Fluid and Turbo Machinery Laboratory.

S. Y. Mechanical Engineering.

Experiment No:
Reciprocating Compressor

Roll No:

Date of Conducted :

Date of Submitted :

Signature of Invigilator :

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajaramnagar.
 Fluid and Turbo Machinery Laboratory.
S. Y. Mechanical Engineering.

Reciprocating Compressor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajaramnagar.
 Fluid and Turbo Machinery Laboratory.
S. Y. Mechanical Engineering.

EXPERIMENT NO: -
TITLE: - Trial on reciprocating air compressor

AIM: - To study & conduct trial on reciprocating air compressor

OBJECTIVES: - 1. To find out volumetric & isothermal efficiency of reciprocating air

compressor.

2. Plot graph of: - a) Volumetric Efficiency V/S Delivery pressure.

b) Isothermal efficiency V/S Delivery pressure.

THEORY:-

Air compressor is a machine to compress air to raise its temp. The compressor sucks air
from atmosphere, and compress it & then delivers a same under high pressure storage vessel.

The compressed air is used many applications such as for operating pneumatic drills
,riveters, wood drill, paint sparing in starting of supercharging jet engines& air motors etc. A
large nu. Of compressor are used in chemical industries like fertilization parts, refrigeration
industry work on compressor only.

Two stage compressor consist of two cylinder ,piston, inlet & outlet valves is as shown
in fig .during the downward motion of piston ( inlet & outlet valves) pressure inside the
cylinder falls below the atmospheric pressure & inlet valve get opened due to pressure
difference ,The air is taken cylinder until the piston riches bottom dead centre .as the piston
stars the moving upwards, the inlet valve get closed& pressure inside cylinder is connected to
high pressure cylinder .At the end of delivery stroke small air at high pressure is left in cylinder
below atom. Pressure& cycle is repeated from low press. Cylinder where again with same
procedure pressure get developed then finally it is discharged to receive tank of compressed air.

TEST RIG: -

Air compressor, air box, with orifice manometer with wattmeter.

AIR COMPRESSOR SPECIFICATION: -

Model: ELGI TC 200

Reciprocating two types
Air cooled with intercooling
Free air delivered = 1531 rpm
Working pressure = 12 kgf /cm2

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajaramnagar.
 Fluid and Turbo Machinery Laboratory.
S. Y. Mechanical Engineering.

AIR COMPRESSOR SPECIFICATION:-

Manufacturer: ELGI Equipment’s limited. Coimbatore

Model type: - TC -200

Tank capacity: - 0.160 m3

Delivery pressure:-12 kg/cm2

Compressor inlet: - 1.5 kW

Capacity: 8.2 m3/hr.

Comp.sr. no. 1843

Tested pressure: 19 kg/cm2

PROCEDURE:-

1. Record the atmospheric temp. first

2. Start the comp.
3. Check for delivery pressure reading .It should read zero. otherwise open the pressure
relief valve
4. Closed pressure relief valve if required
5. When delivery pressure gauge shown 1 kg/cm2, note down manometer reading,
wattmeter reading.
6. When delivery press. Shown 2 kg/cm2 repeat the above reading up to 5 kg/cm2
7. Stop the compressor
8. Release air from storage tank to atmosphere. Close pressure relief valve.

OBSERVATIONS:-

1. Low pressure cylinder diameter D = 0.07 m

2. High pressure cylinder diameter D =0.05 m
3. Diameter of compressor pulley Dc = 0.3 m
4. Dia. Of motor pulley Dm = 0.125 m
5. Dia. Of orifice (d) = 0.01 m
6. Coefficient of discharge (Cd) = 0.65

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajaramnagar.
 Fluid and Turbo Machinery Laboratory.
S. Y. Mechanical Engineering.
7. Motor efficiency = 90 %
8. Belt Efficiency = 80%
9. Motor speed (Nm) 1400rpm
a) No. of phases =3
b) Power = 1.5 kw
c) Multiplying factor of wattmeter=2 per phase * 3 phases = 6
10. Absolute pressure = 1 *105 N/m2
11. Room Temperature =
12. Stroke length = 85 mm 0.085 m

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Wattmeter
Sr.no. Delivery pressure (P2)Kg/cm2 Manometer Reading in CM reading
(Watt)
Gauge Absolute X1 X2 X=
press.(Kg/cm2) press.(Kg/cm2) |x1-x2|
1

CALCULATION: -

 Volumetric Efficiency = Actual volume / Theoretical volume

Vact. = Cd* a* √ (2*g* hair)

A= area of orifice, Diameter of orifice = 10mm

 Theoretical Volume := Vth = 3.14 *D2*L*Nc

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajaramnagar.
 Fluid and Turbo Machinery Laboratory.
S. Y. Mechanical Engineering.
Nc =Speed of compressor = (Dm* Nm)/Dc
Nc = 0.125*1400/0.3 = 9.72 rps
Vth = 3.14 * (0.07)2*0.085*9.722
Vth = m3/sec
 Isothermal Efficiency = Isothermal power/ Actual power *100
Isothermal power = P1 (abs) * Vth* Log e (p2 (abs)/p1 (abs) = watt.
 Actual power = Wattmeter reading * Multiplying factor* motor efficiency* Belt
efficiency

RESULT TABLE:-

Absolute Actual Theoretical Actual

Volumetric Isothermal Isothermal
Sr.no. press. volume Volume power
2 3 3 efficiency power (W) Efficiency
Kg/cm M M (W)
1

CONCLUSION:-

1. From above result we plot graph of volumetric efficiency v/s delivery pressure & it is
concluded that volumetric efficiency of reciprocating compressor is changing as delivery
pressure increases. This is due to manual error
2. Also from graph of isothermal efficiency v/s delivery pressure, it is observed that as
absolute delivery pressure increases isothermal efficiency goes on increasing in nonlinear
Manner.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajaramnagar.