TITLE PAGE

A TECHNICAL REPORT OF STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

AT
SABON LAYI PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
MUBI NORTH, ADAMAWA STATE

FROM 6TH OCTOBER 2023

TO 29TH FEBRUARY 2024

BY
NUHU MUHAMMAD SANI
ST/SLT/ND/22/209

THIS TECHNICAL REPORT IS SUBMITTED TO THE

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN SCIENCE LABORATORY
TECHNOLOGY FEDRERAL POLYTECHNIC, MUBI

MARCH 2024

i
 DEDICATION
I thank the Almighty God for given me the ability, capability, knowledge and
wisdom to complete my student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES)
successfully

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My unending gratitude goes to my parents, for the high esteem they

placed on my education, the best legacy for me, and for going through these and

then just to make me who I am today.

I am exceptionally indebted to my HOD Mr. Ishaku Midala Hamidu and

all staff of the Department.

I am as well grateful to those who impacted me positively before I could

think of doing the same.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE..............................................................................................................................................
DEDICATION...........................................................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................................
CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................................................
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES).....................................................................................................................................................
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES.............................................................................................
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................................
1.3 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SABON LAYI PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTER, MUBI
NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, ADAMAWA STATE...................................................................
1.4 THE MEDICAL LABORATORY DEPARTMENT........................................................................
1.5 ORGANIZATIONAL SABON LAYI PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTER, MUBI
NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, ADAMAWA STATE...................................................................
CHAPTER TWO.......................................................................................................................................
2.0 PARASITOLOGY UNIT....................................................................................................................
2.1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................
2.2 METHOD OF COLLECTION OF SAMPLES...........................................................................
2.3 SOME OF TEST CARRY OUT IN THE PARASITOLOGY UNIT...............................................
2.4 MALARIA PARASITE (MP).............................................................................................................
2.5 URINE MICROSCOPY......................................................................................................................
CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................................................
3.0 HAEMATOLOGY..............................................................................................................................
3.1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................
3.2 METHOD OF COLLECTIVE OF VENOUS BLOOD SAMPLE APPARATUS..........................
3.3 METHOD OF COLLECTION OF CAPILLARY BLOOD SAMPLE...........................................
3.4 SOME OF THE MATERIALS FOUND IN HAEMATOLOGY UNIT..........................................
3.5 SOME TESTS CARRY OUT IN HAEMATOLOCAL UNIT.........................................................
3.6 PACKAGE CELL VOLUME (PCV)...............................................................................................
3.7 BLOOD GROUPING:.......................................................................................................................
CHAPTER FOUR...................................................................................................................................
4.0 CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY UNIT.................................................................................................
4.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................
4.2 METHOD OF COLLECTION OF SAMPLES...............................................................................
4.3 SOME THE TEST CARRY OUT IN THE UNIT...........................................................................

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4.4 WIDAL AGGLUTINATION TEST.................................................................................................
4.5 URINALYSIS (CHEMICAL ANALYSIS)......................................................................................
CHAPTER FIVE.....................................................................................................................................
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION...............................................................
5.1 SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................
5.2 RECOMMENDATION.....................................................................................................................
5.4 CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................
REFRENCE.............................................................................................................................................

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme
(Siwes)
The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is a skill acquisition
training program which was design to form a part of approve minimum
academic standard in all Nigerian Tertiary institutions.
The industrial training found ITF was establishing by degree 47 of 1971 under
the federal ministry of information by the federal military government of
Nigeria with its headquarter at Jos plateau and office s all over the federation.
The establishment of this organization is an effort made by the government in
trying to bridge the gap between theory and practical aspect of engineering
technology, science, agriculture, and other professional works, methods of safe
guarding the work are industries and other organizations.
1.2 Aims and Objectives of Siwes
The aim of SIWES is to prepare and expose student’s industrial based skills
necessary for a smooth transition from the classroom to the ‘‘World of word’’
its objectives are:
1.3 Aims and Objectives
● To stimulate human performance, improve productivity and induced value-
added production in industries
● To build the capacity of graduate to be self-employed in context of small-
scale industrialization.
● To bridge the gap between theoretical and practical aspect of learning.
● To develop the student interest in his/her area of study and acquisition on
industrial experience.

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1.3 Brief History of the Sabon Layi Primary Health Care Center, Mubi
North Local Government, Adamawa State

The Sabon Layi Primary Health Care Center is a Public hospital, located at

Sabon Layi, Mubi North Local Government, Adamawa State. It was

established on 5/6/2014, and operates on 24 hrs basis.

The Sabon Layi Primary Health Care Center is Licensed hospital by the Nigeria

Ministry of Health, with facility code 02/14/1/1/1/0027 and registered as

Primary Health Care Centre.

Open Days & Time

The Sabon Layi Primary Health Care Center is open on

Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday,Sunday , and operates

on 24 hrs basis.

Hospital is Sabon Layi Primary Health Care Center

The Sabon Layi Primary Health Care Center is Licensed by the Nigerian

Ministry of Health. It is registered as a Primary Health Care Centre.

There are three-tier system of health care in Nigeria, depending on the facility

infrastructure, personnel and the type of care they offer.

Primary Health Care Clinic

Primary Health Care (PHC) are health centres at the community or ward level,

and is the first point of contact for patient. Most of the healthcare providers in

the PHC are nurses, community health workers, and sometimes, a doctor who

practices general medicine.

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Secondary Health Care Hospital

The Secondary Healthcare System is managed by the states government through

their state ministries of health.

Tertiary Health Care

The Tertiary Healthcare System is managed by the federal government through

their Federal Ministries of Health. Examples of tertiary healthcare clinic are the

Federal Medical Centres, Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospitals, University

Teaching Hospital, National Laboratories, and some “top” private high-level

specialist hospitals.

The Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) operated institutions handle the policy-

making, technical support, national health management, and health services

delivery. The Tertiary Health Care System also helps to coordinate the activities

of the other lower healthcare tiers such as secondary and primary healthcare.

.1.4 The Medical Laboratory Department

The medical laboratory department is divided into the following sub units
● Hematology Unit
● Chemical Pathology
● Parasitology Unit
● Bacteriology Unit
● Histopathology Unit
● Virology Unit

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 1.5 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF SABON LAYI PRIMARY
HEALTH CAREMUBI NORTH, ADAMAWA STATE

Incharge
GENERAL
Medical
MANAGER
Officer

ASST Incharge Medical

officer

PHARMACIST
NURSE
LAB SCIENTIST

PHARMACIST
CLEANERS
ASST LAB. TECHNICIANS

PHARMACY SECUIRITY
TECHNICIAN LAB ASST

SIWES Student

4
 CHAPTER TWO
2.0 PARASITOLOGY UNIT
2.1 Introduction
Parasitology is the study of parasites and the relationship with the host that
harbor them. Parasites is organism that depends on their host for food and
shelter which contribute other things to the host.
2.2 Method of Collection of Samples
Fresh early morning sample blood, urine and stool where collected into sterile
container label and numbered
2.3 Some of Test Carry Out in The Parasitology Unit
● Malaria parasite (MP)
● Urine microscopy
● Stool Microscopy
2.4 Malaria Parasite (MP)
Malaria is a mosquito bond disease of human caused by parasite protozoans (a
group of single celled microorganisms), belonging to the genus plasmodium.
Malaria causes symptoms that typically include: fever, fatigue, vomiting and
headache. In several cases it can cause yellow skin, seizure, coma or death.
aim: To examine the presence of plasmodium species that cause malaria in
human body.
MATERIALS: Blood sample, Glass slide, Microscope, Syringe and needle,
Cotton wool with 70% alcohol swab, Field stain (A & B)
PROCEDURE:
A blood sample collect was smeared on clean glass slide and allowed to air dry
at room temperature. This smeared slide was dipped into field stain A (blue
stain) for 3-5 sec. and it was removed and dipped into water for 3 sec. for rising,
the slide was also dipped into field stain B (red stain) for 2-4 sec. and it was
removed and dipped into water for rising, then it was allowed to air dry and then

5
oil immersion was applied onto the slide and it was observed under the X100
objective lens.

Diagram showing malaria parasite result

Interpretation of Malaria Parasite Result. As View Under the Microscope:
● One to eight (1-8) plasmodium species seen in the microscope, the result is to
be reported as (+1) positive
● Eight to sixteen (8-16) plasmodium species seen in the microscope. The result
to be reported as (+2) positive
● Sixteen (16) upward the result is to be reported as (+3) positive
Precautions:
● It was ensured that, the blood was smeared carefully on the glass slide to
obtain appropriate result.
●it was ensured that, a clean glass slide was used in the test.
Conclusion
It was concluded that, the plasmodium species that causes malaria parasite in
the human blood were examine.
2.5 Urine Microscopy
This the type of test that is done for a patient to examine what causes
abnormality to a patient in urine and how the reaction of abnormality is.
Aim: TO EXAMINE abnormalities in the urine of a patient.

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MATERIAL: Urine sample, Test tube, Clean glass slide, Centrifuge machine,
Microscope, Cover slip
PROCEDURE:
A urine sample was collected and it was transferred into a test tube, and placed
into a centrifuge machine with another test tube containing equal volume of
water for balancing, it was centrifuge for 5 min at 5000rpm, it was removed and
the urine was discarded leaving the last drop over, which was applied on a clean
glass slide and covered with a cover slip then viewed under the low and high
power of the microscope.
Observation:
It was observed that, on ovum of Schistosoma haematobium was present in the
urine sample view under the microscope.
Precaution:
● It was ensuring that, a clean grease free glass slide was used.
Conclusions:
It was concluded that abnormalities present in the urine was examine.

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 CHAPTER THREE
3.0 HAEMATOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Hematology deals with formation, functions and properties of blood. The
primary functions is to detect anemia and assist in diagnose of exact type of
anemia to enable the physician to place the patient on effective drugs treatment.
Most of the tests carry out here deals with the physician qualification of blood
in relation to the human body size or weight for normal health of person, has
normal or it is detective.
3.2 Method of Collective of Venous Blood Sample
APPARATUS: Tourniquet, Cotton wool, Alcohol, EDTA container
PROCEDURE:
The patient anti capital force was tied using tourniquet firmly, the anti cupital
force was sterilize using 70% alcohol (spirit) in a cotton wool, the vein was then
visible after sterilization then the syringe was inserted into the vein and the
blood was collected by drawing the inner layer of the syringe backward gently
up to the amount of 1m. Then the tourniquet was untied and the syringe was
removed gently. The collected blood was then transferred into anti-coagulant
container to avoid clothing of blood.
3.3 Method of Collection of Capillary Blood Sample
Apparatus: Cotton wool, 70% alcohol swab, Capillary tube, Blood lancet
PROCEDURE:
By using the blood lancet, the patient thumb was pricked, the was collected
using capillary tube gently to avoid air bubble, and then the bleeding thumb was
wiped using cotton wool
Precaution:
● It was ensuring that, the patient thumb was sterilize using 70% alcohol.
● It was ensuring that, only newly open blood lancet was used to avoid disease
transmission.

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Conclusion:
It was concluded that, the blood sample was collected via two method i.e.
venous and capillary method using sterilize instrument.
3.4 Some of The Materials Found in Haematology Unit.
●Microscope
● Glass slide
● Syringe
● Capillary tube
● Grouping tiles
● Micro-Hematocrit reader
● Plasticize
● Anti-coagulant
● Centrifuge machine
Haematocrite Reader:
This is an instrument measuring percentage of package cell volume; it has slut
into which capillary tube can be place.
Anti-Coaggulant:
This is a chemicals substance that prevent blood from clothing such chemicals
include
● Lithium he rapine
● Sodium citrate
●Ethylene di-amine tetra acetic acid (EDTA)
3.5 Some Tests Carry Out IN Haematolocal Unit
● Packed cell volume (PCV)
● Blood grouping
● HB. Genotype
● White blood cell (WBC)

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3.6 Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
Is the determination of percentage of red blood cell (RBC) in the human body in
other to know the percentage of red blood cell presence in the body.
Aim: To determine the percentage of red blood cell (RBC)
Materials: Blood sample, Blood lancet, Hematocrit tube, Candle flame, 70%
alcohol (spirit), Micro-hematocrit reader, Micro-hematocrit machine.
Procedure:
A patient thumb was pricked using a blood lancet and a capillary tube was fixed
at the point to draw up the blood sample and one end the tube was sealed with
candle flame, the tube was then place into micro-hematocrit machine and
centrifuge at 1000rmp for 5min. and was place on a hematocrit reader, and the
level of the red blood cell (RBC) was taking as the result in percentage.

Result:
The normal ranges (percentage) for package cell volume are as follows:
● MEN______________________42-52%
●WOMEN___________________34-48%
● INFANT____________________47-60%
Any amount lesser or higher than those ranges is abnormal.
Precaution:
● it was ensuring that, the capillary tube was not damaged

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● It was ensured that, one end of the capillary tube was sealed carefully to avoid
waste of blood.
● It was ensured that the result was read carefully.
Conclusion:
It was concluded that PCV was measured using capillary tube, hematocrit
reader and centrifuge machine.
3.7 Blood Grouping:
Blood grouping is the way of knowing which group did a patient belongs to, in
order to know reaction of blood of the patient.
Aim: To know the group of blood the patient belongs to.
MATERIAL: blood sample, clean white tile, prepared anti sera (A, B&D)
Procedure:
Onto a c clean white tile, equal volume of blood was placed onto three different
places, a drop of anti-sera A, B&D were added near each blood on their
respective columns. They were mixed separately by emulsifying them and
allowed to agglutinate rocking the tile and it was observed.

Interpretation of Result:
● Agglutination of ‘‘A’’ only ____________________________A Negative
● Agglutination of ‘‘B’’ only____________________________ B Negative
● Agglutination of ‘‘A and B’’ only_______________________ AB Negative

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● Agglutination of ‘‘A and D’’ only_______________________ A Positive
● Agglutination of ‘‘B and D’’ only_______________________ B Positive
● Agglutination of ‘‘O’’ only____________________________ O Positive
● Agglutination of ‘‘A, B and D’’ only_____________________ AB Positive
● No agglutination in all the anti-sera______________________ O Negative
Precautions:
● It was ensure that the anti-sera are not expired.
● It was ensure that the anti-sera drop those not touch the blood sample, so as to
avoid contamination of anti-sera.
Conclusions:
It was concluded that the blood group which patient belongs where known.

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 CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY UNIT
4.1 Introduction
Chemical pathology deals with the chemical composition of blood fluid like its
plasma and also the study of blood chemistry and urine examination to observed
the presence of acid protein sugar etc. that are likely to cause abnormalities in
human body.
4.2 Method of Collection of Samples
Fresh early morning sample of blood and urine was collected in a sterile
container and it was labelled and numbered.
4.3 Some the Test Carry Out in the Unit
● Widal agglutination test
● Pregnancy test
● Urinalysis
4.4 Widal Agglutination Test
A widal is a test of blood that uses an agglutination reaction to diagnose typhoid
fever or widal is the test of diagnose of typhoid fever based on agglutination of
salmonella typhi by dilution of patient serum.
Materials: Test tube, Cotton wool, EDTA
● Tiles
● Antigens
● Pipette dropper
● Syringe and needle
Procedure:
A blood sample was collected to a patient and it was transferred into a test tube
container that contained (EDTA) for getting serum and eight dropped of serum
was placed on the tiles with antigens and it was mixed with different stick and
the tile was rocked gently for the appearance of agglutination.
Result:

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● One to eight agglutination (1-8) seen on the tile the result is to be reported as
1/40.
●eight to sixteen agglutination (1-16) seen the result is to be reported as 1/80
●Sixteen to thirty agglutination (16-30) seen result is to be reported as 1/160
●thirty and above seen the result is to be reported as 1/320
●No agglutination seen the result is to be reported as negative that is 1/20
Precaution:
●It was ensured that the antigen was not expired
●It was ensured that the tile was rocked gently for the appearance of
agglutination
Conclusion:
It was concluded that the agglutination of the Widal test was determined.
4.5 Urinalysis (Chemical Analysis)
Urinalysis is carried out to detect the presence of glucose, urobilinogen,
bilirubin, ketones, acetic acid, ph. etc. in the urine.
Material: Urine sample, Urine container, Test tube, Combi strip
Procedure:
The combi strip was immersed into the urine sample for some seconds, it was
then removed and the strip was compared with the colour chart provided on the
combi strip.
Result:
The result was determined by the corresponding colour change on the strip with
the colour chart on the combi container.
Precaution:
It was ensured that, while comparing the strip with the colour chart, it was kept
horizontally on the container.
Conclusion:
It was concluded that urinalysis (chemical analysis) was determined using
combi strip.

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15
 CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, AND CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
This comprehensive technical report of the student industrial work experience
scheme (SIWES) comprises all the work project (Practical and theoretical)
which are carried out during the cause of this work. The report expresses the
basic history background and individual role played by both (NUC, FG and
polytechnics, ITF) student and place of attachment.
This report it’s consists the history nature and physiological face of the place
area and unit of attachment it expresses the basic laboratory protocol nature, and
the basic role played by medical laboratory unit in a hospital.
The report contains the basic description and differential role with all the
analysis carried out in various sections of the laboratory, receipt, hematology,
parasitology, chemical pathology, bacteriology and other section.
5.2 CONCLUSION
The student industrial works experience scheme (SIWES) had proven to be
bridging the gaps between the theoretical and practical aspect of academic
administration based at polytechnics level. The training exposed the students in
several pathological investigation and analysis. More especially in area covering
the student area of specialization.
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
My personal recommendation goes to Federal polytechnic Mubi ITF, FG and
entire lecturers of the department of science laboratory technology (SLT) in
federal polytechnic Mubi for their fervent knowledge of recommending its
students this SIWES program.

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 REFRENCE

Josephine A Morello (1998) micro biology in patient care, McGraw Hill

Company Inc. USA six edition page (68-86)
Josephine A Morello ET A1 (2003) laboratory manual and workbook in
microbiology application to patient care seventh edition McGraw hill
companies Chicago.

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