WS / HW / / RS / 869: 2023 – 2024: TERM: I/II

Name_________________________ Class: 8 DIV: A B C D E F Roll No.: ____ Date: ___________

Subject: History & Civics Topic: Chapter 3 (Answer Key) Teacher’s Name: Ms. Tanvi B
Note: This sheet can be assessed. Marks / Grade: ___

E. Answer the following questions in one or two words/sentences:

1. Boston Tea Party.

It was a protest against the new taxes, including a tax on tea, imposed on the colonies.
2. Voltaire, Locke and Rousseau.
3. It is celebrated as American Independence Day.
4. The framers of the Indian Constitution adopted various features like the federal form of
government, the incorporation of Fundamental Rights like the American Bill of Rights and the
system of checks and balances.

F. Answer the following questions briefly:

1. c.
 Since the colonists had no representatives in the Parliament, they refused to pay taxes to
the British parliament in London.
 In 1773, group of colonists disguised as native Americans, raided British ships in Boston
harbour and threw 340 crates in the sea.
 It was a protest against the new taxes including a tax on tea, imposed on the colonies.
 This was an act of open defiance of the colonists against the British.
3. a.
 The 1st estate consisted of the clergy.
 The 2nd estate consisted of the nobles and their families.

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  The 3rd estate was composed of 95% of the population. It included the peasants,
artisans, workers and the middle class.
 The 1st and the 2nd estates enjoyed numerous privileges and owned practically all the
land in France but did not have to pay any taxes. They were very wealthy and led
comfortable and luxurious lives.
 The 3rd estate shouldered the entire burden of taxation but was not entitled to any
privileges enjoyed by the clergy and the nobles. Taxes were imposed oon everything
including basic necessities like salt.
b.
 The French merchants, traders, manufacturers, lawyers, doctors, teachers and other
professionals acquired great wealth and became economically powerful.
 However, they were denied social equality and political rights.
 This caused great resentment among them.
c.
 The administration was corrupt and inefficient.
 The officials were selfish and unconcerned about the welfare of the people.
 King Louis XVI was pleasure-loving and extravagant.
 He was completely ignorant of and indifferent to the sufferings of the common people
and was greatly influenced by his beautiful and ambitious wife, Maria Antoinette.
 They wasted money on festivities and pleasures and emptied the royal treasury.
4. a.
 The Third Estate met at a tennis court and took an oath not to separate until a new
constitution was drawn up for France.
 This is known as the Tennis Court Oath.
b.
 On 14th July 1789, a great mob attacked Bastille, the state prison for political
prisoners and a much-hated symbol of the Ancien Regime.

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  The prisoners were freed and they joined the revolutionaries.
 It symbolized the victory of the people of France and the fall of monarchy.
c. It established the following principles:
 All men are born free and have equal rights. Everyone is equal in the eyes of the
law.
 Every citizen is entitled to freedom of speech and expression, religion and a fair
trial.
 Liberty, Equality and Fraternity – the battle cry of the revolution – became the
guiding principles of the French republic.
 The revolution of 1789 marked the end of absolute monarchy and paved the way for
the establishment of a republic.
 It laid the foundation of a democratic government.
 Feudalism and serfdom were abolished, and the power of the church was brought
under the control of the government.
 Happiness for all was proclaimed as the ultimate goal of the government.

G. Picture Study:
1. Storming of Bastille Prison
2. 14th July, 1789
3. France
4. Same as 4b

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