Polarity of

Molecules
Molecular Geometry

Subject Teacher: SM Dahuya

1. Determine the Electronegativity
of the atoms in the molecule

2. Determine the shape or

geometry of the molecule
Molecular Geometry
- pertains to the two or three-
dimensional arrangement of atoms in a
molecule
Basic concepts you need to
remember:

1.Lewis Electron Dot Structure

(LEDS)
2.Valence Shell Electron Pair
Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
Lewis Electron Dot Structure (LEDS)
-valence electrons are represented using a dot
around the symbol of the element
 Octet Rule
• The octet rule states that an element
must gain, lose or share electrons to
attain eight electrons in its valence shell
during chemical bonding.
Hydrogen
Beryllium
Boron
1 8
2 3 4 5 6 7
Lewis Electron Dot Structure (LEDS)

O
Lewis Electron Dot Structure (LEDS)

F
Oxygen: how many lone pairs?
Hydrogen: how many lone pairs?
 How to write

LEWIS DOT
STRUCTURE IN
COMPOUND
Step 1: Determine the number of valence
electrons in each constituent element of the
compound.

Ex. Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4

Carbon = 4 valence electrons.
Chlorine = 7 valence electrons.
Step 2: Determine the total
number of valence electrons
present in the covalent compound.

The total number of valence

electrons in CCl4 is 32.
C=4x1=4
Cl = 7 x 4 = 28
Total = 32 V.E.
Step 3: Draw the skeleton structure
of the molecule.

C=4x1=4
Cl = 7 x 4 = 28
Total = 32 v.e.
Used in bonds: - 8

Skeleton structure of CCl4

Step 4: Distribute the valence electrons to form the Lewis
structure.

C=4x1=4
Cl = 7 x 4 = 28
Total = 32 v.e.
Used in bonds: - 8
REMAINING: 24 v.e.

Lewis structure of CCl4

 NH3
N=5x1=5
H=1x3=3
Total = 8 v.e.
Used in bonds: - 6
Remaining v.e. = 2
Step 5:If the valence electrons seem
to be deficient to satisfy the octet
rule for each element, multiple
bonds can be drawn to satisfy the
rule.

In this compound, all atoms follow

octet rule.
Formation of Multiple Bonds
• Sometimes, atoms connected with
single bonds do not meet the
eight-rule requirement.
• One way to reinforce octet rule in
these atoms is to form multiple
bonds such as double bonds and
triple bonds.
Formation of Multiple Bonds ( CO2)

C=4x1=4
0 = 6 x 2 = 12
Total = 16 v.e.
Used in bonds: 4
Remaining v.e. = 12
Lewis structure of CO2.
Used in bonds: 4
Remaining v.e. = 8
Show the Lewis Structure of
CH4
C x 1= 4
H x 1= 4
Valence Electron: 8
How to determine if a molecule is POLAR or NOT based on Lewis
Structure
Non-Polar
Polar
H=1x1=1
C=4x1=4
N=5x1=5
Total = 10 v.e.
Used in bonds: 4
Remaining v.e. = 6
Used in bonds: 4
Remaining v.e. = 2