COM, Momentum and

Collision

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COLLISIONS COM, Momentum
We define a collision as an isolated event in which two or more colliding
bodies exert relatively strong forces on each other for a relatively short and Collision
time.
Two key rules of the collision game are:
(i) Law of conservation of linear momentum, and CENTRE OF MASS
(ii) Law of conservation of energy.
(a) Elastic Collision: A collision in which there is absolutely no loss
of kinetic energy is called an elastic collision.
The basic characteristics of an elastic collision are:
(i) The linear momentum is conserved.
(ii) Total energy of the system is conserved.
(iii) The kinetic energy is conserved.
(iv) The forces involved during elastic collisions must be conservative
Kinematics of COM
forces.
(b) Inelastic Collision: A collision in which there occurs some loss
of kinetic energy is called an inelastic collision.
The basic characteristics of an inelastic collision are
(i) The linear momentum is conserved.
(ii) Total energy is conserved.
(iii) Kinetic energy is NOT conserved. Obviously, a part of kinetic energy
is converted into some other form of energy e.g., heat energy, sound
energy etc.
(iv) Some or all the forces involved in an inelastic collision may be
non-conservative in nature
 COM, Momentum Inelastic Collision in One Dimension

and Collision m1 u 1 + m 2 u 2 = m 1 v 1 + m 2
v2
Elastic Collision in One Dimension

Elastic Collision in two Dimension of Oblique Collision

0 = m1 v1 sin θ - m2 v2 sin ϕ

v2 - v 1 = u 1 - u 2

Hence, in one dimensional elastic collision

relative velocity of separation after collision is
equal to relative velocity of approach before
collision. Perfectly inelastic collision in two dimensions

m1 u1 sin θ + 0 = (m1 + m2) V sin ϕ

COM, Momentum and
Collision

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