.
32 The theory of relativity (Paragraph 4, line 2) call into question (v) = push =
has often been called into [...] Einstein’s relativity theory challenge (n/v): thử thách
question unsuccessfully. has been “pushed harder than
=> TRUE any theory in the history of the come to no avail (v) =
physical sciences”. Yet each unsuccessful (adj): không thành
prior challenge has come to công
no avail, and relativity has so refuse to buckle (v): không chịu
far refused to buckle. nhúc nhích
33 This experiment could (Paragraph 5, line 3) harrness (v): ứng dụng, sử dụng
soon lead to some If particles can travel faster than left to future generations: để lại
practical uses for time light, in theory travelling back in cho các thế hệ sau này
travel. time is possible. How anyone soon lead to practical uses: sớm
=> FALSE harnesses that to some kind of dẫn tới ứng dụng thực tiễn
helpful end is far beyond the
scope of any modern
technologies, however, and will
be left to future generations
to explore.
34-39: Table Completion
(René Barjavel - (Paragraph 6, line 8) facilitate (v) = allow for: cho phép,
Grandfather paradox) [...] time travel is able to tạo điều kiện
Time travel would allow for facilitate past actions that
34 ............... that would mean time travel itself cannot
impossible (adj) = cannot occur:
actually make time travel occur.
bất khả thi, không thể xảy ra
impossible.
(Igor Novikov - (Paragraph 7, line 3) alter (v) = affect: thay đổi

Self-consistency principle) It would be possible, however,
It is only possible to alter to “affect” rather than “change”
history in ways that result historical outcomes if travellers avoid sth (v) = result in no sth:
in no 35 ..................... . avoided all inconsistencies. tránh điều gì đó xảy ra
36 .................. (original (Paragraph 8, line 1) many-worlds interpretation =

theorist) - Many-worlds A further possibility is that of parallel universes: các vũ trụ
interpretation parallel universes. song song; đa thế giới
Popularised by Bryce
Seligman DeWitt in the 1960s seminal formulation: nghiên cứu
(from the seminal formulation sơ khai, định hình
of Hugh Everett), the original theorist: học giả đầu tiên
many-worlds interpretation popularize: khiến cho được biết
holds that [...] tới
Each possible event has (Paragraph 8, line 3) possible event (n) = conceivable
an 37 ....................., so a [...] an alternative pathway for occurence: sự kiện khả thi
time traveller changing the every conceivable occurrence
past would simply end up in actually exists. If we were to alterations (n): sự thay đổi
a different branch of send someone back in time, [...] change the past: thay đổi quá
history than the one he left. any alterations would divert khứ
that person down a new
historical trajectory. new historical trajectory (n) =
different branch of history: nhánh
khác của lịch sử
Unknown original theorist (Paragraph 9, line 1) unidentified (adj): chưa được xác
- 38 .................. (theory) A final hypothesis, one of định
unidentified provenance, unknown (adj): không rõ
reroutes itself quite efficiently
around the grandfather provenance (n): nguồn gốc
paradox. Non-existence theory original theorist (n): học giả đầu
suggests exactly that – [...] tiên
If a time traveller changed (Paragraph 9, line 3) alter (v) = change: thay đổi
the past to prevent his [...] a person would quite simply
future life, he would not never exist if they altered their ancestry (n): tổ tiên, gia phả
have a 39 ..................... as ancestry in ways that past (n): quá khứ
the person never existed. obstructed their own birth.
[...] Their “historical identity” obstruct (v) = prevent: ngăn cản
would be gone.
birth (n): việc sinh đẻ
future life: cuộc sống tương lai
40: Multiple-Choice Question
Stephen Hawking has (Paragraph 10, line 2) believe (v): tin rằng
stated that World-renowned astrophysicist state (v): nói, cho biết
Stephen Hawking believes that
[...]
C Human time travel might (Paragraph 10, line 3) travel into the future = move
be possible, but only [...] humans could feasibly forward in time: tiến tới tương lai
moving forward in time. travel millions of years into the
future [...]. (Hawking concedes bygone eras (n): thời kỳ trước
that bygone eras are off limits (= past)
– [...]). off limits: bị cấm, không thể làm
TEST 4
1-6: Classification
1 It is at the forefront of the (Paragraph 1, line 5) lead (v) = be at the forefront:

pack when it makes a kill. However, it does not lead the dẫn đầu, đừng đầu
=> B (the beta wolf) pack into the hunt [...]. That is
the responsibility of the beta the hunt (n): cuộc đi săn mồi
wolf [...] make a kill (v): giết con mồi
2 It tries to calm tensions (Paragraph 2, line 6) peacemaker (n): người hòa giải
and settle disputes between [The omega plays] the role of intervene (v): can thiệp
pack members. peacemaker by intervening in defuse the situation (v): làm dịu
=> D (the omega wolf) an intra-pack squabble and tình hình
defusing the situation by
clowning around. squabble (n) = dispute: cãi vã
intra-pack (adj) = between pack

member: nằm trong nội bộ của
đàn
3 It is the wolf in charge and (Paragraph 1, line 3) supreme leader (n) = in charge:
maintains control over the The supreme leader is a very lãnh đạo tối cao
pack. experienced wolf – the alpha –
=> A (the alpha wolf) who has dominance over the have dominance (v) =
whole pack. maintains control: nắm quyền
điều khiển, điều hành
4 It warns the leader of (Paragraph 2, line 1) alert (v) = warn: cảnh báo
potential danger. The tester [...] will alert the
=> C (the tester wolf) alpha if it encounters anything alpha (n) = leader wolf
suspicious [...]
suspicious (adj) = potential
danger (n): nguy hiểm tiềm
tàng
5 It protects the leader of (Paragraph 1, line 9) bodyguard (n): vệ sĩ

the pack. The beta [...] is both the protect (v): bảo vệ
=> B (the beta wolf) disciplinarian of the pack and
the alpha’s bodyguard. alpha (n) = leader wolf
6 It sets up a trial to (Paragraph 2, line 3) deserving (adj) = worthy: xứng

determine whether a wolf is [The tester] is also the quality đánh
worthy of its status in the controller, ensuring that the
pack. others are deserving of their place (n) = status: thứ bậc
=> C (the tester wolf) place in the pack. It does this by
creating a situation that tests create (v) = set up: tạo ra
their bravery and courage, by
starting a fight, for instance. situation (n): tình huống
trial (n): thử thách
test (v): thử thách, kiểm tra

determine (v): xác định
7 Wolves are a constant (Paragraph 4, line 4) rarely attack: hiếm khi tấn công
danger to humans. [Wolves] rarely attack humans constant danger: nguy hiểm
=> FALSE unless their safety is threatened thường trực
in some way.
8 Crossbred wolves or sick (Paragraph 4, line 5) hybrid (adj) = crossbred: lai tạo
wolves are most likely to It has been suggested that
blame for attacks on hybrid wolf-dogs or wolves rabies (n): bệnh dại
people. suffering from rabies are sick (adj): ốm, bị bệnh
=> TRUE actually responsible for many
of the historical offences as responsible (adj) = most likely
well as more recent incidents. to blame: phải chịu trách nhiệm
offences (n) = incidents =

attacks: sự vụ tấn công
9 Canadian wolves prefer to (Paragraph 5, line 3)

eat fish, namely salmon. Some wolves in western
=> NOT GIVEN (no Canada are known to fish for
information about Canadian salmon.
wolves’ diet in general)
10 The wolf pack leader (Paragraph 5, line 3) alpha (n) = pack leader
identifies a particular target The alpha wolf picks out a
for attack by its smell. specific animal in a large herd specific animal (n): con vật, con
=> TRUE by the scent it leaves behind. mồi nhất định
particular target for attack: mục
tiêu nhất định để tấn công
scent (n) = smell: mùi hương
11 When wolves attack a (Paragraph 5, line 4) prey (n): con mồi

herd, they go after the The prey is often a very young, go after (v): bám theo, nhằm
healthiest animal. old or injured animal in poor vào
=> FALSE condition.
young, old (adj): trẻ/non, già
injured (adj): bị thương
poor condition: tình trạng yếu
healthy (adj): khỏe mạnh
12 The piece of a dead (Paragraph 6, line 3) carcass (n) = dead animal: xác
animal that a wolf may eat Every member of the family has động vật chết
depends on its status in the a designated spot at the
pack. carcass and the alpha directs designated spot (n) = the place
=> TRUE them to their places through that a wolf may eat: vị trí mà
various ear postures: con sói được phép ăn
place (n) = status: thứ bậc
13 A low-ranking wolf must (Paragraph 7, line 2) lesser-ranking (adj) =

show submission or the When a higher-ranking wolf low-ranking: thứ bậc thấp hơn
dominant wolf will attack it. approaches, a lesser-ranking
=> NOT GIVEN wolf must slow down, lower higher-ranking (adj) =
(no information on the itself, and pass to the side with dominant: thứ bậc cao hơn,
dominant attacking) head averted to show thống trị
deference; or, in an extreme act
of passive submission, it may deference (n) = submission: tôn
roll onto its back, exposing its trọng, phục tùng
throat and belly.
14-19: Matching Infromation
14 an explanation of how (Paragraph F, line 5) increase population density (v)

population expansion Suburban sprawl [...] brings an = population expansion (n):
exposes humans to immediate imbalance to the phát triển mật độ dân số
disease rural ecosystem, increasing
population density so people expose sb to sth (v): khiến ai
come into closer contact with tiếp xúc với cái gì
disease-carrying rodents or sb come into contact with sth:
other animals. ai đó lại gần cái gì
disease (n): bệnh tật

disease-carrying (adj): mang
bệnh
15 the idea that each person (Paragraph D, line 3) individual susceptibility (n) =
can react differently to the Another Randolph concept is each person can react
same risk factors that of individual susceptibility differently: mỗi người có một
or the variability in the response mức độ phản ứng riêng
of individuals to toxic agents. [...]
those exposed to the same risk
factors do not necessarily
develop the same disease [...]
16 types of disease-causing (Paragraph G, line 1) transimissible to humans (adj):

agents that move between Zoonoses, diseases of animals có thể lây (từ động vật) sang
species transmissible to humans, are người
a huge concern. Different move between species (v): lây
types of pathogens, including chéo giữa các loài khác nhau
bacteria, viruses, fungi and
parasites, cause zoonoses. pathogens (n) =
disease-causing agents: tác
nhân gây bệnh
17 examples of (Paragraph B, line 2) professionals (n) = specialists:

professionals working in the Practitioners of environmental chuyên gia
sphere of environmental medicine work in teams practitioners (n): thầy thuốc
medicine involving many other
specialists. As well as doctors,
clinicians and medical sphere (n) = teams involving
researchers, there may be sb: một nhóm nhỏ về lĩnh vực
marine and climate biologists, nào đó
[...]
18 a definition of (Paragraph A, line 1) definition (n): định nghĩa

environmental medicine In simple terms, environmental in simple terms: cách nói đơn
medicine deals with the giản
interaction between human and
animal health and the
environment.
19 how ill health results from (Paragraph C, line 2) illness (n) = ill health: bệnh tật,
an accumulation of [...] illness occurs when the sức khỏe yếu
environmental stressors body’s ability to detoxify
environmental excitants has excitants (n) = stressors: tác
reached its capacity. nhân gây mệt mỏi
capacity (n): ngưỡng giới hạn

accumulation (v): sự tích tụ
20-26: Sentence Completion
20 According to Dr Randolph, (paragraph E, line 2) suffer diseases from (v) = get

people get sick because of Dr Randolph suggested that [...] sick because of: bị bệnh do
.................... – in other words, many people suffer diseases
a failure to adjust to the from maladaptation, or an failure (n) = inability: không thể
modern environment. inability to deal with some of làm gì đó
the new substances that are
now part of our environment. deal with (v): xử lý
adjust to (v): thích nghi với
new (adj) = modern: mới, hiện

đại
21 Vague, far-off concepts (Paragraph F, line 1) look at sth together (v) = sth
like global warming are made Looking at the environment and are studied together: xem xét,
more urgent when health together is a way of nghiên cứu nhiều thứ cùng lúc
.................... are studied making distant and
together. nebulous notions, such as distant (adj) = far-off: xa xôi
global warming, more
immediate and important. nebulous (adj) = vague: mơ hồ
(“health and environment” is
also accepted) notions (n) = concepts: khái
niệm
such as = like: chẳng hạn như
immediate (adj) = urgent: tức

thời
22 Rising temperatures result (Paragraph F, line 2) mosquitoes (n): muỗi

in more widespread Even a slight rise in insects (n): côn trùng
distribution of disease temperature, which the world is
because some insects are already experiencing, has
able to .................... . immediate effects. Mosquitoes
can expand their range and feed
transfer (v) = distribute: truyền
on different migratory birds than
đi, phân phối
usual, resulting in these birds
transferring a disease into
other countries.
23 Large-scale removal of (Paragraph F, line 8) deforestation (n) = large-scale

trees forces wildlife from Deforestation also displaces removal of trees: phá rừng
their habitat and brings them feral animals that may then
into contact with infect domesticated animals, displace (v) = force sth from
.................... . which enter the food chain and sw: khiến cho cái gì phải rời đi
transmit the disease to people.
feral animals (n) = wildlife: động
vật hoang dã
infect (v): lây bệnh cho ai

bring sth into contact with sth:
khiến cái gì tiếp xúc với cái gì
24 Uncontrollable (paragraph G, line 5) viral zoonoses (n) = zoonotic

.................... of zoonotic Viral zoonoses [...] are on the viruses: virus gây bệnh lây từ
viruses are becoming more increase with more frequent, động vật sang người
numerous. often uncontainable,
outbreaks. on the increase = becoming
more numerous: tăng về số

lượng
uncontainable (adj) =
uncontrollable: không thể kiểm
soát, khống chế
25 Collaboration between (Paragraph H, line 2) cooperation (n) = collaboration:

many disciplines is needed [...] inter-professional sự hợp tác
to confront the problems of cooperation is crucial to meet
urban development, the challenges of dealing with inter-professional (adj) =
pollution, .................... and the effects of climate change, between many disciplines: giữa
new pathogens. emergent cross-species nhiều chuyên ngành khác nhau
pathogens, rising toxicity in air,
water and soil, and uncontrolled crucial (adj) = needed: cần thiết
development and
urbanisation. meet (v) = confront: đối mặt
challenges (n) = problems: vấn

đề, thách thức
emergent (adj) = new: mới nổi
rising toxicity (n) = pollution: ô

nhiễm
development and urbanisation

(n) = urban development: phát
triển đô thị
26 Environmental medicine (Paragraph H, line 4) additional (adj) = more: nhiều

should receive more This can only happen if hơn, thêm nữa
.................... to help it meet additional government funds
future demands. are channelled into the study channel sth into sth: truyền,
and practice of environmental cấp (kinh phí) cho (nghiên cứu)
medicine. sth receive sth: (nghiên cứu)
(“funds” is also accepted) nhận được (kinh phí)
27 Paragraph B [...] thriving social networks and third and fourth divisions and
=> ix. Lower-level teams sporting communities formed below = lower-level: các đội
lose out (line 4) around the efforts of teams in hạng 3-4 đổ xuống
the third and fourth divisions
and below. With the advent of
live TV, however, premier
matches suddenly became
affordable and accessible to vacuum out the support base:
hundreds of millions of new rút cạn sự ủng hộ của khán giả
viewers. This shift in viewing nhà
patterns vacuumed out the lose out: bị thiệt thòi
support base of local clubs,
many of which ultimately folded.
28 Paragraph C For those on the more financial rewards: lợi ích về

=> ii. More money-making prosperous side of this shift in kinh tế
opportunities (line 1) viewing behaviour, however, money-making opportunities:
the financial rewards are cơ hội kiếm tiền
substantial.
29 Paragraph D The effects of television extend codes (n) = rules: quy định, luật
=> viii. Rules changed to further, however, and in many chơi
please viewers (line 1) instances have led to changes
in sporting codes themselves.
30 Paragraph E In addition to insinuating appeal (n): sự bắt mắt, hấp dẫn

=> xi. TV appeal influences changes into sporting regulation, image problem (n): vấn đề về
sports’ success (line 1) television also tends to favour hình tượng
some individual sports over
others. [...] Wrestling, perhaps
due to an image problem
that repelled younger (and
highly prized) television viewers,
was scheduled for removal [...]
31 Paragraph F Another change in the sporting frame (v): đưa vào trọng tâm
=> vi. Personal stories landscape that television has become the focus: trở thành
become the focus (line 1) triggered is the framing of trọng tâm
sports [...] as personal
narratives of triumph, shame narratives (n) = stories: câu
and redemption on the part of chuyện cá nhân
individual competitors.
32 Paragraph G Certainly, men have always gender bias (n): bất bình đẳng
=> i. Gender bias in been willing to watch male giới
televised sport (line 1) athletes at the top of their game, attract less interest: thu hút ít
but female athletes participating sự chú ý hơn
in the same sports have typically
attracted far less interest [...]
33 Paragraph H Does all this suggest the influence (n): sự ảnh hưởng
=> iii. Mixed views on TV’s influence of television on sports role (n): vai trò
role in sports (line 1) has been overwhelmingly
negative? The answer will mixed views: ý kiến trái chiều
almost certainly depend on The answer will depend: câu
who among the various trả lời còn tùy thuộc vào (yếu tố
stakeholders is asked. nào đó)
34 Television networks were (Paragraph A, line 5) stations (n) = networks: nhà đài
slow to recognise Major television stations
opportunities to make immediately seized the slow to do sth: chậm trễ làm gì
money from televised sport. revenue-generating prospects immediately (adv): ngay lập tức
=> NO of televising sports [...]
revenue-generating prospects
= opportunities to make money:
cơ hội kiếm tiền
35 The average sports fan (Paragraph B, line 1) the average sport fan = the
travelled a long way to For the majority of fans, who majority of fans: số đông fan;
watch matches before live were unable to afford tickets to người hâm mộ thông thường
television broadcasts. the top-flight matches, or to
=> NO travel the long distances
local (adj): gần, trong vùng
required to see them, the only
travel a long way: đi đường dài
option was to attend a local
game instead,
36 Television has reduced (Paragraph C, line 2) derail long-held concerns: xô

the significance of an Television assisted in derailing đổ những lo ngại từ lâu

athlete’s amateur status. long-held concerns in many reduce the significance: giảm đi
=> YES sports about whether athletes sự quan trọng
should remain amateurs or ‘go
pro’ [...]
37 The best athletes are now No information on athletes’ N/A

more interested in financial preferences
success rather than sporting
achievement.
=> NOT GIVEN
38-40: Note Completion
• Ice skating – viewers find (Paragraph D, line 4) monotonous and dull (adj) =
‘figures’ boring so they are This component translated boring: chán, tẻ nhạt
replaced with a 38 poorly to the small screen, as
.................... viewers found the whole
procedure [...] to be
monotonous and dull.
Ultimately, figures were
scrapped in favour of =
scrapped in favour of a short
replaced with: bị thay thế bới
programme featuring more
telegenic twists and jumps.
(“short program” is also
accepted)
• Tour de France great for TV, (Paragraph E, line 2 + 4) initially dropped: ban đầu bị loại
but wrestling initially Some events, such as the Tour (khỏi Olympic 2020)
dropped from Olympic de France, appear to benefit [...] scheduled for removal: bị lên
Games due to Wrestling, perhaps due to an kế hoạch loại bỏ
39 .................... image problem that repelled
younger (and highly prized)
television viewers, was
scheduled for removal from
the 2020 Olympic Games [...]
• Beach volleyball aimed at (Paragraph G, line 4) oriented toward = aimed at:

40 .................... Those sports where women can nhắm tới (đối tượng nào đó)
draw the crowds – beach
volleyball, for example – are
often those where female
participants are encouraged to
dress and behave in ways
oriented specifically toward a
male demographic.
(“men” is also accepted)
TEST 5
1-6: Matching Information
1 results of animal They experimented on mice mice (n): chuột

experiments infected with streptococcus. animal (n): động vật
=> Paragraph D, line 3 Those untreated died, while
those injected with penicillin
survived.
2 recognition of the scientists’ Fleming and Florey received contribution (n) = valuable
valuable work knighthoods in 1944 and they, work: sự đóng góp quý giá
=> Paragraph G, line 4 together with Chain, were
awarded the Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine in
1945. Heatley’s contribution
seems to have been
overlooked until, in 1990, he
was awarded an honorary
doctorate of medicine by
Oxford University – the first in
its 800-year history.
3 a statement about the Manufacture could begin in manufacture (n) = mass

beginning of mass production earnest. production: sản xuất quy mô
=> Paragraph E, line 8 lớn
4 Fleming’s cautionary advice Fleming was mindful of the expressly warned (v) =
=> Paragraph H, line 1 dangers of resistance to cautionary advice (n): cảnh báo
penicillin early on and he từ sớm
expressly warned on many
occasions against overuse of
the drug, because this would
lead to bacterial resistance.
5 examples of uses for It has since proved its worth uses (n): các công dụng
penicillin in the treatment of many prove one’s worth: chứng tỏ
=> Paragraph F, line 4 life-threatening infections such giá trị
as tuberculosis, meningitis,
diphtheria and several
sexually-transmitted diseases.
6 the starting point for In his search for effective starting point (n): điểm bắt đầu
Fleming’s original research antimicrobial agents, Fleming potential (n): tiềm năng
=> Paragraph B, line 1 + 8 was cultivating staphylococcus
bacteria in Petri dishes
containing agar. [] He realised
that this mould had potential.
In a bid to find a safe and In his search for effective a search for = a bid to find: một
effective antiseptic, Dr antimicrobial agents, Fleming nỗ lực tìm kiếm
Fleming was growing was cultivating
staphylococcus aureus staphylococcus bacteria in antiseptic (n) = antimicrobial
bacteria in his lab. Petri dishes containing agar. agent: chất sát trùng
cultivate (v) = grow: nuôi cấy

On his return from 7 Before going on holiday in the on one’s return = when one
...................., he found mould summer of 1928, he piled up returned: khi ai đó trở lại
on an unsterilised plate and the agar plates [...]. When he
saw that it had destroyed the returned to work two weeks notice (v) = find: phát hiện
bacteria around it. later, Fleming noticed mould
growing on those culture plates unsterilized (adj): không được
that had not been fully khử trùng
immersed in sterilising not been fully immersed in
agent. This was not an sterilising agent: không được
unusual phenomenon, except ngập trong chất khử trùng
in this case the particular
mould seemed to have killed kill (v) = destroy: giết, hủy diệt
the staphylococcus aureus
immediately surrounding it. surrounding = around: xung
quanh
A 8 .................... Fleming consulted a consult (v): tham vấn

helped him identify the mould. mycologist called C J La help (v): giúp đỡ
Touche [...] and they concluded
it was the Penicillium genus of
ascomycetous fungi.
Fleming found that it was Fleming continued to successfully killed: giết thành
active against several experiment with the mould on công
different 9 .................... [...] other pathogenic bacteria, be active against: hiệu quả đối
finding that it successfully với
killed a large number of
them. several = a large number of:
(“bacteria” is also accepted) một số lượng lớn
[...] and, because it was 10 Importantly, it was also safe to use in human: an toàn,
...................., it was safe to non-toxic, so here was a có thể sử dụng cho người
use in humans. bacteria-destroying agent that without damaging the human
could be used as an antiseptic body: mà không làm tổn hại
in wounds without damaging đến cơ thể người
the human body.
1929 - Fleming’s research In 1929, he wrote a paper on findings (n) = research: kết quả
published his findings, published in the nghiên cứu
British Journal of Experimental
Pathology,
1940 - The first human Their first case in 1940 [...] case (n): trường hợp, ca bệnh
subject 11 ................... rallied after five days of human subject (n): cá thể
treatment but, when the supply người (trong thí nghiệm, thử
of penicillin ran out, he nghiệm)
eventually died.
(“died” is also accepted)
1941 - Collaboration with 12 In 1941, Florey and biochemist team up (v) = collaboration (n):
................... Dr Norman Heatley went to the hợp tác
United States to team up with
American scientists [...]
1944 - Two of the scientists are Fleming and Florey received knight (v) = receive
knighted knighthoods in 1944 [...] knighthoods: được phong hàm
Hiệp sĩ
1945 - Three of them share a [...] and they, together with share (an award) (v) = be
13 ................... Chain, were awarded the awarded: cùng nhận (một giải
Nobel Prize in Physiology or thưởng)
Medicine in 1945.
14 Daylight savings time has Like many modern practices, ancient civilizations (n) =
been in continual use since Daylight Savings Time (DST) ancient times: thời đại cổ xưa
ancient times. dates back to ancient
=> FALSE civilisations. [...] This practice
(Paragraph 1 L2 + 2 L1) fell out of favour, however, continual use (n): được sử
and the concept was renewed dụng liên tục
[...] fall out of favour (v): không còn
được sử dụng
15 Today, DST is very similar In 1895, in a more serious propose (v) = suggest: đề xuất
to how George Vernon Hudson effort, New Zealand
suggested it. entomologist George Vernon similar (adj) = closely
=> TRUE Hudson proposed a biannual resembling: giống, tương tự
(Paragraph 2, line 4) two-hour shift closely
resembling current forms of today: ngày nay
DST. current forms: dạng hiện tại
16 DST was not considered Countries such as the UK and N/A

successful during World Wars I USA adopted DST in World
and II. Wars I and II, but reverted to
=> NOT GIVEN standard time after the wars
(Paragraph 3, line 2) ended.
(No information on whether or
not it was successful)
17 The USA finalised its DST [...] the USA's most recent finalise (v): chốt, ngừng thay
policy in 1966. adjustments were introduced đổi
=> FALSE with the Energy Policy Act of most recent adjustments: thay
(Paragraph 4, line 6) 2005. đổi gần đây nhất
18 Around the world, there is Today, DST is used in some worldwide (adj) = around the
now general agreement on form by over 70 countries world: trên khắp thế giới
how DST should be used. worldwide, affecting around
=> FALSE one sixth of the world's
uniform standard (n) = general
(Paragraph 4, line 1) population. There is still no
agreement: sự đồng nhất
uniform standard, however.
19 Frequent changes to DST Countries such as Egypt and adjust (v) = change (n/v): thay
over a short time span have Russia have adjusted their đổi
caused problems in some policies on multiple occasions
countries. in recent years, in some recent years: vài năm gần đây
=> TRUE instances leading to short time span: khoảng thời
(Paragraph 4, line 2) considerable turmoil. gian ngắn
cause (v) = lead to: dẫn tới
turmoil (n) = problems: vấn đề
More opportunities for 20 With extended daylight hours, coming off a 9 to 5 shift: kết
.................... after work. office workers coming off a 9 thúc ca làm việc từ 9-17h
(Paragraph 5, line 3) to 5 shift can often take part in after work: sau giờ làm việc
outdoor recreational activities
for an hour or two.
(“recreational activities” is also
accepted)
People use less power in This has other positive effects, reduce domestic electricity
their homes because they such as reducing domestic consumption = use less power
don’t need as much lighting. electricity consumption as in homes: giảm tiêu thụ điện
(Paragraph 5, line 4) more opportunities become năng tại hộ gia đình
available to use sunlight
instead of artificial lighting.
Better lighting during 21 A further benefit is a reduction reduction (n) = fewer: giảm đi
.................... leads to fewer in the overall rate of
car crashes following the automobile accidents, as automobile accidents (n) = car
spring change to DST. DST ensures that streets are crashes: tai nạn giao thông
(Paragraph 5, line 6) well lit at peak hours.
well lit (adj) = better lighting:
chiếu sáng tốt hơn
Some industries, such as 22 Many industries are supportive increased revenue (n) = earn
.................... , earn more of DST due to the opportunities more money (v): thu được
money with DST. it provides for increased nhiều tiền hơn
(paragraph 6, line 1) revenue. Extended daylight
hours mean people are more
likely to stay out later in the
evening and spend more
money in bars and restaurants,
for example, so tourism and
hospitality are two sectors that
stand to gain a lot from more
daylight.
(Accepted answers: tourism
(and) hospitality; hospitality
(and) tourism)
Dairy farmers find that DST In Queensland, Australia, disruption (n) = upset (v): làm
upsets their 23 .................... which elected not to implement rối loạn
(Paragraph 6, line 4) DST due to complaints from
dairy farmers over disruption
to milking schedules, [...]
More dangerous for 24 Although the overall incidence the risk increases: rủi ro tăng
.................... following of traffic accidents is lower, for lên
re-setting of clocks in autumn. pedestrians the risk of being more dangerous: nguy hiểm
(Paragraph 7, line 1) hit by a car in the evening hơn
increases by as much as 186
per cent in the weeks after set back (v): cài lùi giờ lại
clocks are set back in autumn reset (v): thiết lập lại
[...]
Loss of sleep can lead to Setting clocks one hour lose sleep (v) = loss of sleep
25.................... , inferior forward at night can cause (n): mất ngủ
performance at work and many people to lose sleep,
poorer general health resulting in tiredness and all tiredness (n) = fatigue: mệt mỏi
because of fatigue. its well-documented effects,
(Paragraph 8, line 1) such as mood swings, reduced productivity (n) =
reduced productivity and inferior performance at work:
problems with overall giảm hiệu suất làm việc

physical well-being.
poorer general health =
problems with overall physical
well-being: vấn đề sức khỏe
tổng thể
Darker mornings may lead to in 2008, Guatemala chose not darker mornings (n) = dark
more 26 ................... to use DST because it forced outside in the morning: giờ
(Paragraph 9, line 2) office workers to leave their sáng (5-7h) nhưng tối trời
homes while it was still dark
outside in the morning. This
increase (v) = lead to more:
natural cover for criminals was
tăng lên
thought to increase incidents
of crime at this hour.
(“crime” or “street crime” is also
accepted)
27 Willpower is the most It (willpower) almost most significant factor (n): yếu
significant factor in single-handedly determines tố quan trọng nhất
determining success in life. life outcomes. single-handedly determines (v):
=> TRUE một mình quyết định
(Paragraph A, line 2)
life outcomes (n): kết cục cuộc
đời
success in life (n): thành công
trong cuộc sống
28 People with more free time There is a widespread more = increased: nhiều hơn
typically have better willpower. misperception, for example,
=> FALSE that increased leisure time better (adj) = increases (n): sự
(Paragraph A, line 7) would lead to subsequent tăng lên, tốt hơn
increases in willpower.
misperception (n): hiểu lầm
29 Willpower mostly applies to There is a common perception diet (n): chế độ ăn uống
matters of diet and exercise. that willpower entails resisting sugary drink (n): đồ uống có
=> FALSE some kind of a ‘treat’, such as đường/chất tạo ngọt
(Paragraph B, line 2) a sugary drink or a lazy drinking water (v): uống nước
morning in bed, in favour of lọc
decisions that we know are
better for us, such as
drinking water or going to
the gym. [...] Yet willpower exercise (n): tập luyện thể dục
also involves elements such as lazy morning in bed (n): nằm
overriding negative thought ườn trên giường vào buổi sáng
processes, biting your tongue going to the gym (n): đi tập thể
in social situations, or hình
persevering through a difficult
activity.
30 The strongest indicator of At the heart of any exercise the strongest indicator (n): dấu
willpower is the ability to of willpower, however, is the hiệu rõ ràng nhất
choose long-term rather than notion of ‘delayed at the heart of any exercise (n):
short-term rewards. gratification’, which involves ở trung tâm của mọi bài thử
=> TRUE resisting immediate
(Paragraph B, line 7) satisfaction for a course that ability (n): khả năng
will yield greater or more notion (n): khái niệm

permanent satisfaction in the
long run. immediate (adj) = short-term:
ngay lập tức, ngắn hạn
permanent (adj) = long-term:

lâu dài, vĩnh viễn)
reward (n) phần thưởng

satisfaction (n): sự thỏa mãn
31 Researchers have studied Scientists are making general scientists (n) = researchers:
the genetic basis of willpower. investigations into why some nhà khoa học, nhà nghiên cứu
=> NOT GIVEN individuals are better able than
(Paragraph C, line 1) others to delay gratification and
thus employ their willpower, but origins (n) = basis: căn nguyên,
the genetic or environmental nguồn gốc
origins of this ability remain a
mystery for now.
(No information on whether study (v): nghiên cứu
they studied the genetic basis, general investigations (n): điều
only general investigations) tra khái quát
32 Levels of willpower usually What is clear is that levels of usually (adv) = typically: thông
stay the same throughout willpower typically remain thường
our lives. consistent over time [...].
=> TRUE remain consistent (v) = stay the
(Paragraph C, line 5) same: giữ nguyên, ổn định
over time: theo thời gian

throughout one’s lives: xuyên
suốt cuộc đời
33 Regular physical exercise Indeed, research by Matthew physical activity (n) = physical
improves our willpower ability. Gailliot suggests that willpower, exercise: tập luyện thể dục
=> NOT GIVEN even in the absence of
physical activity, both
requires and drains blood
glucose levels, suggesting that
willpower operates more or
less like a ‘muscle’, and, like a
muscle, requires fuel for
optimum functioning.
(No information on the link
between willpower and
physical exercise)
34 This researcher identified a [...] as psychologist Roy discover (v) = identify: phát
key factor that is necessary for Baumeister has discovered, a hiện, xác định
willpower to function. lack of willpower may not be
=> E. Roy Baumeister the sole impediment every
(Paragraph F, line 2) time our good intentions fail to key factor (n) = critical
manifest themselves. A critical precursor: yếu tố chủ chốt
precursor, he suggests, is sole impediment (n): rào cản
motivation [...] duy nhất
35 This researcher suggested This idea that our mental mental convictions (n) =
that willpower is affected by convictions can influence beliefs: tư tưởng, suy nghĩ
our beliefs. willpower was borne out by
=> D. Veronika Job Veronika Job. influence (v) = be affected by:
(Paragraph E, line 9) ảnh hưởng, tác động
borne out (v): khai sinh, chắp

bút
suggest (v): gợi ý, đề xuất
36 This researcher examined Indeed, research by Matthew examine (v) = research: nghiên
how our body responds to the Gailliot suggests that [...] cứu, xem xét
use of willpower. willpower operates more or
=> A. Matthew Gailliot less like a ‘muscle’, and, like a
(Paragraph C, line 9) muscle, requires fuel for
optimum functioning.
37 This researcher discovered In addition, Muraven emphasize (v): nhấn mạnh

how important it is to make emphasises the value of discover (v): khám phá
and track goals. monitoring progress towards
=> C. Mark Muraven a desired result [...] monitor (v): giám sát
(Paragraph F, line 7) make and track: tạo và theo dõi
goal (n) = result: mục tiêu
38 This researcher found that In another study, Mark compelled by an external

taking actions to please Muraven found that those who authority to exert self-control: bị
others decreases our felt compelled by an external sức ép bên ngoài buộc phải tự
willpower. authority to exert self-control chủ bản thân
=> C. Mark Muraven experienced far greater rates of taking actions to please others:
(Paragraph E, line 6) willpower depletion than those làm điều gì đó để hài lòng
who identified their own người khác
reasons for taking a particular
course of action. depletion (n) = decrease (v):
giảm
39 This researcher found that Gregory M. Walton, for increase (v) = be boosted: tăng
willpower can increase example, found that a single lên, mạnh lên
through simple positive verbal cue [...] made a
thoughts. profound difference in terms of
=> B. Gregory M. Walton how much willpower
(Paragraph D, line 4) participants could draw upon to
complete the activity. Just as
our willpower is easily drained positive thoughts (n): suy nghĩ
by negative influences, it tích cực
appears that willpower can also encouragement or optimistic
be boosted by other prompts, self-talk: động viên hoặc tự cổ
such as encouragement or vũ bản thân
optimistic self-talk.
40: Multiple-Choice Questions
Willpower is (NOT) affected by:
A. physical factors such as In the short term, however, our fatigue (n) = tiredness: sự mệt
tiredness ability to draw on willpower can mỏi
(Paragraph C, line 8) fluctuate dramatically due to
factors such as fatigue, diet
and stress.
B. our fundamental ability to At the heart of any exercise of pleasure (n) = satisfaction: sự
delay pleasure willpower, however, is the hài lòng, thỏa mãn
(Paragraph B, line 7) notion of ‘delayed gratification’,
which involves resisting
immediate satisfaction for a
course that will yield greater or
more permanent satisfaction
in the long run.
C. the levels of certain No information in the passage N/A

chemicals in our brains
D. environmental cues such as One of the most popular and availability (n): sự có sẵn
the availability of a trigger effective methods simply avoid (v): tránh xa
(Paragraph E, line 2) involves avoiding willpower
depletion triggers, and is based
on the old adage, ‘out of sight,
out of mind’.
TEST 6
1. Paragraph A These remittances exceeded N/A

=> x. Frequency and size of $400 billion (size) last year. It
remittances (line 4) is true that the actual rate per
person is only about $200 per
month (frequency) [...]
2. Paragraph B The decision to send money motivation (n): động lực

=> vi. Motivations behind home is often inspired by be inspired by (v): do điều gì
remittances (line 2) altruism – an unselfish desire thôi thúc
to help others. [...]
remittances (n): tiền kiều hối
send money home (v): gửi tiền
về nhà
3. Paragraph C Thus, they (remittances) serve stability (n): sự ổn định

=> i. Stability of remittances in an insurance role, responding insurance role (n): vai trò bảo
difficult times (line 5) in a countercyclical way to hiểm, bảo an
political and economic
crises. difficult times (n) = thời điểm
khó khăn
political and economic crises:
khủng hoảng chính trị và kinh tế
4. Paragraph D This flow of migrant money remittances (n) = migrant

=> ix. How recipients utilise has a huge economic and money: tiền kiều hối
remittances (line 1) social impact on the receiving
countries. (uses follow) receiving countries: các nước
nhận kiều hối
recipients (n): người nhận
5. Paragraph E Unfortunately, recipients hardly losses (n): mất mát

=> vii. Losses incurred during ever receive the full value of exorbitant transfer fees: phí
transmission (line 1) the money sent back home chuyển tiền đắt cắt cổ
because of exorbitant
transfer fees. transmission (n): việc chuyển,
gửi (tiền) đi
send back home: gửi về nhà
6. Paragraph F If the transfer cost could be lower (v) = reduce: giảm

=> v. How to lower reduced to no more than one
transmission fees (line 2) per cent, that would release
another $30 billion dollars
annually [...] directly into the transmission fees (n) = transfer
hands of the world’s poorest. cost: phí chuyển tiền
(possible solutions follow)
(eg) Paragraph G [...] migrants often manage to savings (n) = save money (v):
=> xi. Poor returns on migrant save reasonable amounts of tiết kiệm tiền
savings money in their adopted
country. More often than not,
that money is in the form of
bank deposits earning a tiny
percentage of interest, none
at all or even a negative rate
of interest. (poor returns)
7. Paragraph H If a developing country or a investments (n): khoản đầu tư

=> iii. Targeted investments large charitable society could bonds (n): trái phiếu
and contributions sell bonds with a guaranteed
return of three or four per cent
on the premise that the
invested money would be used contributions (n): đóng góp
to build infrastructure in that build infrastructure: xây dựng
country, there would be a cơ sở hạ tầng
twofold benefit. [...]
Countries are unwilling to There are some countries cheaper (adj) = lower: rẻ hơn,
enforce lower transaction where there is a low fixed thấp hơn
fees as they are worried charge per transaction;
about (8) ...................., [...] however, these cheaper fees enforce (v) = apply: áp dụng
(Paragraph E, line 5) are not applied internationally
because of widespread worried about: lo lắng về điều gì
concern over money widespread concern over: nỗi lo
laundering. rộng khắp về điều gì
[...] and villagers lose out when If the recipients live in a small special relationship (n) =
post offices have a special village somewhere, usually the exclusive affiliation: quan hệ
relationship with one only option is to obtain their đặc biệt, hợp tác độc quyền
particular money transfer money through the local post
agency. office. Regrettably, many
(Paragraph E, line 8) governments allow post offices
to have an exclusive agency (n) = operator: đại lý
affiliation with one particular cung cấp dịch vụ
money transfer operator so
there is no alternative but to
pay the extortionate charge.
Each remittance might be The sums of money being each remittance: từng lần gửi
small but the total cost of discussed here might seem individual basis: tính theo từng
remittance fees is huge. negligible on an individual trường hợp
(Paragraph F, line 1) basis but they are substantial
in totality. small (adj) = negligible: nhỏ,
không đáng kể
total cost (n) = totality: tổng thể
huge (adj) = substantial: vô

cùng lớn
Governments should If this is not practicable, amounts (n) ~ remittances:

(9) .................... on small governments could at least khoản tiền kiều hối
amounts and end the current acknowledge that small
post office system or make it remittances do not come from
more competitive. organised crime networks, and
(Paragraph F, line 5) ease regulations accordingly.
They should put an end to
restrictive alliances between make sth competitive = open up
post offices and money sth to competition: tăng tính
transfer operators or at least cạnh tranh
open up the system to
competition.
Another idea would be for a Alternately, a non-government alternatively: thay vào đó

large non-profit association, humanitarian organisation, another idea: một ý tưởng khác
capable of handling which would have the
complicated (10) .................... expertise to navigate the non-profit (adj) = humanitarian:
to take charge of migrant elaborate red tape, could set phi lợi nhuận, vì con người
remittances. up a non-profit remittance
(Paragraph F, line 8) platform for migrants to send association (n) = organisation:
money home for little or no tổ chức, hiệp hội
cost.
capable (adj) = have the
expertise: có khả năng, kinh
nghiệm
complicated (adj) = elaborate:

phức tạp, dài dòng
remittances (n) = send money

home: gửi tiền kiều hối (về nhà)
Migrants who send money [...] migrants often manage to be able to = manage to: làm
home are able to save money, save reasonable amounts of được điều gì
too, but it receives little or no money in their adopted
interest from (11) ..................... country. More often than not, receive (v) = earn: nhận được
(Paragraph G, line 2) that money is in the form of
bank deposits earning a tiny
percentage of interest, none at
all or even a negative rate of
interest.
(“the bank” or “a bank” is also
accepted)
If a country or organisation If a developing country or a organisation (n) <= large

sold bonds that earned a large charitable society could charitable society: tổ chức từ
reasonable rate of interest for sell bonds with a guaranteed thiện lớn
the investor, that money could return of three or four per cent
fund the development of on the premise that the interest (n) = guaranteed return:
homeland (12) .................... . invested money would be used lợi nhuận cam kết
(Paragraph H, line 1) to build infrastructure in that
country, there would be a development (n) = build (v): xây
twofold benefit. dựng, phát triển
homeland (n) = that country

(the issuing country): nước sở
tại
The bonds could be sold at the The ideal point of sale for remittance centre (n) =
remittance centre, which these bonds would be the transmission hub: trung tâm
could also take donations from channel used for money chuyển nhận tiền kiều hối
(13) .................... to fund transfers [...]. Advancing the the channel used for money
charitable projects in their idea one step further, why not transfer: kênh chuyển nhận tiền
home country. make this transmission hub
(Paragraph H, line 5) the conduit for affluent charitable projects (n) = worthy
migrants to donate to worthy causes: các dự án thiện nguyện
causes in their homeland so
they may share their prosperity home country (n) = homeland:
with their compatriots on a quê nhà
larger scale?

14. Paragraph A [...] Mosso was concerned factory workers (n): công nhân
=> vi. Effects of fatigue on about the effect of the nhà máy
young factory workers (line industrial revolution on the poorer working classes: giai
7) poorer working classes. cấp lao động thu nhập thấp
Hard physical labour and an
excessively long working day
shortened lives, created young (adj) = early age: nhỏ
conditions conducive to tuổi
accidents, and crippled the
children who were forced into
such work at a very early age.
15. Paragraph B He therefore became development (n) = construct (v):

-> v. Reasons for the determined to construct an tạo ra, nghiên cứu, phát triển
development of the ergograph instrument to measure human
(line 8) muscular effort and record the
effects of fatigue with greater
precision.
16. Paragraph C The finger had to raise and flexions (n) = finger
=> iv. Measuring fatigue lower the weight, with the movements: cử động ngón tay
through finger movements length and speed of these
(line 11) flexions recorded on the
paper by a stylus. In this way, fatigue (n) = tiredness: sự mệt
he not only learned the fatigue mỏi
profiles of his subjects but
could observe a relationship
between performance, measure (v) = record: đo đạc,
tiredness and the emotional ghi lại
state of his subjects.
17. Paragraph D He was intrigued to observe head injuries (n) <= damage to
=> ii. Head injuries are a the pulsing of circulating blood the skull/cranium: chấn thương
window into the brain (line 2) in patients who had suffered hộp sọ
traumatic damage to the
skull, or cranium. window into sth (n): cửa sổ nhìn
vào điều gì đó
observe (v): quan sát
18. Paragraph E Heavy weights beneath the finely balanced (adj) = stability
=> i. A finely balanced table maintained the stability (n): sự cân bằng, ổn định
measuring machine of the whole unit as the (không di dịch)
intention was to measure very
tiny variations in the balance of
the person.
19. Paragraph F His hypothesis was that this theory (n) = hypothesis: giả
=> ix. Mosso’s theory aural stimulus would have to thuyết
supported by experimental be interpreted by the brain,
results and that an increased blood
flow would result in a slight
head-down tilt of the table.
The text suggests that Mosso He therefore became make (v) = construct: chế tạo
undertook his original research determined to construct an
because he wanted to instrument to measure human
(B) make a more accurate muscular effort and record the device (n) = instrument: thiết bị
measuring device. effects of fatigue with greater more accurate (adj) = greater
(Paragraph B, line 8) precision. precision: độ chính xác cao hơn
21-25: Diagram Labelling
21. wooden base
22. paper cylinder
23. brass tube
24. (a/the) weight
25. (a/the) stylus
What is the writer’s overall (Title) early research (n) = pioneering

purpose in writing this article? Angelo Mosso’s Pioneering work: nghiên cứu sơ khai, mở
(A) to describe Mosso’s early Work in the Study of Human đầu
research into human Physiology
physiology
Which THREE of the following are given as reasons for the arguments that someone else
wrote Shakespeare’s works? (Paragraphs 1 + 2)
A. Shakespeare did not come These critics felt that the son did not come from Stratford:
from Stratford. of a Stratford glove-maker không xuất thân từ Stratford
(Paragraph 2, line 1) [...] could not possibly have son of a Stratford glove-maker:
written poetry based on con của một thợ làm găng tay
Classical models. người Stratford
B. We have little information The initial impetus for this little information (n): ít thông tin
about Shakespeare’s life. debate came from the fact that few remaining scraps of
(Paragraph 1, line 2) nineteenth century critics, evidence: chút manh mối vỏn
poets and readers were vẹn
puzzled and displeased when
they were presented with the
few remaining scraps of
evidence about the life of
“Shakspere”, as his name was
most commonly spelled.
C. We know that Shakespeare [...] he appeared to have go overseas (v) = travel: đi ra

did not go overseas. travelled in Europe. nước ngoài
D. Shakespeare went to [...] some minor legal action go to prison (v): đi tù

prison for owing money. over a debt [...] minor legal actions: án phạt
(Paragraph 2, line 2) nhẹ, mang tính hành chính
owe money (v) = debt (n): nợ

tiền
E. Shakespeare spoke only [...] linguistically gifted [...] spoke only the English
the English language. language: chỉ nói tiếng Anh
(Paragraph 1, line 5) linguistically gifted: có tài năng
về đa ngôn ngữ
F. Shakespeare’s life appears Nor could he have been life (n) = own experiences: cuộc
to have been limited. responsible for the đời, trải nghiệm cá nhân
(Paragraph 2, line 3) wide-ranging intellectually
and emotionally challenging
plays for which he is so
famous, because, in the
limited (adj): bị giới hạn
nineteenth century world-view,
wide-ranging (adj): rộng mở,
writers inevitably called upon
trải dài
their own experiences for the
content of their work.
G. The plays suggest that the The author they admired and writer (n) = author: tác giả
writer was familiar with a loved must have been [...]
high-class lifestyle. knowledgeable about the knowledgeable about (v) =
(Paragraph 1, line 4) lifestyle of those who lived in familiar with: biết về, hiểu về
royal courts [...]
those who lived in royal courts
= high-class: tầng lớp xa hoa,
quý tộc, quyền quý
He was an actor. A man called William actor (n): diễn viên

He had (30) .................... for Shakespeare did become a dramatic company: công ty về
printing and putting on the member of the Lord nghệ thuật sân khấu
plays. Chamberlain’s Men, the
(Paragraph 3, line 3) dramatic company that have (v) = enjoy: có được,
owned the Globe and được hưởng
Blackfriars Theatres, and he
enjoyed exclusive rights to the print (v) = publishing (n): xuất
publication and performance bản
of the dramatic works.
put on (v) = performance (n):
biểu diễn
plays (n): dramatic works: vở

kịch
(31) .................... consulted Publication and even consult (v) = meet with: gặp gỡ
Shakespeare before approving production of plays had to be để tham vấn
performance of the plays. approved by government
(Paragraph 3, line 7) officials, who are recorded as
having met with Shakespeare performance (n): sự biểu diễn,
to discuss authorship and màn biểu diễn
licensing of some of the plays, production of plays (n): sản
for example, ‘King Lear’. xuất vở kịch
The plays use his writing style. Marlowe’s writing is some people said: một số
He was in trouble because acknowledged by all as the người nói rằng
some people said he was an precursor of Shakespeare’s be accused of: bị buộc tội
(32) .................. dramatic verse style:
(Paragraph 5, line 1) declamatory blank verse that
lifted and ennobled the content
of the plays. The records
indicate that he was accused
of being an atheist: denying
the existence of God would
have been punishable by

the death penalty.
He may have faked his own He is recorded as having write (v) <= produce literary
death in a (33) .................. ‘died’ (faked his own death) in works: sản xuất tác phẩm văn
He needed to write in a street fight before viết
secrecy. Shakespeare’s greatest
(Paragraph 5, line 4) works were written, and
therefore it is suggested that
in secrecy = in hiding: lấm lét,
he may have continued
ẩn nấp
producing literary works
while in hiding from the
authorities.
He was an excellent student. De Vere was Earl of Oxford excellent student (n) =
He supported other writers, and an outstanding Classical outstanding scholar: học giả
musicians and actors. scholar as a child. He was a xuất sắc
He may have been a strong supporter of the arts,
(34) .................. including literature, music supported other writers,
(Paragraph 6, line 1) and acting. He is also musicians and actors =
recorded as being a supporter of literature, music
playwright, although no works and acting: ủng hộ các tác giả,
bearing his name still exist. nhạc công và diễn viên
may have been: có thể từng là

recording as being: được ghi
chép rằng đã từng là ai
As a member of the upper However, in 16th century aristocrat (n) = member of the
class he could not write for England it was not acceptable upper class: người học vị cao
(35) .................. for an aristocrat to publish
(Paragraph 6, line 3) verse for ordinary people [...] write for (v): viết cho ai
publish for (v): xuất bản cho ai
The sonnets are useful for These individual poems of useful (adj): có ích
researchers because they are sixteen lines are sincerely felt goldmine (n): mỏ vàng (chứa
(C) more personal than the reactions to emotionally nhiều điều hữu ích)
plays. charged situations such as
(Paragraph 7, line 5) love and death, a goldmine for personal (adj): mang tính cá
the biographically inclined nhân
researcher. emotionally charged situations:
tình huống mang tính cảm xúc
37-40: Matching Endings
37. W.H. was probably a The largest group of these nobleman (n) = young man:
young man because | the poems express love and chàng trai quý tộc trẻ
content of the poems strongly admiration and, interestingly,
suggests this. (C) they are written to a “Mr W.H.” express (v) = suggest: bày tỏ,
(Paragraph 8, line 1) This person is clearly a cho thấy
nobleman [...]
38. W.H. could have been As the son of a tradesman, having no aristocratic status =
Marlowe’s friend because | Marlowe had no aristocratic low-born: không có địa vị quý
W.H. was able to provide status [...]. Any low-born artist tộc
financial support. (D) needed a rich patron, and rich patron (n): nhà tài trợ giàu
(Paragraph 9, line 1) such is the argument for his có
authorship of the sonnets. financial support: hỗ trợ tài

chính
39. W.H.’s name could have The object of De Vere’s reverse (v) = change the order:
been Henry Wriothesley sonnets, it is suggested, is đảo lộn thứ tự
because | the poet may have Henry Wriothesley, Earl of
changed the order of his Southampton, whose name
initials. (G) only fits the situation if one
(Paragraph 10, line 1) accepts that it is not
uncommon to reverse the first
and surnames on formal
occasions.
40. W.H. could have been De He needed, not an artistic have influence with: có quen
Vere’s friend because | W.H. patron, but someone like biết ai
had some influence with Henry to put in a good word put in a good word: nói ngon
important people. (A) for him in the complex world of ngọt, “nhờ vả”
(Paragraph 10, line 5) the royal court.
royal court (n): tòa án hoàng tộc
important people (n): những
người quan trọng, có quyền
định đoạt

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WRITTEN BY MINO NGUYỄN

KHÔNG chia sẻ ra ngoài mà không được sự đồng ý của tác giả.

1-7: TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN

4. Circadian rhythms The circadian rhythm [...] is the

7. Naturally-produced Plants appear no more malleable naturally-produced: được sản xuất

8-13: Multiple choice

B. eat a low The recommended course of low carbohydrate ><

D. exercise after [...] the other way round and

10. Which is NOT

B. taking supplements N/A

dissolve (v) ~ soluble (adj): hòa tan

improve >< deplete: tăng >< giảm

drinking coffee = caffeine

12. In the evening, we (Paragraph 10)

B. stop exercising N/A N/A

D. eat a light meal Consuming a modest snack eat = consume: ăn

13. Which of the (Paragraph 6-10)

future gains: lợi ích trong tương lai

life = survival: sự sống, sự tồn tại

movement and noise ~ occurrences:

23-26: Sentence completion

associated with = closely related to:

25. An industrial [...] a railway worker named industrial: công nghiệp

part ~ a considerable amount: một

higher-order thinking= intellectual

27-31: Matching information

32-35: YES / NO / NOT GIVEN

33. Helium is a very Another important attribute is cold: lạnh

34. High-tech There is an enormous supply and industries: ngành

36-40: Summary Completion

Richardson believes For Nobel-prize laureate Robert repeal = withdraw: bãi bỏ

1-7: Matching Headings

1. Section A The shepherds of the North Caucasus fortunate: may mắn

7. Section G A return to the unadulterated kefir-making back to basics ~ return: trở về

8-11: Short-Answer Questions

8. What do kefir (Paragraph B, line 4) look like = bear a resemblance

9. What needs to (Paragraph C, line 2)

10. What will the (Paragraph C, line 6) consumed = devoured: tiêu

11. The texture of (Paragraph D, line 1) mouth: miệng

12-13: Pick from a List

Which TWO (Paragraph E) replace (v): thay thế

14-21: Matching Headings

14 Section A (Line 3) pioneer: nhà tiên phong

15 Section B (Line 1) growing: tăng dần, lớn dần

16 Section C (Line 7) technology: công nghệ

17 Section D (Line 3) environmentally friendly: thân

18 Section E (Line 4) healthy (adj): lành mạnh, an

19 Section F (Line 7) the poor: người nghèo (nói

20 Section G (Line 1) locals (n): người trong vùng,

21 Section H (Line 7) presentation (n): cách trình

22-26: Note Completion

Van Huis (Paragraph D, line 3) release (v): thải ra

Durst (Paragraph F, line 2) cover = meet: đạt được, bảo

27. My most (Paragraph 3, line 5) most important (adj): quan

28. I enjoy having (Paragraph 4, line 2) many (detr): nhiều

29. I feel that my (Paragraph 2, line 2) inevitability: không thể tránh

30. I want to be (Paragraph 3, line 3) develop = build: xây dựng,

33. When I am in (Paragraph 2, line 5) obsessive (adj): ám ảnh

can think about. called mania (B) involves an obsessive,

34. I know before I (Paragraph 4, line 11) qualities = attributes: phẩm

35-40: YES / NO / NOT GIVEN

35. People’s (Paragraph 5, line 3) notions of love ~ stories about

36. Some of our (Paragraph 6, line 1) important (adj) = significance