TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NÔNG LÂM TPHCM

BỘ MÔN CÔNG NGHỆ HÓA HỌC

CHƯƠNG 3:
TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH
CÔNG NGHỆ HÓA HỌC
(Phần 1)
3.1. Essence and Etymology of Chemical Engineering

LANGUAGE USE 1

Read this short text and use the most appropriate form of the words in bold.

Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies the natural

or 1 ______ (experiment) sciences (e.g. chemistry and physics) and life
sciences (e.g. biology, microbiology and biochemistry) together with
mathematics and 2 ______ (economy) to produce, transform, transport,
and properly use chemicals, materials and energy. It 3 ______ (essence)
deals with the engineering of chemicals, energy and the processes that
create and/or convert them. Modern chemical engineers are concerned
with processes that convert raw materials or (cheap) chemicals into more
useful or 4______ (value) forms. They are also concerned with pioneering
valuable materials and related techniques – which are often essential to
related fields such as nanotechnology, fuel cells and bioengineering.
 George E. Davis, an English 5 ______ (consult), was
credited for having coined the term chemical engineering.
"Chemical engineering", describing the use of 6 ______
(mechanics) equipment in the chemical industry, became
common vocabulary in England after 1850. By 1910, the
profession, "chemical engineer," was already in common
George E. Davis use in Britain and the United States.

1. 4.

2. 5.

3. 6.
LANGUAGE USE 2

Read the text below and choose the best word fits each gap.

______ is an engineering field which ______ with the study of operation

and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production.
______ develop economical commercial processes to convert ______
materials into useful products. Chemical engineering uses principles
of chemistry, physics, ______, biology, and economics to ______ use,
produce, design, transport and transform energy and materials. The work of
chemical engineers can range from the utilization of nanotechnology and
______ in the laboratory to ______ industrial processes that convert
chemicals, raw materials, living cells, ______, and energy into useful ______
and products. Chemical engineers are involved in many ______ of plant
design and operation, including safety and hazard ______, process
design and analysis, modeling, control engineering, chemical reaction
engineering, nuclear engineering, biological engineering, construction
specification, and operating instructions.
 (1) aspects (5) deals (9) mathematics
(2) assessments (6) efficiently (10) microorganisms
(3) Chemical engineering (7) forms (11) nanomaterials
(4) Chemical engineers (8) large-scale (12) raw

LISTENING & SPEAKING

Watch and listen to the following video and then discuss with a partner or in
a small group what you hear about chemical engineering (0-7:36 min). The
following questions might help you check what you have listened.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJeWKvQD90Y&t=262s

1. What is chemical engineering?

2. What are the companies and products in chemical engineering field?
3. What the chemical engineer does?
4. What are the differences between chemists and chemical engineers?
 < MIND MAP >

1 2

CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING

3 4
3.2. History of Chemical Engineering
Read the text below and decide which answer (a, b, c, d) best fits each gap
Chemical engineering emerged upon the development of unit operations,
a fundamental concept of the discipline chemical engineering. Most authors
agree that Davis (1) ____ unit operations if not substantially developed it.
The concept of unit operations was developed to (2) ____ the underlying
unity among seemingly different operations. For example, the principles are
the same whether one is concerned about separating alcohol from water in
a fermenter, or separating gasoline from diesel in a refinery, (3) ____ the
basis of separation is generation of a vapor of a different composition from
the liquid. Therefore such separation processes can be studied together as
a unit operation (in this case called distillation).By the early 1920s, unit
operations became an (4) ____ aspect of chemical engineering at MIT and
other US universities, as well as at Imperial College London. The American
Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), established in 1908, played a key
role in making chemical engineering considered an independent science,
and unit operations central to chemical engineering. For instance, it (5) ____
chemical engineering to be a "science of itself, the basis of which is ... unit
operations" in a 1922 report.
Chemical engineering is a discipline that was developed out of those
practising "industrial chemistry" in the late 19th century. Before the Industrial
Revolution (18th century), industrial chemicals and other consumer products
such as soap were mainly produced (6) ____ batch processing. Batch
processing is labour-intensive and individuals mix predetermined amounts
of ingredients in a vessel, heat, cool or pressurize the mixture for a
predetermined length of time. The product may then be isolated, purified
and tested to achieve a saleable product. Batch processes are (7) ____
performed today on higher value products, such as pharmaceutical
intermediates, speciality and formulated products such as (8) ____ and
paints, or in food manufacture such as pure maple syrups, where a profit
can still be made despite batch methods being slower and (9) ____ in terms
of labour and equipment usage. Due to the application of Chemical
Engineering techniques during manufacturing process development, larger
volume chemicals are now produced through a (10) ____ "assembly line"
chemical processes. Today commodity chemicals and petrochemicals are
predominantly made using continuous manufacturing processes whereas
speciality chemicals, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals are made using
batch processes.
3.2.1. New concepts and innovations

Read the text below and fill the gaps in the text with words from the box
3.2.2. Safety and hazard developments

Read the text below and answer the questions that follow
Terminologies Explanations
Chemical engineering one of the branches of science that applies basic and
life sciences along with applied mathematics and
economics to create, transform, transport, and use
chemicals, materials and energy properly
Chemical engineer one who applies and uses principles of chemical
engineering in any of its various practical applications
Chemist an expert in chemistry; a person engaged in chemical
research or experiments
Chemistry the scientific study of the properties and behavior
of matter
Biology the scientific study of life
Microbiology the scientific study of microorganisms, those being
of unicellular (single-celled), multicellular (consisting of
complex cells), or acellular (lacking cells)
Biochemistry the study of chemical processes within and relating to
(biological chemistry) living organisms
Biochemical engineering a field of study with roots stemming from chemical
(bioprocess engineering) engineering and biological engineering
Terminologies Explanations
Bioengineering the application of principles of biology and the tools of
(biological engineering) engineering to create usable, tangible, economically
viable products
Physics the natural science of matter, involving the study of
matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and
behavior through space and time, and the related
entities of energy and force
Mathematics an area of knowledge that includes the topics of
numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and
the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities
and their changes
Economics a social science that studies the production, distribution,
and consumption of goods and services
Mechanics the area of mathematics and physics concerned with
the relationships between force, matter,
and motion among physical objects
Life sciences the scientific study of life such as microorganisms,
plants, and animals including human beings
Terminologies Explanations
Nanotechnology the manipulation and manufacture of materials and
devices on the scale of atoms or small groups of atoms
Commodity chemicals a group of chemicals that are made on a very large scale
(bulk chemicals) to satisfy global markets
Petrochemicals the chemical products obtained from petroleum by refining
Speciality chemicals particular chemical products which provide a wide variety
(effect chemicals) of effects on which many other industry sectors rely
Fine chemicals complex, single, pure chemical substances, produced in
limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch
chemical or biotechnological processes
Pharmaceuticals substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention
of disease and for restoring, correcting, or modifying
organic functions
Process systems the scientific discipline of integrating scales and
engineering (PSE) components describing the behavior of a physicochemical
system, via mathematical modelling, data analytics,
design, optimization and control
Terminologies Explanations
Refinery a production facility composed of a group of chemical
engineering unit processes and unit operations refining certain
materials or converting raw material into products of value
Chemical reactor an enclosed volume in which a chemical reaction takes place
Bioreactor a device that is used to carry out the fermentation process
(Fermenter) utilizing microorganisms
Fermentation a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in
organic substances through the action of enzymes or the
activity of microorganisms
Fuel cell an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a
fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen)
into electricity through a pair of redox reactions
Distillation the process of separating the component substances of a
liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances
Batch process any manufacturing process in which a product is produced in
separate batches, as opposed to mass production
Insecticide pesticides used to kill insects