Received: 10 December 2021 Accepted: 7 April 2022
DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13526
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Influence of the Number of Teeth and Location of the Virtual
Occlusal Record on the Accuracy of the Maxillo-Mandibular
Relationship Obtained by Using An Intraoral Scanner
Marta Revilla-León, DDS, MSD, PhD1,2,3
Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho, DMD, PhD5
Wael Att, DDS, Dr Med Dent, PhD7
1
Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of
Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
2
Kois Center, Seattle, WA
3
Revilla Research Center, Madrid, Spain
4
Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia,
Valencia, Spain
5
Department of Implant Surgery, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University,
Madrid, Spain
6
Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
7
Department of Prosthodontics, Tuff University
School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
8
Private Practice, Seattle, WA
Correspondence
Marta Revilla-León, DDS, MSD, PhD, 1001
Fairview Ave N # 2200, Seattle, WA 98109.
E-mail: marta@koiscenter.com
Funding information
This research did not receive any specific grant
from funding agencies in the public, commercial,
or not-for-profit sectors.
J. Prosthodont. 2023;32:253–258.
Jorge Alonso Pérez-Barquero, DDS4
Abdul B. Barmak, MD, MSc, EdD6
John C. Kois, DDS, MSD1,2,8
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the influence of the number of teeth (2, 3, or 4) and location (molars,
molar and premolar, or premolars and canines) of the bilateral virtual occlusal record
on the accuracy of the virtual maxillo-mandibular relationship acquired by an intraoral
scanner (IOS).
Material and methods: Diagnostic casts mounted on a semi-adjustable articulator
were obtained. Four markers were adhered on the facial surfaces of the first molars
and canines. The mounted casts were digitized using an extraoral scanner. Maxillary
and mandibular intraoral digital scans were obtained using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS
4). The maxillary and mandibular digital scans were duplicated 105 times and divided
into 7 groups based on the number of teeth (2, 3, or 4) and location (molar, molar and
premolar, or premolars and canines) of the bilateral virtual occlusal records (n = 15).
The alignment of the scans was automatically performed after the acquisition of the
corresponding occlusal records by the IOS program. Eight linear distances between the
gauge balls were computed on the reference scan and on the 105 digital scans. The
distances obtained on the reference scan were used to calculate the discrepancies with
the distances obtained on each experimental scan. The Shapiro-Wilk test showed that
the data was normally distributed. The trueness and precision data were analyzed using
2-way ANOVA followed by pairwise comparison Tukey tests (α = 0.05).
Results: Two-way ANOVA showed that the number of teeth (p < 0.001) and the posi-
tion of the virtual occlusal record (p < 0.001) were significant factors on the accuracy of
the maxillo-mandibular relationship. Tukey test showed significant overall mean differ-
ences between the different groups tested: the 4-teeth group obtained the highest true-
ness, and the 2-teeth group showed the lowest trueness values (p < 0.001). Tukey test
showed significant trueness differences between the virtual occlusal record locations.
The 2-teeth record located more posteriorly obtained the lowest trueness. Significant
differences in precision values were found among the subgroups tested (p < 0.001).
The 2-teeth group obtained significantly more precision values than the 3- and 4-teeth
groups. Additionally, there was a significant difference in precision values between the
subgroup tested in which the first molar and second premolar location had the highest
precision, while the first and second premolar’s location obtained the lowest precision.
Conclusions: The number of teeth and the location of the bilateral virtual occlusal
record influenced the accuracy of the virtual maxillo-mandibular relationship obtained
by the intraoral scanner tested. The more teeth included in the bilateral virtual occlusal
record, the higher the accuracy of the maxillo-mandibular relationship. Additionally,
wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jopr © 2022 by the American College of Prosthodontists. 253
 1532849x, 2023, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopr.13526 by Universitat de Barcelona, Wiley Online Library on [24/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
254 REVILLA-LEÓN ET AL

the more anteriorly located the virtual bilateral occlusal record involving 2 or 3 teeth
was, the higher the accuracy mean value.

KEYWORDS
Intraoral digital scan, virtual occlusal records, virtual articulator, virtual patient

Digital occlusal records obtained by using intraoral scan-
ners (IOSs) are an integral part of the digital workflow for
fabricating dental prostheses. Dental literature has analyzed
the accuracy of the virtual interocclusal records reporting
an adequate reproduction of the maxillo-mandibular occlusal
contacts.1–12 However, differing characteristics of the vir-
tual occlusal records such as the position in the dental arch,
dimensions, and number the occlusal record sections, and the
extension (quadrant or complete-arch) of the intraoral digital
scans can affect the maxillo-mandibular relationship of the
virtual diagnostic casts mounted on the virtual articulator.5,10
A previous in vitro study showed that the combination of
bilateral virtual occlusal records with a dimension of 10 ×
15 mm obtained a better 3-dimensional (3D) spatial position
of the mandibular cast in reference to its corresponding max-
illary cast on a virtual articulator.5 However, the influence of
tooth type and number of teeth involved in the bilateral virtual
occlusal records on accuracy remains unclear.
The accuracy is measured by trueness and precision.13
Trueness describes the ability of a digitizer to obtain the
maxillo-mandibular relationship by obtaining a bilateral vir-
tual occlusal record as close as possible to its real rela-
tionship, while precision designates the reproducibility of
the maxillo-mandibular relationship by obtaining a bilateral
virtual occlusal record captured under the same scanning
conditions.13
The purpose of the present in vitro study was to assess the
influence of the number of teeth (2, 3, or 4) and the loca-
tion (molars, molar and premolar, or premolars and canines)
of the bilateral virtual occlusal record obtained by using an
IOS (TRIOS 4, wireless, v. 21.2.0; 3Shape A/S) on the accu-
racy of the maxillo-mandibular relationship on the virtual
articulator. The null hypothesis was that there would be
no difference on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of
maxillo-mandibular relationship on the virtual articulator
obtained from virtual occlusal records acquired with different
number of teeth involved and differing locations.
right canines (Fig 1). Then, the mounted diagnostic casts
were digitized by using a laboratory dental scanner (Dental
3D Scanner Medit T500; Identica) following the manufac-
turer’s recommendations. The manufacturer of the laboratory
scanner used reports a scanning accuracy of <7 μm following
the ISO 12836.
Maxillary and mandibular intraoral digital scans were
obtained using an IOS (TRIOS 4, wireless, v. 21.2.0; 3Shape
A/S) following the scanning protocol endorsed by the man-
ufacturer. The IOS device was calibrated before starting and
after every 10 scans following the manufacturer’s protocol.14
Furthermore, the intraoral digital scans were acquired under
1000-lux illumination conditions (LX1330B Light Meter; Dr.
Meter Digital Illuminance) in a room without windows.15,16
All the digital scans were obtained by a prosthodontist (M.R-
L.) with 11 years of previous experience handling IOSs.
The maxillary and mandibular intraoral digital scans were
duplicated 105 times and divided into 3 groups based on the
number of teeth involved: 2 (G2 group), 3 (G3 group), or 4
teeth (G4 group). Additionally, G2 and G3 groups were sub-
divided into 3 subgroups depending on the teeth location of
the bilateral virtual occlusal record (Table 1) (n = 15).
The alignment of the virtual maxillary and mandibular
scans was automatically performed after the acquisition of the
corresponding bilateral virtual occlusal records by the IOS

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Maxillary and mandibular conventional diagnostic stone casts

mounted on a semi-adjustable articulator (Panadent Articula-
tor; Panadent) were obtained. The maxillary and mandibu-
lar diagnostic casts presented with second molar to the
second molar dentition. Subsequently, four 1mm diameter
markers (DentalMark 1.0 mm lead ball; Suremark) were
adhered on each diagnostic cast on the middle third of the F I G U R E 1 Maxillary and mandibular conventional diagnostic stone
buccal surfaces of the left and right first molars and left and cast mounted on a semi-adjustable articulator
 1532849x, 2023, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopr.13526 by Universitat de Barcelona, Wiley Online Library on [24/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
VIRTUAL OCCLUSAL RECORD ACCURACY 255

TA B L E 1 Description of the bilateral virtual occlusal record
characteristics obtained on each experimental group
Location (tooth type
involved) in the maxillary
Group Dimensions and mandibular arch
G2-1 2 teeth bilaterally Right and left second molar
Right and left first molar
G2-2 Right and left first molar
Right and left second premolar
G2-3 Right and left second premolar
Right and left first premolar
G3-1 3 teeth bilaterally Right and left second molar
Right and left first molar
Right and left second premolar
G3-2 Right and left first molar
Right and left first premolar
Right and left second premolar
G3-3 Right and left first premolar
Right and left second premolar
Right and left canine
G4 4 teeth bilaterally Right and left first molar
Right and left second molar
Right and left first premolar
Right and left second premolar
[Correction added on July 4, 2022, after first online publication: For group G3-2, “Right
and left second molar” was changed to “Right and left first molar” in table 1 and under
MATERIAL AND METHODS section]
In the G4 group, the bilateral virtual occlusal record
involved the maxillary and mandibular right and left first
and second molars, first and second premolars, and canines
(Fig 2g).
The STL files were imported into a reverse engineering
software program (Geomagic Control X; 3D Systems). As the
maxillary and mandibular digital scans were already aligned
automatically after obtaining the bilateral virtual occlusal
record by the IOS software program, the maxillary and
mandibular scans were aligned when importing them into the
reverse engineering software program. Eight linear distances
between the centers of the gauge balls were computed on the
reference scan and on the 105 intraoral digital scans using the
same software program (Fig 3). The linear distances obtained
on the reference scan were used to calculate the discrepan-
cies with the linear distances obtained on each experimental
intraoral digital scan.
The Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the data was normally
distributed. The trueness and precision data were analyzed
using 2-way ANOVA followed by post hoc pairwise multiple
comparison Tukey tests (α = 0.05). All the data was analyzed
using a statistical software program (SPSS Statistics v25 for
Windows; IBM Corp.).
RESULTS

software program. Therefore, no manual alignment was per-
formed. Additionally, the scanning protocol of the bilateral
occlusal record recommended by the IOS manufacturer was
followed. The right virtual occlusal record started on the buc-
cal surface of the most posterior maxillary and mandibular
teeth, in a horizontal anterior movement; the data acquisi-
tion finished on the more anterior maxillary and mandibular
teeth included in the record. The same procedure was com-
pleted for the left virtual occlusal record. After the acqui-
sition of both virtual occlusal records of each group, the
post-processing procedures were completed by using the IOS
software program and the aligned maxillary and mandibular
virtual casts were exported in the same x-, y-, and z-axis ori-
entation in standard tessellation language (STL) file format.
In the G2-1 group, the bilateral virtual occlusal record
involved the maxillary and mandibular right and left second
and first molars (Fig 2a). In the G2-2 group, the bilateral vir-
tual occlusal record involved the maxillary and mandibular
right and left first molar and second premolar (Fig 2b). In the
G2-3 group, the bilateral virtual occlusal record involved the
maxillary and mandibular right and left first and second pre-
molars (Fig 2c).
In the G3-1 group, the bilateral virtual occlusal record
involved the maxillary and mandibular right and left first and
second molars and second premolar (Fig 2d). In the G3-2
group, the bilateral virtual occlusal record involved the max-
illary and mandibular right and left first molar and first and
second premolars (Fig 2e). In the G3-3 group, the bilateral
virtual occlusal record involved the maxillary and mandibular
right and left first and second premolars and canine (Fig 2f).
The overall mean ±standard deviation (SD) measurement dis-
crepancies (trueness ±precision) are presented in Table 2.
Regarding the trueness assessment, 2-way ANOVA analy-
sis of variance showed that the number of teeth involved
(G1, G2, and G3 groups) (df = 2, MS = 0.0040, F =
255.29, p < 0.001) and the position of the bilateral virtual
occlusal record (df = 4, MS = 0.0032, F = 203.12, p <
0.001) were significant factors on the accuracy of the maxillo-
mandibular virtual relationship. Additionally, the number of
teeth involved explains the 36.14% of variation in the accu-
racy of the maxillo-mandibular virtual relationship, while
the position of the bilateral virtual occlusal record evalu-
ated explains the 57.05% of variation in the accuracy of the
maxillo-mandibular virtual relationship (Fig 4).
Tukey post hoc multiple pairwise comparison test showed
significant overall measurement discrepancies and mean
value differences among the different groups tested (G1,
G2, and G3 groups). All the groups were significantly dif-
ferent from each other. The G4 group obtained the highest
trueness compared with the remining groups, while the G2
groups obtained the lowest trueness among the groups. Addi-
tionally, Tukey post hoc multiple pairwise comparison test
showed significant overall measurement discrepancies and
mean value differences between the bilateral virtual occlusal
record location. The subgroup G4 obtained the lowest over-
all mean measurement discrepancies compared with the other
subgroups tested, and the G2-1 subgroup obtained the high-
est overall mean measurement discrepancies compared with
the other subgroups tested. The more anteriorly the virtual
bilateral occlusal recorded in the present study, a higher the

256
F I G U R E 2 Representative bilateral virtual occlusal record obtained among the different experimental groups. (a), G2-1 group. (b), G2-2 group. (c),
G2-3 group. (d), G3-1 group. (e), G3-2 group. (f), G3-3 group. (g), G4 group. G2, 2 teeth; G3, 3 teeth; G4, 4 teeth
trueness mean value of the virtual maxillo-mandibular rela-
tionship was obtained.
Regarding the precision evaluation, factorial ANOVA
showed significant differences in overall mean discrepancy
SDs of the three distance groups of teeth and their respec-
tive teeth location subgroups (p < 0.001). Tukey post hoc
test showed that the G2 group had significantly higher pre-
cision mean values than the G3 and G4 groups, but no sig-
nificant difference was shown between G3 and G4 groups.
Additionally, there was a significant difference in precision
values between the subgroup tested in which the first molar
and second premolar location had the highest precision, while
the first and second premolar’s location obtained the lowest
precision.
DISCUSSION
The results of the present study revealed that the number of
teeth and the location of the virtual bilateral occlusal record
F I G U R E 3 (a), Representative linear inter-landmark measurements
on the right quadrants. (b), Representative linear inter-landmark
measurements on the left quadrants
1532849x, 2023, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopr.13526 by Universitat de Barcelona, Wiley Online Library on [24/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
REVILLA-LEÓN ET AL
significantly influenced the accuracy of the virtual maxillo-
mandibular relationship. Therefore, the null hypothesis was
rejected.
Dental literature has previously evaluated the accuracy
of virtual maxillo-mandibular relationships established with
differing virtual occlusal record characteristics acquired by
using IOSs.1–12 However, no previous study assessed if
the number of teeth and location of the virtual bilateral
occlusal record influence the virtual maxillo-mandibular
relationship.1–12 Therefore, comparisons with previous stud-
ies are challenging. This in vitro study obtained higher
accuracy on the virtual maxillo-mandibular relationship when
4-teeth were included in the virtual bilateral occlusal record
compared with those that contained only 2 or 3 teeth. This
might be explained by surface information variations among
the 2-, 3-, and 4-teeth virtual occlusal records that the
IOS software tested uses to establish the virtual maxillo-
mandibular relationship. The greater the amount of sur-
face information available on the virtual occlusal record,
the higher the accuracy on the virtual maxillo-mandibular
relationship outcome. Therefore, it might be recommended
to include at least 4 teeth comprising the virtual bilateral
occlusal record when using the selected IOS system. How-
ever, additional studies are recommended to assess the influ-
ence of bilateral occlusal records involving more than 4 teeth
on the accuracy of the virtual maxillo-mandibular relation-
ship captured using IOSs.
In the present study, when the same number of teeth were
involved in the bilateral occlusal record, the anterior loca-
tions of those records showed better accuracy compared with
posterior locations. This might be also explained by a “tri-
pod” effect during the alignment. The virtual casts might be

VIRTUAL OCCLUSAL RECORD ACCURACY
F I G U R E 4 Trueness evaluation. (a), Boxplot of overall mean measurement discrepancies obtained among the groups tested. (b), Main effects plot for
mean overall measurement discrepancies obtained among the groups tested
TA B L E 2 Trueness and precision mean values computed among the
groups tested. Data provided in millimeters (mm)
Trueness ± precision
(Overall mean ±SD
Group Subgroup measurement discrepancies)
G2 (2 teeth) 1 0.098a ± 0.004b
2 0.073c ± 0.003d
3 0.064d ± 0.002b
G3 (3 teeth) 1 0.079b ± 0.003c
2 0.065d ± 0.002c
3 0.058e ± 0.006a
G4 (4 teeth) 0.053f ± 0.002b
SD, standard deviation.
Trueness values that do not share a letter are significantly different.
Precision values that do not share a letter are significantly different.
better articulated if the surface or contact points contained in
the bilateral virtual record are homogenously distributed on
the arches.
In the present study, the research methodology aimed
to minimize the variables that could influence the vir-
tual maxillo-mandibular relationship outcome. The intraoral
digital scans of the maxillary and mandibular casts were
duplicated, avoiding discrepancies caused by variability
introduced by the intraoral digitalization of the casts. How-
ever, it is important to remember that the virtual maxillary and
mandibular scans used and duplicated were obtained using an
IOS device which might also have introduced scanning dis-
crepancies on the virtual casts and influenced on the results
obtained.
Similarly, the virtual relationship between the digital
maxillary and mandibular diagnostic casts was established
automatically by the IOS software, without any opera-
tor intervention. Although a laboratory dental scanner was
1532849x, 2023, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopr.13526 by Universitat de Barcelona, Wiley Online Library on [24/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
257
selected for obtaining the reference data, all the groups were
assessed using the same methodology. Comparisons could
then be made among the groups, providing valuable data.
Further laboratory and clinical studies are needed to assess
the influence of the number of teeth and location of the vir-
tual occlusal records on the accuracy of the virtual maxillo-
mandibular relationship when different IOS devices and
post-processing procedures are used, and an industrial scan-
ner is selected as a reference output. Furthermore, different
clinical scenarios, such as partial edentulism, might produce
different outcomes when compared with the results of the
present study. Moreover, additional studies are recommended
to assess the accuracy of the maxilla-mandibular relationship
when the alignment of the maxillary and mandibular diagnos-
tic casts is completed using manual and automatic methods.
Additionally, future investigations should evaluate the influ-
ence of the number of teeth and location of the bilateral vir-
tual occlusal record on the accuracy of the virtual maxillo-
mandibular relationship acquired by using extraoral or indus-
trial scanners.
A previous in vitro study assessed the influence of the
number and size of the virtual occlusal records on the vir-
tual maxillo-mandibular relationship.5 Authors compared 3
possible locations (frontal, left lateral, and right lateral)
and 2 differing dimensions (10 × 15 and 25 × 15 mm)
of the occlusal records. The assessment was completed by
comparing the existing physical occlusal contacts and the
determined virtual contacts. The results revealed that the
combination of bilateral virtual occlusal records with a
dimension of 10 × 15 mm obtained the highest accuracy on
the virtual maxillo-mandibular relationship.4 The 10 × 15 and
25 × 15 mm might correspond with the 2- and 3-teeth groups
of the present study, respectively. Contrary to the results of
the present study, the authors reported better accuracy when
using the shortest mesio-distal occlusal record (10 × 15 mm).
However, the virtual occlusal records were obtained with an

258
industrial scanner, not an IOS device. Additionally, the spe-
cific teeth included on the virtual occlusal records assessed is
not described in the methods of that in vitro study. Therefore,
comparisons with the results of the present study are difficult
due to discrepancies in research methodologies and measure-
ment methods.
The manufacturer of the IOS tested in the present study
also provides a computer-aided design (CAD) software pro-
gram for designing different dental devices and prosthe-
ses. However, this CAD software program only allows the
import of one virtual occlusal record, requiring the opera-
tor to choose either the right or left virtual occlusal record.
Therefore, this limitation might need to be analyzed fur-
ther to assess its influence on the virtual maxillo-mandibular
relationship.
The present in vitro study has several limitations including
the laboratory conditions, use of a single IOS device, a com-
pletely dentate scenario, and using dental laboratory scans
as a reference to obtain the reference data. Different mea-
surement methods for obtaining the reference data such as a
coordinate measurement machine (CMM) or an industrial
scanner might result in higher or lower distortions than
the ones obtained in the present study. Additional studies
are required to further comprehend the influence of fac-
tors on the accuracy of the virtual maxillo-mandibular rela-
tionship determined by virtual occlusal records with vary-
ing dimensions, number and type of teeth involved, and
location.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the present in vitro study, the number
of teeth and the location of the bilateral virtual occlusal record
influenced the accuracy (trueness and precision) of the virtual
maxillo-mandibular relationship acquired by using the IOS
tested. Additionally, the virtual occlusal record that included
4 teeth bilaterally obtained the highest maxillo-mandibular
relationship accuracy when compared with virtual occlusal
records that involved 2 or 3 teeth bilaterally. The more ante-
riorly located the virtual bilateral occlusal record involving
2 or 3 teeth was, the higher the accuracy of the maxillo-
mandibular relationship obtained.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors did not have any conflict of interest, financial or
personal, in any of the materials described in this study.
ORCID
Marta Revilla-León, DDS, MSD, PhD https://orcid.org/
0000-0003-2854-1135
Wael Att, DDS, Dr Med Dent, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-
0002-4879-0895
John C. Kois, DDS, MSD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
5022-7567
1532849x, 2023, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopr.13526 by Universitat de Barcelona, Wiley Online Library on [24/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
REVILLA-LEÓN ET AL
REFERENCES
1. Delong R, Ko CC, Anderson GC, et al: Comparing maximum inter-
cuspal contacts of virtual dental patients and mounted dental casts. J
Prosthet Dent 2002;88:622-630
2. Maruyama T, Nakamura Y, Hayashi T, et al: Computer-aided determi-
nation of occlusal contact points for dental 3-D CAD. Med Biol Eng
Comput 2006;44:445-450
3. Jaschouz S, Mehl A: Reproducibility of habitual intercuspation in vivo.
J Dent 2014;42:210-218
4. Solaberrieta E, Otegi JR, Goicoechea N, et al: Comparison of a conven-
tional and virtual occlusal record. J Prosthet Dent 2015;114:92-97
5. Solaberrieta E, Arias A, Brizuela A, et al: Determining the require-
ments, section quantity, and dimension of the virtual occlusal record. J
Prosthet Dent 2016;115:52-56
6. Solaberrieta E, Garmendia A, Brizuela A, et al: Intraoral digital impres-
sions for virtual occlusal records: section quantity and dimensions.
Biomed Res Int 2016;2016:7173824
7. Yee SHX, Esguerra RJ, Chew AAQ, et al: Three-dimensional static
articulation accuracy of virtual models - Part I: system trueness and
precision. J Prosthodont 2018;27:129-136
8. Yee SHX, Esguerra RJ, Chew AAQ, et al: Three-dimensional
static articulation accuracy of virtual models - Part II: effect of
model scanner-CAD systems and articulation method. J Prosthodont
2018;27:137-144
9. Zimmermann M, Ender A, Attin T, et al: Accuracy of buccal scan
procedures for the registration of habitual intercuspation. Oper Dent
2018;43:573-580
10. Edher F, Hannam AG, Tobias DL, et al: The accuracy of virtual
interocclusal registration during intraoral scanning. J Prosthet Dent
2018;120:904-912
11. Abdulateef S, Edher F, Hannam AG, et al: Clinical accuracy
and reproducibility of virtual interocclusal records. J Prosthet Dent
2020;124:667-673
12. Ries JM, Grünler C, Wichmann M, et al: Three-dimensional analysis
of the accuracy of conventional and completely digital interocclusal
registration methods. J Prosthet Dent 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
prosdent.2021.03.005
13. International Organization for Standardization. ISO 5725-1:1994.
Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results
- Part 1: General principles and definitions. https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
#iso:std:iso:5725:-1:ed-1:v1:en Accessed 02-01-20
14. Revilla-León M, Gohil A, Barmak AB, et al: Influence of ambient tem-
perature changes on intraoral scanning accuracy. J Prosthet Dent 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.01.012
15. Revilla-León M, Jiang P, Sadeghpour M, et al: Intraoral digital scans-
Part 1: influence of ambient scanning light conditions on the accuracy
(trueness and precision) of different intraoral scanners. J Prosthet Dent
2020;124:372-378
16. Revilla-León M, Subramanian SG, Özcan M, et al: Clinical study of the
influence of ambient light scanning conditions on the accuracy (true-
ness and precision) of an intraoral scanner. J Prosthodont 2020;29:107-
113
How to cite this article: Revilla-León M, Alonso
Pérez-Barquero J, Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Barmak AB,
Att W, Kois JC. Influence of the Number of Teeth and
Location of the Virtual Occlusal Record on the
Accuracy of the Maxillo-Mandibular Relationship
Obtained by Using An Intraoral Scanner. J
Prosthodont. 2023;32:253–258.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.13526