FACULTY OF ACCOUNTANCY

FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT
(MGT162)

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
SELF REFLECTION LEARNING JOURNAL

NAME: NUR ZAMIRA ALIA BINTI ZAMIL ALI

MATRICS NUMBER: 2023856966
GROUP: MAC1101E
LECTURER: DR. NURUL AMYRA MAT ISA

DATE OF SUBMISSION:
15 JANUARY 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGES

Introduction 2

Learning Strengths and Weaknesses 2

Summary of the Chapters:

Chapter 8: Communication 3
Chapter 9: Quality 4
Chapter 10: Islamic Management 5

Learn from the Chapters 6

Challenges Faced 7

Reason for those Difficulties 7

Overcoming those Difficulties 7

My thoughts 8

Conclusion 8

1
 INTRODUCTION
My name is Nur Zamira Alia Binti Zamil Ali, a first semester
student in Diploma of Accountancy at UITM Alor Gajah,
Melaka. The state I was born was in Putrajaya and I live in
terrace house in Puchong, Selangor. My date of birth is 27th
November 2005. One of the things I like the most is achieving a
good result in everything I do, whereas one the things that I
dislike is the feeling that I’m not good enough.
Other than that, I have a few hobbies which is playing
handball and badminton. I usually do these hobbies during my
leisure time so that I can stay consistent and achieve my goals
for each hobby. I am for a healthy and capable body because I
want to stay fit so that I can gain everyone trust towards me.
At the end, it all comes from Allah who grants me everything I
pray for, and I feel grateful because of it.
Lastly, one of my favorite subjects which is
Fundamentals of Management (MGT162) have an individual
task that I need to prepare a self-reflection learning journal.
The purpose for this journal is to gives me the opportunity to
reflect on my personal learning experiences. I mainly excited
for this assignment because reflective learning journal is very
different from academic assignment that I have been writing.

LEARNING STRENGTHS
AND WEAKNESSES

STRENGTHS WEAKNESS
Ability to accept and Fear of failure
learn from mistakes Sometimes afraid to ask
Always excited to learn the lecturer for help
new things and Don’t know how to
experiences manage time well
Critical thinking skills

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 CHAPTER 8: COMMUNICATION
Process of exchanging information by sending or receiving the information

DEFINITION COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Interpersonal communication 1.Sender 2. Receiver 3. Encoding
Process of sending and receiving messages Person who starts Someone who receive the Situation when
among individuals or groups when people talk, the conversation message we choose the
write, and use body language in exchanging Who wants the right symbol to
information. information to be create the right
known by others. message (e.g.
Mass communication angry, smile).
One-way communication (e.g. watching tv)
4. Decoding 5. Message 6. Noise
Importance Process to translate The result from Possibilities noise
To satisfy social needs the message into encoding process from surrounding.
To motivate meaningful
To control information
To inform
7. Feedback 8. Channel
Response given from Medium to reply the
Rules of Communication the receiver to sender message.
Provide information to others. E.g. Whatsapp, Instagram,
Give clear information.
Manager can coordinate work.

Characteristics of effective
communication
Provide useful information to others.
Be detailed in giving information.
Convince others and offer
recommendations when facing any
FIGURE 1.1 COMMUNICATION PROCESS
challenges.

FORMAL INFORMAL CHANNEL

CHANNEL Also known as “Grapevine”
Vertical communication Message passed may be inaccurate.
Mix of others business
Top Top Categories of infromal information:
Manager Manager 1. Single Strand
2. Gossip
Middle Middle 3. Probality
manager manager 4. Cluster

First line First line

FIGURE 1.2 VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
FIGURE 1.3 INFORMAL NETWORK
Upward
communication
Downward
communication TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONS
1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Oral communication
Message move Message move
Written communication
from bottom to from top to 2. Non-verbal communication
top. bottom. Facial expressions
The first line E.g. memos, new Body language
worker will policy, job Touch
provide daily instructions Appearance
activities to the 3. Technological Communication
top management. Telecommuting or “telework”
Email
Video conferencing 3
The internet
 CHAPTER 9: QUALITY
Quality: The total of features and characteristics of productor service
Total Quality Management: A strategy by the top management to serve a good
quality product a guiding factor in everything it does.

DIMENSIONS TOOLS OF TQM

OF QUALITY 1. Fishbone Diagram (Kaoru Ishikawa Diagram

Performance Product main standard

Features Products characteristic

Ability to function during

Reliability
certain periods

Products meet established FICURE 2.1 THE FISHBONE DIAGRAM

Conformance
standards
2. Benchmarking

Competitive benchmarking
Durability Measure of product life Studying competitor’s products,
processes, or business
performance
Serviceability Customer service Process benchmarking
Studying the distribution, order
entry or employee training
Aesthetic Look, feel, taste and smell aspects.
Strategic benchmarking
Seeks the winning strategies that
Perceived Quality As seen as customer have proven to bring successes.

TABLE 2.1 EIGHT DIMENSIONS OF QUALITY (Griffin,2015)

PRINCIPLES OF TQM
PROBLEMS IN
IMPLEMENTING TQM 1. Do it right the first time
Lack of management Assist an organization in becoming more
efficient.
commitment.
2. Be customer centered
Follow what other companies are Prioritizes its customer.
doing. No specific target. 3. Make continuous improvement a way of life
Lack of training on serve good E.g. technology, worker
quality for both employees and 4. Build teamwork and empowerment
management.
Regularly changing target
because of lack of focus.
No communication system
between the top management
and and employees to inform
daily activity.
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CHAPTER 10: ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT
Management: The ability to utilize human capital and material resources
optimally to achieve desired goals, both short-term and long-term goals.
Islamic Management: Practical ever since the ara of Prophet Muhammad

PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC
MANAGEMENT Build hope to the faithful
Represents the trust
1. Time is to be well spent, not wasted

CHARACTERISTICS
2. Uphold and internalize the Islamic ethical values OF AN ISLAMIC
LEADER
3. No favouritism of bias (discrimination)

Obey to the shariah

4. Employees must be paid fairly and equally Has global goal sets to archive

ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT VS.

5. Conducive reward for exceptional achievement to
CONVENTIONAL MANAGEMENT
prevent violations.
CONVENTIONAL ISLAMIC
DIFFERENCES MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT

6. As-Shura (consultation based on cooperation among

A group work to A group coming
members) Purpose of achieve together to achieve
Organizations organizational the purpose of human
goals existence

7. Human nature and needs should be considered

equally Motive of human To satisfy their To make sure their
beings to work personal desire growth work smoothly

TABLE 3.1 PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT TABLE 3.2 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL MANAGEMENT

PLANNING LEADING
Process of setting a goal for short term and long-
Process in managing and motivating employees
term goals.
From Islamic point of view, leadership refers to
Ensure successful management of the
process of moving people in a planned direction
organization we need planning, especially in the
by motivating them.
fast- moving company.
Good leadership create a good environment.
Key steps to successful planning include: Qualities of an excellent leader
1. Be responsible. 1. Responsibility
2. Implement decision. 2. Fairness
3. Delegate to others
4. Forward thinking about the advantages and
disadvantages ISLAMIC
MANAGEMENT
5. Fair to others in the organization
FUNCTIONS

ORGANIZING CONTROLLING
Coordination of activities and resources to be
From Islamic perspective define as the
undertaken by human effort.
application of the procedures
The term to arrange and allocated resources of
Monitoring all the activity held in the company.
an organization.
Carrying out the plans and assuring all the goals
Main aspects in defining the relationship
set are achieve.
between internal and external stakeholders:
1. Authority
2. Responsibility
3. Accountability
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LEARNING: CHAPTER 8, 9, 1O
Chapter 8: Communication
From this chapter, I learned that communication is important in
organizations to keep up with every activity in an organization. There
are a lot of things we need to give focus in communication for
example, elements, types, process, categories and how to overcome
the barriers to have an effective communication in a company.

Chapter 9: Quality
From this chapter, I know that Total Quality Management has 4
principles in total. I also learned about dimensions of quality from
this chapter. In addition, we have several prominent gurus or
philosophers in quality management. Some of them are, W. Edwards
Deming, Joseph Juran, Armand Feigenbaum, Kaoru Ishikawa and
Philip Crosby.

Chapter 10: Islamic Management

From this chapter, I learned about principles of Islamic management
and have seven in total. Other than that, in this chapter also talk
about four characteristics of an Islamic leader. Lastly, I also get to
learn Islamic management functions which is planning, leading,
organizing and controlling.

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 CHALLENGES FACED AND
REASON
1. 2.
LACK OF NOTES
PLAYING PHONE
Lack of taking notes during
lecturer times Not focus during class
because keep playing with
phone
3.
NOT DOING REVISION
Not doing any revision after 4.
class to overcome difficulties UNSTABLE INTERNET CONNECTION
Choose a place that not
strategic for online class

STRATEGY TO OVERCOME
THE DIFFICULTIES
DO REVISION FOR ALL
CHAPTERS
I need to take initiative on
DO AN ONLINE QUIZ
my own to do revision for
Online quiz website such as
all chapters by reviewing
Quizizz help me to
every instructional video
understand more about the
that my lecturer upload on
chapter.
google classroom. It is
because I am not a fast
learner.

HIGLIGHT KEYWORDS
It is easy for me to make a
quick references.

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 THOUGHTS
I feel like I has gain more knowledge in this subject after
learning every chapter. It makes me feel happy because I
get to know more about Fundamentals of Management.
My favorite chapter of those three chapters is definitely
about Islamic Management because as we already know,
Islam is a universal religion with billion followers so
Islamic perspective in organization is becoming more
important.

CONCLUSION
Chapter communication teach us that
communication is important in an
organization to make sure the
management run smoothly, and all
the goals set can be achieve.

From the chapter quality I know the

quality in an organization is
important to maintain the company
performance.

Lastly in chapter 10 which is Islamic

management teach us that Islamic
perspective is important because it focus
on cooperation and collaboration among
the employees and managers.