LESSON-3

EXAMPLE AND EXERCISE ON LESSON-1 AND LESSON-2

Example-1: - A block of Carbon-12 contains 4.2mol Particles. Calculate:
a) The number of particles in the block
b) The mass of the block
c) The mass of each carbon-12 atom
Solution:-
 Molar mass of pure carbon is 12gram = 1.2X kg
23
 NA = Avogadro number = 6.02X10 Particle/mole
a) N = nNA
N = 4.2moleX6.02X1023particle/mole
N = 2.5X1024Particles
b) m = nM
m = 4.2X1.2X
m= 0.05kg

c) mp(mass of single atom) = =

mp = 2.0X10-26kg
Example-2:- Imagine ammonia gas expanding rapidly within a cylinder forcing a
frictionless piston to move a distance of 5cm, as shown in the fig. The process is isobaric,
that is, the pressure of the gas remains constant, at 130Kpa. The mass of the gas is
650mg and the area of the piston in contact with the gas is 3X10-3m2. What happens to
the temperature of the gas? (Specific heat capacity of ammonia at constant pressure =
2.2KJ/KgK)
Solution:-
 Rapid or quick process is adiabatic process ,because it is rapid process
so no transfer of thermal energy
 Use first law of thermodynamics
= +P
= A = 3X m2 X 5X m = 1.5X m3
= zero, because it is adiabatic process
= 130X103paX 1.5X m3
= 19.5J, but it should be negative because the gas expands, that
is, energy transferred from the system to the
environment.
= -19.5J
= -19.5J, but = mc
= =

= -14K that is the temperature of the gas decrease by 14K or

by140C
Example-3: - A lump of lead with mass 0.5Kg is dropped from a height of 20m onto a hard
surface. It does not rebound but remains there at rest for a longer period of time.
What are:-
a) b) c) for the lead during this period of time
d) What is the temperature change in the lead immediately after the
impact? (Specific heat capacity of lead = 128KJ/KgK)
Solution: - For question (a) up to question (c)
 A longer period of time is to mean the process is isothermal process
that is the temperature is constant and this is to mean no change in
internal energy.
So = 0 answer for question c)
 use first law of thermodynamic
= +
0= + mgh
0= + 0.5kgX 10m/sec2X20m
0= +100J
So = 100J answer for question b)
0= +100J
So = -100J answer for question a)
For question d), the process is adiabatic because the question is
immediately after the impact (rapid process)
 use first law of thermodynamic
= +
= 100J
= mc
= =

= 0.002K
Homework or Activity from entrance exam.
1. Two bodies that are separately in thermal equilibrium with third body must be in
thermal equilibrium with each other. This statement is statement of:
a) The first law of thermodynamics.
b) The zeroth law of thermodynamics.
c) The second law of thermodynamics.
d) The third law of thermodynamics.
2. If the internal energy of the system decreases, then what can be concluded about
the heat and the work done?
a) Heat is added to the system and work is done by the system
b) Heat is removed from the system and work is done by the system.
c) Heat is removed from the system and work is done on the system.
d) Heat is added to the system and work is done on the system.
3. If a thermodynamic system undergoes a process in which its internal energy
increased by 400J while doing 200J of work on its surrounding, then what is the
energy absorbed in or extracted from it in the form of heat?
a) -600J b) -200J c) 600J d) 200J
4. The direction of heat flow is from:
a) High temperature to low temperature.
b) High pressure to low pressure.
c) High density to low density.
d) A point of higher emissivity to lower one.
5. External force of 220N applied on a piston of a cylinder containing 1.25g of
ammonia gas move 10cm as shown in the diagram below. Assuming adiabatic
process, what is the rise in temperature of the gas? ( specific heat capacity of
ammonia, C = 2200J/KgK)

F =220N

10cm
a) 4K b) 0.008K c) 0.004K d) 8K