Periodic Table

and Reactivity
Presented by Kesler Science
Vers. 07/2020 © Kesler Science, LLC
Reflect on the Essential
Questions before you dive in… Periodic Table and Reactivity
1. If you were quizzed today,
which questions would you know
the answers to already? Essential Questions:
Type your answer here
1. How do valence
electrons determine an
atom’s chemical
properties, including
2. Which questions would you reactivity?
need to learn more about to
answer confidently? 2. How are elements
classified on the
Type your answer here
periodic table?

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 Periodic Table and Reactivity
Atom
• The basic unit of a chemical element
(ex: gold, oxygen, mercury)

• Consists of 3 basic parts

(protons, neutrons, electrons)

• The atomic mass is the sum of the

protons and neutrons (p + n)

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 Periodic Table and Reactivity
Electrons
• Negatively charged subatomic particle

• Located outside the nucleus in the

electron cloud

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 Periodic Table and Reactivity
Valence Electrons
• An electron in the outermost shell of an
atom that can participate in forming
chemical bonds with other atoms

• The number of valence electrons

determines the element’s reactivity
How many valence electrons does
copper have?
Type your answer here

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 Periodic Table and Reactivity
The Periodic Table
• The periodic table
arranges all of the
known elements in
order of increasing
atomic number
(# of protons)

• Order generally
coincides with
increasing
atomic mass, too
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 Quick Action: INB
Drag the correct
term to label the
different parts of the
14 Drag answer here

Si
periodic table.
Drag answer here
Element Name

Drag answer here

Atomic Mass
28.086
Symbol
Silicon Drag answer here
Atomic Number

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 Periodic Table and Reactivity 1. The atomic number
(which is also the number
What can we tell about this element of protons)
(atom) from the periodic table? Type your answer here

2. The symbol
14 Type your answer here

Si
28.0086
3. The atomic mass
Type your answer here

4. The element’s (atom’s)

name
Silicon
Type your answer here

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Periodic Table
Classification
Periodic Table and Reactivity
Metals (blue) properties:
• Solid at room temperature
(except mercury)
• Shiny luster
• Ductile (bend into a wire)
• Malleable (hammered)
• Good conductor (heat and
electricity)
• High density
• High melting point
• Reactivity – those metals
at the bottom left corner
are most reactive
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Periodic Table
Classification
Periodic Table and Reactivity
Nonmetals (red) properties:
• No luster (dull appearance)
• Poor conductor of heat
and electricity
• Brittle (breaks easily)
• Not ductile
• Not malleable
• Low density
• Low melting point
• Less reactive than metals
(reactivity increases left to
right)
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Periodic Table Periodic Table and Reactivity
Classification
Metalloids (green)

• Elements on both sides of

the zigzag line (staircase)
have properties of both
metals and nonmetals

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 Think About It
Think about the descriptions below. Classify each item as a metal,
nonmetal or metalloid.
A. Shiny new Yeti cup A. Type here
B. Carbon in your pencil lead B. Type here
C. Yellow glob of sulfur C. Type here
D. Nitrogen in the air D. Type here
E. Silicon used in microprocessors E. Type here
in cell phones
F. Helium in a balloon F. Type here
G. An aluminum can G. Type here

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 Periodic Table and Reactivity
Periods on the
Periodic Table
1

• The periods on the PT are 2

the rows numbered from 3

1-7 4

• Atomic number increases

5
from left to right
• Those in the same period 6

have the same number of 7

energy levels or shells

• Chemical properties are
not all similar

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Groups on the
Periodic Table and Reactivity
Periodic Table 1 18

2 13 14 15 16 17

• The groups or families on

the PT are the columns
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
numbered from 1-18
• Same number of valence
electrons
• Chemical properties are
very similar
• Group 1 is the most
reactive and group 18 is
the most inert (stable)

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 Quick Action: INB
Use the shape drawing 1
Periodic Table of the Elements 18

tools to mark up your 1

1

H 2 13 14 15 16 17
2

He
periodic table as described 3 4 1 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

below: (Insert>Shapes) 2 Li Be H symbol

B C N O F Ne
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
• Circle one group on the periodic 3 Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar
table in green 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
• Circle one period on the periodic
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
table in red 5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

• Draw a down arrow next to periods 6

55

Cs
56

Ba
72

Hf
73

Ta
74

W
75

Re
76

Os
77

Ir
78

Pt
79

Au Hg
80

Tl
81 82

Pb
83

Bi
84

Po
85

At
86

Rn
1-7 and add the words “increasing
87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
energy levels and reactivity” 7 Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

• Reactivity increases as you move

from right to left across the metals 57

La
58

Ce
59

Pr
60

Nd
61

Pm
62

Sm
63

Eu
64

Gd Tb
65

Dy
66 67

Ho
68

Er
69

Tm
70

Yb
71

Lu
and from left to right across the
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
nonmetals. Draw two arrows and Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
label “increasing reactivity” Information based on the December 2018 update from IUPAC, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Trends on the Periodic Periodic Table and Reactivity
Table
• Moving down the period
(rows 1-7) the number
of energy levels or shells
increases by 1
o Elements in period 3 have
3 orbitals
o Elements in period 7 have
7 orbitals
• Moving down the period
increases the reactivity
o Cs is more reactive than K
o Li is less reactive than Na
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Trends on the Periodic Periodic Table and Reactivity
Table
Same # of valance electrons
• Groups (columns 1-18): Periodic Table of the Elements going down the column

elements have the same 1

1
18
2
H He
number of valence 1
3
2
4 1 atomic number
13
5
14
6
15
7
16
8
17
9 10
H symbol
electrons in each group 2 Li
11
Be
12
B
13
C
14
N
15
O
16
F
17
Ne
18

3 Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar
• Valence electrons are the 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
electrons in the outer 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
energy level (shell) 55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
o Group 1 has one valence 87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

electron 7 Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

o Group 15 has five valence 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
electrons 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Information based on the December 2018 update from IUPAC, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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 Periodic Table and Reactivity
Reactivity of Atoms
• The ability of atoms to combine or
separate with other atoms to create
new substances (chemical reaction)
• Valence electrons are the key to this
process
• Reactivity changes across the periodic
table

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 Think About It
Look at the elements from period 2 on the Periodic Table.
Explain the differences in their reactivity and how it relates to
the Periodic Table.
Type your answer here

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What makes an Periodic Table and Reactivity
atom “happy”
(stable)?
• Having its outer energy
level (shell) filled with
electrons
• Example: (group 18)
highlighted in red
• These atoms do not want
to bond with other atoms
(inert)
• Helium is the exception
because it is “happy”
(stable) with only two
valence electrons
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 • Hydrogen has only one
Periodic Table and Reactivity valence electron.
What happens Hydrogen (Group 1)
if an atom • H does not follow the
rule of 8; its “happy”
doesn’t have
number is 2
8 valence
electrons? Who might hydrogen bond
with to make itself “happy”
(stable)?

Don’t peek at the next slide!

Type your answer here

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 Periodic Table and Reactivity

Hydrogen Hydrogen
• Hydrogen easily bonds with itself!
Slide this box over after you have answered the question on the
• This way both hydrogen previous slide.atoms can share

an electron and be “happy” (stable)

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 Periodic Table and Reactivity • Oxygen has 6
Let’s look Oxygen valence electrons
(It’s in Group 16)
at oxygen
• To make 8 and
become stable, it
needs to bond with
either one atom
that has two
valence electrons,
or two atoms that
have one valence
electron
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 Periodic Table and Reactivity Can you think of a way that
oxygen could become stable?
Let’s look Oxygen

at oxygen Don’t peek at the next slide!

Type your answer here

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 Periodic Table and Reactivity Hydrogen Hydrogen

• Now oxygen is “happy” (stable)

• It bonded with 2 hydrogen atoms making

Slide this box over after you have answered the question on the
a molecule of H2previous 0 (water)
slide.

• Sometimes called the “Mickey Mouse

Molecule”

Oxygen

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 Think About It
The Periodic Table provides essential information on all elements.
Pick two elements from the list below and compare their atomic
structure, physical characteristics, and reactivity.
Type your answer here
beryllium (Be)
boron (B)
carbon (C)
fluoride (F)
neon (Ne)
helium (He)
chlorine (Cl)
silicon (Si)
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 Last Look Periodic Table and Reactivity
8
groups Vertical columns on the periodic table are called? 2
periods

This or That groups

6 Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called? periods
1

Let’s see if you can crack the code.

You will need to identify which Number of groups or families on the periodic
77 table?
5
18
characteristic is being described in
each statement.
57 Number of periods on the periodic table? 18
6

(Hint: Slide the word over to reveal

Same number of Same number of
a number. You will need the number 3 Elements in the same group are similar in this 7
energy shells valence electrons
for the secret code.)
Same number of Same number of
0 Elements in the same period are similar in this 2
SECRET CODE: energy shells valence electrons

Type your answer here

Group
9 1 Which group is most reactive? Group
0 18

What are the electrons in the outermost orbit

valence 7electrons called?
3
negative electrons
 Give your best answer to...

1. Identify how valence electrons determine an atom’s

chemical properties, including reactivity.
Type your answer here

Check for
Understanding 2. Interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table to explain
how properties are used to classify elements, including
periods and groups.
Type your answer here
 Which essential questions do you still need help to understand?

Type your answer here

Still have
questions?