SaintLouisUniversity

SCHOOLOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE
LABORATORYMANUAL

Name:BALUSDAN DANRHEY B. Date:04/05/24 Score:

Group#:3
TLO 3:
Develop skills in connecting the circuits of a half-wave rectifier and a full wave
rectifier, and in using the oscilloscope to make observations of signal waveforms after
carrying out well-defined scientific procedures.
I. INTRODUCTION:
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which
periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction.
The process is known as rectification, since it "straightens" the direction of current.
Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as components of DC power
supplies and high-voltage direct current power transmission systems. Rectification may
serve in roles other than to generate direct current for use as a source of power. As
noted, detectors of radio signals serve as rectifiers. In gas heating systems flame
rectification is used to detect presence of a flame.
Because of the alternating nature of the input AC sine wave, the process of
rectification alone produces a DC current that, though unidirectional, consists of pulses
of current. Many applications of rectifiers, such as power supplies for radio, television
and computer equipment, require a steady constant C current (as would be produced
by a battery).
II. MATERIALS/EQUIPMENTNEEDED:
Transformer12V,1A Oscilloscope
CR1-CR4 - SiliconDiodes
RL - 1kΩ, 1 W
C1 - 4.7µF
C2 - 2200µF
Connectingleads
III. PROCEDURES(donotwriteanythinghere)
Objective A. Demonstratetheoperationof a half-waverectifierbydisplayingand measuring
peak output voltages.
1.
A. Setthetransformerto12V.

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 SaintLouisUniversity
SCHOOLOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE
LABORATORYMANUAL
B. Connectthehalf-waverectifiercircuitshownbelow

C. InsteadofaVOM,connecttheoscilloscopetotheinputsideoftheHalf-wave rectifier.
D. Observetherectifierinputvoltagewaveformdisplayedontheoscilloscope
screen(asshowninFigure1).Itshouldbeasinewave.Measurethepeak-to-
peakvoltage.

Figure1
INPUT:Vin= Vp-p
Period, T = ms
Frequency, f = Hz
IstheinputACorDC?

2.
A. Connecttheoscilloscope(insteadofaVOM)totheoutputofthehalf-wave
rectifier(withoutthe4.7µFcapacitoryet).
B. Describetheoutputwaveform.
C. Measurethepositivepulsations.
HWOUTPUT:Vo = Vp
Period, T = ms

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SCHOOLOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE
LABORATORYMANUAL
Frequency,f= Hz
IsoutputACorDC?
D. CalculatetheaverageDCoutputvoltageusingtheequationforconverting
thepeakoutputofahalf-waverectifiertodirectcurrent.(Vm=Vp)
𝑉 =𝐷𝐶 𝑉

E. CalculatetheRMS(effective)outputvoltage
𝑉𝑟 𝑚𝑠 = 𝑉

Vm=Vp
F. Returnvoltagesourcetozero.

ObjectiveB.Demonstratetheoperationofafull-waverectifierbydisplayingand measuring DC
average and peak output voltages.
3.

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 SaintLouisUniversity
SCHOOLOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE
LABORATORYMANUAL
A. Connectthefull-waverectifiercircuitshown.

B. Identifythistypeofafullwaverectifiercircuit.
C. Connecttheoscilloscope(insteadofaVOM)totheoutputofthefull-
waverectifieracrossRL.
D. Describetheoutputwaveform
E. Measurethepeakvoltageofthepositivepulsations.
FWOUTPUT:Vout = Vp
Period, T = ms
Frequency,f= Hz
IsoutputACorDC?
F. Calculate the average dc output voltage using the equation for
convertingthepeakoutputofahalf-waverectifiertodirectcurrent.
𝑉 𝑎 𝑣 g =
𝐷𝐶 𝑉

G. Calculate the RMS(effective) output voltage

𝑉 𝑟 𝑚𝑠 = 𝑉

H. Return the signal source to zero.

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 SaintLouisUniversity
SCHOOLOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE
LABORATORYMANUAL
I. RESULTS
1.
D. INPUT : Vin =28Vp-p
Period,T = 2ms
Frequency,f=. 5Hz
Isthe inputACorDC?:AC
2.
B. Describe the output waveform:
- No negative volts
C. FW OUTPUT :Vout =15Vp
Period,T=5ms
Frequency,f =.2Hz
Is output AC or DC? : DC
D. 𝑉 =4.7746𝑉
𝐷𝐶

E. 𝑉 =7.5𝑉
𝑟 𝑚𝑠

3.
B.Identify this type of a full wave rectifier circuit.
-Bridgetype
D. Describe the output waveform:
- Pulsating in positive directions
E. FWOUTPUT: Vout=12Vp
Period,T=2ms
Frequency, f=. 5Hz
Is output AC or DC?:DC
F. 𝑉 =7.6394𝑉
𝐷𝐶

G. 𝑉 =12𝑉 𝑟 𝑚𝑠

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 SaintLouisUniversity
SCHOOLOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE
LABORATORYMANUAL

II. DISCUSSION
When conducting the experiment, We observed discrepancies in voltage
readings, particularly with the multimeter, and noticed that the full-wave rectifier
outputted only a portion of the input waveform, resulting in a lower voltage. This
prompted us to investigate the critical differences between half-wave and full-
wave rectifiers.
We learned that a half-wave rectifier converts only one-half of the AC cycle
into DC, utilizing just 50% of the cycle, while a full-wave rectifier converts the
entire AC cycle into pulsating DC. Moreover, the half-wave rectifier is
unidirectional, conducting in one direction only, while the full-wave rectifier is bi-
directional, conducting for both positive and negative halves of the cycle.Unlike the
simplicity of a half-wave rectifier with one diode, the full-wave rectifier involves
four diodes and requires precise node connections to prevent short circuits. This
experiment underscored the importance of careful setup and attention to detail in
electronic circuits.

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SCHOOLOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE
LABORATORYMANUAL
III. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, a rectifier is a device that converts AC to DC. The simplest type,
the half-wave rectifier, uses one diode to allow only the positive portions of the AC
signal to pass, resulting in an output that resembles the top half of the input
waveform. Conversely, full-wave rectifiers, employing four diodes, permit the
entire AC signal at the output, with polarity reversal during the negative half cycle.
Full-wave rectifiers offer advantages over their half-wave counterparts,
including a higher average DC output voltage and a smoother output waveform
Additionally, they utilize almost all of the power from the input signal With proper
smoothing techniques, the output voltage can approach twice the input peak voltage
under specific conditions, particularly with low load, capacitor smoothing, or
inductance from the network

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SCHOOLOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE
LABORATORYMANUAL
IV. REFERENCES
Diodes. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2021, from Electronics Tutoriala:
https://www.electronics tutorials.ws/diode/diode_6.html
Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifier. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2021, from Circuit
Globe: https://circuitglobe.com/half-wave-and-full-wave-rectifier.html
Rectifier Circuits. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2021, from All About Circuits:
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-3/rectifier-circuits/
Y., R. (n.d.). Difference Between Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifier. Retrieved February
21, 2021, from Electronics Desk: https://electronicsdesk.com/difference-between-
halfwave-and-fullwaverectifier.html

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