Berhanu's Final Internship Report Aastu

Addis Ababa Science and Technology
University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT
Prepared By: Berhanu Abayneh
ID No: ETS0194/08
Section: A
Period of internship: March, 2019-June, 2019
Company supervisor: Mr. Tesfamicheal
Academic supervisor/Advisor: Mrs. Meseret Girma
June, 2019
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Internship report 2019
Table of Content
Acknowledgment .......................................................................................................................................... ii
Internship certificate .................................................................................................................................... iii
Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... iv
List of Figure................................................................................................................................................. v
List of Table ................................................................................................................................................. vi
Acronyms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER ONE ...............................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Project .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1 General Information about the Project ......................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Brief Project Description ............................................................................................................. 2
1.1.3 Project Location ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.4 Terrain Classification ................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.5 Existing Structures on the Project ................................................................................................ 5
1.1.6 New Bridge Structures to be built ................................................................................................ 5
1.1.7 Climate condition of the Project .................................................................................................. 7
1.1.8 Summary of Bills ......................................................................................................................... 7
1.1.9 Scope of the work ........................................................................................................................ 8
1.2 Overview of the Company .................................................................................................................. 8
1.2.1 Vision, Mission and Core Value of the Company ..................................................................... 10
1.2.2 Award Given to the Company ................................................................................................... 11
1.3 How did I get into the company? ...................................................................................................... 12
1.4 Organizational Structure of the company ......................................................................................... 12
1.5 Objectives of the project ................................................................................................................... 13
1.5.1 General Objective ...................................................................................................................... 13
1.5.2 Specific Objective ...................................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 14
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY USED ................................................................................ 14
2.1 Materials used ................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2 Methodology used ............................................................................................................................. 14
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CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................................ 16

DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT, DESIGN WORK AND ACCOMPLISHMENT OF ACTIVITIES .. 16
3.1 Accomplishment of activities................................................................................................................ 16
3.1.1 Site Works.................................................................................................................................. 16
3.1.2 Laboratory Test .......................................................................................................................... 25
3.1.3 Office Work ............................................................................................................................... 30
CHAPER FOUR ............................................................................................................................. 35
ASSESSMENT OF THE INTERNSHIP ......................................................................................... 35
4.1 About the internship program ........................................................................................................... 35
4.2 General benefit gained from internship ............................................................................................ 35
4.3 Responsibility undertaken in the internship program ....................................................................... 36
4.4 Problems that are encountered to the project during internship ........................................................ 36
CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................................ 39
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION................................................................................ 39
Reference .................................................................................................................................................... 40
Appendices.................................................................................................................................................. 41
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Acknowledgment
In performing my internship report it is a successful one I had to take the help and guideline of
some respected person. First and for most, I would like to express my gratitude to God for his love
and strength that he gave me to finish this logbook as my internship report.
Secondly, I would like to thank Addis Ababa Science and Technology University department of
civil engineering for arranging this internship program and gave an opportunity to me to learn and
get the real work experiences.
Thirdly, I would like to thank Ethiopia Road Authority (ERA) for sending me the acceptance paper
on time to Addis Ababa Science and Technology University and assigned me to Tekleberhan
Ambaye Construction P.L.C.
Fourthly, I would like to thank my hosting company Tekleberhan Ambaye Construction P.L.C.,
for genuine hospitability and continued effort to educate, supervise and foster my technical
professional skills throughout the whole internship program with their all workers starting from
project manager to day labor; specially Mr. Mitku (Acting Project Manager), Mr. Andualem
(Human Resource), Mrs. Chaltu (Site Engineer) and Mr. Muluken (Surveyor) for their respects
and answering my questions.
Fifthly, I would like to thanks SABA Engineering P.L.C in JV with THEME Engineering P.L.C,
for fulfilled infrastructure which needed during my internship program starting from Resident
Engineer to Secretary and their drivers of car.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my internship advisor Mrs. Meseret to charge in order to
evaluate my assessment report and performances to give some suggestion, comments, support, and
guidance throughout my internship program.
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Internship certificate
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Executive Summary
So as to relate the theoretical as well as experimental knowledge of students to the actual practice,
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University has arranged an internship program for students.
During this internship program, the students are supposed to develop their knowledge and grasp a
glance of the actual practice. Accordingly, I have been taking my internship in Abomsa –Aseko
– Bedeyi – Cheleleka Road Project; Lot 1- Abomsa – Aseko-Dibu River (58.7 Km) and assigned
in the construction contractor side for a duration of four months starting from February 2019 to
June 2019.
It is a clear fact that the knowledge of civil engineering cannot be upgraded without practical
experience in each field of the subject matter. Hence, this paper is a written report about my
internship program which was planned to help apparent students grasp practical know-how of
engineering projects, site implementation of engineering design.
During the four months stay in the project, I have been assigned in different departments; such as
site, office and laboratory works, as a result, I gained experience about how to communicate with
workers, how to apply theoretical knowledge in to practical and also I got an opportunity to know
employees, understand work place expectations. Finally, this report review is covered by the above
mentioned activities during the internship period. The report is summarized as general description
and location of the project, history of the company, material or machines and their uses, general
accomplishment activities in the project, assessment of the internship, conclusions and reference.
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List of Figure
Figure 1: Project Location Map ...................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2: Existing Bridge on Arba Guracha River at km 25+170 ................................................. 5
Figure 3: Bogdo River .................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 4: Sirba River....................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 5: Dibu River ....................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 6: Award given to the Company........................................................................................ 11
Figure 7: Some machines used in the project ............................................................................... 15
Figure 8: Contractor's Camp overview ......................................................................................... 17
Figure 9: Consultant Staff's house ................................................................................................ 18
Figure 10: Site Clearance .............................................................................................................. 19
Figure 11: Undercut Excavation at station 39+300 ...................................................................... 20
Figure 12: Typical Slope Cuts at different sta. ............................................................................. 21
Figure 13: Typical Embankment Fill on station 5+600 ................................................................ 22
Figure 14: Slope Stake with station .............................................................................................. 25
Figure 15: Surveying Instrument .................................................................................................. 25
Figure 16: Atterberg Limit ............................................................................................................ 26
Figure 17: CBR Test ..................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 18: Proctor Test ................................................................................................................. 29
Figure 19: Field Density Test ....................................................................................................... 30
Figure 20: Typical Cut Section ..................................................................................................... 33
Figure 21: Typical Fill Section ..................................................................................................... 33
Figure 22: Typical Cut and Fill section ........................................................................................ 34
Figure 23: Problem encountered on the project ............................................................................ 38
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List of Table
Table 1 General Project Description ............................................................................................... 1
Table 2: Terrain Classification........................................................................................................ 4
Table 3: Summary of Bills and Weighted Average ........................................................................ 7
Table 4: Sample of summary Progress for the Month of April, 2019 .......................................... 32
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
AASHTO - American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials
BM - Bench Mark
CBR - California Bearing Ratio
CL - Center Line
DBST - Double Bitumen Surface Treatment
EDM - Electronic Distance Measuring
ERA - Ethiopian Road Authority
ETB - Ethiopian Birr
FDT - Field Density Test
JV - Joint Venture
LHS - Left Hand Side
LL - Liquid Limit
MDD - Maximum Dry Density
OMC - Optimum Moisture Content
PI - Plastic Index
PL - Plastic Limit
PLC - Private Limited Company
RHS - Right Hand Side
ROW - Right of Way
RSDP - Road Sector Development Program
SS - Slope Stake
Sta. - Station
TACON -Tekleberhan Ambaye Construction
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Project

1.1.1 General Information about the Project
Table 1 General Project Description
Region/Zone Oromia Regional State

Project Name: Abomsa-Aseko-Bedeyi- Chalalaka
Contract 1: Abomsa-Aseko-Dibu River (58.7 km)
Total Length of the Road: ±103km
Road Classification: Link Road
Climatically Classification: Weina Dega
Client: Ethiopian Road Authority
Consultants: SABA Engineering P.L.C in JV with
THEME Engineering P.L.C
Contractor: Tekleberhan Ambaye Construction P.L.C
Designer: Ethio-Infra
Financing Agency: Ethiopian Road Authority
Net Project Price 991,721,997.83 ETB
Contract Type Unit Rate
Elevation (m) (Min – Max): 1,530-2140m
Traffic Volume Classification: 100-200 AADT, DS5
Contract Signing Date 25th August 2017
Commencement Date 08th November 2017
Original Completion Date 08th November 2020
Original Contract Period 1096 Calendar Days (Excluding Defect
Liability Period)
Maintenance Period 365 Calendar Days
Construction Type: Road upgrading to DBST
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1.1.2 Brief Project Description
The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) on behalf of FDRE is implementing various road projects
including new road construction, rehabilitation or upgrading of main trunk, link and rural roads to
expand the Roads Network all over the country to achieve the goals of Road Sector Development
Program (RSDP) aimed to enhance development objectives and the living standard of the
population all over the country.
This project is one of the road construction projects under this program which is the first section
of Abomsa- Aseko – Bedeyi – Cheleleka Road Project named Contract 1: Abomsa – Aseko –Dibu
River (58.7 km). The project road is a link road which will tie up the local road network and also
important to link with the main Adama – Awash Road via Metehara- Abomsa all-weather gravel
road. The road project falls within Oromia National Regional state, in East Arsi Zone. The Project
road starts at the Abomsa town located in East Arsi Zone and ends at Dibu River. The total project
length is 60.806kms (0+000-58+700 plus AB0+000-AB2+106). The project start, Abomsa, is
located approximately 200km from the Addis Ababa. It can be accessed from the junction to Upper
Awash Agro industry on the main Addis Ababa – Awash trunk road at about 150 km from Addis
Ababa and travelling about 50km of gravel road via Bole town.
The first section of the existing road from Abomsa to Aseko, 38km, is an existing gravel road
which was constructed by Oromia Roads Authority. In this section, the stretch from km 18 to 25
is highly deteriorated and the widths of most of the sections are narrowed. This stretch is
characterized by steeply gradient and sharp curves. This section passes through totally
escarpment/mountainous terrain and also characterized by landslides and erosions. Taking this in
to consideration, the proposed design has relocated most stretches of this section. From Aseko it
is possible to access up to Irrecha Village which is located at about 12km from Aseko through a
dry weather earthen road. Whereas, from Irrecha to end of the project, Dibu River, this no access
road. The contract is signed on 25th August 2017 and the commencement date of the project has
been on 08th November 2018. The Construction Supervision Agreement is signed between
Ethiopian Roads Authority and Theme Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. In JV with SABA
Engineering PLC on 11th November 2017 and the commencement date of the service has been 14th
November 2017.
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1.1.3 Project Location
The project road is located in Oromia Regional State East Arsi Zone and traverses through
Abomsa, Aseko towns and Irrecha Village. The project road shall link the local road network to
the main trunk road from Addis Ababa – Awash road via Metehara – Abomsa all weathered gravel
road. The location of the project road is shown in Figure 1-1.
Figure 1: Project Location Map
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1.1.4 Terrain Classification
The project route traverses through different terrains with an altitude of which drops to 1530m and
then rises to 2140m. The project route traverses through flat, rolling, mountainous and escarpment
terrains with the largest portion being mountainous.
Table 2: Terrain Classification
Road Stretch Total % age

Length
Terrain Type Length in from
From To in Km
Km Total
0+000 1+400 1.4
2+600 3+500 0.9
6+100 7+000 0.9
8.8 14.99
8+200 9+500 1.3
11+600 13+300 1.7
Flat
13+900 16+500 2.6

1+400 2+600 1.2
3+500 6+100 2.6
7+000 8+200 1.2
9+500 11+600 2.1
13+300 13+900 0.6
20.84 35.50
16+500 18+700 2.2
25+300 29+200 3.9
36+910 38+360 1.45
Rolling
43+600 46+590 2.99

49+500 52+100 2.6
18+700 20+500 1.8
24+100 25+300 1.2
Mountainous
29+200 36+910 7.71

25.46 43.37
38+360 43+600 5.24
46+590 49+500 2.91
52+100 58+700 6.6
Escarpment 20+500 24+100 3.6 3.6 6.13
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1.1.5 Existing Structures on the Project

The road section from Abomsa to Aseko has existing structures i.e. from 0+000 to 38+000. The
existing structures are 39 in number. Out of 39 structures
 1 Bridge at 25+170
 slab culverts
 1 box culvert and
 33 pipe culverts
The existing bridge at km 25+170 is in sound condition and shall be retained.
Figure 2: Existing Bridge on Arba Guracha River at km 25+170
1.1.6 New Bridge Structures to be built

The alignment requires 3 new bridges in Lot:1-Abomsa-Aseko-Dibu River (58.7km). The rivers that need
bridge structures are Bogda, Bela Werancho/Sirba and Dibu. They are located at 42+500, 47+520 and
58+145, respectively. As it was described before, the existing Arba Guracha River Bridge at km25+170 is
hydraulically adequate and the condition is good.
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a. Bogdo Stream (KM-42.5)
Figure 3: Bogdo River
b. Sirba Stream (KM-47.5)
Figure 4: Sirba River
c. Dibu Stream (KM-58.145)
Figure 5: Dibu River
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1.1.7 Climate condition of the Project

The project route corridor can be categorized under WeinaDega or Warm-Cool climatic zone
because; the topographic elevation is between 1,530 to 2,140 above sea level, with mean
temperatures of 22.4oC and 17oC for Abomsa and Aseko stations, respectively. The climatic
characteristic of the country is influenced mainly by the altitude of the areas traversed by the road.
1.1.8 Summary of Bills
The works of the project are arranged under each division as per ERA Standard Specification 2013.
Generally, the scope of the work comprises General item, Site clearance, Drainage, Earthworks,
Sub Base & Road Base, Bituminous Surfacing works, Structures, ancillary works and Day works.
Summary of bills are tabulated in the tables below.
Table 3: Summary of Bills and Weighted Average
Division Description Contract %

In Weighted
Amount ETB Weighted
Avg in Km of
Avg of
Total
Total
1000 General 6.04%
3.68
47,460,729.32
2000 Site Clearance 0.62%
0.38
4,895,160.00
3000 Drainage 18.75%
11.40
147,199,755.00
4000 Earth works 38.55%
23.44
302,691,531.50
5000 Su-base, Road base and 9.91%
6.03
Gravel Wearing Course 77,809,467.80
6000 Bituminous Surfacing 8.67%
5.27
68,092,372.80
8000 Structures 14.65%
8.91
115,065,788.40
9000 Ancillary Road Works 2.42%
1.47
19,038,483.00
DW Dayworks 0.37%
0.23
2,940,089.13
Grand Total of All Bills( 100.00%
60.806
ETB) 785,193,376.95
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As can be seen, among the Summary of all bills earthwork takes the major portion of the works.
The earthwork takes 38.55% of the project works which shows consistency with volume of work
to be carried out under this division. Next to earthwork, drainages and structures takes 18.75%
and 14.65% of the total of bills respectively and 8.67% of the project work is Asphalt surfacing
work.
1.1.9 Scope of the work

The project encompasses construction of 60.806km road by widening and upgrading of the
existing and deteriorating 38Km gravel surface road, 12Km natural contour dry season road and
7.8km new alignment to DS5 as per ERA standard 2002 or DC4 as per ERA standard 2013 asphalt
surface road including all related structures and other ancillary works which include;
improvements of the horizontal and vertical alignments, construction of new pavement layers,
asphalt surfacing with DBST and Fog Spray, construction of road furniture, culverts and
drainages, construction of major drainage structures, construction of bridges, erosion control
structures, water management structures based on proposed water management plan, slope stability
and settlement protections as per geotechnical and geo physics investigation and recommendations
as principal project activities; material site development, camp establishments for the work force,
garage and workshops, crusher plants erection and operation, material storage sites, spoil soils
disposal sites, and explosives storage site establishment.
1.2 Overview of the Company
Tekleberhan Ambaye Construction PLC (TACON) was established in 1993 as a Class 6 BC by

the owner and General Manager Tekleberhan Ambaye (Civil Engineer, Addis Ababa University)
and with a capital of Birr 5,000. The Organization is currently registered as a Grade I General
Contractor.
TACON has a vision of becoming a cross-border, reputable construction company. It operates with
a mission of quality service to the public and reasonable profit to the owner. Core values that
govern the organization include Client Satisfaction, Professionalism, Integrity, Quality and Social
Responsibility.
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To ensure TACON's quality service, the Company has put into operation a Quality Management
System of the ISO 9001:2000 Certification audits by ZDH ZERT Company, an internationally
recognized company, awarded the certificate for three years which covered the period from 2008
to 2011. Up on the expiration of the quality certification, TACON has got quality recertification
of ISO 9001:2015 which is valid from 10 April 2017 to 08 April 2020. Its strong commitment for
quality helps TACON to receive the Gold Award for Excellence & Business Prestige from BID in
New York on May 26, 2014, and 2nd level Special Award Quality Certificate from EQA on May
24, 2014, and International Construction Award in recognition of its commitment to quality and
excellence of its services from Spain in May 2015. Recently we receive 1st level Award Certificate
for demonstrating organizational excellence, outstanding practices and high commitment in
managing and achieving results from EQA on June 17, 2016 in the 4th round Quality Award
Program.
TACON has rich experience in Addis Ababa and all regional states except in Afar and Harari in
the country. Besides this, TACON has experience in working abroad in Somaliland. To mention
some of the projects that has typical industrial projects include Bole Lemmi Industrial Park Phase
I cycle I site work & retaining wall project and Yayo Fertilizer Factory Project.
More specifically, TACON has been successfully completed many construction works in Oromia
Regional State include: President’s Office at Adama, Robe Stadium, Jimma Agricultural College,
In Addis Ababa the construction projects has been the Forestry Gene Bank Building, the African
Union upgrading works, TseTse Fly Eradication projects, Drug Quality Control Laboratory and
Office Building Project, Edna Mall Building Complex, 3B+G+10 Mixed-Use Building for Africa
Insurance Head Quarter Building, MeskayeHizunanMedhaneAlem Educational, Bless Agri-food
Laboratory Building and Commercial Building, National Oil Data Repository Building,
3B+G+M+12 Commercial Bank of Ethiopia Megenagna Branch Office Complex Building and
Bole Lemmi Industrial Park Phase I Cycle I, Site work & Retaining wall works.
In Somali Region the Kebribeyah Customs Office, Gode Rural Technology Center and others, in
the Southern Region agricultural project buildings, in Benishangul Gumuz the GilgelBeles
Education Bureau, low cost houses and prison administration buildings and in Southern Nations
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Nationalities Region, FDRE Hawassa University Awada Campus different building blocks were
constructed by TACON.
In Amhara Regional state, TACON constructed the Woreta Agriculture College, Gonder OPD,
Debre Markos UCBP Project Phase I, II & III UCBP, the Infrastructure Networking in Debre
Markos.
In Tigray Regional state, Air Force Staff Apartment projects, Market Complex (Phase I), Market
Complex (Phase II), Tigray Stadium Complex Phase I Project and Mekele University were
constructed by TACON.
1.2.1 Vision, Mission and Core Value of the Company

Vision
To become one of the top ten construction companies in Africa on 2025
Mission
To provide state of the art engineering and construction service to the highest satisfaction of clients
through valuing people, creating long term relationship, being cost effective, timely delivery of
service, enhance corporate social responsibility and ensuring safety and environmental concerns.
Core Value
Timeliness: we understand the value of time in our industry and we strive to provide timely
services, deliver our projects on time, which is in creative and innovative manner and satisfy their
requirements.
Acting with integrity: we practice the highest standards of honesty, truthfulness, reliability and
fairness in every aspect of our work and in all our business relationships. We stand true to the
principles we believe in.
Care for people: we believe that employees are the base for our success and hence hold the
utmost care for a satisfying work environment; we promote safe working environments. We respect
the ideas of others and support each other to achieve TACON’s vision and mission, in decision
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making, openness, teamwork, trust and commitment at all levels with shared benefits. We
contribute our share to the best of capacity for the development of the community.
Operational excellence: We consistently focus on high quality service and the application of
advanced technology. We encourage new and innovative ideas with forward thinking as we always
stands for continuous improvement. We promote professionalism and excellence in all functional
areas by engaging and encouraging people.
Never ending passion: We strive to do in passion or in the application of the modern art of
engineering equipment, tools and method/framework. We love what we do or we work with great
emotion/ feeling in the projects we engage in.
Address
Head Office: Addis Ababa, Yeka Sub City, Wereda 13,9999/Block 167
Megenagna-Ayat Road, Near to St. Michael Church (CMC),
Telephone Number+ 251(0)118 691880/118965311/912502110
E. mail: taconeng@ethionet.et/girmadawit87@yahoo.com
1.2.2 Award Given to the Company
 International Construction Award for Quality & Excellence for its Services from Global Trade
Leaders Club in 2015
 World Business Leader Award for being a successful Leader Who Works in an Innovative,
Knowledgeable & Systematic Manner from The Bizz in 2015
 Gold Award for Excellence & Business Prestige from Quality Summit New York 2014
Figure 6: Award given to the Company
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1.3 How did I get into the company?

Firstly, I applied my internship request letter which is given by AASTU, college of architecture and civil
engineering, department of civil engineering to ERA. Accordingly, ERA gave me an acceptance letter to
participate in its one of road project; Abomsa - Aseko - Bedeyi - Cheleleka Road Project: LOT 1-Abomsa
-Aseko - Dibu River (58.7kms) and the project is constructed by TACON. Finally, I got an accommodation
letter from head office of TACON to satisfy facilities that are given to me at the camp.
1.4 Organizational Structure of the company
PROJECT MANAGER
Project Secretary
Administration
Construction Head Office Engineering Head Supply Head Finance Head
Head
Construction Surveying Design and IPC

Earth Work Cost Control follow up
Section Cross section
Template
preparation
Structure Data Control
Works Pipe Culvert
drawing
preparation
Pavement
Construction Laboratory Slab culvert
and retaing
wall drawing
Equipment Bridge
Administration Drawing
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1.5 Objectives of the project

1.5.1 General Objective
The client is constructing this road to link Eastern Arsi Zone with Western Harergea to avoid
further traffic congestion and facilitate the movement of anticipated future traffic and transporting
goods and peoples. Abomsa-Aseko-Bedeyi-Cheleleka road is one of the route to import and export
goods. This mainly network small villages like Gado, Hela, Sengo, Irrecha and Dibu for safe,
efficient and fast movement of people and goods. Constructing the road contribute meaning full
solution for the problem happen from the delay of transportation of good from the each town. The
project contribute a valuable means for development of country.
1.5.2 Specific Objective

Constructing of the road project is used for
 Linking Eastern Arsi Zone and Western Harerge, also to develop the Social, Economical
and Political states of the region connected
 Minimize the cost of the transport paid before constructing the road, because the road
minimize the cost, time and length
 Urbanization and development of local society
 Create job opportunities for people in the local society and man power
 To decrease death of peoples due to lack of transportation
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CHAPTER TWO
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY USED
2.1 Materials used

Materials used for construction road project are:
 Dozer: used to excavate, push and borrow rocks, soils and other materials
 Excavator: Used to cut slopes, excavates, and loads materials to Dump trucks
 Grader: is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface during the
process.
 Loader: is mainly used for loading, to move loose soil, digging
 Roller: used for compaction of embankment layer, sub base construction, base course
construction
 Dump Truck: Used for conveying and dumping material
 Water Truck: Showering embankment construction
 Diesel Truck: Used to distribute diesel for machineries and vehicles on site
 Water Pump: Used for pumping of ground water and
 Total Station: measure horizontal and vertical angles, slope distances, horizontal distances,
and elevation, easting and northing coordinate
 Leveling: measure the height of specified points relative to a datum.
 Wagon driller: a drilling machine used for drilling hard rocks
2.2 Methodology used
I used to the following methodologies to gain experience and information about the
Project by asking;
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 Oral questions to site supervisors
 Objective of the project
 Components of the site construction
 How to construct these components
 Site worker and Forman
a) Roller b) Loader c) Excavator
d) Dozer e) Grader g) Shower Truck f) Wagon driller
Figure 7: Some machines used in the project
AASTU 15
CHAPTER THREE
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT, DESIGN WORK AND

ACCOMPLISHMENT OF ACTIVITIES
3.1 Accomplishment of activities

3.1.1 Site Works
Site is the area of land within which the Contractor will construct the permanent works
which shall also include areas set aside for camps, borrow areas and deviations. Site works are
the activities that are done in site in coordinate with the site foreman, structure and site engineers.
The works done includes:-
 Camp Establishment  Embankment Work

 Site Clearance and Grubbing  Surveying Work
 Excavation Works
3.1.1.1 Camp Establishment
As it is mentioned on ERA specification 2013 it is the responsibility of the contractor to execute

the Camp. So Tekleberhan Ambaye Contractor has established the contactor’s camp and yet
establishing consultant’s camp on station 28+080, where it is located around 2.8km away from
“Arba Guracha River”. The Camp provides the following services for contractor’s staff
 Dorm facilities for Engineers, Operators  Mess haul

and other employees
 Stores
 Office
 Potable water supply for both drinking  Clinic
and sanitary
 DSTV room for recreation  Garage service for vehicles and
machineries
 Electricity supply (by Generator)  Cloth washing basin
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Some of ERA specifications to establish camp are:
 Camps shall not be located within or in the proximity of urban center, on fertile farmlands,
forested land owned by either by farmers or governmental organization, other sensitive
areas such as ecological site, dense forests, and bank of water source.
 Camps shall be located at least 1km away streams and rivers.
 Camps shall be located to minimize disruption to local population, fauna, flora and water
courses.
Figure 8: Contractor's Camp overview
Housing Accommodation for the Engineer
The Contractor shall provide, erect, furnish, equipand maintain for the duration of the Contract
period, any or all of the following housing accommodation. The type of facility and the numbers
required are shown in the Bill of Quantities.
Houses for the Engineer shall be:
(i) Type A houses (RE Houses): With 2 bedrooms, living and dining area, a kitchen and bathroom
(having a toilet, a wash basin, shower and/or bath and a mirror).
(ii) Type B houses (Senior Engineers houses): With 1 bedroom, living/dining area, and a
bathroom (having a toilet, a wash basin, shower and a mirror).
AASTU 17
(iii) Type C houses (Junior Engineers House): Multiple bedrooms, common toilet and bathroom
for two rooms (The toilet and bathroom shall be separate having a toilet, a wash basin, shower and
a mirror).
(iv) Type D house (Mess Hall): Kitchen, dining room, lounge, store, separate Ladies and Gents
toilets and lobby.
The buildings shall be constructed with approved prefabricated elements (magnesium board),
hollow blocks or other approved materials as shown in the Contract. The construction material to
be used shall be strong and durable. The buildings shall be constructed at a location to be
approved by the Engineer and shall conform to current building and architectural practice in
Ethiopia for good quality buildings, and as approved by the Engineer.
The bellows pictures are Consultants houses which are yet establishing.
a) RE’s House b) Senior Engineer’s House c) Junior Engineer’s House
Figure 9: Consultant Staff's house
3.1.1.2 Site Clearance and Grubbing
Site clearance covers the clearing of the Site and grubbing necessary for the construction
of the permanent Works and the removal and disposal of materials resulting from clearing and
grubbing.
It includes the removal of all tress, brush, vegetation, rubbish, fences and other materials. It also
includes the removal and disposal of structures which can be cleared by means of a dozer and
excavator. After the clearing and grubbing, the subsequent fill activities will be immediately done
to avoid re-clearing and re-grubbing.
AASTU 18
The area of clearing and grubbing shall be 50cm out wards in both sides of the design edge to
obtain a sufficient work space and to avoid contamination of the sub grade material by the top Soil.
 Clearing: refers to the removal of materials above existing ground surface.
 Grubbing: means the removal of roots, stumps and similar objects to a nominal
depth below the surface
Figure 10: Site Clearance
3.1.1.3 Excavation Work
a. Common (Normal) Excavation
Excavation is the activity formed by cutting, digging or scooping.Mainly Excavator and Dozer are
machineries used for excavation work and to push the excavated material.
b. Undercut Excavation
Undercut excavation is excavation of the soil below the normal depth of excavation. Mainly in this
project the undercut depth is in between of 60cm – 1m. Undercut excavation is recommended
when the soil is unsuitable or expansive, which is low in bearing capacity to encounter the load.
AASTU 19
Figure 11: Undercut Excavation at station 39+300
c. Slope Cut Excavation
Slope cut excavation is excavation of sloppy areas by using ratio’s based on bearing capacity of
the soil. The dimensions shall be in accordance with the cross sections and details shown in the
Contract or as instructed by the Engineer. The slopes of cuttings shall be trimmed to neat lines and
to a standard that is generally attainable with proper care and workmanship in the type of material
concerned. All loose rocks, stones, and other material shall be removed from the slopes. The final
surface of slopes shall have a rough surface suitable for subsequent grassing or which will allow
the natural vegetation to grow as described in the Contract. Some of ratios to cut slopes are (H:V)
3:1, 2:1, 3:2, 0:1, 1:1, 0.5:1.
Ratio Description
0:1 Sound rocks
1:1 Moderate rock
2:1 Soil
3:1 Very weak soil
AASTU 20
a) 3:2 ratio b) 3:2 ratio (left) and 0.5:1 ratio (right)
c) 3:2 ratio (left) and 3:1 ratio (right) d) 1:1 ratio
Figure 12: Typical Slope Cuts at different sta.
3.1.1.3 Embankment Work

They are fill section of the road based on the design. Materials used for these structures are not
affected by plasticity index that much because we can apply the capping layer over it to prevent
damping if the surface is very wet. Embankment fill is the filling of suitable material instead of
unsuitable/expansive soil. If the undercut is 60cm then, the embankment fill is done in 3 layers;
each layer is 20cm while if undercut is 1m then the fill will be done by 5 layers
a. Capping layer
This operation includes production, mixing, transporting and placing of the same to the dimension
and cross section profile. Sources of investigated material will be exploited and mixed by chain
excavator and hauled to the carriageway using dump trucks. Reliable screening system will be
established at the source if required to reduce undesired portion of the material before it is hauled
AASTU 21
Sufficient quantity of the approved materials for a single layer will be dumped at the working
place. Then after it will be spread, mixed with water and placed by motor grader. However, as
alternative mixing with water could take place at of production.
After completing the spreading, mixing and placing process, compaction with vibratory roller
throughout the enter layer will continue until the specified density is achieved. Field density tests
will then be conducted on the completed layers.
b. Cut or borrow to fill
Potential sources for production of borrow material should be identified so as start borrow to fill
work as early as possible. The material will be produced using dozer and/or excavator and hauled
to site using dump trucks. Mixing of material, red ash, with clay binder at pre-determined ratio
will be carried out at borrow area or on the carriageway using loaders
Spreading and placing will be performed using grader; water truck and single drum vibratory
rollers. When situation permit cut to fill operation, excavator, dump truck, grader, and water
truck and roller combination will be utilized.
However, before any filling operation carried out any existing unsuitable material shall be
removed and replace with selected material according to the technical specification submitted
by the main contractor. Finished compacted layer thickness should always be between 150mm
and 250mm, and the moisture contents should be within 2% tolerance to the optimum moisture
content. Rolling operation should be parallel to the center line of the road; it will be in
sequence from the edge toward the center with overlapping one third of rolling trace.
Figure 13: Typical Embankment Fill on station 5+600
AASTU 22
3.1.1.4 Surveying
Surveying: is the science, art, and technology of determining (measuring) the relative position of
points above, on or beneath the Earth surface or of establishing such points. Surveying is a
prerequisite to most civil engineering design and construction projects.
In practical highway engineering projects, surveying provides the foundation for
• Route selection and location • Geometric design
• Culvert and bridge design • Right of Way mapping
• Land acquisition studies • Highway construction works.

It also provides the basis for precise estimation of quantities and cost estimates.
Terminologies that I know while I was on surveying field
 Differential leveling: is the process of determining the elevation of a new point from the
known elevation of an existing point. The resulting data from leveling is a significant piece of
engineering design. This data is also used for mapping and construction projects.
 Benchmark -is an object that has a location, both vertically and horizontally, that is relatively
permanent. A point on this object has a known or assumed elevation that is relative to a
predetermined datum
 Backsight (B.S.)- Rod reading taken on a point of known elevation, sometimes called a plus
(+) shot.
 Foresight (F.S.)- Rod reading taken on a point to determine the elevation on that point,
sometimes called a minus (-) shot.
 Turning Point (T.P.)- An intermediate reference point used when it is necessary to move the
instrument ahead while running a line of levels.
 Height of Instrument (H.I.)- The elevation of the level line sight projected by the instrument,
when properly set up.
 Blue Top– is a grade stake, where after completing the embankment, Blue Tops are set at the
top of the sub-grade.
AASTU 23
 Leveling Rods - A leveling rod is a graduated pole or stick, used with a surveyor's level to
measure differences in elevation.
Lists of surveying instruments that I have seen on the road project:
• TOTAL STATION
The Total Station is an EDM (Electronic Distance Measuring) which measures precisely. It can
measure horizontal and vertical angles, slope distances, horizontal distances, and elevation, easting
and northing coordinate. And it performs numerous calculations using these measurements. With
the aim of this machine I have practiced how to lay down the points of CL, RHS and LHS on the
ground.
• LEVELLING
Finding levels during surveying, or providing levels for road construction.
• SLOPE STAKES
These are the survey party's primary means of communication. Survey stakes are normally set to
establish and designate a work point or reference point on the ground.
Appropriate information is written on the stake instructing construction personnel (Eg. Station,
Alignment, Elevation) as to the work to be performed. Because these stakes are the actual physical
basis for construction, it is essential that they be set at the correct location with the data written on
them in a legible and understandable manner.
There are several satisfactory methods of showing information on slope stakes. The intent is to
provide the workers adequate information of:
• Where to begin a cut or fill
• Which slope to follow
• The depth or height of the cut or fill
• Show additional information, but not to the point of confusion
AASTU 24
Figure 14: Slope Stake with station
Figure 15: Surveying Instrument
3.1.2 Laboratory Test
3.1.2.1 Material Test in Laboratory room
3.1.2.1.1 Soil Consistency Test (Atterberg Limit)

Atterberg limit test is performed to determine the plastic, liquid limit and plasticity index of a soil.
Since plastic index is liquid limit minus plastic limit.
3.1.2.1.1.1 Liquid Limit Test

Liquid limit is defined as maximum water content in percent or is the moisture content that depends
that defines where the soil changes from a plastic a viscous fluid state. Firstly by using of a wash
AASTU 25
bottle we wet the sample, then using 40 blows,30 blows,20 blows and 12-15 blows of casagrande
is taken and finally measure the sample on place where it meets each other.
Apparatus that are used in the liquid limit test
 Casagrande  Balance
 Dream  Moisture can
 Dish  Oven dry
 Wash bottle  Specula
3.1.2.1.1.2 Plastic Limit test
The plastic limit (PL) is the water content in percent at which a soil can no longer be deformed by
rolling in to 3mm diameter threads without crumble or it is a moisture content that defines where
the soil changes from semi-solid to plastic (flexible) state. The soil sample used is pass by 0.75mm
sieve and in our project the test sample is taken from sta. 26+800 RHS.
Apparatus that are used in the plastic limit test
 Moisture can  Balance

 Glass plate  Specula
 Oven dry  Pan
Figure 16: Atterberg Limit
AASTU 26
3.1.2.1.2 CBR Test
California bearing ratio (CBR) test is the measure of strength of the sub-grade, sub-base and base
course materials for pavements. It measures the resistance of a material to penetration of standard
plunger under controlled density and moisture conditions. CBR value is expressed as a percentage
of the actual load causing the penetrations o 2.54mm and 5.08mm to standard loads are 13.34 KN
and 20KN for 2.54mm and 5.08mm respectively.
CBR= load carries by specimen *100

Load carries by standard specimen
In our project by taking similar three samples and the average CBR value of three test specimens
is taken as CBR value of the sample.
Apparatus that are used for CBR test
 Dishes  Soaking tank

 Oven dry  Loading machine with penetration piston
 Cylindrical moulds  Balance
 Filter paper  Trimming knife
 Rammer  20mm and 4.75mm sieve swelling
 Providing ring measuring apparatus
Figure 17: CBR Test
AASTU 27
3.1.2.1.3 Proctor Test
Proctor test is performed to determine the relationship between the moisture content and the dry
density of a soil for specified compaction force and to determine maximum dry density (MDD)
and optimum moisture content (OMC).
Optimum moisture content (OMC) is the water content that results in the greatest density for a
specified compaction effort.
There are two types of proctor test;
1. The Standard proctor test

2. The Modified proctor test: This is used in this project.
3.1.2.1.3.1The standard proctor test

In these test a soil sample is compacted by 2.6 KG rammer free falling in to a soil filled cylindrical
mould .these cylindrical mould is filled with equal three layers of soil .each layers are compacted
by twenty five drops of rammer.
3.1.2.1.3.2 The modified proctor test

This test is identical as standard proctor test except it applies a free falling 4.5 KG in each five
layers of soil filled mould instead of three layers of standard proctor test.
Apparatus that are used for proctor test
 Rammer  Hammer
 Mould  Scoup
 Balance  Cylinder
 Straight edge  Plate
 Container  Oven dry
AASTU 28
Figure 18: Proctor Test
3.1.2.2 Laboratory activity on site
3.1.2.2.1 Field Density Test

This test measure the density of compacted soil at the field and consequently measure of moisture
content of the soil it must be ≥ 95% of a density that gain from the laboratory according to
AASTHO. It measures the density moisture content of embankment (in each layer), sub-grade and
sub-base after it is compacted by roller and showered by shower truck. Compaction test can be
tested by 3 methods.
1. Sand cone replacement

2. Water replacement
3. Nuclear gauge replacement use ray
Commonly Sand cone replacement is used in Ethiopia to determine the density of compacted soils
using the replacement calibrated sand in the laboratory.
Apparatus that are used in Field Density Test

 Calibrated Sand  Matches  Sand pouring cylinder
 Balance  Benzene  Excavating tools
 Hammer  Brush  Sieve
 Rectangular metal with circular hole
AASTU 29
Figure 19: Field Density Test
3.1.3 Office Work

The Office of the supervision engineer comprises the Quantity surveyor and draft person who is
responsible for preparation and approval of template drawing of the road, working drawings of
culverts & bridges, quantity surveying and review of contractor’s monthly payment. This chapter
reviews the activities done by the office section during the intern ship program.
3.1.3.1 Terms Used in Office Work
Described, hereafter are some of the terminologies learned from the internship program.
Template drawing: this is a type of drawing showing required information about the pavement
such as elevation, offsets, slopes, OGL, cut areas and fill areas.
Structural drawing: this is classified as minor and major structures minor structure involves
drainages and culverts and major structures are bridges.
Curve Widening: widening of road to accommodate long vehicles to maneuver easily without
going back and forth.
Super elevation: change of cross fall of the road to prevent (to tackle) centrifugal force of vehicles
passing with design speed on curves is called supper elevation.
AASTU 30
Pedestrian Lane: the part of the road constructed for use by peoples to reduce vehicular
traffic jam as well as accident.
Roadway: consists of the carriageway and the shoulders, parking lanes curbs and medians
Shoulder: The portion of the road between the outer edges and the edges of the carriage-way are
called shoulders. It will provide wherever possible for emergency stopping and lateral support of
the carriageway pavement.
Lane width: Lane is high way featuring having great influence on safety and comfort condition
of the road.
Right of way: This is the overall dimension considered as part of the road. In this project the right
of width is 30 meter; having equal dimension from the centerline (that is 15 m to left and 15m to
the right)
Side slopes and back slopes: Side slope is the slope that is used to control the stability of the
pavement layers and Back slope is the slope adjacent to natural ground. Flat slopes are required
for safety, and a slope of 1 (vertical) and 3 (horizontal), that is 1: 3, which is generally assumed
the steepest acceptable for this Project.
3.1.3.2 Monthly Report
Daily, weekly and month reports are prepared in office and send to head office. Quantity of
materials that are done in a day, a week, and in a month is calculated. The table below shows a
sample of summary progress report of April 2019
AASTU 31
Table 4: Sample of summary Progress for the Month of April, 2019

Weighted
Contract Actual/ Plan
Division
Description Avg of Up to Previous Period This Period (for the Month of April, 2019) To date
Amount ETB (%)
Total (%)
Actual
In %
Actual Executed Planned Executed Actual Executed
Amount In % Amount Amount In % Planned Amount In % Amount In %
28,155,283.90 59.32% 903,408.88 1.90% 259,875.00 0.55% 31,095,944.95 65.52% 28,415,158.90 59.87% 91.38%
1000 General 47,460,729.32 6.04%
Site 60,782.40 1.24% 648,756.99 13.25% 0.00% 2,811,647.98 57.44% 60,782.40 1.24% 2.16%
2000 Clearance 4,895,160.00 0.62%
0.00% 1,733,424 1.18% 96,840.00 0.07% 4,447,765.43 3.02% 96,840.00 0.07% 2.18%
3000 Drainage 147,199,755.00 18.75%
Earth 106,595,580.28 35.22% 23,564,980.69 7.79% 6,265,161.23 2.07% 152,570,032.11 50.40% 112,860,741.51 37.29% 73.97%
4000 works 302,691,531.50 38.55%
Sub-base,
Road base
and Gravel -
Wearing
5000 Course 77,809,467.80 9.91%
Bituminous -
6000 Surfacings 68,092,372.80 8.67%
6,339,097.00 5.51% 10,275,402.74 8.93%
8000 Structures 115,065,788.40 14.65%
Ancillary
Road -
9000 Works 19,038,483.00 2.42%
DW Dayworks 2,940,089.13 0.37%

Grand
134,811,646.58 17.17% 33,189,667.68 4.23% 6,621,876.23 0.84% 201,200,793.21 25.62% 141,433,522.81 18.01% 70.29%
Total of All
Bills( ETB) 785,193,376.95 100.00%
Actual Vs 70.29%
Plan (%) 19.95%
AASTU 32
3.1.3.3 Preparation and Approval of Road Templates
Cross section survey for every 20 meter and on curves points 10 meter is taken by surveyors. The cross
section reading is presented in station, easting, northing and elevation. The design data (horizontal,
vertical and typical road drawings) and cross section survey is used in EAGLE POINT software to
produce road templates.
The quantity surveyor and drafts person prepares road templates. The contractor submitted template is
checked with the template prepared by the consultant office. If the template is accepted, approval is
given and all construction data for setting out the work is generated from the approved templates.
Construction data includes center line data, width and level of individual pavements of the road, back
slope in cut sections and embankment slope in fills etc.The following illustration shows typical template
drawing for fill and cut section.
Figure 20: Typical Cut Section
Figure 21: Typical Fill Section

AASTU 33
Figure 22: Typical Cut and Fill section
3.1.3.4 Structure Working Drawings
The quantity surveyor and draft person are responsible for checking of structure working drawings
prepared and submitted by the contractor.
Quantity surveyor: survey the quantity of materials and prepare a bill of payment for each work
item executed which is to be checked by the office engineer and approved by project manager.
Draft man: is responsible for prepared detail drawings of construction materials and draws plans
and sketches the structure of road construction.
These working drawings includes pipe culvert, slab culvert, bridge, and other precast elements
such as reinforced concrete pipes, guide posts, km posts traffic sign posts, curb stones and others.
The contractor uses typical drawings from the engineering drawings so as to prepare the working
drawings. The working drawings should present detail information for setting out (both x, y and
z), dimensions, and reinforcement details including bar schedules. In addition, it should have
quantities of measurable items as per the bill of quantity (BOQ) of the contract.
AASTU 34
CHAPER FOUR
ASSESSMENT OF THE INTERNSHIP
4.1 About the internship program

In order to relate the theoretical and experimental knowledge of students to the actual practice,
AASTU has arranged an internship program for students. Accordingly, the internship program
could make students able to;
 improve communication skill
 understand working environment
 relate theoretical knowledge with actual practice
 develop good relationship with company and/or industries
 earn technical skills that helps for future carrier
4.2 General benefit gained from internship

While I was working in Tekleberhan Ambaye Construction P.L.C in general I have gained
the following important and interesting benefits:
 Development of practical skills  Upgrading of theoretical knowledge
 Interpersonal communication skills  Improving team work skills
 Improving leadership skills  Learning of work ethics
 Entrepreneurship skill
Development of practical skills
This internship program able me to narrow the gap between student life and professional life and
also provided me a platform to introduce myself in professional field.
Generally the major practical skills I have gained from internship are:
 Developing of laboratory and field tests
AASTU 35
 Process and method of earth work and
 Surveying works
Upgrading theoretical knowledge
 I have gained theoretical Knowledge of the civil engineering field such as soil
mechanics and high way engineering
 I have gained an understanding on the properties of materials and differentiating between

materials that can be used for different construction purpose
 I have gained knowledge of drainage structures selection on the discharge of water that
comes from the catchment area.
 I have got better understand that quality of material has a significant effect on the road
construction.
Interpersonal communication skill
The contractor and consultants’ streams communicate each other in order to run their activities
effectively, but the project will not attain the required standard if there is no communication
the project will not complete within a specified time. So, I understand that interpersonal
communication is very essential to run the project work effectively.
4.3 Responsibility undertaken in the internship program

The most of my internship time I spent in the site work. So I get an opportunity to understand the
site condition and construction philosophy by asking all the person what they are doing in detail
and the technics in all progress. After I understand and adapt the site work I start to participate as
one of the member of the construction team.
4.4 Problems that are encountered to the project during internship

1) Lack of coordination: The Consultant and contractor have a problem to coordinate each other
during construction and field tests of laboratory. Thus consultants must check different activities
and tests like field density test, as built reading before proceed to another step of construction. But
in our project sometimes contractors construct and test with the absence of consultant’s onsite.
AASTU 36
2) Rain case: Rain case is one of the major issues encountered during the construction. In case of
the day when there is no work because of that the site gets muddy that’s why machines will not
move from one place to another.
3) Shortage of dump trucks: Due to the shortage of dump trucks on site it causes the
accumulation of wastes and unsuitable material thought the road.
4) Problem of transportation: Its one of the major issues encountered in our project due to
shortage of vehicles. . Here in our project shortage of transport service is one of a problem for
mobilization from place to place, so I advice that the company to provide adequate transport
services to the employees and interns.
5) Lack of good management: As the contractor is new to road construction, it lucks well
organized and planed systems. It changes the project manager repeatedly, which cause
discontinuity in its work progress. The contractor does not pay the salary of employee and rental
machine such as machines, dump truck, service bus and cars on time. This caused, the work moral
of employee is decreased and the contract agreement of machines, dump trucks and service bus is
to be disappeared and escape from the project. To solve this problem the contractor should improve
his management and take care of its employee.
6) Unable to pass field density test: Embankment layers may not pass field density test and its
moisture content in different station during test. It may cause under compaction with less shower
or over compaction with excess shower.
7) Right of way: The most challenging problem in our project was right way problem. It is related
to maintaining boundary of road. As the compensation of right way is not payed on time, the
farmers obligate to complain and stop the work progress. This cause the overall work progress to
slow down. To solve this problem the client and local land administration authority should finish
it before the work is start.
8) Shortage of fuel: Road construction machineries consume huge liters of fuel per their working
hours. Consequently, to satisfy this demand, enough supply of fuel is needed. That’s why there
was delay of work due to shortage of fuel.
AASTU 37
a) Due to rain
b) Stocks due to shortage of dump trucks
Figure 23: Problem encountered on the project
AASTU 38
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion
The internship program is a very interesting and cheery period of education in which behalf of
civil engineering knowledge is grasped. Beyond practical experience in my core area of study,
working intern with Ethiopian Road authority (ERA) helped me to develop and apply other skill
that is essential to my long term professional success. Also intern helped me to develop
opportunity to personal, critical thinking, presentation, networking and political acumen skills.
Developing these essential career skills is just as important to my overall internship experience.
TACON is good hosting company for internship students. It’s the largest local companies in their
field of operation and projects executed by the company are interesting. The site supervision work
enables the intern to get enough knowledge in terms of improving problem solving, leadership and
improving interpersonal communication skills. The internship program opens its gate to train my
theoretical knowledge in practical ways and I have an opportunity to involve in such different
working area. Surveying, Structural works, Earth works and Laboratory works in road project
throughout the internship period.
Recommendation
The main thing I want to recommend to my hosting company is even through confirming
me willingly is its charity, it should be creating the intern students as its working staff, not as
external body who attack them company only for observing their work at the site simple. Also I
recommend for company to increase their products which are listed below:
 Try to keep professional skilled powers of the company; this enables the firm attend
projects with a lot of speed and accuracy.
 Substitute workers rapidly as soon as possible when they resign from the company
 Use additional modern computers, machines, and equipment’s; this will enable the project
to be finished quickly and will save a lot of time and facilitate the work flow in the company
and also has the advantages of using the machineries for a longer period of time.
AASTU 39
Reference
1. AASTHO. (2001).AASTHO Design Manual: Washington DC.
2. ASTM.ASTUM standard Test Method: America.
3. Braja M.Das. (2015).fundamentals of geotechnical engineering: Madrid Spain.
4. ERA. (2014).Standard Technical Specification and Method of measurement: Addis Ababa.
5. Laboratory C.M. (2000).Laboratory testing manual: Tanzania.
6. Yang H.Huang. (2005).pavement analysis and design: Kentuchy University.
7. K. R. Arora (2002). soil mechanics and foundation engineering
AASTU 40
Appendices
Lot: A sizable portion of work or quantity of material which is assessed as a unit for the purpose
of quality control and selected to represent material or work produced by essentially the same
process and materials.
Mould: a container used for taking sample for test
Borrow: the place where selective material is taken
Right of way: This is the overall dimension considered as part of the road. In this project the right
of width is 30 meter; having equal dimension from the centerline (that is 15 m to left and 15m to
the right)
Capping Layer (Selected or improved sub grade): The top of embankment or bottom of
excavation prior to construction of pavement structure.
Cutting: means all excavations from the road prism including side drains, and excavations for intersecting
roads including, where classified as cut, excavations for open drains.
Fill: Material of which a man-made raised structure or deposit such as an embankment is composed,
including soil, soil-aggregate or rock. Material imported to replace unsuitable roadbed material is also
classified as fill.
AASTU 41

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Addis Ababa Science and Technology

Department of Civil Engineering

FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT

Prepared By: Berhanu Abayneh

Period of internship: March, 2019-June, 2019

Company supervisor: Mr. Tesfamicheal

Academic supervisor/Advisor: Mrs. Meseret Girma

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................................ 16

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AASHTO - American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials

CBR - California Bearing Ratio

DBST - Double Bitumen Surface Treatment

EDM - Electronic Distance Measuring

ERA - Ethiopian Road Authority

ETB - Ethiopian Birr

FDT - Field Density Test

LHS - Left Hand Side

MDD - Maximum Dry Density

OMC - Optimum Moisture Content

PLC - Private Limited Company

RHS - Right Hand Side

ROW - Right of Way

RSDP - Road Sector Development Program

TACON -Tekleberhan Ambaye Construction

1.1 Background of the Project

Region/Zone Oromia Regional State

1.1.2 Brief Project Description

1.1.3 Project Location

Figure 1: Project Location Map

1.1.4 Terrain Classification

Table 2: Terrain Classification

Road Stretch Total % age

13+900 16+500 2.6

43+600 46+590 2.99

29+200 36+910 7.71

1.1.5 Existing Structures on the Project

Figure 2: Existing Bridge on Arba Guracha River at km 25+170

1.1.6 New Bridge Structures to be built

a. Bogdo Stream (KM-42.5)

Figure 3: Bogdo River

b. Sirba Stream (KM-47.5)

Figure 4: Sirba River

c. Dibu Stream (KM-58.145)

Figure 5: Dibu River

1.1.7 Climate condition of the Project

Table 3: Summary of Bills and Weighted Average

Division Description Contract %

1.1.9 Scope of the work

1.2 Overview of the Company

Tekleberhan Ambaye Construction PLC (TACON) was established in 1993 as a Class 6 BC by

1.2.1 Vision, Mission and Core Value of the Company

To become one of the top ten construction companies in Africa on 2025

Figure 6: Award given to the Company

1.3 How did I get into the company?

1.4 Organizational Structure of the company

Construction Surveying Design and IPC

1.5 Objectives of the project

1.5.2 Specific Objective

 Urbanization and development of local society

 To decrease death of peoples due to lack of transportation

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY USED

2.1 Materials used

 Loader: is mainly used for loading, to move loose soil, digging

Berhanu's Final Internship Report Aastu

Berhanu's Final Internship Report Aastu