CHAPTER 4

Analysis of Stresses
 Introduction
Assumptions :
• Concrete is a homogeneous elastic material.
• Within the range of working stresses, both
concrete and steel behave elastically.
• A plane section before bending is assumed to
remain plane even after bending.
 Introduction
• Stages in Prestressing :
1. Initial Stage :
During tensioning and transferring.
2. Final Stage/Service Stage :
Application of Loads.
3. Intermediate Stage :
Handling , Transportation and Erection.
• Assumptions The analysis of members under flexure considers the
following.
• 1) Plane sections remain plane till failure (known as Bernoulli’s
hypothesis).
• 2) Perfect bond between concrete and prestressing steel for bonded
tendons.
• Principles of Mechanics The analysis involves three principles of
mechanics.
• 1) Equilibrium of internal forces with the external loads. The compression
in concrete (C) is equal to the tension in the tendon (T). The couple of C
and T are equal to the moment due to external loads.
• 2) Compatibility of the strains in concrete and in steel for bonded
tendons. The formulation also involves the first assumption of plane
section remaining plane after bending. For unbonded tendons, the
compatibility is in terms of deformation.
• 3) Constitutive relationships relating the stresses and the strains in the
materials.
 Analysis at Transfer and at Service

• 1) Based on Stress concept(Approach).

• 2) Based on Strength/Force concept(Approach).
• 3) Based on Load balancing concept (Approach).
• Initial Stage :
Only prestressing force :
Service Stage :
 Types of Analysis
• Stress Approach :
The equilibrium equations are as follows.
C =T
• Load Balancing Approach :
• Strength Approach :
Pressure line/ Thrust line :
At any given section of a prestress concrete
member , the combined effect of prestressing
force and externally applied load will result in
a distribution of concrete stresses that can be
resolved into single force.
The locus of the points of application of
this resultant force at any section is termed as
“Pressure Line” or “Thrust Line” or “C-Line.”