Unit 10 -

Surface Area
and Volume
Learning Objectives
 Squares, Rectangles and Parallelograms

Make sure all lengths have the same

unit, convert if necessary
Multiply the width, by the height
Don’t be tricked by useless information
Area = base x height

5cm
7cm
7cm

10cm 10cm
0.5m
50cm
10 x 10 = 100cm2 5 x 10 = 50cm2
7 x 50 = 350cm2
Triangles

What would happen if we halved these shapes?

The area of a triangle is half the area of the big shape, so:

Area of triangle = base x height ÷ 2

Remember the formula says HEIGHT not side

Area = base x height

2
15cm
10cm

25cm
10 x 25 = 250
250 ÷ 2 = 125cm2
Area of Trapeziums
You can find the area of a trapezium by using the formula-

(a ++b)10)
(12 ÷2÷2
x hx 5 = 55cm 2

Area = (sum of parallel sides) x height

10cm 2

5cm

12cm
Area of Trapeziums
You can find the area of a trapezium by using the formula-

(a + b)
(7 13)÷2÷2x xh4 = 40cm 2

7cm

4cm

13cm
Area of Trapeziums
You can find the area of a trapezium by using the formula-

(a + b)
(2 8) ÷2 x 9h = 45cm 2

2cm

9cm

8cm
 3 Answers:
2
1 15cm 1) 140cm2
14cm
8cm 2) 56cm2
4 3) 180cm2
10cm
4) 192cm2
5) 132cm2
7cm 12cm 14cm 6) 240cm2
6
7) 330cm2
5 7 8) 72cm2
9cm 12cm
12cm
11cm 9) 72cm2
15cm
10)180cm2
11cm 30cm 11)140cm2
20cm
12)240cm2
9 13)225cm2
8 10
14cm 12cm
18cm
9cm
16cm 12cm 20cm
12
11 8cm 13 14cm
25cm 15cm
14cm 12cm 15cm

12cm 16cm
Plenary
Compound Shapes
 Each of these compound shapes was made by
adding or subtracting one polygon from another.
How can you split the shapes to find the polygons?
 Each of these compound shapes was made by
adding or subtracting one polygon from another.
How can you split the shapes to find the polygons?
 To find the area of common polygons…

ℎ ℎ

𝑏 𝑏
Area of a Rectangle = 𝑏×ℎ Area of a parallelogram = 𝑏×ℎ
𝑎

ℎ ℎ

𝑏 𝑏

Area of a Triangle = Area of a Trapezium =

 How can we find the area of this shape?

Triangle Area =

= 24 cm2
6 cm

10 cm 8 cm Rectangle Area = 8 × 4
= 32 cm2
4 cm

Total Area = 24 + 32

8 cm = 56 cm2

Not
drawn
To make it easier, we can split the shape & label lengths. accurately.
 How can we find the area of this shape?

Big Triangle Area =

4 cm
= 15 cm2

10 cm
Small Triangle Area =

= 9 cm2
6 cm

Total Area = 15 − 9

= 6 cm2
3 cm

Not
drawn
To make it easier, we can split the shape & label lengths. accurately.
 How can we find the area of this shape?

Rectangle Area = 6 × 5
6 cm
= 30 cm2

Triangle Area =
5 cm
5 cm
2 cm = 10 cm2

Total Area = 30 − 10

4 cm = 20 cm2

Not
drawn
To make it easier, we can split the shape & label lengths. accurately.
 How can we find the area of this shape?

Parallelogram Area = 5 × 6

5 cm = 30 cm2

5 cm
11 cm
Triangle Area =

6 cm = 12.5 cm2

Total Area = 30 + 12.5

5 cm = 42.5 cm2

What assumption have we made?

Not
drawn
To make it easier, we can split the shape & label lengths. accurately.
 How can we find the area of this shape?

8+6
Trapezium Area = ×7
2
= 49 cm2
8 cm

Triangle Area =
5 cm
= 20 cm2
7 cm
2 cm
Total Area = 49 − 20

6 cm = 29 cm2

Not
drawn
To make it easier, we can label lengths accurately.
 Split these shapes into 2 polygons. Not
drawn
Label any missing lengths & find the total area of each shape.
accurately.
A 10 + 20 C
B 8 cm 8 cm
= 30 cm2
4 cm
2 cm 36 + 12
32 − 4 6 cm
= 28 cm2 = 48 cm2
4 cm 2 cm

4 cm
4 cm 6 cm
5 cm 2 cm

D 8 cm F
E
18 − 4 4 cm 4 cm
= 14 cm2
12 cm 3 cm 8 cm
60 + 54 2 cm
6 cm 4 cm 20 + 14
= 114 cm2 = 34 cm2

2 cm 4 cm 10 cm 7 cm
Plenary
SURFACE AREA OF CUBOIDS
To find the surface area you must work out the area of every face
w w w
l l l
TOP
LEFT
SIDE
BACK
h h h
RIGHT
FRONT SIDE
BOTTOM

Area of top = l x w = lw Area of front = h x w = hw Area of left = l x h = lh

Area of bottom = l x w = lw Area of back = h x w = hw Area of right = l x h = lh
Area of top and bottom = 2lw Area of top and bottom = 2hw Area of left and right = 2lh

Surface area of a cuboid = 2lw + 2hw + 2lh

EXAMPLES

Find the volume of the cuboids below: 2

1) l w 2)
h

h
w l
Surface Area = 2lw + 2hw + 2lh Surface Area = 2lw + 2hw + 2lh
Surface Area = 2 x 3 x 2 + 2 x 4 x 2 + 2 x 3 x 4 Surface Area = 2 x 8 x 3 + 2 x 5 x3 + 2 x 8 x 5
Surface Area = 12 + 16 + 24 Surface Area = 48 + 30 + 80
Surface Area = Surface Area =
QUESTIONS
PLENARY
Work out the surface area of the compound shape below:
Not to
scale
8 cm 64 cm2
5 cm

40 cm2
64 cm2

36 cm2
64 cm2
64 cm2 96 cm2
8 cm
36 cm2
3 cm
64 cm2 96 cm2
8 cm
8 cm 12 cm

SA = 64 + 64 + 64 + 64 + 64 + 40 + 96 + 96 + 24 + 36 + 36 =
648cm2
 SURFACE AREA OF PRISMS
Ex1 Calculate the surface area of the following triangular prism.
Solutio

Front = 6 × 8 = 24
n

2
7.2cm
Back = 6 × 8 = 24
6cm
2
7.2 7.2 8
Middle faces
10cm 10 22.4 × 10 = 224
8cm

What is the relationship 22.4 Total surface area

between the highlighted sides? 24 + 24 + 224 = 272cm2
 Ex2 Calculate the surface area of the following parallelepiped.
Solutio

Front = 9 × 6 = 54
n

Back = 9 × 6 = 54
7cm
7 9 7 9
6cm
Middle faces
12cm 12 32 × 12 = 384
9cm
32 Total surface area
What is the relationship 54 + 54 + 384 = 492cm2
between the highlighted sides?
 Ex3 Calculate the surface area of the following prism.
Solutio

5cm 5cm Front Area of A = 4 × 8 = 32cm2

n

5cm B Area of B = (5 + 8) × 4 = 26cm2

8cm
2
A 4cm
8cm 4cm Total Area = 32 + 26 = 58cm2
8cm
Back = 58cm2
15cm
8cm 8 8 5 5 4
Middle faces
15 30 × 15 = 450
What is the relationship Total surface area
between the highlighted sides? 30 58 + 58 + 450 = 566cm2
 Ex4 Calculate the surface area of the following L-shape prism.
Solutio

6cm 6cm Front Area of A = 6 × 12 = 72cm2

n

Area of B = 6 × 6 = 36cm2
12cm A
B 6cm Total Area = 72 + 36 = 108cm2
6cm
12cm 12cm Back = 108cm2

15cm
12cm 12 12 6 6 6 6
Middle faces
15 48 × 15 = 720
What is the relationship Total surface area
between the highlighted sides? 48 108 + 108 + 720 = 936cm2
 QUESTIONS

Q1 Calculate the surface area of the following prisms.

[a] 312cm2 [b] 660m2 [c] 496ft2
13m 9ft
8cm 12m 8ft
11cm 20m 12ft
6cm 5m 7ft
[d] 612yd2 [e] 360mm2 2mm [f] 1160in2 5in

9yd 10mm 13in

6yd 8mm 12in
14yd 10mm 20in
9yd 8mm 15in
Q2 Calculate the surface area of the following L-shape prisms.
[a] 730cm2 [b] 464in2 [c] 952m2
3cm 6in
5cm 4in 10m 10m
10cm 4in 2m

14cm 12in 18m

10cm 8in 12m
[d] 922ft2 9ft [e] 908yd2 [f] 1494mm2 11mm
9yd
8ft
8yd 11mm
12ft 10yd 14mm
15ft 16yd 20mm
11ft 12yd 14mm
PLENARY
VOLUME OF PRISMS A 3D shape with the same cross-section
all the way along its length.
 Prism or not?
a b d
c

f
e g
h

i
l
k

j
 Prism or not?
a b d
c

f
e g
h

i
l
k

j
Finding the volume of a prism.

How can we calculate the

total number of cubes?
 If we can find the volume of one slice,
we can multiply that to find the total volume.

We call one slice of a prism

the cross-section.
1cm
1cm
1cm
= 1 cm3

5 cm

Cross-Section = 12 cm3
Length = 5 cm
Volume of a prism = Cross-Section × Length
Volume = 12 × 5 = 60 cm3
 To calculate the volume of a cuboid we multiply
the length by the width by the height.

2 cm
4 cm

3 cm

2 × 3 × 4 = 24 cm2
Volume = length × width × height
1cm
1cm
1cm
= 1 cm3

6 cm

Cross-Section = 8 cm3
Length = 6 cm

Volume of a prism = Cross-Section × Length

Volume = 8 × 6 = 48 cm3
1cm
1cm
1cm
= 1 cm3

7 cm

Cross-Section = 10 cm3
Length = 7 cm

Volume of a prism = Cross-Section × Length

Volume = 10 × 7 = 70 cm3
1cm
1cm
1cm
= 1 cm3

5cm

Cross-Section = 12 cm3
Length = 5 cm

Volume of a prism = Cross-Section × Length

Volume = 12 × 5 = 60 cm3
 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = × 𝑏 × ℎ
2

6 cm
5 cm

6 cm
Cross-Section = 18 cm2
Length = 5 cm

Volume of a prism = Cross-Section × Length

Volume = 18 × 5 = 90 cm3
 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = × 𝑏 × ℎ
2

6 cm
8 cm

7 cm
Cross-Section = 21 cm2
Length = 8 cm

Volume of a prism = Cross-Section × Length

Volume = 21 × 8 = 168 cm3
What method could
we use for 6 cm
a compound shape?
3 cm

8 cm A 2 cm

B 7 cm

6 cm
Cross-Section × Length 2 Prisms

Cross-Section = A + B Prism A = 24 × 7 = 168 cm3

= 24 cm2 + 6 cm2 Prism B = 6 × 7 = 42 cm3
= 30 cm2 Total = 210 cm3
Volume = 30 × 7 = 210 cm3
Volume of a prism = Cross-Section × Length

3cm
1cm

6cm 2cm

5cm
5cm 4cm
4cm
4cm 5cm
Volume of a prism = Cross-Section × Length
24 cm3
20 cm3

3cm
1cm
68 cm3
60 cm3 6cm 2cm

5cm
5cm 4cm
4cm
4cm 5cm
 Volume of a Prism
1 cm Answer
Calculate the volume of each prism.
Box
Match it with an answer from the answer box!
Some extras!
10 cm

9 cm
2 cm
4 cm
A
B
4 cm
C
9 cm

3 cm
E
8 cm

8 cm
D G
6 cm
8 cm

(not to scale) F
12 cm

Calculate the volume of these compound prisms.

2 cm

8 cm
5 cm
2 cm
8 cm
10 cm

I
H 10 cm
4 cm

Find the missing lengths (𝑥) Volume Volume = 336 cm3

= 180 cm3 𝑥 cm
11 cm
𝑥 cm

8 cm

3 cm J L
K
Volume = 132 cm3 5 cm 2 cm
 Volume of a Prism
Answer
Calculate the volume of each prism.
Match it with an 60 cm
answer from the3 answer box!
1 cm
Box A 80 cm3
80 cm
3
27 cm3 Some extras!
10 cm
B 60 cm3

9 cm
2 cm
4 cm
A
B
4 cm
C C 27 cm3
9 cm
120 cm3
D 120 cm3
3 cm
E 54 cm
3
8 cm

36 cm3
D
8 cm
G E 54 cm3
6 cm 800 cm3
F 800 cm3
8 cm

(not to scale) F
12 cm

Calculate the volume of these compound prisms. G 36 cm3

420 cm3
2 cm

8 cm
5 cm H 288 cm3
288 cm3 2 cm
8 cm
10 cm

I 420 cm3
I
H 10 cm
4 cm
J 4 cm
Find the missing lengths (𝑥) Volume Volume = 336 cm3
4 cm 11 cm = 180 cm3 𝑥 cm K 12 cm
Answers
12 cm 10 cm
𝑥 cm

8 cm

3 cm J
K
L
L 10 cm
Volume = 132 cm3 5 cm 2 cm
PLENARY
CONVERT ING UNITS OF AREA AND VOLUME
Here is a 1 cm × 1 cm square.

It contains…
1 square centimetre
1 cm2 10 mm 1 cm

How many…
1 square millimetres
does it contain? 1 cm
10 mm
100 mm2

To convert from cm2 to mm2 we multiply by… 100. Why?

Here is a 1 m × 1 m square.

It contains…
1 square metre
1 cm2 100 cm 1 m

How many…
1 square centimetres
does it contain? 1m
100 cm
10,000 cm2

To convert from m2 to cm2 we multiply by… 10,000. Why?

 10 mm
Here is a 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm cube.
1 cm

It contains…
1 cube centimetre
1 cm3
10 mm 1 cm

How many…
1 square millimetres
does it contain? 1 cm
10 mm
1000 mm3

To convert from cm3 to mm3 we multiply by… 1000. Why?

 = 1 cm2 = 100 mm2

1 cm 10 mm

1 cm 10 mm
To convert length from cm to mm: × 10
To convert area we do this for both dimensions: × 10 × 10 = × 102 = × 100
 = 1 cm2 = 100 mm2

1 cm 10 mm

1 cm 10 mm
To convert length from cm to mm: × 10
To convert area we do this for both dimensions: × 10 × 10 = × 102 = × 100

What are the conversion factors for…

m2 to cm2 × 100 × 100 × 1002

× 10,000
km2 to m2 × 1000 × 1000 × 10002 × 1,000,000

mm2 to cm2 ÷ 10 ÷ 10 ÷ 102 ÷ 100

 = 1 cm2 = 1000 mm2
1 cm 10 mm

1 cm 10 mm

1 cm 10 mm
To convert length from cm to mm: × 10
To convert volume we do this for all dimensions: × 10 × 10 × 10 = × 103 = × 1000

What are the conversion factors for…

m3 to cm3 × 1003 × 1,000,000

km3 to m3 × 10003 × 1,000,000,000

mm3 to cm3 ÷ 103 ÷ 1000

 Area & Volume Conversion Factors

Area Volume

km2 → m2 × 10002 km3 → m3 × 10003

km2 ← m2 ÷ 10002 km3 ← m3 ÷ 10003

m2 → cm2 × 1002 m3 → cm3 × 1003

m2 ← cm2 ÷ 1002 m3 ← cm3 ÷ 1003

cm2 → mm2 × 102 cm3 → mm3 × 103

cm2 ← mm2 ÷ 102 cm3 ← mm3 ÷ 103
 Convert 0.5 m2 to square centimetres.

If I forget the conversion factors,

I can sketch this area as a simple rectangle and
convert the lengths.

50 cm 0.5 m

1m
100 cm

50 × 100 = 5000 cm2

 Convert 0.27 m2 to square centimetres.

If I forget the conversion factors,

I can sketch this area as a simple rectangle and
convert the lengths.

27 cm 0.27 m

1m
100 cm

27 × 100 = 2700 cm2

 Find the area of these shapes in the given units.
5m

3 cm 5m

5 cm
= cm2
= mm2

= km2
70 cm = m2
1.1 km
1.2 m
= cm2
600 m
= m2
 Find the area of these shapes in the given units.
5m

3 cm 5m

5 cm
= 250,000 cm2
= 1500 mm2

= 0.33 km2
70 cm = 330,000 m2
1.1 km
1.2 m
= 8400 cm2
= 0.84 m2
Answers 600 m
 Find the volume of these shapes in the given units.
2m
6 cm 40 cm

4 cm
3m

8 cm = cm3
= mm3

55 cm
= cm3

120 m
8m
150 m
= cm3
140 m
2.4 m = m3
 Find the volume of these shapes in the given units.
2m
6 cm 40 cm

4 cm
3m

8 cm = 2,400,000 cm3
= 192,000 mm3

55 cm
= 1.26 × 1010 cm3

120 m
8m
150 m
= 10,560,000 cm3
140 m
2.4 m = 10.56 m3 Answers
a) 5 cm2 = 500 mm2 g) 3 cm3 = 3000 mm3
b) 2.4 m2 = 24,000 cm2 h) 250 mm3 = 0.25 cm3
c) 8800 mm2 = 88 cm2 i) 0.4 m3 = 400,000 cm3
d) 0.5 km2 = 500,000 m2 j) 650,000 cm3 = 0.6 m3
e) 200,000 m2 = 0.2 km2 k) 0.0022 km3 = 2,2 m3
f) 0.005 km2 = 50 cm2 l) 0.09 m3 = 90,000 mm3

a) 5 cm2 = 500 mm2
b) 2.4 m2 = 24,000 cm2
c) 8800 mm2 = 88 cm2
d) 0.5 km2 = 500,000 m2
e) 200,000 m2 = 0.2 km2
f) 0.005 km2 = 50,000,000 cm2
Answers
g) 3 cm3 = 3000 mm3
h) 250 mm3 = 0.25 cm3
i) 0.4 m3 = 400,000 cm3
j) 650,000 cm3 = 0.65 m3
k) 0.0022 km3 = 2,200,000 m3
l) 0.09 m3 = 90,000,000 mm3
PLENARY