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Review MODULE – Differential Calculus

Maxima and Minima Applications (Optimization) Parametric Equations
Steps in solving maxima minima problems: 7. Given the parametric equations
STEP 1. Express the quantity to be maximized in terms of a single x = t2 + 5t + 4 and y = 4t
variable function. Solve for the slope when t = 0.
STEP 2. Differentiate the function determined in 1 and set the derivative
equal to zero. 8. Find the equations of the tangent line and the normal line of the curve
STEP 3. Solve for values of the variable and check if they maximize or at the point indicated
minimize the quantity. x = 3t - t2 and y = 2t3/2 @ t = 1/4
Curvature
1. The product is 185 and the sum is a minimum. In rectangular form: In parametric form:
| |
2. An offshore oil well is 2 kilometers off the coast. The refinery is 4 𝐾= 𝐾=
kilometers down the coast. Laying pipe in the ocean is twice as [ ( ) ] ( )
expensive as laying it on land. What path should the pipe follow in order
to minimize the cost? In polar form:
𝑟 + 2𝑟′ − 𝑟𝑟
𝐾=
3. A Norman window is constructed by adjoining a semicircle to the top [𝑟 + (𝑟 ) ]
of an ordinary rectangular window (see figure). Find the dimensions of a
Norman window of maximum area when the total perimeter is 16 feet. Radius of Curvature: 𝜌 = 1/𝐾

9. Find the radius of curvature, the coordinates of center of curvature,

and the equation of the circle of curvature of the curve of 4x2+9y2=36 at
the point (0, 2).

Curvilinear Motion

10. The box of negligible size is sliding down along a curved path defined
by the parabola y = 0.4x2. When it is at A (2,1.6), the speed is 8 m/s and
the increase in speed is 4m/s2. Determine the magnitude of the
acceleration of the box at this instant.

11. The particle travels with a constant speed of 300mm/s along the
4. A rectangular package to be sent by a postal service can have a curve. Determine the particle’s acceleration when it is located at point
maximum combined length and girth (perimeter of a cross section) of 108 (200 mm, 100 mm).
inches. Find the dimensions of the package of maximum volume that can
be sent. (Assume the cross section is square.) Partial Differentiation
12. For a multivariable function 𝑧 = 2𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 , determine
Time Related Rates 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
Steps in solving time-related rate problems:
STEP 1. Get the relationship of the variables in the problem and write 13. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 , determine the total differential of u.
them down in equation form.
STEP 2. Differentiate the function determined in 1 with respect to time, t. Applications (Approximation and Solid Analytic Geometry)
STEP 3. Determine the value of the variables at the specified time of the
problem and solve for the unknown. 14. Two sides of a triangle were measured as 150 and 200 ft, and the
included angle is 60°. If the possible errors are 0.2 ft in measuring the
5. A ladder 25 feet long is leaning against the wall of a house (see figure). sides and 1° in the angle, what is the greatest possible error in the
The base of the ladder is pulled away from the wall at a rate of 2 feet per computed area? What is the percentage error?
second.
(a) How fast is the top of the ladder moving down the wall when its base 15. Find the equation of the tangent plane and normal line to the function
is 7 feet from the wall? z = 3x2 + 2y2 - 11 at the point (2, 1, 3).
(b) Consider the triangle formed by the side of the house, the ladder,
and the ground. Find the rate at which the area of the triangle is changing
when the base of the ladder is 7 feet from the wall.
(c) Find the rate at which the angle between the ladder and the wall of
the house is changing when the base of the ladder is 7 feet from the wall.

6. A trough is 12 feet long and 3 feet across the top. Its ends are isosceles
triangles with altitudes of 3 feet. Water is being pumped into the trough
at 2 cubic feet per minute. How fast is the water level rising when the
depth h is 1 foot?