MATHEMATICS (INTEGRAL CALUCULUS) – DAY 10

MAXIMA AND MINIMA

To obtain the maximum or minimum value of a certain variable, just differentiate the variable and
equate the derivative to zero.

Selected simplified relation of variables to be maximized or minimized with respect to the other
variable.

TIME RATE
If the value of a certain variable Q is dependent on time t, then dQ/dt is called its time-rate or rate of
change with respect to time.

Steps in Solving Time-Rate Problem:

1. Identify the variables and constants to be differentiate with respect to time.

2. Differentiate all the variables in the equation with respect to time.
3. Solve the unknown time-rate from 2

Example:

Differentiate the given equation with respect to time: x =2y 2 + z3 + cosθ + √ m

Solution: dx/dt = 4y dy/dt + 3z2 dz/dt- sinθ dθ /dt + 1/2√ m dm/dt

MAXIMA AND MINIMA

1. Find the two positive numbers whose sum is 8 if the product of one number by the
cube of the other is to be maximum.
2. A farmer has enough money to build only 100 m of fence. What are the dimensions
of the field he can enclosed the maximum area?
3. The cost, C, of an item is a function of the quantity x of the item C(x) = x 2 – 4000x +
50. Find the quantity for which the cost is minimum.
4. A peach grower estimates that if he picks his crop now he will obtain 1000 lugs of peaches,
which he can sell at 1 dollar per lug. However, he estimates that his crop will increase by an
additional 60 lugs of peaches for each week that he delays picking but the price will drop at a
rate of 0.0025 dollar per lug per week. In addition, he will experience a spoilage rate of
approximately 10 lugs for each week he delays. In order to maximize his revenue, how many
weeks should he wait before picking the peaches?
5. Find the number which exceeds its cube by the greatest amount (Oct. 2006)
a. 0.333 b. 0.5 c. 0.577 * d. 0.707

TIME RATES
1. A spherical balloon is filled with air at a rate of 1 m 3/s. Compute the time rate of change of
the surface area of the balloon at the instant the balloon’s volume is 113.1 m 3.
 2. Water is pouring at a varying rate into a swimming pool that is initially empty. After t hours,
are t + t1/2 liters in the pool. At what rate is the water pouring into the pool when t = 9h?
3. The radius of a snowball rolling down a hill is increasing at a rate of 20 cm/min. How fast is
its volume increasing when its diameter is 1 m?
4. The location of a particle moving in the x-y plane is given by the parametric equations x = t 2 +
4t and y = (1/4) t4 – 60t, where x and y are in meters and t in seconds. What is the particle’s
velocity at t = 4 s?
a. 8.95 m/s b. 11.3 m/s c. 12.6 m/s * d. 16. 0 m/s

INTEGRAL CALUCULUS
APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
PROBLEM SET #10

INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

1. A particle moves according to the following functions of time

x(t) = 4sint y(t) = 5cost
What is the resultant velocity at t = π
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4 *
2. Water is pouring at a varying rate into a swimming pool that is initially empty. After 1 hours,
there are t + t1/2 liters in the pool. At what rate is the water pouring into the pool when t =
16h?
a. 1/3
b. ¼
c. 9/8 *
d. 7/8
3. If x increases uniformly at the rate of 0.001 per unit time, at what rate is the expression
(1+x)3 increasing when x becomes 4?
a. 3/40 *
b. 5/40
c. 7/40
d. 9/40
4. A spherical balloon is filled with air at a rate of 1 m 3/s. compute the time rate of change of
the surface area of the balloon at the instant the balloon’s volume is 268.08 m 3.
a. ½ *
b. ¼
c. 1/3
d. 1/7
5. The cost, C, of an item is a function of the quantity, x, of the item: C(x)= x 2 – 3000x + 50. Find
the quantity for which the cost is minimum.
a. 1400
b. 1500 *
c. 1600
d. 1700
6. The radius of a snowball rolling down a hill is increasing at a rate of 30 cm/min. How fast is
its volume increasing when its diameter is 1m?
a. 0.34 m3/min
b. 0.54 m3/min
c. 0.74 m3/min
d. 0.94 m3/min *
7. A peach grower estimates that if he picks his crop now he will obtain 1000 lugs of peaches,
which he can sell at 1 dollar per lug. However, he estimates that his crop will increase by an
additional 60 lugs of peaches for each week that he delays picking but the price will drop at a
 rate of 0.0030 dollar per lug per week. In addition, he will experience a spoilage rate of
approximately 10 lugs for each week he delays. In order to maximize his revenue, how many
weeks should he wait before picking the peaches?
a. 5.67
b. 6.67 *
c. 7.67
d. 8.67
8. Find the area under the curve y = 1/x between the limits y= 2 and y = 12.
a. 1.79 *
b. 2.79
c. 3.79
d. 4.79
9. Find the area of the region between y = 6x – 1 and y = x + 4 bounded by x = 0 and
intersection point (refer to figure 7)
a. ½
b. 3/2 *
c. 5/2
d. 7/2
10. If it is known that y = 1, what is the constant of integration for the following integral? Y(x) =
∫ ( e x−2 x ) dx
a. -18.3
b. -19.3
c. -20.3
d. -22.3 *
11. It is known that y(x) passes through the pints through the points (0, 2) and (1, 4) solve for
y(x) if the second derivative is d2y/dx2 = 1.
a. y = 1/2(x2+3x+4) *
b. y = 1/2(x2-3x+4)
c. y = 1/5(x2+3x4)
d. y = 1/7(x2+3x+9)
12. Evaluate the following indefinite integral ∫ √cos 4 xsinxdx
a. -1/3 cos5x + C
b. -1/5 cos5x + C *
c. -1/7 cos5x + C
d. -1/9 cos5x + C
13. What is the area of the region bounded by the cure y =sinx and x-axis on the interval
between x = 0 and x = 2 π
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4 *
x 4 + x 2+ 4
14. Determine the following indefinite integral. ∫ dx
x3
x2 2
a. +ln |x|− 2 +c *
2 x
 x2 2
b. +ln |x|− 2 +c
3 x
2
x 2
c. −ln|x|− 2 + c
4 x
2
x 2
d. +ln |x|− 2 +c
5 x
15. Find the shaded area between line and line 2 and the x-axis (refer to figure 8)
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6 *
d. 8
4
16. Evaluate the following integral ∫ dx
8+2 x 2
a. Tan-1(x/2) + C *
b. 2Tan-1(x/2) + C
c. 3Tan-1(x/2) + C
d. 4Tan-1(x/2) + C
17. What is the approximate area bounded by the curve y = 8 – x 2 and y = x2?
a. 19.33
b. 21.33 *
c. 23.33
d. 25.33
18. What is the approximate total area bounded by y = sinx and y = 0 over the interval
0 ≤ x ≤3/2 n ? (X is in radians)
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3 *
d. 4
19. Find the area bounded by the parabola y = 4 – x 2 and the straight line y =2.
a. 7 (2)1/2 /3
b. 8 (2)1/2 /3 *
c. 0
d. 4
20. If x increases uniformly at the rate of 0.01 feet per second, at what rate is the expression
(2+x)3 increasing when x becomes 8 feet?
a. 1 cfs
b. 2 cfs
c. 3 cfs *
d. 4 cfs
21. A spherical balloon is being filled with a rate of 1.5 cubic foot per second. Compute the time
rate of change of the surface area of the balloon at the instant when its volume is 120 cubic
feet.
a. 0.67 ft2/s
b. 0.98 ft2/s *
c. 3 ft2/s
d. 3.7 ft2/s
22. Find the maximum area of a triangle whose perimeter is 36 in.
 a. 23.45 in2
b. 38.03 in2
c. 48.39 in2
d. 62.35 in2 *
23. Find the maximum area of a rectangle whose perimeter is 100 in.
a. 525 in2
b. 625 in2 *
c. 725 in2
d. 825 in2
24. If the radius of a circle increases at the rate of 0.1 in/s find the rate of change of area when
the radius is 4 in long.
a. 0.8 π *
b. 1 π
c. 1.2 π
d. 1.3 π
25. Water is flowing into a vertical tank of radius 3 ft at the rate of 8 cubic feet per min. How fast
is the water level rising?
a. 0.109 fpm
b. 0.198 fpm
c. 0.283 fpm *
d. 0.398 fpm
26. The sum of two positive numbers is 50, what are the numbers if their product is to be the
largest possible.
a. 24, 26
b. 28, 22
c. 25, 25 *
d. 20, 30
27. A farmer has enough money to build only 100 meters’ fence, what are the dimensions of the
field he can enclose the maximum are?
a. 25m x 25m *
b. 15m x 35m
c. 20m x 30m
d. 22.5m x 27.5m
28. Determine the diameter of a closed cylindrical tank having a volume of 11.3 cu.m to obtain
minimum surface area.
a. 1.22
b. 1.64
c. 2.44 *
d. 2.68
29. A balloon is rising vertically over a point A on the ground at the rate of 15 ft/s. A point B on
the ground level with 30 ft from A. when the balloon is 40 ft from, at what rate is its distance
from B changing?
a. 13 ft/s
b. 15 ft/s
c. 12 ft/s
d. 10 ft/s
30. A car starting at 12 noon travels west at a speed of 30 kph. Another car starting from the
same point at 2 PM travels north at 45 kph. Find how fast (kph) the two are separating at 4
PM?
a. 49
b. 51 *
c. 53
d. 55
31. The product of two positive numbers is 16, find the number if the sum of one and square of
the other is least.
a. 8, 2 *
b. 8, 5
c. 8, 1
d. 8, 0
32. A balloon whose volume has a rate of change of 2 cfs. Find the rate of change in its radius if
surface area is 200 ft2.
a. 0.01 ft/s *
b. 0.045 ft/s
c. 1.76 ft/s
d. 0.097 ft/s
33. A particle moves around a curve y = 2x 2 + 3. At what point on the curve are the x and y
coordinates of the particles changing at the same rate?
a. (-1/2, -1) *
b. (2, -1)
c. (-3/2, -3)
d. (-3/4, -2)
34. What are the radius, r, and height, h, of a cylindrical oil can that holds 5 liter of oil but must
have minimum surface area?
a. r = 5.4 cm; h =10.8 cm
b. r = 15.9 cm; h =1256.6 cm
c. r = 9.27 cm; h =18.53 cm *
d. r = 1.26 cm; h =20.84 cm
35. Find the integral of ∫ √1−x dx
3/2
a. -2/3 (1-x) + C *
b. 2/3 (1-x)3/2 + C
c. -3/2 (1-x)3/2 + C
d. -5/3 (1-x)3/2 + C
x
36. Find the integral of ∫ 2
dx
x +1
a. 1/2 ln(x2+1)
b. 1/2 ln(x2+1) + C *
c. 2 ln(x2+1) + C
d. -1/2 ln(x2+1) + C
3
2
37. Calculate the definite integrals of ∫ x +4 x dx
1
a. 12
b. 18
c. 24 2/3 *
 d. 34 1/3
2
3
38. Calculate the definite integrals of ∫ x + 1dx
−2
a. 2
b. 4*
c. 6
d. 8
2
3 2
39. Calculate the definite integrals of ∫ 4 x −3 x dx
1
a. 8 *
b. 6
c. 4
d. 2
40. If x = 3x2/3 – 10, find the arc length of the graph of from the point A (8,3) to B (27,17)
a. 24.20 *
b. 25.20
c. 26.20
d. 27.20
41. If 8x2 = 27y3, find the arc length of the graph of from the point A (1, 2/3) to B (8, 8/3)
a. 6.12
b. 7.29 *
c. 9.28
d. 12.02
42. If a box with a square base and close top is to have a volume of 4 cubic feet, find the height
that require the least material.
a. 0.587 ft
b. 1.587 ft *
c. 2.587 ft
d. 3.587 ft
43. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a semi-circle
of radius 6 in, if two vertices line on the diameter.
a. 6.48 x 3. 24 in
b. 2.48 x 7. 24 in
c. 8.48 x 4. 24 in *
d. 10.48 x 4. 24 in
44. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of maximum are that can be inscribed in an equilateral
triangle of side 10 in, if two vertices lie on the diameter.
a. 5 x 4.33 in *
b. 4 x 6.33 in
c. 9 x 2.33 in
d. 7 x 3.33 in
45. A spherical balloon is being inflated at the rate of 50 cubic feet per minute. At the instant
when the radius is 10 ft, at what rate is the surface area increasing?
a. 4 ft2/min
b. 6 ft2/min
c. 8 ft2/min
d. 10 ft2/min *
46. A kite at a height of 60 feet, is moving horizontally at a rate of 6 ft/s away from the boy who
flies it. How fast is the cord being released when 120 feet are out?
a. 1.2 fps
b. 3.2 fps
c. 5.2 fps *
d. 7.2 fps
47. A balloon is rising over point A on the ground at the rate of 15 ft/s. A and B on the ground
level with and 30 ft from A. when the balloon is 40 ft from A, how fast is the angle of
elevation changing from B?
a. 0.56 rad/s
b. 0.87 rad/s
c. 0.076 rad/s
d. 0.18 rad/s *
48. Water from the filtering facility is pouring into a swimming pool. After n hours there are n +
square root of n galloons in the pool. At what rate is the water pouring into the pool when n
=16 hours?
a. ½ gph
b. 9/8 gph *
c. 1 gph
d. 7/6 gph
49. Find the area bounded by the line 2x – 6 = 12, x-axis and y-axis.
a. 5
b. 6 *
c. 7
d. 8
50. Find the area between y2 = 4x + 12 and x = 3
a. 39.19 *
b. 42.39
c. 46.50
d. 54.20
51. Find the area between x2 = -2y + 8 and x-axis.
a. 11.39
b. 12.73
c. 14.23
d. 15.08 *
52. Find the area bounded by y2 = 8x and line x = y
a. 4.03
b. 6.28
c. 8.37
d. 10.67 *
53. Find the area bounded by the x-axis y 2 = x, x =1 and x =16
a. 38
b. 40
c. 42 *
d. 44
54. Find the area bounded by y = x2 and y = 2x2 – 3x
a. 9/2 *
b. 4/5
 c. 7/2
d. 5/2
55. What is the area bounded by the curve y = x 3, the x-axis, and the lines x = -2 and x = 1?
a. -3.75 *
b. 3.75
c. 4.25 *
d. 9.0
56. What is the integral of x (x + 1) dx?
a. x3/3 + x + C
b. x3/3 + x2/2
 c. (x+2)2/2
d. x3/3 + x2/2 + C *
57. What is the area bounded by y = 0, y = e x, x = 0 and x = 1?
a. 0.86
b. 1.36
c. 1.72 *
d. 2. 72
58. Find the area between the axis and the parabola y = x 2, x = 5 and y = 0
a. 41. 67 *
b. 77.77
c. 32.64
d. 56.92
59. Find the area under the curve y = 1/x between the limits y = 2 and y = 10.
a. 1.61 *
b. 2.39
c. 3.71
d. 3.97
60.