Ratio and Proportion

Maths | Year 6 | Steps to Progression Overview

The aim of this overview is to support teachers using PlanIt Maths to show the most logical sequence to teach each area of maths.
We also want to fully support teachers who use the White Rose Maths scheme of learning to make full use of the resources
available within PlanIt Maths. Whenever possible, lesson packs have been matched to each of the small steps on the White Rose
Maths scheme of learning.

Y6 Yearly Overview

Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Geometry - Position

Consolidation
and Direction
Autumn

Number - Number - Addition, Subtraction,

Fractions
Place Value Multiplication and Division

Converting Units

Consolidation
Measurement

Measurement
Spring

Number - Number - Number -

Perimeter, Area Number - Ratio
Decimals Percentages Algebra
and Volume

Geometry - Consolidation
Summer

Proportions of Problem Solving Statistics Investigations

Shapes

Teacher Note:
Our Ratio and Proportion lesson packs cover small steps from the White Rose Maths spring block 6 – Ratio – and some
small steps from spring block 2 – Percentages. Where small steps are not specifically stated, they are covered across
lessons in this unit as a secondary focus. For further coverage of percentages, please head over to the Fractions,
Decimals and Percentages Topic Area.

Autumn Term Spring Term Summer Term

Page 1
Introduction
In this unit, children learn how to use ratio and proportion in problem solving activities. They learn the skills required to determine ratio and
proportion, including percentages, pie charts, unequal quantities, fractions, scale, scale factor and enlargement. These skills are put into practice
with a wide range of problem solving activities. The final lesson in each pack brings together the skills learned in previous lessons and guides
the children to solve reasoning-type activities.
Resources
In addition to your standard maths resources, you will need
interlocking cubes.
SolveIt Lesson Pack: Ratio and Patterns
Can you design a pattern to a given ratio, following detailed
instructions? In this problem solving lesson, children work with
a partner to build up a pattern on a grid, following detailed
instructions and using coloured squares.
Starter Ideas
Challenge Cards
Display Pack
Assessment Statements
By the end of this unit...
...all children should be able to:
• enlarge a simple shape by a given whole number scale factor;
• solve simple fraction problems either with fractions in the
problem or using fractions to solve the problem, where the
numerators of fractions are 1;
• write a ratio statement to compare two values;
• solve simple problems involving calculating ratio;
• solve simple problems involving calculating proportion;
• calculate 5%, 10% and multiples of 10% of quantities.
...most children will be able to:
• enlarge a simple shape by a given whole and fractional
number scale factor;
• calculate the length of missing sides after enlargement on
simple shapes;
• enlarge a cuboid to a given scale factor;
• solve fraction problems either with fractions in the problem or
using fractions to solve the problem, where there are several
steps required to answer the problem;
• solve two-step problems involving calculating ratio;
• solve two-step problems involving calculating proportion;
• write a ratio in its simplest form;
• recognise and write equivalent ratios;
• calculate any percentage of a numbers including money
up to 10 000;
• convert percentages to numbers in a pie chart.
...some children will be able to:
• calculate the length of missing sides after enlargement on
simple and composite shapes;
• calculate the surface area of an enlarged cuboid;
• solve fraction problems either with fractions in the problem or
using fractions to solve the problem, using a higher level of
reasoning to answer the problem;
• solve multi-step problems involving calculating ratio;
• solve multi-step problems involving calculating proportion;
• compare sets of data on two pie charts;
• calculate any percentage of a numbers including money
over 1 000 000.
Page 2
Lesson Progression
Solving Ratio Problems (1): Introducing Ratio
NC Statement: Solve problems
involving the relative sizes of two
quantities where missing values
can be found by using integer
multiplication and division facts.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Ratio language.
Introducing the ratio symbol.
Calculating ratio.
Solving Ratio Problems (3): Introducing Proportion
NC Statement: Solve problems
involving the relative sizes of two
quantities where missing values can be
found by using integer multiplication
and division facts.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Ratio language.
Ratio and fractions.
Solving Fraction Problems (1): Money
NC Statement: Solve problems
involving unequal sharing and
grouping using knowledge of fractions
and multiples.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Ratio and fractions.
Solving Fraction Problems (2): Measurement
NC Statement: Solve problems
involving unequal sharing and
grouping using knowledge of fractions
and multiples.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Ratio and fractions.
Solving Fraction Problems (3): A Mixed Bag of Fraction Problems
NC Statement: Solve problems
involving unequal sharing and
grouping using knowledge of fractions
and multiples.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Ratio and fractions.
Children are introduced to the term ‘ratio’ and how it is written.
The teacher shows real-life examples of groups of objects and
children identify the ratio of the items shown. Children are
shown how to use division to find a ratio in its simplest form,
and how to use division and multiplication to find equivalent
ratios. Independently, children identify the ratios of sets of
objects. Children are introduced to ratio language and the ratio
symbol. They calculate simple ratios.
Children are introduced to proportion, the language used to
express it (out of) and how this relates directly to fractions.
Pairs practise writing fractions (proportions) in their simplest
forms before children independently write fractions to show
proportions in a given diagram. Children are introduced to new
ratio language and link ratio and fractions.
Children are shown how to use a bar model to represent a
fraction (to show ratio) problem, involving splitting money.
They work out fractions of money to find the best deals in a
supermarket before working in pairs, again using bar models,
to find amounts of money using fraction knowledge. Children
explore the link between ratio and fractions in contextual
money problems.
Children are shown how to use a bar model to represent a
fraction (to show ratio) problem, involving splitting weight. Pairs
solve measurement problems involving scaling up; children
then individually solve two differentiated measurement fraction
problems. Children explore the link between ratio and fractions
in contextual measurement problems.
Pairs are presented with a multi-step fraction problem and
the bar model solution; they are asked to explain how the bar
model representation has been used at each step. Following
this, the pairs use ratio and fractions to work out two further
contextual problems and children independently complete a
series of multi-step problems. Children use ratio and fractions
to solve problems in context.
National Curriculum Statement Spring Term
Page 3
Solving Fraction Problems (4): Fractions Reasoning

NC Statement: Solve problems Children work through a series of reasoning-style problems

involving unequal sharing and
grouping using knowledge of fractions
and multiples.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Ratio and fractions.
around ratio and fractions. The teacher models an example
of each style of question in turn, with pairs completing and
recording their answer for another example of that question
style, checking answers and working out as they go. The lesson
includes a set of independent written tasks posing reasoning
questions presented in different ways. Children complete
reasoning questions about ratio and fractions.

Solving Ratio Problems (2): Solving Ratio Problems

NC Statement: Solve problems
involving the relative sizes of two
quantities where missing values can be
found by using integer multiplication
and division facts.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Calculating ratio.
Ratio and proportion problems.
Children recap identifying a ratio, and work through problems
involving ratio and scaling up before tackling more complex
problems, working out scaling-up problems when the ratio is
given. They are shown how to use a table to work these out in
pairs. They move on to try similar problems in a differentiated
written activity. Children calculate ratio and solve ratio and
proportion problems.

Scale Factor and Enlargement (1): Scale Factor

NC Statement: Solve problems
involving similar shapes where the
scale factor is known or can be found.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Using scale factors.
Calculating scale factors.
Children are introduced to scale factors and their real-life
applications. The teacher guides the children, first by example,
through questions requiring them to identify the scale factors
shown in simple shape enlargements on a grid. They work out
new measurements of shapes when the scale factor is provided
before working independently to draw new shapes and work
out scale factors. Children use and calculate scale factors.

Scale Factor and Enlargement (2): Scale Factor Problems

NC Statement: Solve problems
involving similar shapes where the
scale factor is known or can be found.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Using scale factors.
Calculating scale factors.
Pairs practise their previous learning on scale factors by working
out missing lengths of similar shapes when the scale factor is
given, including problems in context, increasing in complexity.
Independently, children complete written tasks presented in
the same way as the activities that they completed in pairs.
Children use and calculate scale factors.

Scale Factor and Enlargement (3): Scale Factor Problems (2)

NC Statement: Solve problems
involving similar shapes where the
scale factor is known or can be found.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Using scale factors.
Calculating scale factors.
The teacher talks the class through examples of enlarging
3D shapes made up of cubes, asking children to work out
the surface areas. They are talked through the calculations
needed to work out the new surface area of an enlarged cuboid
when given each side’s measurement. Children then apply their
learning independently, drawing 3D shapes on spotted paper
to work out new surface areas of cuboids when given a scale
factor. Children use and calculate scale factors.

National Curriculum Statement Spring Term

Page 4
Scale Factor and Enlargement (4): Scale Factor Reasoning

NC Statement: Solve problems Children work through a series of reasoning-style problems

involving similar shapes where the
scale factor is known or can be found.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Using scale factors.
Calculating scale factors.
around scale factors and shape enlargements. The teacher
models an example of each style of question in turn, with pairs
completing and recording their answer for another example
of that question style, checking answers and working out as
they go. The lesson includes a set of independent written
tasks posing reasoning questions presented in different ways.
Children use and calculate scale factors to complete reasoning
and problem-solving questions.

Solving Ratio Problems (4): Solving Proportion Problems

NC Statement: Solve problems
involving the relative sizes of two
quantities where missing values can be
found by using integer multiplication
and division facts.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Ratio and proportion problems.
Ratio and fractions.
Children recap their learning from previous lessons and pairs
discuss fractions shown by a grid. The class is guided through
a series of proportion problems, increasing in complexity,
before tackling similar problems in pairs, then independently
as a written task. Children solve ratio and proportion problems
and link ratio and fractions.

Solving Ratio Problems (5): Ratio Reasoning

NC Statement: Solve problems Children work through a series of reasoning-style problems

involving the relative sizes of two
quantities where missing values can be
found by using integer multiplication
and division facts.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Ratio and proportion problems.
around both ratio and proportion. The teacher models an
example of each style of question in turn, with pairs completing
and recording their answer for another example of that question
style, checking answers and working out as they go. The lesson
includes a set of independent written tasks posing reasoning
questions presented in different ways, for which children can
choose their own difficulty level. Children complete ratio and
proportion problems.

Solving Percentage Problems (1): Finding Percentages

NC Statement: Solve problems involving
the calculation of percentages and the
use of percentages for comparison.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Percentage of an amount.
Children review what is meant by ‘percent’ and the teacher
models finding 1% and 10% to reach any other given percentage
of an amount. The whole class practise finding percentages
with the teacher and complete independent, differentiated
questions. Children find a percentage of an amount.

Solving Percentage Problems (2): Problems with Percentages

NC Statement: Solve problems involving
the calculation of percentages and the
use of percentages for comparison.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Percentage of an amount.
Percentages – missing values.
The teacher models an example of a percentage problem
step-by-step, then children solve a similar problem with
a partner; this is repeated over a series of questions, the
teacher modelling the working out for each. Independently,
children solve contextual percentage problems. Children find a
percentage of an amount and missing values.

National Curriculum Statement Spring Term

Page 5
Solving Percentage Problems (3): Percentages and Pie Charts

NC Statement: Solve problems involving
the calculation of percentages and the
use of percentages for comparison.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Ratio and proportion problems.
Children are introduced to pie charts and how a percentage
can be represented by a number of degrees. The class is
guided through a selection of percentage problems using pie
chart representations. Independently, they answer questions
by interpreting pie charts. Children learn to solve pie chart
proportion problems.

Solving Percentage Problems (4): Percentages Reasoning

NC Statement: Solve problems involving
the calculation of percentages and the
use of percentages for comparison.
White Rose Maths Small Step:
Ratio and proportion problems.
Children work through a series of reasoning-style problems
around percentage proportions. The teacher models an
example of each style of question in turn, with pairs completing
and recording their answer for another example of that
question style, checking answers and working out as they go.
The lesson includes a set of independent written tasks posing
reasoning questions presented in different ways, for which
children can choose their own difficulty level. Children learn to
solve percentage proportion problems.

National Curriculum Statement Spring Term

Page 6