ICODINGIDECODING CYBER BULLYING

·
encoding is the process of hearing a sound

and being able write

to a symbol representthatsound
to

·
decoding is the opposite:it involves seeing a written symbol

and being able say

to sounditrepresents.
what

Example:if a childhears the sound (t) and then writes the

letter "T" this means they are encode this

able to sound.

in
communication
NOISe
Barriers
Feedback

Sender Encoding channel

message Receiver Decoding CHINESE FILIPINO AUTHORS

16YU
gender ·
Epic Bukidnon
hero of

& The sender the communicator is the person who initiates the conversation and
or

has conceptualized the idea thathe intends to convey itto

others.

ENCODIng
* The sender
begins with the encoding process where in he uses certain words or

non-verbal methods (symbols, signs, body gestures, etc.) to translate the information
a
into message. The knowledge, skills,
sender's perception, background, competencies, etc.

hasa greatimpacton the success the

of
message.

MESSAGE

*Once the
encoding is finished, the sender gets the
message that
he intends

to
convey. The message can be written, oval, symbolic or non-verbal (body
gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc.)
or any other signal thattriggers the response of

the receiver.

CHanneL

* The sender chooses the medium through which he wants to

convey his message

the
to
recipient. The choice of
medium depends on the interpersonal relationship

between the S and the R andalso the

urgency of the message to be sent.

Oral, virtual, written, sound, gestures, etc. are some

of the common communication

medium.

ReceiveR
④ The whom the message is intendedto. He tries comprehend
to
iti n
person for
the best possible manner. The receiver decodes the message depending on

his knowledge the subject, experience, trust

of and relationshipwith the S.

DECODING
The receiver the
interprets senders message and tries understand. An
to
&

effective communication occurs only if the R understands the message

in exactly the same way as it was intendedby the S.

FEEDBACK
R receivedthe
that the
* The feedbackis the final step. Ensures message
andunderstands it
 PLANETS DWARF PLANETS The study of planet is Astronomy.
· MERCURY PLUTO
1 Astronomy is the study of everything in the
N 15 universe beyond Earth's atmosphere. That
ENUS
7 3 ERIS includes objects we can see with our naked
eyes, like the Sun, the Moon, the planets, and
N N1
the stars.
↓ EARTH 2 HAUMEA
N N2
5 MARS 4 MAKEMAKE
N2 00

2 JUPITER 5 CERES
>80 (57confirmed, 23 provisional) 10

SATURN
183 (63 confirmed, 20 provisional Moons - also called as natural satellites - come in many
3 URANUS
shapes, sizes and types. They are generally solid bodies,
and few have atmospheres. Most planetary moons
027 probably formed from the discs of gas and dust
circulating around planets in the early solar system.
4 NEPTUNE
114

PLANTS THE
PROCESS PHOTOSYNTHESIS
OF

-
a living organism the
of
exemplified
kind by trees, -

during photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H20)
and Typically from the air and soil. Within the plantcell, the water oxidized, meaning it
shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns mosses. is

growing in a
permanentsite,absorbing water and loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning itgains electrons.

inorganic substances through its roofs, and

synthesizing This transforms the water into
oxygen andthe carbon dioxide into glucose.
nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the The plantthen releases the oxygen back the air,
i nto andstores energy

green pigment chlorophyll. within the glucose molecules.

CHLOROPHYLL
ROOTS Inside the plant cell are small organelles called chloroplasts, which store the energy of
roofs have three sunlight. Within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast is a light-absorbing
the major jobs
-

pigment called chlorophyll, which is responsible for giving the plant its green color.
·
absorbing water and minerals, During photosynthesis, chlorophyll absorbs energy from blue- and red-light waves, and
reflects green-light waves, making the plant appear green.
·
anchoring and
supporting the plant,
·
storing food LIGHT-DEPENDENTVS. LICHT-INDEPENDENTREACTIONS

While there are many steps behind the process of photosynthesis, it can be broken down into
LEAFILEAVES two major stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. The light-
dependent reaction takes place within the thylakoid membrane and requires a steady stream
leaves the partof
the are
primary food-making of sunlight, hence the name light-dependent reaction. The chlorophyll absorbs energy from the
-

light waves, which is converted into chemical energy in the form of the molecules ATP and
the plant. Leaves absorb carbon dioxide from the air,
NADPH. The light-independent stage, also known as the Calvin Cycle, takes place in the stroma,
combine w ith
it water that
c omes throughthe roofs of the space between the thylakoid membranes and the chloroplast membranes, and does not
known
require light, hence the name light-independent reaction. During this stage, energy from the
the plants make
to
food (a sugar molecule
ATP and NADPH molecules is used to assemble carbohydrate molecules, like glucose, from
as glucose) release the
into air. carbon dioxide.
and oxygen
-
to
produce foodfor the plantby photosynthesis.
 THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
· BRAIN The nervous
system is made up
oftwo
distinct
parts:theglands the endocrine
of
system secrete

· SPINAL CORD -
The central nervous system (CNS)
chemicals calledhormones regulate
that most

NERVES of the processes in bodies such

Peripheral system
· -
our as
nervous

growth, reproduction, metabolism the

System
and
The Central Nervous even

· Brain control the

of of
amount glucose in our blood.

·
Spinal cord -

responsible for releasing hormones, this system

The System includes the pineal gland, pituitary gland,

Peripheral Nervous

· nerves that leadinto

andout
of thyroid, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary
testis.
the CNS the
parts of the body.
and
to
other

The entire Nervous system controls other

all the systems TYROSINE
of the body (such as digestion and cardiac rhythm, and -
is a nonessential amino acidthe body makes

responds internal
to and external changes, such as activating from another amino acidcalled
phenylalanine.
muscles and breathing). It also transmits information the
to Itis an essential componentfor the production
brain, such as pain and external sensations. several
of important brain chemicals called

neourotransmitters, including epinephrine,

and dopamine. Neurotransmitters
DISEASES AND DISORDERS norepinephrine
·
Paralysis ·
meningitis ·
narcolepsy help nerve cells communicate and
influence
·
Parkinson's Disease ·
Multiple Sclerosis ·
migraine mood. Tyrosine also helps produce melanin, the

·
Palsy
·
muscular tics ·
peripheral neuropathy pigmentresponsible for hair and skin color. It

·
embolisms ·
Huntington's Disease traumatic brain injury helps in the function of organs responsible for

thrombosis brain making regulating hormones, including the

· · cancer the
of
and

·
arteriosclerosis ospinal cord or nerves adrenal, thyroidandpituitary glands. Itis
·
polic ·
epilepsy involvedin the structure almostevery
of

·
myelitis · seizure protein in the body.
ALS
·

ADRENALINE
Epinephrine also calledadrenaline, is both
SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE a

hormone and neurotransmitter. As hormone,

Oral Cavity
a a
·

·
Esophagus it's made and releasedby your adrenal glands,
· liver which are hat shapedglands that
s iton topof

· Stomach each kidney. As a central nervous system

neurotransmitter, it's chemical
Small Intestine messenger that
a
·

·
Large Intestine helps transmitnerve signals across nerve

another
endings to nerve cell, muscle cell or
gland
·
Rectum

· Anus cell.

system responsible for

ofthe sympathetic nervous system, which
-this is the breaking down part
-

and absorption nutrients

of andthe elimination of the is part your
of
body's emergency response

waste not utilized by the body. system danger

to the "fight-or-flight"
-

responsible for identifying which minerals, vitamins andother essentials response (acute stress response).

from the foods we can

eat be
absorbedandutilizedor storedby

the body andwhich to be disposed of, and

carrying t hose
out functions.

DISEASES AND DISORDERS

· Diverticulitis ·
hepatitis
·
gastritis · liver cancer

·pancreatitis · irritable bowel/colon syndrome

·
cholecystitis ·
Crone's disease

· cirrhosis ·
hemorrhoids