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Unit 6
Quadrilaterals
Part 1
Parallelograms
Definition
• A parallelogram is a quadrilateral whose
opposite sides are parallel.
B C
A D
A D
Basic Properties
• There are four basic properties of all
parallelograms.
• These properties have to do with the angles,
the sides and the diagonals.
Opposite Sides
Theorem Opposite sides of a parallelogram
are congruent. B C
A D
B C
A D
Opposite Angles
Theorem Opposite angles of a
parallelogram are congruent.
• Complete: If m A = 75 and m
B = 105, then m C = ______
and m D = ______ .
B C
A D
Consecutive Angles
• Each angle is consecutive to two other
angles. A is consecutive with B
and D.
B C
A D
Consecutive Angles in Parallelograms
B C
Consecutive
INTERIOR
Angles are
Supplementary!
A D
Diagonals
• Diagonals are segments that join non-
consecutive vertices.
• For example, in this diagram, the only two
diagonals are .
AC and BD
B C
A D
Diagonal Property
When the diagonals of a parallelogram intersect, they
meet at the midpoint of each diagonal.
• So, P is the midpoint of AC and BD.
• Therefore, they bisect each other;
AP PC andBP PD .
so
• But, the diagonals are not congruent!
AC BD
B C
A D
Diagonal Property
Theorem The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
other.
B C
A D
Parallelogram Summary
• By its definition, opposite sides are parallel.
Other properties (theorems):
• Opposite sides are congruent.
• Opposite angles are congruent.
• Consecutive angles are supplementary.
• The diagonals bisect each other.
Examples
• 1. Draw HKLP.
• 2. Complete: HK = _______ and
HP = ________ .
• 3. m<K = m<______ .
• 4. m<L + m<______ = 180.
• 5. If m<P = 65, then m<H = ____,
m<K = ______ and m<L =______ .
Examples (cont’d)
Tests for
Parallelograms
Review: Properties of
Parallelograms
• Opposite sides are parallel.
• Opposite sides are congruent.
• Opposite angles are congruent.
• Consecutive angles are supplementary.
• The diagonals bisect each other.
How can you tell if a quadrilateral
is a parallelogram?
• Defn: A quadrilateral is a parallelogram iff
opposite sides are parallel.
Theorem 2: E F
If one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are both congruent and
parallel, then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram .
If EF GH and EF || HG, then Quad. EFGH is a parallelogram.
Theorem:
Theorem 3:
If both pairs of opposite angles of a quadrilateral are congruent, then
the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. G
H
If H F and E G ,
then Quad. EFGH is a parallelogram.
M
Theorem 4: E
F
If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram . If M is the midpo int of EG and FH
then Quad. EFGH is a
parallelogram. EM = GM and HM = FM
5 ways to prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
Rectangles
D C
E
Also: ∆AEB, ∆BEC, ∆CED, and ∆AED are isosceles triangles
D C
≡
Is a rhombus a parallelogram?
≡
Yes, since opposite sides are congruent.
Since a rhombus is a parallelogram the following are true:
• Opposite sides are parallel.
• Opposite sides are congruent.
• Opposite angles are congruent.
• Consecutive angles are supplementary.
• Diagonals bisect each other.
Lesson 6-4: Rhombus & Square 30
Rhombus
Note: The four small triangles are congruent, by SSS.
This means the diagonals form
four angles that are congruent,
≡
and must measure 90 degrees
≡
each.
So the diagonals are perpendicular.
≡
• Consecutive angles are supplementary.
• Diagonals bisect each other.
Plus:
≡
• All four sides are congruent.
• Diagonals are perpendicular.
• Diagonals bisect opposite angles.
• Also remember: the small triangles are RIGHT and CONGRUENT!
35
Squares – Examples…...
Given: ABCD is a square. Complete the following.
90°
Trapezoids
and Kites
Lesson 6-5: Trapezoid & Kites 37
Trapezoid
Definition: A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides.
The parallel sides are called bases and the non-parallel sides are
called legs.
Base
Base
1 Median
median (b1 b2 )
2
b2
Lesson 6-5: Trapezoid & Kites 39
Isosceles Trapezoid
Definition: A trapezoid with congruent legs.
Isosceles
trapezoid
AC DB
A B
D C
Isosceles
Trapezoid
Rectangle Rhombus
Square