ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level

MARKING SCHEME

JUNE 2005 SESSION

CHEMISTRY 9189/4
1. (a) diffusion: Any correct example;
Region of high concentration → region of low
concentration; (passive process)

active transport: correct example;

Region of low concentration → region of high concentration;
Uses energy / ATP from respiration; [5]

(b) (i) ester linkage;

complete structure;

(ii) large hydrophobic tails (R1 and R2) insoluble / slight

solubility due to polar phosphate (AW);

(iii) hydrophilic head attracted to water + hydrophobic tail;

Formation of micelles / lipid layer on surface; [5]
a diagram

2. (a) (i) pH 2 is acidic / [H+] high;

Amino group protonated;
A correct diagram of the protonated amino acid [2]

(ii)

[2]

(iii) Zwiterionic / diagram; pH value required [2]

(iv) At isoelectric point serine will not move;

 At a pH below the isoelectric point serine will move
towards the cathode (vise versa); [2]
(b) double bond can be delocalized / structure to show this;

CN bond semi-rigid; [2]

3. (a) (i)
DNA RNA
bases T U ;
pairing T = A U=A ;
deoxyribose sugar ribose sugar;

(ii) mRNA + tRNA+ rRNA ; (at least 2 RNAs)

correct role(s) ; (1 mark if 2 RNAs and
correct roles given)

DNA - contain genes / code for protein synthesis;

- unwinding and formation of mRNA / base
pairing (AW); [4]
 (b)

Check C – G – T – C ;
Correct base pairing / H-bonds;
Double antiparallel strand;

Nucleotide P
|
S ─ Base
|
P [3]

4. (a) (i) NO2 / O3 / PAN / photochemical smog; [1]

Primary pollutant emitted directly into the atmosphere
whereas secondary pollutant is produced by reactions in
the atmosphere; [1]

(ii) Natural processes e.g. respiration releases CO 2;

H+(aq) lowers pH to about 5.6; [1]

(b) (i) coal; [1]

 (ii) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2SO3(g);
SO3(g) +H2O(g) → H2SO4(g);
SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq);
2SO2(g) + H2O(l) + O2(g) → 2H2SO4;

(iii) NO2 + SO2 → SO3 + NO;

NO + ½ O2 → NO2, SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
H+ from H2SO4 / H2SO3 lowers pH; [1]
[Total : 10]

5. (a) Bacterial action / dinitrification;

N2O + O → 2NO; [1]

Lightning; [1]
N2 + O2 → 2NO/ [1]
NO + O3 → NO2 + O2; [1]

High temperature in combustion engines; [1]

N2 + O2 → 2NO; [1]

(b) (i) Nitrates are highly soluble; [1]

(ii) bacterial action; [1]

e.g. some compounds like urea decompose to give NH3;
[1]
+
alkaline soil release NH3 from HN 4; [1]
[Total : 10]

6. (a) (i) Leachate / formation of black liquid; [1]

contains organic matter and hazardous metal ions; [1]
products landfill gases like H2S / CH4; [1]
gases could be explosive or give unpleasant smell; [1]
CH4 enhances greenhouse effect; [1]

(ii) Incineration could be used; [1]

temperature must be carefully controlled to prevent
formation of dioxins; [1]
(Accept any reasonable alternative)
(b) Ion exchange; [1]
pollutant cations are held to resin; [1]
precipitation of pollutant ions
e.g. Al3+ ions as Al(OH)3(s); [1]
Or
Formation of complexes; [4 max 3]
e.g. - ; Any 2
[Total : 10]

7. (a) Triple point – pint where three phases are in eqm / solid,
liquid + vapour in eqm;

Critical point – when liquid + vapour seize to be distinct; [2]

(b) (i)

axes;
slope of solid / liquid;
triple point + critical points shown;
all areas labeled;

(ii) - CO2 has positive gradient / water has negative gradient;

- water expands when solidifying; [6]

(c) - liquid CO2 only exists above 5.1 atm;

- when pressures released CO2(s) sublimes; [2]
8. (a)

Axes;
Labeled areas; [2]

(b) (i) - difference in texture easily felt; (AW)

(ii) - counterfeits difficult to make; (AW) [2]

(c) (i) - Atomic radii Cu – 0.117 nm

Ni – 0.115 nm
Sn – 0.162 nm /or in words;

- metallic bond in Cu / Ni is similar to that in pure

substances;

(ii) Cu/Ni similar sized grains / Cu/Sn different sized

grains; [3]

(d) - corrosion resistant;

- attractive;
- cheap; (Any 3) [3]
9. (a) - diagram of TLC (AW);
- separation / analysis due to difference in solubility
between mobile and stationary phase;
- identified by Rf values or using standards; [3]

(b) - Electrophoresis used; / can be earned on diagram;

- separation according to m/e ratio;
- results compared against standards; [4]
 (c) - perfume extracted by solvent extraction;
- like dissolves like;
- removed from solvent by steam distillation;
- separated using separating funnel; [4 max 3]

10. (a) (i) [CuCl 4]3- - correct shape;

Coordination number = 4 .∙. Tetrahedral;

(ii) [FeF5 (H2O)]2- - correct shape;

Coordination number = 6 .∙. Octahedral;

(iii) [Co(NH2(H2)2NH2)F2]+ - correct shape;

(Coordination number = 6) (Mark already given above)
.∙. Octahedral [5]

(b) L: → Mn+ / dative band; [1]

ligand supplies alone pair of electrons to an empty / partly filed
orbital on metal ion; [1]

(c) Ni[NH2(CH2)2NH2)3]2+ more stable than [Ni(NH3)6]2+ (AW);

[1]

NH3 monodentate
NH2 (CH2) 2 NH2 bidentate; [1]

Chelating effect of bidentate ligands stabilizes complexes [1]

11. (a) Cu2+ (aq) + 4Cl- ↔ [CuCl 4]2- yellow;

NH3 + HCL → NH4Cl, because of excess HCl; [1]

NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH-; [1]

+
Cu2+ → Cu (OH2)(s)
Pale blue ppt; [1]

Cu(OH)2(s) + 4NH3(aq) [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2OH; [1]

royal blue
Stronger ligand displacing weaker ligand; [1]

Identification of pale blue, Cu(OH) 2; [1]

7 max 6