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Review MODULE- Data Analytics 2-Part 1
Poisson Distribution
Properties of the Poisson Process
1. The number of outcomes occurring in one time interval or
specified region of space is independent of the number that
occur in any other disjoint time interval or region. In this
sense we say that the Poisson process has no memory.
2. The probability that a single outcome will occur during a
very short time interval or in a small region is proportional to
the length of the time interval or the size of the region and
does not depend on the number of outcomes occurring
outside this time interval or region.
3. The probability that more than one outcome will occur in
such a short time interval or fall in such a small region is
negligible.
1. A local drugstore owner knows that, on average, 100 people
enter his store each hour.
(a) Find the probability that in a given 3-minute period
Exactly three enters the store.
(b) Find the probability that in a given 3-minute period
more than 5 people enter the store.
2. Potholes on a highway can be a serious problem, and are in
constant need of repair. With a particular type of terrain and
make of concrete, past experience suggests that there are, on
the average, 2 potholes per mile after a certain amount of
usage.
(a) What is the probability that no more than one pothole
will appear in a section of 1 mile?
(b) What is the probability that no more than 4 potholes
will occur in a given section of 5 miles?
3. For a certain type of copper wire, it is known that, on the
average, 1.5 flaws occur per millimeter. Assuming that the
number of flaws is a Poisson random variable, what is the
probability that no flaws occur in a certain portion of wire of
length 5 millimeters?
4. The exterior of a building consists of one hundred 3m x 5m
glass panels. Past records indicate that on average one flaw is
found in every 50 sq.m of this type of glass panels; also a panel
containing two or more flaws will eventually cause breakage
problems and have to be replaced. The occurrence of flaws
may be assumed to be a Poisson process. What is the
probability that a given panel will be replaced?
Relationship of Poisson and Binomial Distribution
5. If the probability that an individual suffers a bad reaction
from serum is 0.001, determine the probability that out of
2000 individuals exactly 3 will suffer from bad reaction
Continuous Probability Distribution
6. A charity group raises funds by collecting waste paper. A
skip-full will contain an amount of X, of other materials such
as plastic bags and rubber bands. X may be regarded as a
random variable with probability function.
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑘 (𝑥 − 1)(4 − 𝑥 ) 1<𝑥 <4
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Find the probability that X exceeds 3.5
7. The random variable, X, has a probability density function.
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(8 − 2𝑦) 1<𝑥 <4
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Determine the median
8. Suppose that a system contains a certain type of component
whose time, in years, to failure is given by T. The random
variable T is modeled nicely by the exponential distribution
with mean time to failure β = 5. What is the probability that a
certain component will still function at the end of 8 years?
Normal Distribution
9. Suppose the diameters of bolts manufactured by a
company are normally distributed with mean of 0.25 inches
and standard deviation 0.02 inches. A bolt is considered
defective if its diameter is Greater than or equal to 0.28 inches
or less than or equal to 0.20 inches. Find the percentage of
defective bolts manufactured by the company
10. The length of human pregnancies from conception to birth
approximates a normal distribution with a mean
of 266 days and a standard deviation of 16 days. What
proportion of all pregnancies will last between 240
and 270 days (roughly between 8 and 9 months)?
3. A fair coin is tossed 10 times, show the probability
distribution of number of heads.
11. A coin is tossed 400 times. Use the normal curve
approximation to find the probability of obtaining
(a) exactly 205 heads;
(b) between 185 and 210 heads inclusive;
(c) fewer than 176 or more than 227 heads.