SLEEP

A good night’s sleep is just as important as

regular exercise and a healthy diet.

If you want to optimize your health or lose
weight, getting a good night’s sleep is one
of the most important things you can do.
Here are a number of evidence-based tips to
sleep better at night.
1. Increase bright light exposure
during the day: Daily sunlight or
artificial bright light can improve
sleep quality and duration,
especially if you have severe sleep
issues or insomnia.
2. Reduce blue light exposure in the
evening: Blue light tricks your body
into thinking it’s daytime.
3. Don’t consume caffeine late in the
day: Caffeine can significantly
worsen sleep quality, especially if
you drink large amounts in the late
afternoon or evening.
4. Reduce irregular or long daytime
naps: Long daytime naps may
impair sleep quality. If you have
trouble sleeping at night, stop
napping or shorten your naps.
5. Try to sleep and wake at consistent
times: Try to get into a regular
sleep/wake cycle — especially on the
weekends. If possible, try to wake up
naturally at a similar time every
day.
Source: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/17-tips-to-sleep-better
o regular exercise: việc tập thể dục đều
đặn
o a healthy diet = a diet that helps
to maintain or improve overall
health: một chế độ ăn uống lành
mạnh
o to lose weight: giảm cân
o artificial bright light = refers to any
light source that is produced by
electrical means: ánh sáng nhân tạo
o have severe sleep issues: có các vấn
đề nghiêm trọng về giấc ngủ
o insomnia /ɪnˈsɑːmniə/ (n) = a sleep
disorder in which you have trouble
falling and/or staying asleep: sự mất
ngủ
o to worsen sleep quality: làm cho
chất lượng giấc ngủ trở nên tồi tệ
hơn
o a daytime nap = a short period of
sleep during daytime hours: các giấc
ngủ ngắn vào ban ngày
o to impair something /ɪmˈper/ (v) =
to damage something or make
something worse: làm suy yếu, hư hai
…
o a regular sleep/wake cycle: chu kỳ
thức-ngủ đều đặn

SYNONYMS
o to get a good night’s sleep  to sleep better at night  to improve sleep quality
and duration
o to sleep and wake at consistent times  to wake up at a similar time every day
 SMOKING
Smoking can lead to a variety of ongoing
complications in the body, as well as
long-term effects on your body systems.
Mood stimulation: Smoking can
temporarily put you in a good mood, but
dependence is common and withdrawal
side effects like anxiety and irritability can
be challenging to manage.
Lung cancer: Smoking puts you at a
significant risk of developing lung cancer.
Heart disease: Both people who smoke
and those who are regularly exposed to
secondhand smoke are at a higher risk
of a heart attack.
Problems with pregnancy and
newborns: Smoking during pregnancy
can increase the risk of miscarriage,
asthma, ear infections, and death in your
newborn.
Wrinkly skin: Substances in cigarettes
can cause dry skin and premature aging.
Reduced blood flow also causes your skin
to get less nutrition.
Diabetes complications: Type 2 diabetes
tends to progress more rapidly in people
who smoke, because smoking increases
the amount of insulin resistance in the
body.
Source: https://www.healthline.com/health/smoking/effects-on-body
SYNONYMS
to put somebody at a significant risk of …  to be at a higher risk of …  to increase the risk of
…
o complication /ˌkɑːmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n) =
a new problem or illness that makes
treatment of a previous one more
complicated or difficult: biến chứng
o to put somebody in a good mood = to
make somebody happy/cheerful: làm cho
ai đó cảm thấy vui vẻ
o side effect /ˈsaɪd ɪfekt/ (n) = a
secondary, typically undesirable effect of
a drug or medical treatment: tác dụng
phụ
o exposed to …/ɪkˈspəʊzd/ = If you are
exposed to a particular risk or hazard, you
are in danger from it: tiếp xúc với, phơi
nhiễm …
o secondhand smoke = smoke inhaled
involuntarily from tobacco being smoked
by others: khói thuộc thụ động/do người
hút thuốc phả ra
o pregnancy /ˈpreɡnənsi/ (n): the state
of being pregnant: sự mang thai
o miscarriage /ˈmɪskærɪdʒ/ (n): the
process of giving birth to a baby before it
is fully developed and able to survive: sự
sẩy thai
o asthma /ˈæzmə/ (n): a medical
condition of the chest that makes
breathing difficult: hen suyễn
o newborn /ˈnuːbɔːrn/ (n) = a baby
that was born recently: trẻ sơ sinh
o diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ (n) = a medical
condition in which the body cannot
produce enough insulin to control the
amount of sugar in the blood: tiểu đường
 STRESS
Stress isn’t necessarily a bad thing. It can be
healthy when it helps you avoid an accident,
meet a tight deadline, or keep your wits
about you amid chaos.
Severe, frequent, or prolonged stress can be
mentally and physically harmful. Here are
some simple ways to relieve stress and
anxiety.
1. Exercise: Regular exercise can help
lower stress and anxiety by
releasing endorphins and improving
your sleep and self-image.
2. Write it down: Keeping a journal
can help relieve stress and anxiety,
especially if you focus on the positive.
3. Spend time with friends and family:
Having strong social ties may help
you get through stressful times and
lower your risk of anxiety.
4. Learn to say no: Try not to take on
more than you can handle. Saying no
is one way to control your stressors.
5. Learn to avoid procrastination:
Prioritize what needs to get done and
make time for it. Staying on top of
your to-do list can help ward off
procrastination-related stress.
6. Listen to soothing music: Slow-
paced instrumental music can
induce the relaxation response by
helping lower blood pressure and
heart rate as well as stress hormones.
Source: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/16-ways-relieve-stress-anxiety
SYNONYMS
o to lower stress and anxiety  to relieve stress and anxiety  to get through
stressful times
o soothing music  slow-paced instrumental music
o to meet a deadline = to finish work
on time, by the agreed date: hoàn
thành một công việc nào đó đúng hạn
o to be mentally and physically
harmful: có hại cho thể chất và tinh
thần
o to relieve stress and anxiety: giải tỏa
căng thẳng và lo lắng
o to keep a journal: viết nhật ký
o social ties = connections among
people that are used for sharing
information, knowledge, feelings, and
experiences: các mối quan hệ xã hội
o to lower your risk of …: làm giảm
rủi ro/nguy cơ bị gì
o stressor (n) = something that causes
stress: tác nhân gây căng thẳng
o procrastination /prəˌkræstɪˈneɪʃn/
(n) = the act of delaying something
that you should do: sự trì hoãn, chần
chừ
o to make time for something = to
make certain you have some time
when you are not busy in order to do
something you think you should do:
dành thời gian cho …
o blood pressure = the pressure of blood
pushing against the walls of your
arteries: huyết áp
 PLASTIC POLLUTION
Plastic pollution has become one of the most
pressing environmental issues, as rapidly
increasing production of disposable plastic
products overwhelms the world’s ability to
deal with them.
Plastics revolutionized medicine with life-
saving devices, made space travel possible,
lightened cars and jets - saving fuel and
pollution - and saved lives with helmets,
incubators, and equipment for clean drinking
water.
The conveniences plastics offer, however,
led to a throw-away culture that reveals the
material’s dark side: today, single-use
plastics account for 40 percent of the plastic
produced every year.
Millions of animals are killed by plastics every
year, from birds to fish to other marine
organisms.
Most of the deaths to animals are caused by
entanglement or starvation. Seals, whales,
turtles, and other animals are strangled by
abandoned fishing gear or discarded six-pack
rings.
Plastics have also been found to have
blocked digestive tracts or pierced organs,
causing death. Stomachs so packed with
plastics reduce the urge to eat, causing
starvation.
Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/plastic-pollution
SYNONYMS
o pressing environmental issues  urgent/serious environmental problems (Từ Huyền
cho thêm, không có trong bài)
o disposable  single-use
o pressing environmental issues:
những vấn đề môi trường cấp bách
o disposable /dɪˈspəʊzəbl/ (adj) =
made to be thrown away after use:
dùng 1 lần, được sản xuất ra để bỏ đi
sau khi dùng
o revolutionize /ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/ (v)
= to completely change the way that
something is done: cách mạng hóa,
làm thay đổi hoàn toàn
o a throw-away culture = a society full
of excessive consumption and waste of
food, products, etc: xã hội mà trong
đó người ta sử dụng đồ đạc trong
một thời gian ngắn sau đó vứt chúng
đi, mua đồ mới
o single-use /ˌsɪŋɡl ˈjuːs/ (adj) = made
to be used once only and then thrown
away: dùng 1 lần
o marine /məˈriːn/ (adj): connected
with the sea and the creatures and
plants that live there: thuộc về biển
o organism /ˈɔːrɡənɪzəm/ (n): a living
thing, especially one that is extremely
small: sinh vật
o starvation /stɑːrˈveɪʃn/ (n)
o = the state in which somebody suffers
or dies because they have no food: sự
chết đói
o to be packed with … = to be full of …/
to be filled with …: chứa đầy …
o urge /ɜːrdʒ/ (n) = a strong desire to do
something: sự thèm/muốn …
 ANIMALS
Animals are disappearing at hundreds of
times the normal rate, primarily because of
shrinking habitats.
Habitat loss - driven primarily by human
expansion as we develop land for housing,
agriculture, and commerce - is the biggest
threat facing most animal species, followed
by hunting and fishing.
Even when habitat is not lost entirely, it may
be changed so much that animals cannot
adapt. Fences fragment a grassland or
logging cuts through a forest, breaking up
migration corridors; pollution renders a river
toxic; pesticides kill widely and
indiscriminately.
To those local threats one must increasingly
add global ones: Trade, which spreads
disease and invasive species from place to
place, and climate change, which eventually
will affect every species on Earth - starting
with the animals that live on cool
mountaintops or depend on polar ice.
All of these threats lead, directly or
indirectly, back to humans and our
expanding footprint. Most species face
multiple threats. Some can adapt to us;
others will vanish.
Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/vanishing-what-we-lose-when-an-animal-goes-
extinct-feature
SYNONYMS
o shrinking habitats  habitat loss
o … primarily because of …  … is driven primarily by …
o followed by = you use followed by to
say what comes after something else
in a list or ordered set of things: theo
sau là …
o to adapt /əˈdæpt/ (v) = to change
your behaviour in order to deal more
successfully with a new situation:
thích nghi
o logging /ˈlɔːɡɪŋ/ (n) = the work or
business of cutting down trees for their
wood: việc khai thác gỗ
o to break up = to separate into
smaller pieces: phá vỡ
o pesticide /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ (n): a
chemical used for killing pests,
especially insects: thuốc trừ sâu
o to spread disease: làm lây lan dịch
bệnh
o an invasive species = an organism
that is not indigenous, or native, to a
particular area: loài du nhập, loài xâm
lấn (loài mà không phải bản xứ của
vùng đó)
o to depend on something = to rely on
something: phụ thuộc vào …
o to face multiple threats: đối mặt với
nhiều mối đe dọa
o to vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/ (v) = to
stop existing: biến mất
 POVERTY
Since 1990, more than 1.2 billion people have
risen out of extreme poverty. But the
COVID-19 pandemic threatens to reverse
years of progress in the fight against global
poverty and income inequalities, and it
jeopardizes the future of a generation of
children.
Children living in poverty often lack access
to quality education. Sometimes it’s because
there aren’t enough quality schools, their
parents cannot afford school fees, or
because impoverished families need their
children to work.
Living in poverty also means not being able
to afford a doctor or medical treatment. It
means no electricity, limited shelter, and
often little to no food on the table.
What causes poverty?
The root causes of poverty aren’t only a lack
of access to basic necessities of life like
water, food, shelter, education, or
healthcare. Inequities including gender or
ethnic discrimination, poor governance,
conflict, exploitation, and domestic violence
also cause poverty. These inequities not only
lead a person or a society into poverty but
can also restrict access to social services that
could help people overcome poverty.
Source: https://www.worldvision.org/sponsorship-news-stories/global-poverty-facts
SYNONYMS
o lacking access to something  a lack of access to something (việc không được tiếp
cận với …)
o out of poverty  overcome poverty
o in the fight against something:
trong cuộc chiến chống lại thứ gì
o to jeopardize /ˈdʒepərdaɪz/ (v) = to
risk harming or destroying
something/somebody: gây nguy hiểm
cho …
o to afford /əˈfɔːrd/ (v) = to have
enough money to be able to buy or do
something: đủ khả năng chi trả …
o impoverished = /ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃt/ (adj)
= very poor: rất nghèo
o medical treatment = the
management and care of a patient:
điều trị y tế
o shelter /ˈʃeltər/ (n): the fact of
having a place to live or stay,
considered as a basic human need:
chỗ ở
o the root causes of something = the
fundamental reason for the occurrence
of a problem: nguyên nhân gốc
rễ/chính yếu gây ra vấn đề gì
o necessity /nəˈsesəti/ (n) = a thing
that you must have and cannot
manage without: thứ thiết yếu
o discrimination /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ (n)
= the practice of treating somebody or
a particular group in society less fairly
than others: sự đối xử phân biệt
o lead somebody into poverty: đưa ai
đó vào cảnh nghèo khó
 TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Although governments may never be able to
eliminate road congestion, there are several
ways cities and states can move to curb it.
Charging peak-hour tolls: Governments can
charge people money to enter all the lanes
on major commuting roads during peak
hours. Most Americans reject this solution
politically for two reasons. Tolls would favor
wealthier or subsidized drivers and harm
poor ones, so most Americans would resent
them, partly because they believe they
would be at a disadvantage. The second
drawback is that people think these tolls
would be just another tax, forcing them to
pay for something they have already paid for
through gasoline taxes.
Greatly expanding public transit capacity:
The second approach would be to expand
public transit capacity enough to shift so
many people from cars to transit that there
would be no more excess demand for roads
during peak hours.
Raise gasoline taxes: Raising gas taxes
would notably slow the rate of increase of all
automotive travel, not just peak-hour
commuting. But Congress has refused to
consider it because it is politically unpopular
and fought by industry lobbyists.
Source: https://www.brookings.edu/research/traffic-why-its-getting-worse-what-government-can-do/
SYNONYMS
o way  solution  approach (n): cách thức/giải pháp
o to eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ (v) = to
remove or get rid of something: loại bỏ
o to curb /kɜːrb/ (v) = to control or
limit something: hạn chế
o toll /təʊl/ (n) = money that you pay to
use a particular road or bridge: phí
o peak hours /piːk aʊəz/ = the
busiest hours: giờ cao điểm
o to reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ (v) = to refuse to
accept or consider something: từ chối,
chối bỏ
o to favor /ˈfeɪvər/ (v) = to give an
advantage to someone or something,
in an unfair way: thiên vị, ưu tiên
o to be at a disadvantage = to be in
an unfavorable position relative to
someone or something else: ở thế bất
lợi
o to force somebody to do something
/fɔːrs/ (v) = to make somebody do
something that they do not want to
do: bắt buộc, ép buộc ai làm gì
o to expand /ɪkˈspænd/ (v) = to
become greater in size/number: mở
rộng
o public transit /ˌpʌblɪk ˈtrænzɪt/ (n) =
the system of public transport in cities,
including the subway, buses, etc.: hệ
thống vận tải công cộng
 YOUTH CRIME
The nature argument: Some criminologists
believe one of the main reasons people
commit crime is because it is in their
'nature', i.e. some people are more
psychologically predisposed to committing
criminal acts.
The nurture argument: suggests that
factors in society and the environment
people grow up in, such as poverty, family,
use of alcohol/drugs etc., will make some
people more likely to commit crime.
o Family relationships: If a child is
brought up in a family where there
is 'poor parenting' – children
unsupervised, parents not spending
time with children – or where the
parents have problems in their own
lives – alcohol dependency or family
break-up/divorce – then that child is
far more likely to be involved in
crime as they become older.
o Violent media: Some child
psychologists argue that if young
people see violence in films and
television or play violent computer
games they are more likely to
become violent themselves.
o Alcohol and drugs: Many of those
found guilty of serious assaults or
murder have been under the
influence of alcohol (and/or illegal
drugs) when committing an offence.
Source: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zdwwt39/revision/1
SYNONYMS
o to commit crime  to commit criminal acts  to be involved in crime  to commit
an offence
o criminologist /ˌkrɪmɪˈnɑːlədʒɪst/
(n): a scientist who studies crime and
criminals: nhà tội phạm học
o to predispose to /ˌpriːdɪˈspəʊz/
(adj): to influence somebody so that
they are likely to think or behave in a
particular way: làm ảnh hưởng tới ai
đó khiến họ có khuynh hướng …
o to bring somebody up = to look
after a child until he or she becomes
an adult: nuôi dạy, lớn lên
o to be unsupervised
/ˌʌnˈsuːpərvaɪzd/ (adj) = without
being watched: không được giám sát
o divorce /dɪˈvɔːrs/ (n) = the
legal ending of a marriage: ly dị
o psychologist /saɪˈkɑːlədʒɪst/ (n) =
a scientist who studies and is trained
in psychology: nhà tâm lý học
o to be guilty of /ˈɡɪlti/ (adj) =
having done something illegal: có
tội …
o assault /əˈsɔːlt/ (n) = the crime of
attacking somebody physically: tội tấn
công người khác
o murder /ˈmɜːrdər/ (n) = the crime of
killing somebody deliberately: tội giết
người
o illegal /ɪˈliːɡl/ (adj) = not allowed by
the law: bất hợp pháp
 FOOD AND DIET
Chemically processed foods tend to be high
in sugar, artificial ingredients, refined
carbohydrates, and trans fats. Because of
this, they are a major contributor to obesity
and illness around the world.
Below, we look at seven reasons why
processed foods can increase the risk to
a person’s health.
Added sugar: Processed foods tend to
contain added sugar. Regularly consuming
an excess of added sugar can lead to
compulsive overeating.
Artificial ingredients: Highly processed
foods often contain the following types of
chemicals: preservatives, which keep the
food from going bad quickly; artificial
coloring; chemical flavoring.
Refined carbohydrates: Because refined
carbs cause frequent increases and
decreases in blood sugar, consuming them is
linked with an increased risk of type 2
diabetes.
Trans fats: Ultra-processed foods are often
high in unhealthful, cheap fats. Eating trans
fats is associated with an increased risk of
heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.
Source: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318630
SYNONYMS
o chemically processed foods  highly processed foods  ultra-processed foods
o is linked with …  is associated with …
WORKING FROM HOME
o to be high in something = to
contain a large amount of …: chứa
nhiều thứ gì
o a major contributor to something: 1
nguyên nhân chính gây ra vấn đề gì
o to consume /kənˈsuːm/ (v) = to eat
or drink something: tiêu thụ
o excess /ɪkˈses/ (n) = more than is
necessary: dư thừa
o compulsive overeating: ăn uống vô
độ (đây là 1 rối loạn ăn uống nghiêm
trọng)
o an artificial ingredient = an
ingredient which is artificial or man-
made: thành phần nhân tạo
o to keep … from … = to prevent …
from doing something: giữ cho … khỏi
bị …
o refined carbohydrate = also known
as simple carbs or processed carbs:
carb tinh chế
o trans fat /ˈtrænz fæt/ (n) = a form
of unsaturated fat associated with a
number of negative health effects:
chất béo dạng trans
o stroke /strəʊk/ (n): a sudden serious
illness when a blood vessel (= tube) in
the brain bursts (= breaks open) or is
blocked, which can cause death or the
loss of the ability to move or to speak
clearly: đột quỵ
As we’ve long known, remote work has a
host of advantages for workers.
Better Work-Life Balance: Many remote jobs
also come with flexible schedules, which
means that workers can start and end their
day as they choose, as long as their work is
complete. Whether it’s dropping kids off at
school, running some errands, attending an
online fitness class in the morning, or being
home for a contractor, these tasks (and
more!) are all easier to balance when you
work from home.
Less Commute Stress: Wasting time
commuting is just one of the downsides of
getting to and from work. More than 30
minutes of daily one-way commuting is
associated with increased levels of stress and
anxiety. Ditching the commute helps you
support your mental and physical health. The
time savings can allow you to focus on
priorities outside of work, like getting extra
sleep in the morning, spending more time
with family, getting in a workout, or eating a
healthy breakfast.
Location Independence: One of the
considerable benefits of working from home
is having access to a broader range of job
opportunities that aren’t limited by
geographic location. This can be especially
helpful for job seekers living in rural
communities and small towns where there
may not be many available local positions.
Source: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zdwwt39/revision/1
SYNONYMS
o remote work  remote jobs
o advantages  benefits
o a flexible schedule = a work schedule
that allows employees to work during
a period convenient to them: lịch trình
linh hoạt
o to run errands = to go out to buy or do
something: chạy việc vặt
o to balance /ˈbæləns/ (v) = to give
equal importance to two things or
parts of something which are very
different: cân bằng
o to waste time commuting: tốn
thời gian đi lại (to waste + time +
doing something)
o to commute /kəˈmjuːt/ (v) = to
travel regularly by bus, train, car, etc.
between your place of work and your
home: đi lại
o downside /ˈdaʊnsaɪd/ (n) =
disadvantage: mặt bất lợi
o to ditch something /dɪtʃ/ (v) = to get
rid of something: bỏ …
o priority /praɪˈɔːrəti/ (n) = something
that you think is more important than
other things and should be dealt with
first: sự ưu tiên
o to have access to: được tiếp cận với
…
o job seeker (n) = someone who is trying
to find a job: người tìm việc
 GLOBAL WARMING
Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising,
cloud forests are dying, and wildlife is
scrambling to keep pace. It has become clear
that humans have caused most of the past
century's warming by releasing heat-
trapping gases as we power our modern
lives. Called greenhouse gases, their levels
are higher now than at any time in the last
800,000 years.
We often call the result global warming, but
it is causing a set of changes to the Earth's
climate, or long-term weather patterns, that
varies from place to place. While many
people think of global warming and climate
change as synonyms, scientists use “climate
change” when describing the complex shifts
now affecting our planet’s weather and
climate systems - in part because some areas
actually get cooler in the short term.
Climate change encompasses not only rising
average temperatures but also extreme
weather events, shifting wildlife populations
and habitats, rising seas, and a range of
other impacts. All of those changes are
emerging as humans continue to add heat-
trapping greenhouse gases to the
atmosphere, changing the rhythms of
climate that all living things have come to
rely on.
Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/global-warming-overview
SYNONYMS
o heat-trapping gases  greenhouse gases  heat-trapping greenhouse gases
o causing a set of changes to the Earth's climate  changing the rhythms of climate
o sea levels are rising  rising seas
o glacier ˈɡleɪʃər/ (n) = a slow-moving
mass or river of ice, formed from snow
on mountains or near the North Pole or
South Pole: song băng
o to keep pace = to move, increase,
change, etc. at the same speed as
somebody/something: theo kịp
o to release something /rɪˈliːs/ (v) =
to allow a substance to flow out from
somewhere: thải, xả …
o synonym /ˈsɪnənɪm/ (n) = a word or
expression that has the same or nearly
the same meaning as another in the
same language: từ đồng nghĩa
o complex /ˈkɑːmpleks/ (adj) = made
of many different things or parts that
are connected: phức tạp
o shift /ʃɪft/ (n) = change: sự thay đổi
o encompass /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/ (v) =
include: bao gồm
o extreme weather events =
unexpected, unusual, severe, or
unseasonal weather: các hiện tượng
thời tiết khắc nghiệt
o to emerge /ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/ (v) =
appear: xuất hiện
o to rely on … = to need or depend
on: phụ thuộc vào …
 OBESITY
Body mass index (BMI) is a calculation that
takes a person’s weight and height into
account to measure body size. In adults,
obesity is defined as having a BMI of 30.0 or
more.
Eating more calories than you burn in daily
activity and exercise - on a long-term basis -
can lead to obesity. Over time, these extra
calories add up and cause weight gain.
Obesity can lead to more than simple weight
gain.
o Having a high ratio of body fat to
muscle puts strain on your bones as
well as your internal organs.
o It also increases inflammation in the
body, which is thought to be a risk
factor for cancer. Obesity is also a
major risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
On a personal level, you can help prevent
weight gain and obesity by making healthier
lifestyle choices:
o Aim for moderate exercise like
walking, swimming, or biking for 20
to 30 minutes every day.
o Eat well by choosing nutritious
foods, like fruits, vegetables, whole
grains, and lean protein.
o Eat high-fat, high-calorie foods in
moderation.
Source: https://www.healthline.com/health/obesity
SYNONYMS
o to make healthier lifestyle choices  to choose nutritious foods/ to eat high-fat, high-
calorie foods in moderation
o to take something into account =
consider something along with other
factors before reaching a decision: cân
nhắc, tính đến một yếu tố nào đấy
trước khi quyết định
o to measure /ˈmeʒər/ (v): to find
the size, quantity, etc. of something
in standard units: đo lường
o calorie /ˈkæləri/ (n) = a unit for
measuring how much energy food will
produce: calo - 1 đơn vị đo năng lượng
o extra /ˈekstrə/ (adj) = more than
is usual: dư thừa
o to add up = to increase by small
amounts until there is a large total:
tích tụ dần
o ratio of A to B /ˈreɪʃiəʊ/ (n): the
relationship between two groups or
amounts that expresses how much
bigger one is than the other: tỷ lệ A
trên B
o to put strain on … = to place an
undue or overwhelming burden on …:
đặt áp lực lên …
o inflammation /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/ (n) = a
condition in which a part of the body
becomes red, painful and swollen (=
larger than normal) because of
infection or injury: chứng viêm
o prevent something /prɪˈvent/ (v)
= to stop something from
happening: ngăn cản …
o moderate exercise: bài tập thể dục
cường độ trung bình