PRESIDENT’S OFFICE

REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

FORM SIX JOINT EXAMINATION
IRINGA, NJOMBE AND MBEYA REGION
PHYSICS 1
131/1
TIME: 3 Hours Wednesday, 07th /10/2020 a.m.
Instructions
1. This paper consists of ten (10) questions with section A and B
2. Answer all questions from section A and two (2) questions from section B
3. Marks for each questions or part thereof are indicated.
4. Mathematical tables and non-programmed calculators may be used.
5. Write your examination number on every page of your answer booklet(s).
6. The following information may be useful;
a) Acceleration due to gravity, 𝑔 = 9.8 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 .
b) Boltzmann constant, 𝐾 = 1.38 × 10−23 𝐽𝐾 −1 .
c) Molar ratio, Ɣ = 1.4.
d) Solar constant = 1.4 𝐾𝑊𝑚−2
e) Specific heat capacity of water, 4200 𝐽𝑘𝑔−1
f) Speed of light, C=3 × 108 𝑚⁄𝑠
g) Thermal conductivity of Aluminium =20 𝑊𝑚−1 𝐾 −1
h) Thermal conductivity of copper = 400𝑊𝑚−1 𝐾 −1
i) Thermal conductivity of iron = 40𝑊𝑚−1 𝐾 −1
j) Pie, 𝜋 = 3.14
k) Density of water = 1000𝑘𝑔𝑚−3
l) Charge of electron, 𝑒 = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶
 SECTION A (70 marks)
Answer all questions in this section

1. (a). (i). “Dimension can be treated as algebraic quantities”. Explain this statement.
(02 marks)
1
(ii). Find the dimensions of where the symbols have their usual meaning, hence
√𝜇𝑜 𝜀0
give the physical quantity represented by dimension. (04 marks)
(b). An experiment was done to find acceleration due to gravity 𝑔 using the formula
𝑙
𝑇 = 2𝜋√ where T (periodic time) = 2.22 second, length of the pendulum
𝑔

(𝑙) = 121.5 𝑐𝑚, acceleration due to gravity (g) is 10 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 . Given that the error due to
metre rule is 0.005𝑐𝑚, error due to stopwatch is 0.1 seconds. If the stopwatch loses 2
second on every 4 minutes, determine the error in measurement of acceleration due to
gravity. (04 marks)

2. (a). A rocket moving in free space has a speed of 3.0 × 103 𝑚𝑠 −1 relative to the earth. Its
engines are turned on, and fuel is ejected in a direction opposite the rocket’s motion at speed
of 5.0 × 103 𝑚𝑠 −1relative to the rocket.
(i). What is the speed of rocket relative to the earth once the rocket’s mass of is reduced to
one half of its mass before ignition? (02marks)
(ii). What is the thrust on the rocket if it burns fuel at 0.77 𝐾𝑔𝑠 −1 ? (02marks)

(b). (i). Determine the two possible angles of projection that produce a range of 60 𝑚, if
the initial velocity of projection is 30 𝑚𝑠 −1 . (03marks)
(ii). A ball is projected with a velocity 𝑣 at an angle 𝜃 to the horizontal. It passes
through a vertical point, 𝑦 and horizontal point, 𝑥. If 𝑅 is horizontal range, prove
that;
𝑦 𝑅
tan 𝜃 = ( ) (03 marks)
𝑥 𝑅−𝑥
3. (a). Explain briefly the following concepts,
(i). Water in a bucket whirled in vertical circle does not spill out when whirled fast, but
𝟏
when whirled slowly the water spills out. (0𝟏 𝟐 marks)

𝟏
(ii). The international roads are always banked in the corner. (0𝟏 𝟐 marks)
 (b). (i). A particle moving with S.H.M has a velocity of 1.8 𝑚⁄𝑠 when passing through
its mean position and acceleration at 0.6 m from mean position is 2.4 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 . Find
the amplitude and period of oscillation. (03 marks)
(ii). A particle moving with S.H.M in straight line when the distance of particle from
the position has the values 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 , the corresponding values of velocities are
𝑢1 and 𝑢2 . Show that the frequency of oscillation is given by;
1 𝑢12 −𝑢22
𝑓= √ (04marks)
2𝜋 𝑥22 −𝑥12

4. (a). (i). An artificial satellite revolving around the earth does not need any fuels, on the
other hand the Aeroplane require fuel to fly at a certain height. Why? (02 marks)

(ii). Neptune has two satellite, Nereid which moves in an orbit of radius 5.56 × 106 𝐾𝑚
with a period of 360 days and Triton have a period of 5.887 days. Find the radius
of Triton. (03 marks)

(b). (i). How will you distinguish between hard-boiled egg and raw egg by spinning
each on the table? (01 mark)

(ii). A flywheel has 8 spokes and radius of 30 𝑐𝑚. It is mounted on a fixed axle
and spinning at 2.5 𝑟𝑒𝑣⁄𝑠𝑒𝑐 . A 24 𝑐𝑚 arrow is to be shot parallel to the axle
through the wheel without hitting any of spokes. What minimum speed must the
arrow have? (04 marks)

5. (a). ( i). Tea gets cooled when sugar is added on to it. Why? (01 mark)
(ii). Several cooking utensils for sale are rated at “HIGH” or “LOW” in term of their
thermal efficiency for the following properties:- thermal conductivity, specific heat
capacity, coefficient of expansion and melting point. Explain the thermal ratings
you would observe with respect to each property in purchasing a cooking utensil.
(04 marks)
(b). The resistance of platinum wire varies with temperature 0℃ as measured by constant
volume gas thermometer according to equation; 𝑅𝜃 = 𝑅0 (1 + 800𝛼𝜃 − 𝛼𝜃 2 ),

where 𝛼 is a constant. Calculate the temperature on the platinum scale corresponding to

400℃ on gas scale. (05 marks)
6. (a). (i). The tile floor feels colder than the wooden floor even though both materials are at
the same temperature. Why? (02 marks)
(ii). A composite bar is made of a bar of copper 10𝑐𝑚 long, a bar of iron 8𝑐𝑚 long and
bar of aluminum 12𝑐𝑚 long, all having the same cross section area. If the extreme
ends of the bars are maintained at 100℃ and 10℃ respectively. Find the temperature
at the two junctions. (03 marks)
(b). An ideal gas at 17℃ has a pressure of 760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 and is compressed;
(i). Isothermally, (ii). Adiabatically,
until its volume is halved. Calculate in each case the final pressure and temperature of
the gas. (05 marks)
7. (a). (i). Explain three techniques applicable for improving soil environment for best plant
growth. (03 marks)
(ii). Explain briefly two advantages of windbreaks to plant environment. (02 marks)
(b). Estimate the maximum power available from 10 𝑚2 of solar panels and calculate the
volume of water per second which must pass through, if the inlet and outlet temperatures
are 20℃ and 70℃. Assume the water carries away energy at the same rate as the maximum
available. (05marks)

SECTION B (30 marks)

Answer two (02) questions from this section.
8. (a). State the Kirchhoff’s laws. (02 marks)
(b). Study the figure below then answer the questions that follows;

E D

4V 2Ω

8Ω 6Ω
F C

4Ω

6V 1Ω
A B

(i). How many nodes are there? (02 marks)

(ii). Find the potential difference across 8Ω resistor. (05 marks)
 (c). (i). Why alloys are used for making standard resistance coils? (03marks)
I(ii). Why jockey should not be rubbed against the potentiometer wire? (03 marks)
9. (a). (i). Why are germanium and silicon preferred than other semiconductors? (02 marks)
(ii). In NPN transistor, the collector current is 10𝑚𝐴. If 90% of electrons emitted from
emitter reach the collector. What is the base current? (03 marks)
(b). A silicon diode at a temperature of 300 K has a reverse saturation current of 10−13 𝐴, if
the diode is forward biased with a resulting current of 1𝑚𝐴. Determine;
(i). Voltage across the diode. (03 marks)
(ii). Resistance of the diode. (02 marks)
(c). Determine the output expression for circuit shown below and simplify it using De-
Morgan’s theorem

A ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴+𝐵
B Y (05 marks)
C
D. ̅
𝐷
10. (a). (i). List two properties of operational amplifiers. (02 marks)
(ii). Give four advantages of negative feedback in an op-amp or any type of voltage
amplifier. (02 marks)
(b). (i). Give two advantages of frequency modulation (FM) as compared to amplitude
modulation (AM). (02 marks)
(ii). Calculate the value of output potential 𝑉𝑜 in figure below, if input potential 𝑉𝑖 is
+2.0𝑉.
3kΩ

15kΩ
-

𝑉𝑖 + 𝑉𝑂
-

(03 marks)

(c). (i). List two advantages of digital signal over analogue signal. (02 marks)
(ii). A carrier frequency 800KHz is amplitude modulated by frequencies ranging from
1KHz to 10KHz. What frequency range does each side band cover? (04 marks)