M.Sc.

PHYSICS SYLLABUS

P.G. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

UDAYANATH AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

ADASPUR, CUTTACK-754011
Mark and Credit Distributions
Semester Credit Marks
First 28 400
Second 28 400
Third 36 600
Fourth 28 400
Total 120 1800

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 P.G. Department of Physics
Choice Based Credit System

FIRST SEMESTER

Theory Credit Point Teaching Hours Marks

PHY101:Classical Mechanics 6 60-65 100
PHY102:Mathematical Methods 6 60-65 100
PHY103:Quantum Mechanics-I 6 60-65 100
Practical
PHY104:Computational Methods in Physics 10 150-180 100

SECOND SEMESTER

Theory Credit Point Teaching Hours Marks

PHY201:Quantum Mechanics-II 6 60-65 100
PHY202:Basic Electronics 6 60-65 100
PHY203:Basic Solid State Physics 6 60-65 100
Practical
PHY204:Modern Physics & Optics 10 150-180 100
THIRD SEMESTER

Theory Credit Point Teaching Hours Marks

PHY301:Advanced Quantum Mechanics 6 60-65 100
PHY302:Statistical Mechanics 6 60-65 100
PHY303:Special Paper 6 60-65 100
Advanced Condensed Matter Physics-I
Practical
PHY304:Electronics 10 150-180 100
Dissertation
PHY305:Project 8 200
A seminar on scientific paper in a peer reviewed
journal
 FOURTH SEMESTER

Theory Credit Point Teaching Hours Marks

PHY401:Basic Nuclear and Particle Physics 6 60-65 100
PHY402:Classical Electrodynamics 6 60-65 100
PHY403:Special Paper 6 60-65 100
Advanced Condensed Matter Physics-II
Practical
PHY404:Condensed Matter Physics 10 150-180 100

Value added courses (from session 2023-2024 )

Any one of the following
1. Astrophysics
2. Science and technology in Indian knowledge
system
 FIRST SEMESTER
PHY 101

Classical Mechanics Full Marks-100

Unit-I-34Marks
Mechanics of a System of Particles, Lagrangian Formulation, Velocity-Dependent Po-
tentials and Dissipation Function, Symmetry and Conservation Theorems; Homogeneity and
Isotropy of Space and Conservation of Linear and Angular Momentum, Homogeneity of
Time and Conservation of Energy.
HamiltonianFormulation:
Calculus of Variations, Hamilton’s Principle and Euler-Lagrange’s Equation, Exten-
sion of Hamilton’s Principle to Non-holonomic Systems, Legendre Transformation and
the Hamilton’s Equations of Motion, Physical Significance of Hamiltonian, Derivation of
Hamilton’s Equations of Motion from a Variational Principle, Routh’s Procedure, ∆-
Variation, Principle of Least Action.

Unit-II- 32 Marks
Canonical Transformations:
Canonical Transformation, Types of Generating Function, Conditions for Canonical
Transformation, Integral Invariance of Poincare, Poisson Bracket, Poisson’s Theorem,
Lagrange Bracket, Poisson and Lagrange Brackets as Canonical Invariants, Infinitesimal
Canonical Transformation and Conservation Theorems, Liouville’s Theorem.
Hamilton Jacobi Theory:
Hamilton-Jacobi Equation for Hamilton’s Principal Function, Harmonic Oscillator and
Kepler Problem by Hamilton-Jacobi Method, Action-Angle Variables for Completely
Separable System, Kepler Problem in Action-Angle Variables, Geometrical Optics and
Wave Mechanism.

Unit-III- 34 Marks
Small Oscillations:
Problem of Small Oscillations, Example of Two Coupled Oscillator, General Theory of
Small Oscillations, Normal Coordinates and Normal Modes of Vibration, Free Vibra-
tions of a Linear Triatomic Molecule.

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Rigid Body Motion:
The Independent Co-ordinates of a Rigid Body, Orthogonal Transformations, The
Euler’s Angles. The Cayley-Klein Parameters, Euler’s Theorems on the Motion of a Rigid
Body, Infinitesimal Rotations, Rate of Change of a Vector, The Coriolis Force.
Rigid Body Dynamics:
Angular Momentum and Kinetic Energy of Motion about a Point. The Inertia Tensor
and Moment of Inertia, Eigenvalues of Inertial Tensor and the Principal Axis Transfor-
mation. The Euler Equations of Motion, Torque-free Motion of a Rigid Body. The Heavy
Symmetrical Top with One Point Fixed. Elementary Idea about Nonlinearity and Chaos.

Text Books:
Classical Mechanics :H.Goldstein
Reference Books:
Mechanics :Landau and Liftshitz
Analytical Mechanics :L.Hand and J.Flinch
Classical Mechanics :Corben & Stehle
Classical Dynamics :Marion & Thornton
Classical Mechanics of Particles and Rigid Bodies :Kiran Gupta

PHY 102

Mathematical Methods of Physics Full Marks-100

Unit-I- 34Marks
Complex Variables:
Functions of Complex Variables, Cauchy’s Condition of Analyticity, Cauchy’s Ingetral
Theorem, Cauchy’s Integral Formula, Calculus of Residues, Cauchy’s Residue Theorem,
Evaluation of Definite Integrals.
TensorAnalysisandDifferentialGeometry:
CartesianTensorsinThree-Space,CurvesinThreeSpaceandFrenetFormula,General
TensorAnalysis,CovariantDerivativeandChristoffelSymbol(DerivationnotRequired).

Unit-II-34Marks
SpecialFunctions:
SolutionsofBessel,Laguerre,HypergeometricandConfluentHypergeometricEqua-

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tions by Generating Function Method and Their Properties.Green’s Function, Proper-
ties, Soutions of Partial Differential Equations (Laplace, Wave and Heat Equations in 2D
and 3D) by Green’s Function Method.

Unit-III-32Marks
Groups and Group Representations:
Definitions of Groups, Finite Groups, Examples from Solid State Physics, Sub-groups
and Classes, Group Representations, Characters, Infinite Groups and Lie Groups, Irre-
ducible Representation of SU(2), SU(3) and O(3).

TextBooks:
MathematicalMethodsofPhysics :J.Mathews&R.L.Walker
MathematicsforPhysicists :Dennery&Krzywicki
MathematicalMethodsofPhysics :ArfkenandWeber
GroupTheory :M.Hamermesh
MathematicsofClassicalandQuantumPhysics :F.W.ByronandR.Fuller
ReferenceBooks:
MethodsofTheoriticalPhysics :MorseandFeshbachVolI,VolII
PHY103

QuantumMechanics-I FullMarks-100
Unit-I-32Marks
GeneralPrinciplesofQ.M.:
Linear Vector Space Formulation :Linear Vector Space (LVS) and its Generality,
Vectors - Scalar Product, Metric Space, Basis Vectors, Linear Independence, Linear Su-
perposition of General Quantum States, Orthonormality of Basis Vector, Completeness,
Schmidt’s Orthonormalisation Procedure, Dual Space, Bra and Ket Vectors.
Operators - Linear, Adjoint, Hermitian, Unitary, Inverse, Antilinear Operators, Noncom-
mutativity and Uncertainty Relation, Complete Set of Compatible Operators.
Simultaneous Measurement, Projection Operator, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of Lin-
ear, Hermitian, Unitary Operators, Matrix Representation of Vectors and Operators,
Matrix Elements, Eigenvalue Equation and Expectation Values, Algebraic Result on
Eigenvalues,TransformationofBasisVectors,SimilarityTransformationofVectorand

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OperatorRepresentation,Diagonalization.
VectorsofLVSasWavefunctionsinCoordinate,MomentumandEnergyRepresentations.
QuantumDynamics:
Time Evolution of Quantum States, Time Evolution Operator and its Properties,
Schrodinger Picture, Heisenberg Picture, Interaction Picture, Equations of Motion, Sym-
metry Principles and Conservation Laws, Operator Method Solution of 1D Harmonic
Oscillator, Matrix Representation and Time Evolution of Creation and Annihilation Op-
erators, Density Matrix.

Unit-II-34Marks
Rotation and Orbital Angular Momentum:
RotationMatrix,AngularMomentumOperatorsastheGeneratorsofRotation,L̂ x ,
L̂ y ,L̂ z andL̂ 2 andtheirCommutatorRelations, RaisingandLoweringOperators(L̂ + and
L̂ − ),L̂ x ,L̂ y , L̂ z andL̂ 2 inSphericalPolarCoordinates,EigenvaluesandEigenfunctions
ofL̂ z ,L̂ 2 (OperatorMethod),SphericalHarmonics,MatrixRepresentationofL̂ + , L̂ − and L̂ 2 .
SpinAngularMomentum:
Spin 1/2 Particles, Pauli Spin Matrices and their Properties, Eigenvalues and Eigen-
functions, Spinor Transformation under Rotation.
AdditionofAngularMomentum:
Total Angular Momentum Jˆ, Eigenvalue Problem of Jˆzand Jˆ2, Angular Momentum
Matrices, Addition of Angular Momenta and C. G. Co-efficients, Angular Momentum
States for Composite Systems inthe Angular Momenta (1/2, 1/2) and(1, 1/2).
Unit-III-34Marks
Motion in Spherically Symmetric Field:
Hydrogen Atom, Reduction to Equivalent One Body Problem, Radial Equation,Energy
Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions, Degeneracy, Radial Probability Distribution, Atomic
Spectra of One and Many Electron Systems, Free Particle Problem, Incomingand
Outgoing Spherical Waves, Expansion of Plane Waves in terms of Spherical Waves,
Continuum and Bound States of a 3D Square Well, Particle in a Sphere.

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 TextBooks:
QuantumPhysics :S.Gasiorowicz
QuantumMechanics :L.I.Schiff
ModernQuantumMechanics :J.J.Sakurai
QuantumMechanics :E.Merzbacher
QuantumMechanics :A.Messiah, Vol I
AdvancedQuantumMechanics :P.Roman
QuantumMechanics :R.Shankar
QuantumMechanics :A.GhatakandS.Lokanathan
QuantumMechanics :S.N.Biswas
ReferenceBooks:
QuantumMechanics :A.Das
ElementaryTheoryofAngularMomentum :M.E.Rose
PrinciplesofQuantumMechanics :P.A.M.Dirac
Quantum Mechanics(Non-relativistic theory) :L. D.Landau andE. M.
LifshitzQuantum Mechanics :James Peebles

PHY104(PracticalPaper)

ComputationalMethodsinPhysics FullMarks-100
Preliminaries:

• Basic FORTRAN Statements like Comment, Read, Write, Format, Dimension, If-
Then, GoTo, Compilation, Stop, End, Sub-programme etc.

• Arithmetic expressions and operations: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Di-

vision; Logarithm and Exponential of a Number; Area of a Triangle; Volume of a
Sphere

• Complexnumbers:Addition,Subtraction,MultiplicationandDivision

• Trigonometricfunctions:Sine,CosineandTangentofanAngle

• LargestandSmallestofaGivenSetofNumbers;SolutionofQuadraticEquation

• Doloop,NestedDoloop:SumofanAPSeries,GPSeries,SineSeriesandCo-
sineSeries;ToGenerateandPrintFirstHundredPrimeNumbers;Factorialofa

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 Number;ToFindtheSumoftheDigitsofaNumber

• Matrix manipulation:Matrix Addition and Multiplication; Transpose of a

SquareMatrix

• Functionstatement

• DataFiles:Open,Close,Read,Write

NumericalMethods:

• SolutionofSystemofLinearEquations:

1. GaussElimination

2. Gauss–Seideliteration

3. Gauss-Jordanelimination

4. Matrixelimination

• EigenvaluesandEigenvectorsofMatrices

• LagrangeInterpolation

• RichardsonExtrapolation

• Integration:

1. TrapezoidalRule

2. Simpson1/3Rule

3. RombergMethod

• Differentiation

• SolutionofDifferentialEquation:

1. Runge-Kutta4thOrder

2. BoundaryValueProblem

3. HigherOrderDifferentialEquation

4. PartialDifferentialEquation

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 • SolutionofAlgebraicEquation

1. Newton-RaphsonMethod

2. BisectionMethod

• MeanandStandardDeviationofaDataSet

• CorrelationCoefficientDeterminationforaDataSet

• DataFitting:

1. StraightLineFit

2. PolynomialFit

Books:
Fortran77andNumericalMethods :C.Xavier
Programming and Computing with FORTRAN 77/90 :P. S. Grover
(Allied Publishers 1992)
Computer Oriented Numerical Methods :R. S. Salaria
Fundamentals of Computers (Prentice Hall, India) :V. Rajaraman
FORTRAN77(JaicoBook,1989) :R.N.Reddy&C.A.Ziegler
MathematicaBook :Wolfram
NumericalAnalysis :JohnsonandRees
NumericalRecipes :TeukolskyandPress

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 SECONDSEMESTER
PHY201

QuantumMechanics-IIFullMarks-100
Unit-I-34 Marks
ApproximationMethodsforStationaryStates:
Rayleigh Schrodinger Method for Time-Independent Perturbation Theory, First and
Second Order Correction, Perturbed Harmonic Oscillator, Anharmonic Oscillator, The
Stark Effect, Quadratic Stark Effect and Polarizability of Hydrogen Atom, Degenerate
PerturbationTheory,RemovalofDegeneracy,Parity SelectionRule,LinearStarkEf- fect of
Hydrogen Atom, Spin-Orbit Coupling, Relativistic Correction, Fine Structure of Hydrogen
like Atom, Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect, The Strong-Field Zeeman Effect, The
Weak-Field Zeeman Effect and Lande’s g-factor, Hyperfine Splitting.
VariationalMethods:
GroundStateofOne-DimensionalHarmonicOscillatorandHe-Atom,HydrogenMolec- ular
Ion, Rotational and Vibrational Spectra of Diatomic Molecules, Franck-Condon Prin-
ciple,RamanEffect,NMR,ESR.

Unit-II-34Marks
WKB Approximation Method:
General Formalism, Validity of WKB Approximation Method, Correction Formulas,
Application to Bound States, Bohr Somerfield Quantization Rule, Application to Har-
monicOscillator,TunnelingthroughaPotentialBarrier,ColdEmission,AlphaDecay and
Geiger-Nuttal Relation.
TimeDependentPerturbation Theory:
TransitionProbability,ConstantandHarmonicPerturbation,Fermi’sGoldenRule,
ElectricDipoleRadiationandSelectionRules.SpontaneousEmission,Einstein’sA,B- Co-
efficients, Basic Principle of LASER and MASER.

Unit-III-32Marks
ScatteringTheory:
High Energy Scattering :Scattering Amplitude and Cross Section, Born Approxima-
tion,ApplicationtoCoulombandScreenedCoulombPotential.LowEnergyScattering:

10
Partial Wave Analysis for Elastic and Inelastic Scattering, Effective Range and Scatter-ing
Length, Optical Theorem, Black Disc Scattering, Hard Sphere Scattering, Resonance
Scattering from a Square Well Potential.

TextBooks:
QuantumPhysics :S.Gasiorowicz
QuantumMechanics :N.Zettili
QuantumMechanics :R.Shankar
QuantumMechanics :A.K.GhatakandS.Lokanathan
QuantumMechanics :A.Das
ReferenceBooks:
QuantumMechanics :E.Merzbacher
QuantumMechanics :S.N.Biswas
QuantumMechanics :L.I.Schiff
QuantumMechanics :A.Messiah, Vol I
PrinciplesofQuantumMechanics :P.A.M.Dirac
Quantum Mechanics (Non-relativistic theory) :Landau and Lifshitz
Modern Quantum Mechanics :J. J. Sakurai
Advanced Quantum Mechanics :P. Roman
ElementaryTheoryofAngularMomentum :M.E.Rose

PHY202

BasicElectronics FullMarks-100
Unit-I-34Marks
Review of Semiconductors and Devices:
Amplifiers:
Frequency Response of Linear Amplifier Pass Band, R. C. Frequency Response, Gain
Band-width Product, Feedback Amplifiers, Effect of Negative Feedback, Bootstrapping
theFET,MultistageFeedback,StabilityinAmplifiers,NoiseinAmplifiers.
OperationalAmplifiers:
The Differential Amplifiers, Rejection of Common Mode Signals.The Operational
Amplifier, Input and Output Impedances, Application of Operational Amplifiers, Unit
GainBuffer,Summing,IntegratingandDifferentiatingAmplifiers,ComparatorsandLog-

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arithmicAmplifiers.

Unit-II-34Marks
OscillatorCircuits:
FeedbackCriteriaforOscillation,PhaseShift,WeinBridgeOscillator,CrystalCon-
trolledOscillator,ReflexKlystronOscillator,PrincipleofMultivibrator.
DigitalCircuits:
Logic Fundamentals, Boolean Theorem, Logic Gates - RTL, DTL and TTL Gates for
NAND or NOR Circuits, CMOS Switches, RS Flip-flop, JK Flip-flops.

Unit-III-32Marks
RadioCommunication:
Ionosphere Propagation, Antennas of Different Types, Dipole and Hertzian Dipole
Antenna, Superheterodyne Receiver (Block Diagram).Various Types of Optical Fibers
and Optical Communications.
TestAndMeasuringInstruments:
WorkingPrincipleofCRO,MultimeterandSignalGenerators.

TextBooks:
ElectronicsFundamentalsandApplication :J.D.Ryder
IntegratedDigitalElectronics :MillmanandHalkias
FoundationofElectronics :Chattopadhyay,Rakshit,
:Saha and Purkait
Electronics and Solid State Physics :Puri & Babbar

PHY203

BasicSolidStatePhysics FullMarks-100
Unit-I-32Marks
CrystalSymmetry:
PointGroupsandSpaceGroups.
PhononsandLatticeVibration:
VibrationsofMonoatomicandDiatomicLattice,DispersionRelation,OpticandAcousticM
odes,QuantumofLatticeVibrationandPhonon,PhononMomentum,In-

12
elasticScatteringofNeutronsandPhotonsbyPhonons.
ThermalPropertiesofInsulators:
LatticeHeatCapacity,Debye&EinsteinModel,AnharmonicCrystalInteractions, Thermal
Conductivity and Thermal Expansion.

Unit-II-34Marks
FreeElectronFermiGas:
Density of States in One Dimension, Effect of Temperature of Fermi-Dirac Distribu-
tion, Free Electron Gas in Three Dimensions, Heat Capacity of Electron Gas, Electrical
and Thermal Conductivity of Metals.
BandTheory:
Electrons in Periodic Potential, Bloch’s Theorem, Cronig Penny Model, Origin ofBand
Gap, Effective Mass of Electron.

Unit-III-34Marks
Semiconductors:
IntrinsicandImpuritySemiconductors,BandGap,Intrinsic&ExtrinsicCarrierCon-
centration, Law of Mass Action, Mobility in the Intrinsic Region, p-n Junction.
Superconductivity:
Experimental Survey, Meissner Effect, London Equation, Type-I and Type-II Su-
perconductors, Thermodynamics of Superconductors, Energy Gap in Superconductors,
Isotope Effect,Basic Concepts of Electron-Phonon Interaction and Cooper Pairing
inBCSTheory,LandauTheoryofDiamagnetismandPauliTheoryofParamagnetism.

13
 TextBooks:
IntroductiontoSolidStatePhysics :C.Kittel
SolidStatePhysics :AshcroftandMermin
Principles of Condensed Matter Physics :P. M. Chaikin and T. C.
LubenskyQuantum Theory of Solids :C. Kittel
ReferenceBooks:
Solid State Physics :A. J. Dekker
Quantum Theory of Solid State :J. Callaway
SolidStatePhysics :O.E.Animaler
TheoryofSolids :Ziman

PHY204(PracticalPaper)

ModernPhysicsandOptics FullMarks-100

• MichelsonInterferometer:

1. WavelengthofSodiumLight

• RydbergConstantApparattus:

1. ToEstimatetheValueofRydbergConstantbyFindingtheSeriesLimitof Hydrogen

• Babinet’sCompensator:

1. BirefringenceofMicaSheet

• LaserKit:

1. WavelengthofLaser

2. SpotSizeofLaser

3. DivergenceoftheLaserBeam

4. IntensityDistributionCurve

5. ParticleSizeofLycopodiumPowder

• Photocell:

14
 1. Planck’s Constant

2. CharacteristicsofPhotocell

• Millikan’sOilDropExperiment:

1. ChargeoftheElectron

• G.M.Counter:

1. PlateauRegionDetermination

2. AbsorptionCoefficientofGivenFoils

3. NuclearCountingStatistics

4. InverseSquareLawVerification

5. ShortHalfLifeDetermination

• HelmholtzCoil:

1. DeterminationofHorizontalComponentofEarth’sMagneticField

• Thomson’sApparatus:

1. Measurementofe/mofElectron

• OpticalFibre:

1. DeterminationofNumericalAperatureoftheFibre

• ZeemanEffectApparatus:

1. DeterminationofBohrMagneton

15
 THIRDSEMESTER
PHY301

AdvancedQuantumMechanicsFullMarks-100
Unit-I-34Marks
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics:
Klein-Gordon Equation and its Drawbacks, Dirac Equation, Dirac Gamma Matrices
and their Properties, Dirac Equation using Gamma Matrices, Non-relativistic Reduction
of Dirac Equation, Magnetic Moment Term and g-Value of Electron, Darwin and Spin-
Orbit Coupling Term, Free Particle Solutions of Dirac Equation for Zero and Nonzero
Momentum and their Physical Interpretation, Energy and Spin Projection Operators.

Unit-II-34Marks
Lorentz Transformations and Lorentz Group, Poincare Transformations and Poincare
Group, Representations of Lorentz and Poincare Group, Lorentz Covariance of Dirac
Equation, Space Reflection, Charge Conjugation and Time Reversal Symmetries, Bilin-
earCovariants,GordonDecompositionandg-ValueofElectron,TransitionfromDiscrete to
Continuous Systems, Fields, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formulations of Continuous
Systems, Noether’s Theorem; Symmetry and Conseravation Rules.

Unit-III-32Marks
QuantizationofFreeFields:
Second Quantization, Covariant Quantisation of Real and Complex Scalar Fields;
DerivationofHamiltonian, MomentumfortheSystems, NormalOrdering, FockSpaceof
Number States, Charge of the Particles, Unequal-Time Commutators of Fields, Feynman
Propagators Quantization of Dirac Fields:Basic Anticommutators of Creation and An-
nihilation Operators, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Derivation of Hamiltonian, Momentum
and Angular Momentum of the System.Spin of Dirac Particles, Majorana Represen-
tation, Unequal-Time Anticommutators of the Fields and Feynman Propagators, Local
U(1) Gauge Invariance of Dirac Lagrangian Density and Electromagnetic Interaction,
Normal Ordering, Covariant Quantization of Electromagnetic Field, Lagrangian Density,
Gauge Condition, Gupta-Bleuler Prescription, Photon Propagators.

16
 TextBooks:
AdvancedQuantumMechanics:J.J.Sakurai
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: J. D. Bjorken and S. D. Drell
Relativistic Quantum Fields : J. D. Bjorken and S. D. Drell
Quantum Field Theory :F. Mandl and G. Shaw
ReferenceBooks:
QuantumFieldTheory :C.ItzyksonandJ.Zuber
Quantum Field Theory :M. E. Peskin and D. V. Schroeder
Quantum Field Theory :L. H. Ryder
QuantumFieldTheory :S.Weinberg

PHY302

StatisticalPhysics FullMarks-100
Unit-I-32Marks
Classical Statistical Mechanics:
Postulate of Classical Statistical Mechanics, Liouville’s Theorem, Micro Canonical
Ensemble, Derivation of Thermodynamics, Equipartition Theorem, Classical Ideal Gas,
Gibb’s Paradox.
Canonical Ensemble and Energy Fluctuation, Grand Fluctuation, Grand Canonical
Ensemble and Density Fluctuation, Equivalence of Canonical and Grand Canonical En-
semble.

Unit-II-34Marks
Quantum Statistical Mechanics:
The Density Matrix, Ensembles in Quantum Statistical Mechanics; Ideal Gas in Mi-
cro Canonical and Grand Canonical Ensembles; Equation of State for Ideal Fermi Gas,
Theory of White Dwarf Stars,Ideal Bose Gas,Photons and Planck’s Law,Phonons, Bose-
Einstein Condensation.

Unit-III-34Marks
PhaseTransition:
Thermodynamic Description of Phase Transitions,Phase Transitions of Second Kind,

17
Discontinuity of Specific Heat, Change in Symmetry in a Phase Transition of SecondKind,
Order Parameter, Landau Theory of Phase Transition, Ising Model: Definition of Ising
Model, 1D Ising Model, Qualitative Ideas on Critical Pheneomena, Critical Indices and
Scaling Hypothesis.

TextBooks:
StatisticalMechanics :K.Huang
StatisticalMechanics :R.K.Pathria
ReferenceBooks:
ElementaryStatisticalPhysics :C.Kittel
StatisticalMechanics :F.Mohling
Statistical Mechanics :Landau and Lifsitz
Physics Transitions & Critical Pheneomena :H. E. Stanly
ThermalPhysics :C.Kittel
FundamentalsofStatistical&ThermalPhysics :F.Reif

PHY303
SpecialPaper

AdvancedCondensedMatterPhysics-I FullMarks-100
Unit-I-32Marks
LatticeVibrations:
Born-Oppenheimer Approximation, Hamiltonian for Lattice Vibrations in the Har-
monic Approximation, Normal Modes of the System and Quantization of Lattice Vibra-
tions - Phonons.
EnergyBands:
Wave Equation for an Electron in a Periodic Potential, Bloch Functions, Brillouin
Zones, ϵ−kDiagram under Free Electron Approximation, Nearly Free Electron Approxi-
mation - Diffraction of Electrons by Lattice Planes and Opening of Gap in ϵ−kDiagram,
EffectiveMassofElectronsinCrystals,Holes,TightBindingApproximation.

Unit-II-34Marks
FermiSurface:
ConstructionofFermiSurface,ExperimentalMethodsofStudyofFermiSurface, Cy-

18
clotronResonance,deHassvanAlphenEffect.
ElectronInteraction:
Perturbation Formulation, Dielectric Function of an Interacting Electron Gas (Lind-
hard’s Expression), Static Screening, Screened Impurity, Kohn Effect, Friedel Oscillations
and Sum Rule, Dielectric Constant of Semiconductor, Plasma Oscillations.

Unit-III-34Marks
TransportProperties:
The Boltzmann Equation, Electrical Conductivity, General Transport
Coefficients,ThermalConductivity,ThermoelectricEffect,HallEffect,ElementaryIdeasonQuan-
tum Hall Effect, Magnetoresistance, Elementary Ideas of Giant Magneto-Resistance and
Colossal Magneto-Resistance.

TextBooks:
Principles of the Theory of Solids :J. M. Ziman
Introduction to Solid State Physics :C. Kittel
AdvancedSolidStatePhysics :PhilipPhillips
ReferenceBooks:
Introduction to Modern Solid State Physics :Yuri M. Galperin
SolidStatePhysics :Aschroft,Mermin
IntroductiontoSolids :Azaroff
ElementarySolidStatePhysics :M.A.Omar
Principles of Condensed Matter Physics :Chaikin and Lubensky
Solid State Physics, Essential Concepts :David W. Snoke

PHY304(PracticalPaper)

Electronics FullMarks-100

• TransistorCharacteristics:

1. Germanium:PNP,NPN:CE,CB,CC

2. Silicon:PNP,NPN:CE,CB,CC

• LCRCircuit:

19
 1. QualityFactor

2. ResonanceCurve

• JunctionDiodeRectifierandFilterCharacteristics:

1. HalfWaveRippleFactor

2. FullWaveCenterTapRippleFactor

3. FullWaveBridgeRippleFactor

4. VoltageDoublerRippleFactor

5. CapacitorFilter

6. CapacitorFilterwithCapacitorValueDoubled

7. InductorFilter

8. CapacitorInputL-sectionFilter

9. CapacitorInputΠ-sectionFilter

• HartleyandColpittOscillator:

1. OperationoftheHartleyOscillator

2. OperationoftheColpittOscillator

• BipolarJunctionTransistorAmplifier:

1. OperationofSingle-stageandMulti-stageRC-CoupledAmplifier

2. ToCalculateAV,AI,RoandRiofCERC-CoupledAmplifier

3. FrequencyResponseofRC-CoupledAmplifier

4. EffectofLoadResistanceandSourceResistanceonOperationofan Amplifier

5. ToCalculateCurrentGainandInputImpedanceofDarlingtonPairandβof a
Transistor

6. ToCalculatetheVoltageGainofDarlingtonPairUsingVoltageDividerBi- asing

• ApplicationsofOperationalAmplifier(OP-AMP):

1. InvertingAmplifier

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 2. Non-invertingAmplifier

3. Buffer

4. Comparator

5. Adder

6. Subtractor

7. SquareWaveGenerator

8. DifferentiatorandVerifyitsWorkingasHighPassFilter

9. IntegratorandVerifyitsWorkingasLowPassFilter

10. LogarithmicAmplifier

11. CurrentControlledVoltageSource(CCVS)

12. VoltageControlledCurrentSource(VCCS)

• ModulationandDemodulation:

1. ToUnderstandtheSynchronizationandControlSignalsonST2152Techbook

2. Study the Switching Delay and its Control on ST2152 Techbook with Poten-
tiometer

3. Study the Importance of Frame Synchronization Signal in Receiving the Cor-

rect Output at Correct Output Channel

4. Study of Extraction of Synchronization Pulses from the TDM Samples in Op-

erating Mode 3

5. StudytheWorkingofthePhaseLockLoop

6. StudyofCompleteTDM-PAMSystemandtheOverallEffectoftheIndividual
Parameter/ModeontheCommunicationSystem

7. StudytheWorkingofaTDM-PAMTransmitterandReceiverat3Channel
Communication Mode i.e.Mode 1

8. To Observe the Working of a TDM-PAM Transmitter and Receiver at 2

LinkCommunication Mode i.e.Mode 2

9. To Observe the Working of a TDM-PAM Transmitter and Receiver at 1 Chan-

nel Communication Mode i.e.Mode 3

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 • Flip-Flops:

1. StudyofR-SFlip-Flop

2. StudyofJ-KFlip-Flop

3. StudyofDFlip-Flop

4. StudyofTFlip-Flop

• UniversalGates:

1. ToDesignNOTGateusingNANDGate

2. ToDesignANDGateusingNANDGate

3. ToDesignORGateusingNANDGate

4. ToDesignNOTGateusingNORGate

5. ToDesignANDGateusingNORGate

6. ToDesignORGateusingNORGate

• FabricationofAstableMultivibrator:

1. ToAssembleanAstableMultivibratorbyusingTwoNPNTransistorsand Study its

Time Period

PHY305

DissertationProject FullMarks-200
TopicsInclude:
General Theory of Relativity, Cosmology, Astroparticle Physics, High Energy Physics,
Nano Science and Nano Technology, Materials Science, Nuclear Matter, Black Hole
Physics,AcceleratorsPhysics,DataAnalysisandComputationalSimulation.

Dissertation :100 Marks,

Presentation and Viva :100Marks

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 FOURTHSEMESTER
PHY401

BasicNuclearandParticlePhysics FullMarks-100
Unit-I-32Marks
TwoNucleonProblem:
Central and Noncentral Forces, Deuteron and its Magnetic Moment and Quadrupole
Moment; ForceDependentonIsospin, ExchangeForce, ChargeIndependenceandCharge
Symmetry of Nuclear Force, Mirror Nuclei.
NuclearModels:
Gas Model, Liquid Drop Model, Bethe - Weisazcker Semi-Emperical Mass Formula,
Fission, Magic Numbers, Shell Model, Shell Model Predictions for Angular Momentum,
MagneticMoments, ElectricQuadrupoleMomentsofNuclei, ExistenceofExcitedStates of
Nuclei and Iomeric Nuclei.

Unit-II-34Marks
NuclearReaction:
Energetics of Nuclear Reaction, Compound Nucleus Theory, Resonance Scattering,
Breit - Wigner Formula, Alpha Decay, Fermi’s Theory of Beta Decay, Selection Rule for
Allowed Transition, Parity Violation.
NuclearStructure:
FormFactorandChargeDistributionoftheNucleus,HofstaderFormFactor.

Unit-III-34Marks
ParticlePhysics:
The Standard Model of Particle Physics, Particle Classification, Fermions and Bosons,
Lepton Flavors, Quark Flavors, Electromagnetic, Weak and Strong Processes, Spin and
Parity Determination of Pions, Isospin, Strangeness, Hypercharge, and Baryon Number,
Lepton Number, Gellmann - Nishijima Scheme, Quarks in Hadrons: Meson and Baryon
Octet, Elementary Ideas of SU(3) Symmetry, Charmonium, Charmed Mesons and B
Mesons, Quark Spin and Colour.

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 TextBooks:
IntroductiontoNuclearTheory :L.R.B.Elton
NuclearPhysics :B.B.RoyandB.P.Nigam
NuclearPhysics :K.S.Krane
Subatomic Physics : FrauenfelderandHenley
Concepts of Particle Physics : GottfriedandWeisskopf
Elementary Particle Physics :D. J. Griffiths
Introduction to Nuclear Physics :P. E. Hodgson & E. Gadioh
Structure Of The Nucleus :Preston & Bhaduri
Introduction to High Energy Physics :D. H. Perkins
Leptons and Quarks :L. B. Okun
QuarksandLeptons :F.Halzen&A.D.Martin
ReferenceBooks:
Theoritical Nuclear Physics :Blatt and Weisskopf
Introductory Nuclear Physics :S. S. Mulong
ParticlePhysics :R.Omnes

PHY402

ClassicalElectrodynamics FullMarks-100
Unit-I-32Marks
Maxwell’sEquations:
Maxwell’s Equations in Free Space; Derivation, Magnetic Charge, Maxwell’s Equa-
tions Inside Matter, Displacement Current, Vector and Scalar Potentials, Wave Equation
for Potentials, Lorentz and Coulomb Gauge Conditions, Wave Equation for Electric and
Magnetic Fields in Absence of Sources.
CovariantFormulationofMaxwell’sEquations:
LorentzTransformation,Scalars,VectorsandTensors,Maxwell’sEquationsandEqua-
tions of Continuity in terms ofAµandJµ, Electromagnetic Field Tensor and its Dual,
Covariant form of Maxwell’s Equations, Lagrangian for a Charged Particle in Presence of
ExternalElectromagneticFieldandMaxwell’sEquationasEuler-LagrangeEquations.

Unit-II-34Marks

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PlaneWavesinNon-ConductingMedia
Plane Waves in Non - Conducting Media, Velocity of Wave Propagation and Energy
Flow, Linear, Circular and Elliptic Polarisation, Reflection and Refraction of Electro-
magneticWavesataPlaneInterfacebetweenDielectrics,NormalandObliqueIncidence,
Total Internal Reflection and Polarisation by Reflection, Waves in Dispersive Media,
Kramer - Kronig Relation.
PlaneWavesinConductionMedia:
Plane Waves in Conduction Media, Reflection and Transmission at a Conducting
Surface, Cylinderical Cavities and Wave Guides, Modes in Rectangular Wave Guide and
Resonant Cavities.
Diffraction:
Kirchoff’sFormulationofDiffractionbyaCircularAperature.

Unit-III-34Marks
Green’sFunctionSolutionforRetardedPotential:
Green’s Function Solution of Potential Form of Maxwell’s Equations, Retarded and
Advanced Green’s Functions.
MultipoleRadiation:
Potential,FieldsandRadiationduetoanOscillatingElectricDipole,Radiationdue to a
Centre - fed Linear Antenna, Angular Distribution of Power Radiated, Rayleigh
Scattering, Magnetic Dipole.
RadiationbyPointCharge:
Lienard-WeichertPotential,FieldduetoaPointCharge,AngularDistributionof Radiation
and Total Power Radiated by an Accelerated Charge, Larmor’s Formula, Thomson’s
Scattering.

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 TextBooks:
ClassicalElectrodynamics :J.D.Jackson
ClassicalTheoryof Fields :Landau&Lifsitz
IntroductiontoElectrodynamics :D.J.Griffiths
PrinciplesofOptics :M.BornandE.Wolf
ElectricityandMagnetism :BerkeleyPhysicsCourse,Vol2,
:E.M.Purcell
Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory :Reitz, Milford & Christy
Electromagnetism:Principles and Applications :Lorrain & Corson

PHY403
SpecialPaper

AdvancedCondensedMatterPhysics-II FullMarks-100
Unit-I-32Marks
Magnetism:
TheoriesofFerromagnetism,WeissandHeisenbergModel-ConditionsforFerro-and
Antiferro- Magnetic Order, Spin Waves and Magnons, Bloch’sT3/2 Law, Antiferromag-
netic Order, Neel Temperature.
DilutedMagneticSemiconductors:
ElementaryConcepts.
Ferroelectricity:
Ferroelectric Crystals, Classification of Ferroelectric Crystals, Polarization Catastro-
phe, Soft Optical Phonons, Landau Theory of Phase Transition - Second and First Order
Transition.
Multiferroics:
ElementaryConcept.

Unit-II-34Marks
Electronic and Lattice Defects:
Lattice Defects, Frenkel and Schottky Defects, Line Defects, Edge and Screw Disloca-
tions-Burger’sVector,Plannar(Stacking)Faults-TwinPlanesandGrainBoundaries,
ColorCenters-MechanismofColorationofaSolid,F-center,OtherColorCenters.

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Excitons:
LooselyBound,TightlyBound,ExcitonicWaves,Electron-HoleDroplets.
Solids:
Amorphous Materials, Quasi - Crystals, Nanostructured Materials - Classification
based on Spatial Extension (0-D, 1-D and 2-D), 0-D Nanostructures - Quantum Dots,
Widening of Band Gap in Quantum Dots, 1-D Nanostructures - Quantum Wires, Tubes,
Belts, 2-D Nanostructures - Quantum Wells - Superlattices.

Unit-III-34Marks
Superconductivity:
Electron-PhononInteraction,SecondQuantizationformofHamiltonianforElec- trons
and Phonons in Interaction, Electron - Electron Interaction due to Virtual Phonon
Exchange,CooperPairsandBCSHamiltonian,SuperconductingGroundStateandthe Gap
Equation at T = 0 K.
JosephsonEffect:
Macroscopic Quantum Mechanical Effect, DC Josephson Effect, Effect of Electric
Field-AC/InverseACJosephsonEffect,EffectofMagneticField,SQUID.
HighTcSuperconductors:
ElementaryIdeas.

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 TextBooks:
IntroductiontoSolidStatePhysics :C.Kittel
QuantumTheoryofSolids :C.Kittel
TextBookofNanoscienceandNanotechnology :B.S.Murty,P.Shankar,
:B.Raj,B.B.RathandJ.Murday
ReferenceBooks:
Introduction to Modern Solid State Physics :Yuri M. Galperin
Introduction to Solids :Azaroff
ElementarySolidStatePhysics :Omar
SolidStatePhysics :Aschroft&Mermin
Science of Engineering Materials and :C. M. Srivastava & C. Srinivasan
Carbon Nanotubes
SolidStatePhysics :A.J.Dekkar
SolidStatePhysics :R.L.Singhal
Low Dimensional Semiconductor Structures :K. Bamam and D. Vvedensky
Semiconductor Quantum Dots :L. Banyal and S. W. Koch
An Introduction to the Physics of :J. H. Davies
Low Dimensional Semiconductors
IntroductiontoSuperconductors :Ketterson
The Physics of Quasicrystals :Eds.Steinhardt and Ostulond
Principles of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology :Ed.H. S. Nalwa
(Vol.1-4)
SolidStatePhysics :S.O.Pillai
IntroductiontoSolidStatePhysics :ArunKumar
SolidStatePhysics :Wahab
Solid State Physics and Electronics :R. K. Puri, V. K.
BabbarSolid State Physics :H. E. Hall
FundamentalsofSolidStatePhysics :Saxena,Gupta,Saxena

PHY404(PracticalPaper)

SolidStatePhysics FullMarks-100

• HallEffectExperiment:

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 1. HallCoefficient

2. CarrierDensity

3. CarrierMobility

• Gouy’sMethod:

1. MeasurementofSusceptibility

• DigitalGaussmeter:

1. MagneticFieldMeasurement

• ElectronSpinResonanceSpectrometer:

1. DeterminationofSpinGyromagneticRatio(g)

• CurieTemperatureKit:

1. DeterminationoftheEnergyLossintheFerriteatRoomTemperature

2. DeterminationofCurieTemperature

• CompositePiezo-ElectricOscillator:

1. DeterminationofYoung’sModulus

• LatticeDynamicsKitwithFrequencyMeter:

1. StudyoftheDispersionRelationfortheMono-atomicLattice-Comparison with
Theory

2. DeterminationoftheCut-offFrequencyoftheMono-atomicLattice

3. StudyoftheDispersionRelationfortheDi-atomicLattice–‘AcousticalMode’
and‘OpticalMode’EnergyGap-ComparisonwithTheory

• ForbiddenEnergyGap Kit:

1. ForbiddenEnergyBandGap

• UltrasonicInterferometerforSolids:

1. UltrasonicVelocityinSolids

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 2. TemperatureVariationofUltrasonicVelocity

• UltrasonicInterferometerforLiquids:

1. UltrasonicVelocityinLiquids

• FourProbeMethod:

1. Resistivityofsemiconductoratdifferenttemperaturesanddeterminationof the band

gap

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