College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

Name: Delos Santos, Guevarra, Marmito & Teredano Date: October 14, 2020
Section: MD 1-Y1-2 Group: 9 Score: _________________

EXPERIMENT Differences between Inorganic Compounds

and Organic Compounds

At the end of the course, the student will be able to (1) demonstrate and recognized
organic compounds and their related characteristics; (2) classify the different COURSE
organic compounds based on their properties and their biochemical actions; (3)
OUTCOME
perform chemical reactions involving organic compounds and properly identify
positive chemical reactions; and, (4) understand the importance of organic
compounds.
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
UNIT 1. Understand the difference between inorganic compounds and organic compounds
OUTCOMES based on their physical and chemical properties.

TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Laboratory Experimentation

The student will have to research and answer the different procedures in the experiment
worksheet. Provide rationale behind the results of each procedure.

PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE

The work area of the experiment should be sterilized. The student should wear proper personal
protective equipment before the experiment (laboratory gown, eye protector, hair net, laboratory mask,
and gloves). The student should be familiar to the chemicals and laboratory procedures involve in every
laboratory experiments so that proper handling will be observed. First aid treatment and safety facilities
should be in noted by the faculty before the start of any procedure.

Attentiveness is NECESSARY. DO NOT play with the chemicals! Follow the procedure as
instructed and follow the proper disposal of the chemicals.

*Note that this phase is not applicable since we are having laboratory classes virtually.

1|CHEM111 LABORATORY MANUAL

College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

To achieve this unit, the learner must:

UNIT
OUTCOMES 1. Understand the difference between inorganic compounds and organic compounds
ANALYTICAL PHASE
based on their physical and chemical properties.

Materials

Acetone Alcohol lamp

Distilled Water Barium chloride
Benzoic acid Chloroform
Diluted hydrochloric acid Ethanol
Evaporating dish Naphthalene crystals
Potassium chloride Silver nitrate
Sodium Test tubes

Procedure

I. Physical Properties

1. Melting Point
Tube 1 – Inorganic Tube 2 – Organic
Add few crystals of sodium chloride Add few crystals of benzoic acid
Heat the tubes simultaneously.
Observation:
On my own observation Benzoic acid dissolves faster than Sodium chloride. The
melting time of Sodium Chloride is 1 minute and 49 seconds, while the Benzoic acid is 1
minute and 20 seconds. The solubility of benzoic acid in water is increased by
increasing temperature since benzoic acid is poorly soluble in cold water.

SOURCE:
2.12: Intermolecular Forces. (2019, September 3). Retrieved October 14, 2020, from
Chemistry LibreTexts website:
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Nassau_Community_College/Organic_Chemistry_I_and
_II/02%3A_Structure_and_Properties_of_Organic_Molecules/
2.12%3A_Intermolecular_Forces

2. Solubility in Water
Tube 1 – Inorganic Tube 2 – Organic
Add few crystals of sodium chloride Add few crystals of naphthalene
Then add 2 mL of water crystals
Then add 2 mL of water

Mix the content of the tubes.

Observation:

CHEM111 LABORATORY MANUAL |2

 College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

To achieve this unit, the learner must:

UNIT
OUTCOMES 1. Understand the difference between inorganic compounds and organic compounds
based on their physical and chemical properties.

In Tube 1 which contains the few crystals of sodium chloride and a 2

mL of water, the solute which is the sodium chloride dissolves in the
water which acts as the solvent while in Tube 2, that contains crystals
of naphthalene crystals and a 2 mL of water, the naphthalene does not
dissolve in water and remained as solid substance.

In this experiment, the water acts as the solvent of the two substance
which are the sodium chloride and naphthalene. Water is known as the
universal solvent, while sodium chloride is an example of ionic
compound which is soluble in water that is why when the sodium
chloride is mixed with the water, it dissolves because inorganic
compounds are known for being polar substances and called
hydrophilic or water loving. On the other side, naphthalene is an
organic compound which is a non-polar substance that is why it does
not dissolve in water and known as hydrophobic or water fearing.

SOURCE:
Inorganic Compounds. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.cliffsnotes.com website:
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/anatomy-and-physiology/anatom
y-and-chemistry-basics/inorganic-compounds

3. Solubility in Organic Solvent

Tube 1 – Inorganic Tube 2 – Organic
Add few crystals of sodium chloride Add few crystals of naphthalene
Then add 2 mL of benzene crystals
Then add 2 mL of benzene
Mix the content of the tubes.
Observation:
In Tube 1 has few crystals of sodium chloride and 2 mL of benzene.
While in Tube 2, that has few crystals of Naphthalene crystals and 2
mL of benzene. In the mixture of Sodium chloride and benzene,
benzene is not a polar solvent since it held by covalent bonds. Since
water is a polar solvent, then by virtue of Sodium chloride being an
ionic compound it will dissolve in the polar solvent water, but will not
dissolve in benzene. While in the mixture of naphthalene crystals and
benzene, after Naphthalene is added to benzene, benzene freezes at a
much lower temperature. Naphthalene is a chemical used for making
commercial products such as lubricant, insecticide, solvents and resin.
The substance comes in a solid form but can be easily converted to gas

3|CHEM111 LABORATORY MANUAL

College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

To achieve this unit, the learner must:

UNIT
OUTCOMES 1. Understand the difference between inorganic compounds and organic compounds
based on their physical and chemical properties.

or liquid.

SOURCES:

Freezing Point Depression - Colligative Property -. (2014, April 6).

Retrieved October 11, 2020, from Surfguppy - Chemistry made easy for
visual learners’ website:
https://surfguppy.com/colligative-property/colligative-property-freezing-
point-depression/

Why is sodium chloride insoluble in benzene, but soluble in water? - Quora.

(n.d.). Retrieved October 11, 2020, from www.quora.com website:
https://www.quora.com/Why-is-sodium-chloride-insoluble-in-benzene-but-
soluble-in-water

4. Volatility
Evaporating dish 1 – Inorganic Evaporating dish 2 – Organic
Add five drops of water Add five drops of ethanol
Let it dry for 10 minutes.
Observation:
In evaporating dish 1 that contains five drops of water took much
time to dry while in evaporating dish 2 that contains five drops of
ethanol is faster to dry. Therefore, ethanol evaporates much faster than
water.

Volatility is a material quality which describes how a substance

vaporizes. In my observation, ethanol is more volatile than water.
Ethanol has a lower heat of evaporation and is able to carry away more
heat from the dish compared to water. In addition, ethanol has a more
loosely bound molecules while the molecules in water are strongly
bound together and it is hard for other individual molecules to scatter
from the bound.

SOURCES:

Chemistry 102 - Experiment 4. (n.d.). Retrieved October 11, 2020, from

home.miracosta.edu website: http://home.miracosta.edu/dlr/102exp4.html

CHEM111 LABORATORY MANUAL |4

 College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

To achieve this unit, the learner must:

UNIT
OUTCOMES 1. Understand the difference between inorganic compounds and organic compounds
based on their physical and chemical properties.

Volatility of a Liquid – The Alcohol Pharmacology Education Partnership.

(n.d.). Retrieved from https://sites.duke.edu/apep/module-4-alcohol-and-
the-breathalyzer-test/biology-and-chemistry-connections/volatility-of-a-
liquid/

II. Chemical Properties:

1. Combustibility
Evaporating dish 1 – Inorganic Evaporating dish 2 – Organic
Add 3 drops of diluted hydrochloric Add 3 drops of acetone
acid
Ignite the 2 liquids.
Observation:
On my own observation acetone is faster to evaporate than
hydrochloric acid. Acetone has the weakest intermolecular forces, so it
evaporated most quickly.

SOURCE:
Hydrochloric Acid and Acetone Lab Report - 1220 Words | Bartleby.
(2020). Retrieved October 14, 2020, from Bartleby.com website:
https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Hydrochloric-Acid-And-Acetone-Lab-
Report-F3UM94VZAEPF

2. Decomposition
Tube 1 – Inorganic Tube 2 – Organic
Add a pinch of potassium chloride Add a pinch of benzoic acid
Heat the test tube simultaneously until one undergoes decomposition.
Observation:
In Tube 1, a pinch of potassium chloride that is exposed to heat is harder to
decompose while the Tube 2 that has a pinch of benzoic acid is easier to decompose.

Potassium chloride is an inorganic compound that is why it is harder to decompose.

Inorganic compounds are commonly consisting of heavy metals and toxic elements in
pure form or combined with other elements. In that case, potassium chloride contains
potassium salts. Potassium chloride is a compound that exists primarily in solid phase
but after being exposed to high heat or temperature it became in liquid phase that is
soluble in water. The exposure of potassium chloride to a higher temperature results to
its break down, releasing oxygen gas and leaving behind a thermally stable solid
5|CHEM111 LABORATORY MANUAL
College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

To achieve this unit, the learner must:

UNIT
OUTCOMES 1. Understand the difference between inorganic compounds and organic compounds
based on their physical and chemical properties.

residue of an ionic potassium compound. While benzoic acid is an organic compound

that is why it is easier to decompose. The exposure to heat of an organic
compound beyond a certain temperature leads to its decomposition since its chemical
bonds have a limited thermal stability. The thermal decomposition of benzoic acid may
include toxic oxides of carbon that results to the emitting of acrid smoke and irritating
fumes.

SOURCES:

Experiment 4E THE DECOMPOSITION OF POTASSIUM CHLORATE. (n.d.). Retrieved

fromhttps://www.usna.edu/ChemDept/_files/documents/111pdf/2019_Documents/Week_9_-
_Exp_4E_KClO3_Decomposition_FA19.pdf

Benzoic Acid MSDS. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.ilpi.com website:

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/benzoic.html

PubChem. (n.d.). Benzoic acid. Retrieved from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov website:

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzoic-acid#section=Autoignition-
Temperature

Moldoveanu, S. C. (2010, January 1). Chapter 1 Introduction (Serban C. Moldoveanu, Ed.).

Retrieved from ScienceDirect website:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167924409028017

3. Rate of Chemical Reaction

Tube 1 – Inorganic Tube 2 – Organic
Add 1 mL of silver nitrate Add 1 mL of chloroform
Add 1 mL of barium chloride Add 1 mL of barium chloride
Observed for the precipitate.
Observation:
In Tube 1, 1 mL of Silver Nitrate and 1 mL of Barium Chloride.
While in the Tube 2 1 mL of Chloroform and 1 mL of Barium
Chloride.

Silver nitrate along with solution of Barium Chloride combines to

produce silver chloride precipitate and leads to barium nitrate solution.
This is an ionic reaction because both the reactants are ionic in
character. When Barium Chloride on reaction with Silver Nitrate in
aqueous medium results to give Silver Chloride and Barium Chloride
CHEM111 LABORATORY MANUAL |6
 College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

To achieve this unit, the learner must:

UNIT
OUTCOMES 1. Understand the difference between inorganic compounds and organic compounds
based on their physical and chemical properties.

the charges of all ions and not to split up ions found in solid, liquid or
gaseous compound. Also, when Chloroform and Barium Chloride
combined Barium chloride (BaCl2) will not react with Chloroform
since both have the same anion Cl- hence no reaction. Barium chloride
reacts with sulfuric acid, to form an insoluble white precipitate of
barium sulfate.

SOURCES:

Reaction of barium chloride solution with hydrochloric acid - Brainly.in.

(n.d.). Retrieved October 11, 2020, from brainly.in website:
https://brainly.in/question/10572052

n‌ eedmathhelp. (2013, June 5). Barium Chloride Silver Nitrate. Retrieved

October 11, 2020, from Practice Science With Us website:
https://practicesciencewithus.wordpress.com/2013/06/05/barium-chloride-
silver-nitrate/

POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE

Cleaning and Disposal

Before leaving, the students must do all of the following:

o Returning of materials, chemicals and equipment
o Disposal of wastes materials.
o Disinfection of the working area
o The PPE of each individual should be removed properly. These cannot be exposed outside the
laboratory premises.
o Disposal of chemicals reaction residues in the experiment in their proper container or as
instructed by the faculty

*Note that this phase is not applicable since we are having laboratory classes virtually.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR PASSING

7|CHEM111 LABORATORY MANUAL

College of Medical Laboratory Science | OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

To achieve this unit, the learner must:

UNIT
OUTCOMES 1. Understand the difference between inorganic compounds and organic compounds
based on their physical and chemical properties.

Outcome To achieve each outcome, the learner must

demonstrate the ability to:
To achieve this unit, the learner must: a. Research and record the appropriate products
1. Understand the difference between of the different test reactions.
inorganic compounds and organic
compounds based on their physical and
chemical properties.

Members:
Guevarra, Arravila Leah – Physical Property 1 and Chemical Property 1
Teredano, Glyzza Isabel T. – Physical Property 2 and Chemical Property 2
Delos Santos, Ma. Sofia Isabella M. – Physical Property 3 and Chemical Property 3
Marmito, Christine Ysabel O. – Physical Property 4 and Compilation

CHEM111 LABORATORY MANUAL |8