The Study of Rizal in Historical and Critical Approach
House versions, a Bicameral Conference Committee
Why study Rizal?
1. Because it is mandated by law.
- Republic Act 1425 – Rizal Law
✓ act to include in the curricula of all public and private
school, colleges, and universities courses on the life,
works, and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his
novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo,
authorizing the printing and distribution thereof,
and for other purposes
o Nagsimula as Rizal Bill
o Legislative process – the process where a bill
becomes a law
Steps:
a. Filing of the bill in the Senate Office of the
Secretary
- The proponents of the bill will be given a number and
a date for the first reading
b. First reading
- The title number and the proponents of the bill
- Referral to the appropriate committee
c. Committe hearings
- The bill is discussed within the committee and a
period of consultations is held.
- The committee can approve, approve without revision,
approve with amendments, or recommend substitution
or consolidation with similar bills or they may reject
our bill
- After the committee submits the committee report,
the bill is calendared for a second reading just in case
they do not reject the bill that we printed in the
Supreme Court or the Senate.
d. Second Reading
- Amendments may be suggested to the bill
- The author delivers a sponsorship speech
- The other members of the Senate may engage in
discussions regarding the bill and a period of debates
will pursue
e. Voting on the Second Reading
- The Senators vote on whether to approve or reject
the bill, if approved, the bill is calendared for third
reading
f. Voting on the Third Reading
- Copies of the final versions are distributed to the
members of the Senate who will vote for its approval
or rejection
g. Consolidation of Version from the House
- The similar steps above are followed by the House
of Representatives in coming up with the approved
bill
Life and Works of Rizal
- If there are differences between the Senate and
is called to reconcile the two. After this, both
chambers approve the consolidated version
o after that, they will approve the Consolidated
version where there were changes because there
were incidents or there was a part in the bill that
the two did not agree
h. Transmittal of the Final Version to Malacanang
Palace
- the bill is then submitted to the President for
signing
- there is still freedom, or there is still a chance, or
there are still times that the bill that we were given
could go back to zero
Rizal Bill to Rizal Law
April 3, 1956 - senate bill number 438 was filed by the
senate committee on education
April 17, 1956 - Jose P. Laurel sponsored the bill and began
delivering speeches for the proposed legislation
June 12, 1956 - President Magsaysay signed the bill into law
Sen. Claro M. Recto
- The main proponent of the Rizal Bill
o He believed that studying the life and works of
Rizal would be instrumental in teaching the youth
to stand up for their country, therefore
embodying the values and ideals of Rizal.
- Born in Tiaong, Tayabas, Quezon on February 8, 1890
to Claro Recto Sr. and Micaela Mayo
- Completed his primary education in his hometown and
his secondary education in Batangas
- For his college education, he moved to Manila and
completed his AB degree at the Ateneo and was
awarded Maxima Camlaude in 1909
- In 1914, he finished his law degree from the University
of Santo Tomas and he was admitted to the bar
that same year
- His political career started in the House of
Representatives in 1919 when he was elected as
representative of the 3rd District of Batangas
- From the House of Representatives, he moved to
the Senate in 1931 when he was elected as a Senator.
o he held key positions such as Minority Floor Leader,
majority floor leader, and Senate President
- In 1935, he became Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court
Sen. Jose P. Laurel
- Also sponsored the said law
- The head of the senate committe on education
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY- TNEU LIPA CAMPUS
- He helped Sen. Recto defend the viability and
practicality of having the bill enacted into law
2. Because of the lesson contained within the course
- to recognize the importance of Rizal's ideals and
teaching in relation to present condition and
situation in the society
- to encourage the application of such ideals in
current social and personal problems and issues
- To develop an appreciation and deeper
understanding of all that Rizal fought and dies for
- To foster the development of the Filipino youth in
all aspects of citizenship
Rizal in the 19th-Century Philippines
Jose Rizal
- Born in the 19th century
- He first used the word FILIP1NO to refer to the
inhabitants of the country, whether they are
Spanish or Filipino blood
✓ Under the Spanish rule, the native inhabitants
were called Indios, which is mga pure-blooded Filipino
✓ Inhabitats with Spanish blood, peninsulares,
insulares, and mestizo, were regarded as Filipinos
Renegotiating Social Stratification
Peninsular
- Pure-blooded Spaniard born in the Iberian-Peninsula
(Spain); mga nasa upper class society
- Kapag parehas ng magulang ay Spaniard at kapag sa
Spain pinanganak
Insular
- Pure-blooded Spaniard born in the Philippines
- Kahit na pure-blooded Spaniard kapag sa Pilipinas
pinanganak ang tawag ay Insular, hindi Peninsular
- Middle class society
Mestizo
- Born of mixed percentage, a mestizo can be:
- Spanish Mestizo - one parent is Spanish, the other
is a native
- Chinese Mestizo - one parent is Chinese, the other
is native
Principalia
- Wealthy pure-blooded nativesupposedly descended
from the Kadatoan class
- pure-blooded Filipino na ating iaangkla sa kung ano
yung meron ngayon na kung saan hindi tayo nasasakop
ng mga dayuhan
- yung upper class natin bilang mga purong mga
Pilipino
Life and Works of Rizal
Indio
- Pure-blooded native of the Philippines
Suez Canal
- first infrastructure that paved the way for the
importation of books, magazines and newspaper with
the liberal ideas from Europe and America
- instrumental to the political awakening of Rizal
because he was able to expand his perspective,
therefore shaping his nationalist sensiblities
- naging isa sa mga significant events noong 19th
century that contributed to the formation and
the rest of the propagandist consciousness were
the opening or yung pagbubukas ng Suez Canal
- naging daan, kumbaga, para tayo ay makapag-import
and also export ng mga books, ng mga magazines,
mga newspapers, ano po, even yung mga products na
meron ang Pilipinas
- Aim ni Rizal na makilala rin ang Pilipinas bilang isang
bansa na madaming kilalang manunulat
Ancestry Clan of Rizal
Birth and Background
Birth Date : June 19, 1861, in Calamba
Birth Place : Southwest shore of Laguna de Bay, around
40 miles south of Manila
Birth Order : He was the seventh child in a family of 11
children (2 boys and 9 girls)
Ancestral Origins
Siang-co and Zun-nio of Fujian, China – earlist known
ancestors
✓ Their son Lam-co migrated to the Philippines in the
late 1600s, adopting the name “Domingo“
Paternal ascendant: Full-blooded Chinese, migrated from
Amoy, China
✓ Lam-co married Ines de la Rosa, daughter of
Agustin Chin-co and Jacinta Rafaela, a Chinese
mestiza resident of the Parian
- They responded to the invitation of Spanish
friars to relocate to the Dominican estate of
Biñan, Laguna
✓ In 1731, Francisco Mercado was born, and to navigate
anti-Chinese sentiments, Lam-co changed the family
surname to the Spanish "Mercado," signifying their
merchant roots
- Francisco married Bernarda Monica of San Pedro,
Tunasan, in 1771, establishing a legacy of leaders
✓ Juan Mercado, their son, served as the capitan
municipal of Biñan
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY- TNEU LIPA CAMPUS
 - With Cirila Alejandra, Juan had 13 children,
including Rizal's father, Francisco (He was
named Francisco in memory of his grandfather)
Parents : Francisco Mercado y Chinco and Teodora Alonso
(Daughter of Lorenzo Alberto Alonso and Brigida de
Quintos)
Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso
✓ At 30, he married Teodora Alonso, a Manila-born girl,
and their union in 1848 marked the beginning of the
Mercado-Rizal family in Calamba
Siblings
Saturnina Rizal (1850-1913)
- Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan,
Batangas
Paciano Rizal (1851-1930)
- Studied at San Jose College in Manila
- became a farmer and later a general of the
Philippine Revolution
Narcisa Rizal (1852-1939)
- married Antonio Lopez at Morong Rizal
Olympia Rizal (1855-1887)
- Married Silvestre Ubaldo
- Died in 1887 from childbirth
Lucia Rizal (1857-1919)
- Married Matriano Herbosa
Maria Rizal (1859-1945)
- Married Daniel Faustino Cruz
Jose Rizal (1861-1896)
- Executed by the Spaniards on December 30, 1896
Life and Works of Rizal
Conception Rizal (1862-1865)
- Died at the age of 3
Josefa Rizal
- An epileptic, died a spinster
Trinidad Rizal
- Died a spinster and the last of the family to die
Soledad Rizal (1870-1929)
- Married Plantaleon Quintero
Early Education
Binan and Calamba – 1st formal schooling of Rizal
1870 – 1871 – Rizal studied in an all-boys private school in
Binan, Laguna under Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
Four R's (reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion)
- typical schooling that a son of an ilustrado family
receive
Rizal’s First Teacher : His mother, Teodora Alonso
- she first discovered that he had a talent for
poetry
Other Teacher’s and Tutors of Rizal
✓ Maestro Celestino
✓ Maestro Lucas Padua
✓ Leon Monroy - a former classmate of Rizal's
father, became the boy's tutor
o instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin
Manong Jose
- He was called Manong Jose by the Hermanos and
Hermanas Terceras as he was so seriously devoted
to God
Father Leoncio Lopez
- The town priest in Calamba whom Rizal respected
- He helped understand the philosophy of life
- Rizal immortalized him as Father Florentino in his
novel El Filibusterismo
Rizal’s Formative Years in Ateneo and Scholastic
Records
1865 - Ateneo was a secondary school that offered
rigorous courses almost equivalent to college academics,
the finest school in the Philippines because of the
rigorous intellectual standards of the Jesuits
- Rizal won a special prize in poetry for "A La Javentud
Filipina,"
o Rizal developed into a first-rate student
o The Ateneo years were a coming-out period for
Rizal
o The most noticeable change in Rizal's education
was his mastery of Spanish
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY- TNEU LIPA CAMPUS
Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez
- Remarked that Rizal was becoming proficient in
Spanish
Father Jose Villaclara
- instructed Rizal in the sciences and philosophy
- he developed a scientific curiosity in Rizal that
lasted until his death and convinced Rizal to take
a scientific attitude about life
University of Sto. Tomas
✓ The Dominican school provided Rizal with an
opportunity to enhance the academic lessons
learned at Ateneo and placed them in a broader
historical perspective
✓ Rizal chose Philosophy and Letters during his
freshman year
✓ After completing his first year, Rizal shifted to
medicine based on advice from Father Ramon Pablo
and the desire to cure his mother's failing eyesight
➢ The Ateneo years was the formative ones. Rizal
would excel as a scientist, a fiction writer, a
nationalist and a medical doctor
➢ Rizal's performance at the University of Santo
Tomas was not as excellent as his time at the
Ateneo.
The Propaganda Movement
✓ encompassed the activities of a group of Filipinos
who called for political reforms in their land in the
late 19th century, and produced books, leaflets, and
newspaper articles to educate others about their
goals and issues they were trying to solve
✓ aimed to make the Philippines a fully recognized,
autonomous overseas province of Spain,
contributing art, ideas, and leaders
✓ Organized for literary and cultural purposes more
than for political ends
Specific Goals of the Propaganda Movement
1. The representation of the Philippines in the Cortes,
or Spanish parliament
2. Secularization of the clergy
3. legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality
Life and Works of Rizal
4. creation of a public school system independent of
the friars
5. abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala
(forced sale of local products to the government)
6. guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and
association
7. equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter
government service.
Educational Background of Jose Rizal
➢ At 11 years old, he entered the Ateneo Municipal de
Manila and earned excellent marks in subjects like
philosophy, physics, chemistry, and national history
➢ He studied medicine at the University of Santo
Tomás, but in 1882, he entered the University of
Madrid in Spain to finish his studies
Jose Rizal
- Founder of the Propaganda Movement
- 1st Reform
o They need to have equal rights
- 2nd Reform
o representation of the Philippines when it
comes to the Spanish Cortes.
- 3rd Reform
o Secularization of friars
Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not)
- completed on 1887 while he was studying ng Europe
o The first sections were written on 1884 in
Madrid
- Rizal completed and published the novel on 1887 in
Berlin, Germany
- Tinulungan siya ni Maximo Viola, financially, para
mapublish ang Noli Me Tangere
El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed)
- Rizal wrote El Filibusterismo in dedication to the
three martyred priests Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, expressing conviction
that their treatment and deaths at the hands of
the Spanish authorities was unjust
- Sinimulan sa niya ito isulat sa Calamba noong October
1887 at ipinagpatuloy sa London noong 1888
- Published in Ghent, Belgium in 1891 to save on costs
- Spending all the money he had in addition to a loan
from Valentin Ventura, Rizal was able to publish his
second novel in the year of its completion
La Solidaridad
- Published on February 15, 1889
- one of the biggest instrument of the Propaganda
Movement, releasing new issues every two weeks
- newspaper ng Propaganda Movement
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY- TNEU LIPA CAMPUS
Other Notable Contributors March 1887
1. Graciano Lopez Jaena - Publication of the novel Noli Me Tangere in Germany
2. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Rizal’s First Homecoming
3. Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt
August 1887
- an Austrian geographer and teacher who met Rizal
- Rizal returned to the Philippines after five years in
in Germany and became one of his closest friends
Europe
1887 Reasons for returning:
- Rizal returned briefly to the Philippines 1. to find out how Noli Me Tangere affected the
- Because of his first novel, he was advised by the Filipinos & Spaniards in the Philippines
governor to leave 2. to operate his mother’s eyes
3. to serve his people
June, 1892
4. to inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent
- After a stay in Europe and Hong Kong, Rizal returned
to the Philippines June 29, 1887
- Rizal wrote to his father that he was coming home
July, 1892
- Rizal established the La Liga Filipina July 3, 1887
o La Liga Filipina (The Philippine League) - Rizal boarded the streamer Djemnah, the same ship
- The Philippine League that Rizal rode when travelling to Europe
- isang sikreto na samahan na kung saan ito yung isang
July 30, 1887
samahan na naglalayo na buuwin or magsama-sama
- at Saigon, Rizal transferred to another streamer
yung mamamayang Pilipino para makaalpas or makaalis
“Haiphong“ which was Manila-bound
doon sa maling pamamalakad, sa hindi magandang
pamamalakad ng mga Spaniards or ng mga Kastila. August 5, 1887

1892 - At 9:00 o’ clock in the evening, Rizal arrived at Manila

- Jose Rizal was arrested and exiled to Dapitan, after five years of study and patriotic labors in

Zamboanga del Norte Europe

o The Propaganda Movement languished after Rizal's August 8, 1887

arrest and the collapse of the Liga Filipina - Rizal returned to Calamba and established his medical

November 1895 clinic. His first patient was his mother

- La Solidaridad went out of business August 30, 1887

1896 - He left Calamba for Manila to see Governor-General

- del Pilar and Lopez Jaena died in Barcelona, worn down Emelio Terrero on the issue of the Noli Me Tangere

by poverty and disappointment which caused torment among the friars in the
Philippines
Illustrado
- Terrero asked him for a copy and Rizal, after a few
- advocates of reform and peaceful evolution (the
days looking for copy, handed him a worn out one
compromisers); educated Filipinos
February 1888
The Travels of Rizal
- Six months later, pressured by the Spanish
May 1882 authorities as well as by his family and friends to
- The National Hero Jose Rizal left the country to leave the country and avoid further persecution,
pursue further studies abroad Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong
- He enrolled in a course in medicine at the Universidad
April 1888
Central de Madrid in Spain
- San Francisco, California
June 1883 - States Rizal visited:
- Rizal traveled to France to observe how medicine o Nevada
was being practiced there o Utah
- After his three-month sojourn in France, Rizal o Colorado
returned to Madrid and thought about publishing a o Nebraska
book that exposed the colonial relationship of o Illinois
Spain and the Philippines o New York

Life and Works of Rizal BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY- TNEU LIPA CAMPUS
May 1888
- England

August 1888
- British Museum

August 1888 (British Museum)

- Rizal copied Antonio de Morga ' s massive study of
the Philippines, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, which
Rizal later annotated for publication " as a gift to
the Filipinos."
- He devoted his time reading all the sources on
Philippine history that he could find
- He kept up his correspondence with various people,
including:
o his family, who were being oppressed by the
Spanish religious landowners
o the Filipino patriots in Spain
o his Austrian friend, Ferdinand Blumentritt,
with whom he planned to form an association
of Philippine scholars

Leonor Rivera
- the daughter of Antonio Rivera and Silvestra
Bauzon
- Her father is a cousin of Rizal' s father,
Francisco Mercado
- Rizal’ s childhood sweetheart and love for 11 years
- married Henry Charles Kipping

1888 to 1890 : London, Paris, and Spain

- He shuttled between London and Paris wrote
ethnographic and history-related studies, as well
as political articles.
- He also frequently visited Spain, where he met
with fellow Filipino intellectuals like Marcelo H. del
Pilar, Mariano Ponce, and Graciano Lopez-Jaena

1890 to 1892 : France, Belgium, Ghent, Hong Kong

- Finished writing El Fili in France Suffered financially
Published El Fili in Ghent thru donations Left
Europe and stayed in Hong Kong Planned to build a
“New Calamba“ in Borneo Went back home in 1892

Life and Works of Rizal BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY- TNEU LIPA CAMPUS