\fua are going to read an article aho*t sclving &af6c prcblems in cities- For questio*s 1-6

chsose the ansrrer tA, E, C ar D) which you think frts hest according to &e text.

Reclaiming our city streets

Hox irc expe*ments cot ld he*p srban Stellers sb'eeis'.r,or1di+ide
"+om
riotor veh'cles and reduce po$uticn.
re*l*it* their streets fra* trafie. r: i*. lh s ;llc :criexi. ,r 14'6911132" 1ti'1. 15 ;ry{ning bd

Many cill-dweilers around the worid face a diiemma: Iai'ge reiaii*e io many r:tadzra urban sprawls, air polfuticn

dr:spiie livir"rg a rela'tru*1y s.hcri ciisiance fron iwai is e-.tin:ted i*

rauss e rc:.,rd 3,500 premafure d*aths
pet yeat +ul cf a poprlaiion oi 1.6 million. .AdCitianaity,
shop; and services, a wide duakarriageway has io
*e r.:+gctraied i* ordrr i* get there. *l:ilst lfos pcser il is respnnsll;i* ior severe effects cn ecosystems a*d
{er,, probler,rs {*;' lle vail rna.irrity oi people, there are agricuiir.rre. Traffic, ''r',hich !s the rnajor contributor io
lhore v+hc can r:nty make it as far *s haii v+ay aith each this prcblem, also causes r*ise p*llutic* beyand l*'veis
p*sh cf the pedesiria:r cri:ssitig button. ftun*iitg out of coijsidered heaithy. Scafilg tl'ris bleak pickir* *p for iager

rrriik ha: -rigr$cari r*nreq+eiiceg. r"netrapciit*n areas could b* bao ior yaur healti:l

in ihe Butcli city of iilburg. ten Seople have been iaking The World Health Crganisaticrn recsrnmends that every

n*rt m * trrai o{ drsssrvak, a sr**Gpho*e als that gires ci$ sil.o*id hav* a *n*:nruni a{ } rn: nf gr€eri space iier
peciesh'ians with iir*rtec insbili$ exka crossing *me. resident. hhile scme piaces corne out well relatire tc ilis
ihir grnr;*Sbreai.!ng expe*nre*t enabies pa{icipaiits :o figi.ue {L**dr* $rores elr ir*pressive 27, ard A.:ilsierdam

cross ile rr:aci in o*e go, ',vtholt needing to drdge cars. an incredible 87.5), nrar,y rJo not. Tokyo curreniiy has

A se*sor ir the tra{ic iig}ns ts crxstaetiy srr the iask*ijt fcr av*;:r:l 3 rf p*r perssn, acd it iar frorn a{ore i* p'rcviding
anyone v;ith Crosswalk on lheir phone. lt scans brrih sides insu.tfi cier*'lun gs' f cr ils popuiation. Picture ihe effect
i:f the raad anri adir.rsr: ilie crr::si*g iinie auitx'*at;ixliy. -ties* lgures ci barj;tg kafit frnm the nraj*rfu *i a
c,r'r

once a pedestrian carryi*g tfte app has bee* detected. cig's sFeels and aiiouilrg'd:*s* roarjs ia be converted
iati: uler triggerr a :peciiii lr*e wiiich is pre's:stalied inio ccrrlr,:rB a'eas. :.ch as Farks alC cedes?1a.

or;to their phone and va*es accordiilg tc &eir ie,;ei of zcne:. Such a system. kno*'* as 'superb{ocks', is rapidly
r: cL.i .1r. :r $t5 *aj, cehr: :i rail6 arg alsc rirrmi;ec gahirg s*p;-ott in nany ai ih* *'arld's ;:rban ientres.
-lhe
app warks in cornbi*ation $r$ GPS and the software fhe idea has ai rts leart the notion that streeis belong io
tl'i*i ':$trates tlie *af*c ti3i"rts, li;us getiing aii:urd iae per:ple an* iiot cars. Roa,Js are repurposed rsrli,jt an area
need t* in*all {urther d*vices t* ccnkal ite system. knoun as a superblock, leal,ing crily the streets around
Ihe pd*t prqe*t is pad ot a ?.*y*ar plan ta mair.e Tiiburg's the $*ri;rieier acie.r:ibie ic'oeau:ies. Takirg up less
road i:etwork more pedestrian and cycl*kiendly" Anotrer space 1!ran a neighLrcurh*ac, but larger ihan fie biacks

sgslern and*r dev*,s1;merit lhere se*ses r,utes bikes a"e in ma*y cites. Seu desrgr"i ersiires iha'r i1o one wouiC

approaching a iunctiorr and changes ihe iighls scorier faan ever be rnore than 3S0 m from a road. This may mean
( sthirwrse l'u'outd, *r*r*hy gi-vrng ryclists prrr:rrrj,- cver ;ac;ificing tie p*rki*g :praces assigned ta pr*ped:es
mstorists. A logical extensicn *f this technoiogy couid tdthin them, bi-rt thafs a srnall price to pay. By rncreasing
hggrr iigi'tts to gr€trl lfl l*t ambuiance *r ire rr rws pass lL"e {reqr.:ercy *{ bus stogs sn l"'€ ilirrou*ding sireets

tftrough, Smart h'affic iighls can aiso ha're erirdrcnrnentai and appiying smart tratfic rnafiagsme*t technology as

trr:ef,ts. i*r eranr{:le. by givi*g lt*ries a ciear run ihrwgh

'.rsed
':.
|l3t,r;, :1 ,',ou1J }e pa j jible ',.1 r:,at.e pubiic
urban areas and reriucing the fi'equency w,,& which they tre*sport more effective dcspiie having signrficanily fewer
irave tr ltrp allrj siar;, iirey lhersby reriuce e*:is'*iorl, v*irjr.le.acc*ssible rcads. Tlris uuld be pai,'ed vrilh a nevr

noise pollution and damage to road sudaces. All +f tltis s,ystem af cycling ianes in the areas afflirniis to traf*c.

iir:e i9 seerns a tar cry ir*m ih*. irrq*r*y *t *rban centres. $iv*n tiral i1e majoria" of ti.re rs*rld's papulation ncw lives

The aoplications cf trhe t*chrr*tr:gy are vi{ually lrnitless and in an urban environment, irnagine the number of peopie

c*ul* i*rn a major we*par rr lhe hattle tc recapiure lity whc lvaulci i:*;;efil iron-. ti*s ctmi:inaiian cf ideas.

38 AsvAF{cE} aEADrruG AHD us€ oF EI{cr-rsH I FAnr E i2 L Cafibridge Unive.sit) Press and UCLES 20
Engtish Quatifications

t. ln paragr#r 1, the writer is fann* nsar cit*es ffir*as*s

fr offuring an opin{on about efy lifa. pdrJfon.
B exempl*fyirg one aspeet of crfy *fc. e koHern* ca*ed by polfution ffi.dtiply ilrill
oty siae.
C givr*g q rca$ffi wtry city life caa b* D Emhrreing &ctr*cloffir€fr$o$ tu*rn*i
exp*n$ve.
pollution kvels.
D rugge*ting city {ile is had for msst pe@. 5. What does ttne writer suggest about gre€n
2. h fte se*ord pryaga$r, m hrn that Crns*nr*k
spaces rn tle frf$r paragr4h?
fi detects tte presefice cf vehicles.
f,Most cities exce*d international green
B cm be programnwd hy iB us*rs. space guidelire*.
C has been r*latively easy to set up" I Fdodern crties have fcwsr gre*n $pacss
tl is being Urdlod ofl on€ rulor road. ftan old ones.
3. What is tft* writer em$rasrs**g in SH sertsilce C !&mh urban gre€it space warl*nde has
'fflof ttus $€*rn$ a far *ry frcrn tlte malority *f disappeared.
unban cenFes'in line 39? O M*ny city autnrrttes should change tlreir
* $re contrart hetws*n aim* and th* *rsen $Sace pclicy.
current re*lity. 6. *eeording to fte wrttq dlsf th* fdlmdng
B how ups*tting living in so*rs citbs can be. ps@e wodd hffiSt lrrorn fle i*trd*ction d
C how a*lalteed teehndagf i* rn eertain s$erblarJts except
regions. * hl* users.
E the teclmdogicalchmg*s h@rening I re$dents.
wortdw*d*. C cyclists.
*. llftat poirt&s th* writtr malm in ttm ffin*r D ffidestrians,
psagrryhl
* Srnaller ci$cs he,B relat*vely high lercls of
pofluhctt.