6_3_Tests_for_Parallelograms

6-3 Tests for Parallelograms
Determine whether each quadrilateral is a 3. KITES Charmaine is building the kite shown below.
parallelogram. Justify your answer. She wants to be sure that the string around her frame
forms a parallelogram before she secures the
material to it. How can she use the measures of the
wooden portion of the frame to prove that the string
forms a parallelogram? Explain your reasoning.
1.
SOLUTION:
From the figure, all 4 angles are congruent. Since
each pair of opposite angles are congruent, the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram by Theorem 6.10.
ANSWER:
Yes; each pair of opposite angles are congruent.
SOLUTION:
Charmaine can use Theorem 6.11 to determine if the
string forms a parallelogram. If the diagonals of a
2. quadrilateral bisect each other, then the quadrilateral
is a parallelogram, so if AP = CP and BP = DP, then
SOLUTION: the string forms a parallelogram.
We cannot get any information on the angles, so we
cannot meet the conditions of Theorem 6.10. We ANSWER:
cannot get any information on the sides, so we cannot AP = CP, BP = DP; Sample answer: If the diagonals
meet the conditions of Theorems 6.9 or 6.12. One of of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then the
the diagonals is bisected, but the other diagonal is not quadrilateral is a parallelogram, so if AP = CP and
because it is split into unequal sides. So, the BP = DP, then the string forms a parallelogram.
conditions of Theorem 6.11 are not met. Therefore,
the figure is not a parallelogram.
ANSWER:
No; none of the tests for are fulfilled.
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ALGEBRA Find x and y so that the quadrilateral with the given vertices. Determine
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. whether the figure is a parallelogram. Justify
your answer with the method indicated.
6. A(–2, 4), B(5, 4), C(8, –1), D(–1, –1); Slope Formula
4. SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent.
So, and .
Solve for x.
Solve for y.
ANSWER: Since the slope of ≠ slope of , ABCD is not a

x = 11, y = 14 parallelogram.
5.
SOLUTION:
Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
So, and .
Solve for x.
ANSWER:
No; both pairs of opposite sides must be parallel;
Solve for y. because the slope of ≠ slope of , ABCD is
not a parallelogram.
ANSWER:
x = 4, y = 8
COORDINATE GEOMETRY Graph each

7. W(–5, 4), X(3, 4), Y(1, –3), Z(–7, –3); Midpoint

Formula
8. Write a coordinate proof for the statement: If a
SOLUTION: quadrilateral is a parallelogram, then its
The midpoint of is or . diagonals bisect each other.
The midpoint of is or . SOLUTION:

Begin by positioning parallelogram ABCD on the
So, the midpoint of . By the coordinate plane so A is at the origin and the figure is
definition of midpoint, in the first quadrant. Let the length of each base be a
. units so vertex B will have the coordinates (a, 0). Let
the height of the parallelogram be c. Since D is
Since the diagonals bisect each other, WXYZ is a further to the right than A, let its coordinates be (b, c)
parallelogram. and C will be at (b + a, c). Once the parallelogram is
positioned and labeled, use the midpoint formula to
determine whether the diagonals bisect each other.
ANSWER:
Yes; the midpoint of . By the

definition of midpoint, .
Because the diagonals bisect each other, WXYZ is a
parallelogram.

ANSWER:
11.
SOLUTION:
The quadrilateral is not a parallelogram because none
of the tests for parallelograms are fulfilled.
ANSWER:
12.
SOLUTION:
CONSTRUCT ARGUMENTS Determine The quadrilateral is not a parallelogram because none
whether each quadrilateral is a parallelogram. of the tests for parallelograms are fulfilled.
Justify your answer.
ANSWER:
9.
SOLUTION:
13.
The quadrilateral is a parallelogram because both
pairs of opposite sides are congruent. SOLUTION:
The quadrilateral is a parallelogram since the
ANSWER: diagonals bisect each other.
Yes; both pairs of opp. sides are ≅.
ANSWER:
Yes; the diagonals bisect each other.
10.
SOLUTION: 14.
The quadrilateral is a parallelogram because one pair SOLUTION:
of opposite sides are parallel and congruent. By The quadrilateral is not a parallelogram since none of
Theorem 6.12, this quadrilateral is a parallelogram. the tests for parallelograms are fulfilled.
ANSWER: ANSWER:
Yes; one pair of opp. sides is ‖ and ≅. No; none of the tests for are fulfilled.

15. PROOF If ACDH is a parallelogram, B is the 16. PROOF If WXYZ is a parallelogram, ,

midpoint of , and F is the midpoint of , write and M is the midpoint of , write a paragraph
a flow proof to prove that ABFH is a parallelogram. proof to prove that ZMY is an isosceles triangle.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Given: WXYZ is a parallelogram, , and M
is the midpoint of .
Prove: ZMY is an isosceles triangle.
Proof: Because WXYZ is a parallelogram, .
M is the midpoint of , so . It is given
that , so by SAS . By
CPCTC, . So, ZMY is an isosceles
triangle, by the definition of an isosceles triangle.
ANSWER:
Given: WXYZ is a parallelogram, , and M
is the midpoint of .
Prove: ZMY is an isosceles triangle.
ANSWER:
Proof: Because WXYZ is a parallelogram, .
M is the midpoint of , so . It is given
that , so by SAS . By
CPCTC, . So, ZMY is an isosceles
triangle, by the definition of an isosceles triangle.
17. REPAIR Parallelogram lifts are used to elevate

large vehicles for maintenance. In the diagram, ABEF
and BCDE are parallelograms. Write a two-column
proof to show that ACDF is also a parallelogram.
SOLUTION:
Given: ABEF is a parallelogram; BCDE is a
parallelogram. ALGEBRA Find x and y so that the

Prove: ACDF is a parallelogram. quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
18.
SOLUTION:
Solve for x.
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. ABEF is a parallelogram; BCDE is a
parallelogram. (Given)
2. (Def. of Solve for y.
)
3. (Trans. Prop.)
4. ACDF is a parallelogram. (If one pair of opp. sides
is , then the quad. is a .)
ANSWER:
ANSWER: x = 2, y = 29
Given: ABEF is a parallelogram; BCDE is a
parallelogram.
Prove: ACDF is a parallelogram.
Proof:
1. ABEF is a parallelogram; BCDE is a
parallelogram. (Given)
2. (Def. of
)
3. (Trans. Prop.)
4. ACDF is a parallelogram. (If one pair of opp. sides
is , then the quad. is a .)
19. 20.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent. Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent.
Solve for x. Alternate interior angles are congruent.
Solve for y. Use substitution.
ANSWER:
x = 8, y = 9
Substitute in .
ANSWER:
x = 30, y = 15.5

ALGEBRA Find x and y so that the

quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
22.
SOLUTION:
21.
Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent.
SOLUTION: So, . We know that consecutive
Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. angles in a parallelogram are supplementary.
So, and . So,
Solve for y. Solve for x.
Substitute in . Substitute in
So, or 40.
ANSWER: ANSWER:
x = 11, y = 7 x = 40, y = 20

23.
SOLUTION:
So, and .
Solve for x in terms y.
Substitute in . Since both pairs of opposite sides are parallel, ABCD

is a parallelogram.
Substitute in to solve for x.
So, x = 4 and y = 3.
ANSWER:
x = 4, y = 3 ANSWER:
COORDINATE GEOMETRY Graph each Yes; slope of slope of . So, .
quadrilateral with the given vertices. Determine
whether the figure is a parallelogram. Justify Slope of slope of . So, .
your answer with the method indicated. Because both pairs of opposite sides are parallel,
24. A(–3, 4), B(4, 5), C(5, –1), D(–2, –2); Slope Formula ABCD is a parallelogram.
SOLUTION:

25. J(–4, –4), K(–3, 1), L(4, 3), M(3, –3); Distance
Formula
SOLUTION:
Since both pairs of opposite sides are not congruent,

JKLM is not a parallelogram.
ANSWER:
No; both pairs of opposite sides must be congruent.
The distance between K and L is . The distance
between L and M is . The distance between M
and J is . The distance between J and K is
. Because both pairs of opposite sides are not
congruent, JKLM is not a parallelogram.
26. V(3, 5), W(1, –2), X(–6, 2), Y(–4, 7); Slope Formula
SOLUTION:
27. Q(2, –4), R(4, 3), S(–3, 6), T(–5, –1); Distance and
Slope Formulas
SOLUTION:
Since the slope of slope of and the slope

of slope of , VWXY is not a parallelogram.
Slope of slope of , so .
Since QR = ST, . So, QRST is a

parallelogram.
ANSWER:
No; a pair of opposite sides must be parallel and
congruent. Slope of , slope of ,
slope of , and slope of . Because the
slope of slope of and the slope of

slope of , VWXY is not a parallelogram.

Proof:
slope of .
The slope of is 0.
ANSWER:
slope of .
Yes; a pair of opposite sides must be parallel and
congruent. Slope of slope of , so The slope of is 0.
Therefore, . So by definition
. , of a parallelogram, ABCD is a parallelogram.
so . So, QRST is a parallelogram.
ANSWER:
Given:
Prove: ABCD is a parallelogram.
Proof:
28. Write a coordinate proof for the statement: If both
slope of .
pairs of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are
congruent, then the quadrilateral is a The slope of is 0.
parallelogram.
slope of .
SOLUTION:
The slope of is 0.
Given:
Therefore, . So by definition
of a parallelogram, ABCD is a parallelogram.
29. Write a coordinate proof for the statement: If a

parallelogram has one right angle, it has four

right angles.
slope of .
SOLUTION:
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram. The slope of is undefined.
is a right angle. Therefore, . So,
Prove: are right angles. are right angles.
30. PROOF Write a paragraph proof of Theorem 6.10.
SOLUTION:
Given:
Proof:
slope of .
The slope of is undefined.
slope of . Proof: Draw to form two triangles. The sum of

the angles of one triangle is 180, so the sum of the
The slope of is undefined. angles for two triangles is 360. So,
Therefore, . So, . Because
are right angles. . By
substitution, . So,
ANSWER: . Dividing each side by 2
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram. yields . So, the consecutive angles
is a right angle. are supplementary and . Likewise,
Prove: are right angles. . So,
these consecutive angles are supplementary and
. Opposite sides are parallel, so ABCD is a
parallelogram.
ANSWER:
Given:
Proof:
slope of .
The slope of is undefined.

DF by the Subtraction Property. by the

Proof: Draw to form two triangles. The sum of definition of congruence, and by the
the angles of one triangle is 180, so the sum of the Transitive Property. If both pairs of opposite sides of
angles for two triangles is 360. So, a quadrilateral are congruent, then the quadrilateral is
. Because a parallelogram, so BCDE is a parallelogram. By the
. By definition of a parallelogram, .
substitution, . So,
. Dividing each side by 2 b. The scale of the copied object is . BE = CD.
yields . So, the consecutive angles So, BE = 12.
are supplementary and . Likewise,
. So, CF = CD + DF.
these consecutive angles are supplementary and = 12 + 8
. Opposite sides are parallel, so ABCD is a = 20
parallelogram. Therefore, .
31. PANTOGRAPH A pantograph is a device that can
be used to copy an object and either enlarge or Write a proportion. Let x be the width of the copy.
reduce it based on the dimensions of the pantograph.
Solve for x.
12x = 110
x ≈ 9.2
The width of the copy is about 9.2 in.

a. If , write
a paragraph proof to show that . ANSWER:
b. The scale of the copied object is the ratio of CF to a.
BE. If AB is 12 inches, DF is 8 inches, and the width Given:
of the original object is 5.5 inches, what is the width Prove:
of the copy? Proof: We are given that
SOLUTION: . AC = CF
a. by the definition of congruence. AC = AB + BC and
CF = CD + DF by the Segment Addition Postulate
Given:
and AB + BC = CD + DF by substitution. Using
Prove: substitution again, AB + BC = AB + DF, and BC =
Proof: We are given that
DF by the Subtraction Property. by the
. AC = CF
definition of congruence, and by the
by the definition of congruence. AC = AB + BC and
Transitive Property. If both pairs of opposite sides of
CF = CD + DF by the Segment Addition Postulate
a quadrilateral are congruent, then the quadrilateral is
and AB + BC = CD + DF by substitution. Using
a parallelogram, so BCDE is a parallelogram. By the
substitution again, AB + BC = AB + DF, and BC =
definition of a parallelogram, . PROOF Write a two-column proof.

b. about 9.2 in. 32. Theorem 6.11
SOLUTION:
Given:
Proof:
1. (Given)
2. (Vertical .)
3. (SAS)
4. (CPCTC)
5. ABCD is a parallelogram. (If both pairs of opp.
sides are , then quad is a .)
ANSWER:
Given:
Proof:
1. (Given)
2. (Vertical .)
3. (SAS)
4. (CPCTC)
sides are , then quad is a .)
33. Theorem 6.12

SOLUTION: 34. CONSTRUCTION Explain how you can use

Given: Theorem 6.11 to construct a parallelogram. Then
Prove: ABCD is a parallelogram. construct a parallelogram using your method.
SOLUTION:
By Theorem 6.11, if the diagonals of a quadrilateral
bisect each other, then the quadrilateral is a
parallelogram. Begin by drawing and bisecting a
segment . Then draw a line that intersects the
first segment through its midpoint D. Mark a point C
Proof: on one side of this line and then construct a segment
Statements (Reasons) congruent to on the other side of D. You
1. (Given) now have intersecting segments which bisect each
2. Draw . (Two points determine a line.) other. Connect point A to point C, point C to point B,
3. (If two lines are , then alt. int. point B to point E, and point E to point A to form
.) ACBE.
4. (Refl. Prop.)
5. (SAS)
6. (CPCTC)
sides are , then the quad. is .)
ANSWER:
Given:
ANSWER:
By Theorem 6.11, if the diagonals of a quadrilateral
Proof: bisect each other, then the quadrilateral is a
Statements (Reasons) parallelogram. Begin by drawing and bisecting a
1. (Given) segment . Then draw a line that intersects the
2. Draw . (Two points determine a line.) first segment through its midpoint D. Mark a point C
3. (If two lines are , then alt. int. on one side of this line and then construct a segment
.) congruent to on the other side of D. You
4. (Refl. Prop.) now have intersecting segments which bisect each
5. (SAS) other. Connect point A to point C, point C to point B,
6. (CPCTC) point B to point E, and point E to point A to form
7. ABCD is a parallelogram. (If both pairs of opp. ACBE.
sides are , then the quad. is .)

36.
SOLUTION:
From the x-coordinates of W and X, has a length
of a units. Since X is on the x-axis it has coordinates
(a, 0). Since horizontal segments are parallel, the
endpoints of have the same y-coordinate, c. The
distance from Z to Y is the same as WX, a units.
Since Z is at (–b, c), what should be added to –b to
REASONING Name the missing coordinates get a units? The x-coordinate of Y is a – b. Thus, the
for each parallelogram. missing coordinates are Y(a – b, c) and X(a, 0).
ANSWER:
Y(a – b, c), X(a, 0)
35.
SOLUTION:
Since AB is on the x-axis and horizontal segments are
parallel, position the endpoints of so that they
have the same y-coordinate, c. The distance from D
to C is the same as AB, also a + b units, let the x-
coordinate of D be –b and of C be a. Thus, the
missing coordinates are C(a, c) and D(–b, c).
ANSWER:
C(a, c), D(–b, c)

37. SERVICE While replacing a handrail, a contractor

uses a carpenter’s square to confirm that the vertical
supports are perpendicular to the top step and the
ground, respectively. How can the contractor prove
that the two handrails are parallel using the fewest
measurements? Assume that the top step and the
ground are both level. SOLUTION:
Begin by positioning quadrilateral RSTV and ABCD
on a coordinate plane. Place vertex R at the origin.
Since ABCD is formed from the midpoints of each
side of RSTV, let each length and height of RSTV be
in multiples of 2. Since RSTV does not have any
congruent sides or any vertical sides, let R be (0, 0),
V(2c, 0), T(2d, 2b), and S(2a, 2f).
Given: RSTV is a quadrilateral.

A, B, C, and D are midpoints of sides
respectively.
SOLUTION:
Because the two vertical rails are both perpendicular
to the ground, he knows that they are parallel to each
other. If he measures the distance between the two
rails at the top of the steps and at the bottom of the
steps, and they are equal, then one pair of sides of the
quadrilateral formed by the handrails is both parallel
and congruent, so the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
Because the quadrilateral is a parallelogram, the two
handrails are parallel by definition. Proof:
Place quadrilateral RSTV on the coordinate plane and
ANSWER: label coordinates as shown. (Using coordinates that
Sample answer: Because the two vertical rails are are multiples of 2 will make the computation easier.)
both perpendicular to the ground, he knows that they By the Midpoint Formula, the coordinates of A, B, C,
are parallel to each other. If he measures the distance
between the two rails at the top of the steps and at and D are
the bottom of the steps, and they are equal, then one
pair of sides of the quadrilateral formed by the
handrails is both parallel and congruent, so the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Because the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram, the two handrails are
Find the slopes of .
parallel by definition.
Slope of Slope of
38. PROOF Write a coordinate proof to prove that the
segments joining the midpoints of the sides of any
quadrilateral form a parallelogram.
Find the slopes of .

Slope of Slope of
The slopes of are the same so the

segments are parallel. Use the Distance Formula to
find AB and DC.
The slopes of are the same so the

segments are parallel. Use the Distance Formula to
find AB and DC.
Thus, AB = DC and . Therefore, ABCD is

a parallelogram because if one pair of opposite sides
of a quadrilateral are both parallel and congruent,
then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
ANSWER:
Thus, AB = DC and . Therefore, ABCD is
Given: RSTV is a quadrilateral.
a parallelogram because if one pair of opposite sides
A, B, C, and D are midpoints of sides
of a quadrilateral are both parallel and congruent,
respectively. then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
39. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this
problem, you will explore the properties of rectangles.
A rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles.
a. Geometric Draw three rectangles with varying

lengths and widths. Label one rectangle ABCD, one
MNOP, and one WXYZ. Draw the two diagonals for
each rectangle.
Proof: b. Tabular Measure the diagonals of each rectangle,

Place quadrilateral RSTV on the coordinate plane and and complete the table.
label coordinates as shown. (Using coordinates that
are multiples of 2 will make the computation easier.)
By the Midpoint Formula, the coordinates of A, B, C,
and D are

a. Sample answer:
c. Verbal Write a conjecture about the diagonals of a

rectangle.
SOLUTION:
a. Sample answer:
b.
c. Sample answer: The diagonals of a rectangle are

congruent.
40. CHALLENGE The diagonals of a parallelogram

meet at the point (0, 1). One vertex of the
b. Use a ruler to measure the length of each parallelogram is located at (2, 4), and a second vertex
diagonal. is located at (3, 1). Find the locations of the remaining
vertices.
SOLUTION:
First, graph the given points. The midpoint of each
diagonal is (0, 1).
c. Sample answer: The diagonals of a rectangle are

congruent.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
(−3, 1) and (−2, −2)
41. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast

Theorem 6.9 and Theorem 6.3.
SOLUTION:
Theorem 6.9 states "If both pairs of opposite sides of
a quadrilateral are congruent, then the quadrilateral is
a parallelogram." Theorem 6.3 states "If a
Let and be the coordinates of the quadrilateral is a parallelogram, then its opposite sides
remaining vertices. Here, diagonals of a are congruent." The theorems are converses of each
parallelogram meet at the point (0, 1). other since the hypothesis of one is the conclusion of
the other. The hypothesis of Theorem 6.3 is “a figure
So, and is a ”, and the hypothesis of 6.9 is “both pairs of
opp. sides of a quadrilateral are ”. The conclusion
. of Theorem 6.3 is “opp. sides are ”, and the
conclusion of 6.9 is “the quadrilateral is a ”.
ANSWER:
Consider .
Sample answer: The theorems are converses of each
other. The hypothesis of Theorem 6.3 is “a figure is a
”, and the hypothesis of 6.9 is “both pairs of opp.
sides of a quadrilateral are ”. The conclusion of
Theorem 6.3 is “opp. sides are ”, and the
conclusion of 6.9 is “the quadrilateral is a ”.
Consider .
Therefore, the coordinates of the remaining vertices

are (–3, 1) and (–2, –2).

42. CONSTRUCT ARGUMENTS If two 43. OPEN-ENDED Position and label a parallelogram
parallelograms have four congruent corresponding on the coordinate plane differently than shown in
angles, are the parallelograms sometimes, always, or either Example 5, Exercise 35, or Exercise 36.
never congruent? Justify.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
If two parallelograms have four congruent
corresponding angles, then the parallelograms are
sometimes congruent.
The two parallelograms could be congruent, but you

can also make the parallelogram bigger or smaller
without changing the angle measures by changing the
side lengths. For example, these parallelograms have ANSWER:
corresponding congruent angles but the parallelogram
on the right is larger than the other.
ANSWER: 44. CHALLENGE If ABCD is a parallelogram and

Sometimes; Sample answer: The two parallelograms , show that quadrilateral JBKD is a
could be congruent, but you can also make the parallelogram.
parallelogram bigger or smaller without changing the
angle measures by changing the side lengths.
SOLUTION:
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram and .
Prove: Quadrilateral JBKD is a parallelogram.
Proof:
Draw in segment . Because ABCD is a

parallelogram, then by Theorem 6.3, diagonals 45. WRITING IN MATH How can you prove that a
bisect each other. Label their point of quadrilateral is a parallelogram?
intersection P. By the definition of bisect, , SOLUTION:
so AP = PC. By Segment Addition, AP = AJ + JP
You can show that both pairs of opposite sides are
and PC = PK + KC. So AJ + JP = PK + KC by
congruent or parallel, both pairs of opposite angles
Substitution. Because , AJ = KC by the are congruent, diagonals bisect each other, or one
definition of congruence. Substituting yields KC + JP pair of opposite sides is both congruent and parallel.
= PK + KC. By the Subtraction Property, JP = KC.
So by the definition of congruence, . Thus, ANSWER:
P is the midpoint of . Because bisect Sample answer: You can show that both pairs of
each other and are diagonals of quadrilateral JBKD, opposite sides are congruent or parallel, both pairs of
by Theorem 6.11, quadrilateral JBKD is a opposite angles are congruent, diagonals bisect each
parallelogram. other, or one pair of opposite sides is both congruent
and parallel.
ANSWER:
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram and .
Prove: Quadrilateral JBKD is a parallelogram.
Proof:
Draw in segment . Because ABCD is a
parallelogram, then by Theorem 6.3, diagonals
bisect each other. Label their point of
intersection P. By the definition of bisect, ,
so AP = PC. By Segment Addition, AP = AJ + JP
and PC = PK + KC. So AJ + JP = PK + KC by
Substitution. Because , AJ = KC by the
definition of congruence. Substituting yields KC + JP
= PK + KC. By the Subtraction Property, JP = KC.
So by the definition of congruence, . Thus,
P is the midpoint of . Because bisect
each other and are diagonals of quadrilateral JBKD,
by Theorem 6.11, quadrilateral JBKD is a
parallelogram.

46. Amir is using software to design a geometric pattern 47. Quadrilateral ABCD has vertices A(0, 1), B(1, 4),
for a quilt. He starts by making quadrilateral PQRS, C(5, 5), and D(4, 2). Kalina uses the slope formula to
as shown. He wants to know if the quadrilateral he show that is parallel to . Which of the
made is a parallelogram. following can she use as her next step to show that
ABCD is a parallelogram?
I. Use the Slope Formula to show that

is parallel to .
II. Use the Distance Formula to show that
is congruent to .
III. Use the Distance Formula to show that
Which of the following best describes quadrilateral is congruent to .
PQRS?
A I only
A It is a parallelogram, because a pair of opposite B II only
sides are congruent. C I and II only
B It is a parallelogram, because a pair of opposite D III only
angles are congruent. E I, II, and III
C It is a parallelogram, because a pair of opposite
SOLUTION:
sides are both parallel and congruent.
D There is not enough information to conclude that Since Kalina has shown that one pair of opposite
the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. sides are parallel, using the Slope Formula, option I is
correct as this would also prove that the other pair of
SOLUTION: opposite sides are parallel. This meets the sufficient
Choice A is not correct because it states that a pair conditions of the definition of a parallelogram.
of opposite sides are congruent whereas Theorem 6.9 Similarly, option II would also be correct because it
indicates that BOTH pairs of opposite sides need to would help her to prove that the same pair of opposite
be congruent. sides are parallel and congruent. This meets the
sufficient conditions for Theorem 6.12. However,
Choice B is not correct because it states that a pair option III would not be correct as it would prove one
of opposite angles are congruent whereas Theorem pair of opposite sides is congruent but not the same
6.10 indicates that BOTH pairs of opposite angles pair of opposite sides that she already proved parallel.
need to be congruent. Therefore, since only options I and II are correct, the
correct answer is choice C.
Choice C is not correct because it states that a pair
of opposite sides are parallel and congruent. Although ANSWER:
there is a pair of congruent opposite sides, there is not C
enough information available to prove that this same
pair of opposite sides is also parallel.
Therefore, Choice D is the correct answer.
ANSWER:
D

48. In quadrilateral WXYZ, WX = 4x – 15, XY = 4x + 20,

YZ = 3x + 5, and ZW = 6x – 20. For what value of x 3(14) + 14 = 56
is quadrilateral WXYZ a parallelogram?
b. 6(14) – 16 = 68
SOLUTION:
Set WX = YZ and solve for x. Then, do the same for c. 4(14) = 56
XY and ZW.
d. m∠OPQ = m∠MNO = 56
e . Yes. Since ∠MNO ≅ ∠OPQ, by the alternate

interior angle theorem, the line segments are parallel.
f. Yes, since both sets of opposite sides are parallel,

NPQR is a parallelogram.
g. See students' work.
If x = 20, then both pairs of opposite sides are ANSWER:

congruent and WXYZ is a parallelogram. The correct a. 56
answer is 20. b. 68
c. 56
ANSWER:
d. 56
20
e . Sample answer: Yes. Since ∠MNO ≅ ∠OPQ, by
49. MULTI-STEP Use the figure to answer the the alternate interior angle theorem, the line segments
questions. are parallel.
f. Sample answer: Yes, since both sets of opposite
sides are parallel, NPQR is a parallelogram.
g. See students' work.
a. What is m∠MNO?
b. What is m∠OQP?
c. What is m∠MON?
d. What is m∠OPQ?
e . Is ? Explain.
f. Is NPQR a parallelogram? Explain.
g. What mathematical practice did you use to solve
this problem?
SOLUTION:
a.
3y + 14 + 4y + 6y – 16 = 180
13y = 182
y = 14
50. Three of the vertices of a parallelogram are at (3, – 51. Which are ways to determine that a quadrilateral is a
4), (–1, –2), and (6, 1). Which point could be the parallelogram? Select all that apply.
location of the fourth vertex? Select all that apply.
A The quadrilateral has two pairs of congruent
A (10, –1) angles.
B (3, 7)
C (2, 3) B The quadrilateral has both pairs of opposite sides
D (–4, –7) congruent.
E (–6, –1)
C The quadrilateral has one pair of opposite sides
SOLUTION: that are parallel and congruent.
Because it is given that the figure is a parallelogram,
and both pairs of opposite sides and angles are D The quadrilateral has diagonals that are different
congruent, you can use the Slope Formula and lengths.
Distance Formula to determine the possible locations
of the fourth vertex. E The quadrilateral has both pairs of opposite angles
congruent.
Thus, the possible points are (10, –1), (2, 3), and (–4,
–7). So, the correct answers are choices A, C, and SOLUTION:
D. Considering what has been learned in this chapter, the
only choices that can be used to determine that a
ANSWER: quadrilateral is a parallelogram are:
A, C, D
The quadrilateral has both pairs of opposite sides
congruent.
The quadrilateral has one pair of opposite sides
that are parallel and congruent.
The quadrilateral has both pairs of opposite
angles congruent.
So, the correct answers are choices B, C, and E.
ANSWER:
B, C, E

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6-3 Tests for Parallelograms

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1

ANSWER: Since the slope of ≠ slope of , ABCD is not a

COORDINATE GEOMETRY Graph each

7. W(–5, 4), X(3, 4), Y(1, –3), Z(–7, –3); Midpoint

The midpoint of is or . SOLUTION:

Yes; the midpoint of . By the

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4

15. PROOF If ACDH is a parallelogram, B is the 16. PROOF If WXYZ is a parallelogram, ,

17. REPAIR Parallelogram lifts are used to elevate

parallelogram. ALGEBRA Find x and y so that the

Solve for x. Alternate interior angles are congruent.

Solve for y. Use substitution.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 7

ALGEBRA Find x and y so that the

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8

Substitute in . Since both pairs of opposite sides are parallel, ABCD

Substitute in to solve for x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 9

Since both pairs of opposite sides are not congruent,

Since the slope of slope of and the slope

Since QR = ST, . So, QRST is a

slope of , and slope of . Because the

slope of slope of and the slope of

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 11

29. Write a coordinate proof for the statement: If a

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 12

30. PROOF Write a paragraph proof of Theorem 6.10.

The slope of is undefined.

slope of . Proof: Draw to form two triangles. The sum of

The slope of is undefined.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 13

DF by the Subtraction Property. by the

The width of the copy is about 9.2 in.

definition of a parallelogram, . PROOF Write a two-column proof.

33. Theorem 6.12

SOLUTION: 34. CONSTRUCTION Explain how you can use

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 16

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 17

37. SERVICE While replacing a handrail, a contractor

Given: RSTV is a quadrilateral.

Find the slopes of .

The slopes of are the same so the

The slopes of are the same so the

Thus, AB = DC and . Therefore, ABCD is

a. Geometric Draw three rectangles with varying

Proof: b. Tabular Measure the diagonals of each rectangle,

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 19

c. Verbal Write a conjecture about the diagonals of a

c. Sample answer: The diagonals of a rectangle are

40. CHALLENGE The diagonals of a parallelogram

c. Sample answer: The diagonals of a rectangle are

41. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast

Therefore, the coordinates of the remaining vertices

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 21

The two parallelograms could be congruent, but you

ANSWER: 44. CHALLENGE If ABCD is a parallelogram and

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 22

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 23

I. Use the Slope Formula to show that

Therefore, Choice D is the correct answer.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 24

48. In quadrilateral WXYZ, WX = 4x – 15, XY = 4x + 20,