RF/MICROWAVE DIVICES AND APPLICATIONS

USING CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®

By
Dr. Hesham Abd El-hady Mohammed

Researcher in Microstrip Dept.

Electronics Research Institute
ELtahrir st., Dokki, Giza, Egypt, 12622
mobile:+2-01021556900
mobile:+2-01229880280
4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 1
• Introduction
• Planer transmission line
• Design of microstrip lines
• Design of passive microstrip circuits and applications
• Design of microwave antenna (horn, dipole,…..)
• Antenna arrays
• Special skills on CST (optimization, parametric analyses)
• Interface between CST another commercial S/W Packages.
• Technology of microstrip circuit in microwave range of
frequency
• Practical training on fabrication of microstrip components
and measurements
• Projects
4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 2
 Metamaterial Antennas and Components

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 3

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 4

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 5
4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 6
4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 7
 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Electromagnetic spectrum:

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 8

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 9

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 10

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 11

 Microwave Integrated Circuit
Lumped
elements Distributed
elements

Why

Lumped element is available Parasitic elements cannot be

only for limited values neglected (L & C)

Distance between elements cannot

be neglected

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 12

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 13

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 14

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 15

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 16

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit
Satellite Communication

The system consists of a satellite, a gateway earth station, and various mobile earth
stations such as aircraft, ships, land vehicles, and portable terminals. Some
frequency ranges used in mobile satellite communications are C, Ku, Ka-bands
4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 17
 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 18

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

Shape of Meander Line Antenna (MLA)

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 19

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

Shape of Meander Line Antenna (MLA)

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 20

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

Shape of Meander Line Antenna (MLA)

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 21

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Integrated Circuit

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 22

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave Connectors

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 23

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Electromagnetic spectrum:

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 24

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Electromagnetic spectrum:

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 25

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Electromagnetic spectrum:

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 26

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Electromagnetic spectrum:

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 27

 Electromagnetic spectrum:

Given: εr, h, w Required: εeff, Zo

 For (w/h ≥ 1):

 0.5
r 1  r 1  h
 eff   1  12
2 2  w 
1
 w w 
Zo   1.393  0.677 Ln   1.444 
 eff  h  h 

 For (w/h ≤ 1):


 r  1  r  1  h
 0.5
 w  
2

 eff   1  12   0.041   

2 2  w  h  
  8h w
Zo  Ln   0.25 
2  eff w h
4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 28
 Electromagnetic spectrum:

Fig. 2.1 εeff against (w/h) for t=0 for Fig. 2.2 Zo against (w/h) for t=0 for
different dielectric materials. different dielectric materials.

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 29

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Electromagnetic spectrum:

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 30

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Electromagnetic spectrum:

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 31

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Electromagnetic spectrum:

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 32

 Two Port Network
Metamaterial Antennas and Components

Filters are the most important passive components used in RF and microwave subsystems
and instruments to obtain a precise frequency response.

Filters are used to pass or eliminate specific frequency bands. Filters are classified as low-
pass (LP), high-pass (HP), band-pass (BP), and band-stop (BS).

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 33

 Two Port Network
Metamaterial Antennas and Components

a1 b2
S21

S11
S22

S12

b1 a2

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 34

 Two Port Network
Metamaterial Antennas and Components

S-Parameters
• S11 – input reflection coefficient with the output
• matched to Zo.
• S21 – forward transmission gain or loss.
• S12 – reverse transmission or isolation.
• S22 – output reflection coefficient with the input
matched to Zo.

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 35

 Two Port Network
Metamaterial Antennas and Components

S-Parameters
• Why are h, Y and Z parameter models not suitable as
microwave parameters?

• They use input and output voltage and current signals that
will alter SWR over a range of frequencies. It would require
continuous adjustment.

• S-parameters have inputs and outputs expressed in power.

• S-parameters are also transmission and reflection coefficients.

• Transmission coefficients are referred to as gains and

attenuations.

• Reflection coefficients are related to VSWRs and Impedances.

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 36
 Pr
S11  10 log
Pt
Pr
 30  10 log
Pt
3 Pr
10 
Pt
Pr  0.001* Pt

10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 37

 Methods of Analysis
Metamaterial Antennas and Components

• Transmission-line model
– simplest
– good physical insight
– less accurate, valid only for rectangular patches
• Cavity model
– more complicated
– good physical insight, more accurate, more versatile
• Integral Equation/Moment Method
– most complicated, less physical insight, very accurate & versatile
• Differential Equation Techniques (FDTD, FEM)
– complicated, computationally slow
– most versatile and can take into consideration surrounding
environment

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 38

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components
Microwave simulation program
• Zeland IE3D IE3D is a full-wave,
method-of-moments

• CST MWS (Finite Integration Technique)

• HFSS (Finite Element Method)

• In-house Analytical Analysis:

development of specialized Green’s Function

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 39

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 40

 Metamaterial Antennas and Components

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 41

RF/MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS USING CST MICROWAVE STUDIO
CST Computer Simulation Technology
CST is one of the world’s leading engineering simulation software providers. Its
technology has enabled customers to predict with accuracy that their product designs
will thrive in the real world. The company offers a common platform of fully
integrated multiphysics software tools designed to optimize product development
processes for a wide range of industries, including aerospace, automotive, civil
engineering, consumer products, chemical process, electronics, environmental,
healthcare, marine, power, sports and others.

Applied to design concept, final-stage testing, validation and trouble-shooting

existing designs, software from CST can significantly speed design and development
times, reduce costs, and provide insight and understanding into product and process
performance.

Visit www.CST.com for more information.

10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 42

RF/MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS USING CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®

10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 43

10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 44
 Automatic Adaptive Meshing

Adaptive refinement on patch antenna and the process flow.

10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 45

Integral Equations example. a) Missile Geometry. b) Surface Mesh. c) Currents on surface.

10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 46

Hybrid simulation for two antenna structures. (a) Reflector antenna. (b) Satellite with
conformal radiation boundary.

10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 47

10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 48
10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 49
10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 50
10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 51
10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 52
10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 53
10/04/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohamed 54
PRESENTED BY

-- >>BY Dr. HESHAM ABDELHADY

4/10/2017 Dr. Hesham A. Mohammed 55