MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

PREPARED BY:
Ma Christina A. Magbanua Sharly Mae R. Marigsa Mark Heinrich B. Paras Joanna Claire R. Villanueva

PRE- ERA : (1800s -1900)s

1800 1805
1809 1822

“Jacquard Loom”
The French weaver Joseph-Marie “Difference Engine”
Jacquard invented the Jacquard Loom,
an autonomous, programmable weaving “Punch Cards” “Rudimentary Telegraph” Charles Babbage, an English
mathematician and scientist,
machine that produces textiles with He carried on working, and he invented an Samuel Soemmerring invented the
creates a complex clockwork
intricately detailed patterns. The attachment that led to the term "Jacquard rudimentary telegraph in Bavaria in
calculator that can solve
Jacquard Loom is known as the loom" being used for any loom that made the year 1809. He employed 35 wires
equations and print the answers.
foundation of the contemporary use of it. With Jacquard's loom, any desired in water with gold electrodes. At the
It was a steam-powered
automatic loom and provided the pattern could be automatically created by other end, the quantity of gas
calculator meant to solve
impetus for the technical revolution in the controlling the cloth through a system of generated by electrolysis at 2,000 feet
logarithmic tables and other
textile industry interchangeable punch cards. away read the message.
number tables.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY
Ma Christina A. Magbanua
PRE- ERA : (1800s -1900)s
1834
“Analytical Engine”
Charles Babbage, an English inventor who was
known for his failed invention of the Difference
Engine due to the lack of technology, created
the Analytical Engine, which is largely regarded
as the first computer, in the 19th century. The
Analytical Engine was to be a mechanical
digital computer with full program control that
could be used for a variety of tasks. The mill,
the store, the reader, and the printer were the
four parts that made up the machine's design.
PREPARED BY:
Sharly Mae R. Marigsa
1848
“First Computer Algorithm”
English mathematician Ada Lovelace
creates the first computer program in
history. Lovelace wrote the first program
while interpreting a French paper on
Babbage's Analytical Engine into English.
In addition, Lovelace provides a detailed
explanation for computing Bernoulli
numbers using Babbage's machine,
essentially an algorithm. This effectively
establishes Lovelace as the first computer
programmer in history.
Mark Heinrich B. Paras
1853
“First Printing Computer”
The first printing calculator in
history is designed by Swedish
inventor Per Georg Scheutz and
his son Edvard. The machine is
remarkable because, according to
Uta C. Merzbach's book, "Georg
Scheutz and the First Printing
Calculator," it was the first to
"compute tabular differences and
print the results."
Joanna Claire R. Villanueva
1890
“First U.S. Census
Calculator”
Using a punch-card method,
Herman Hollerith creates the 1890
U.S. Counties. According to
Columbia University, the
computer saves the government
many years' worth of
computations and costs the
American taxpayer about $5
million. Hollerith then starts a
business that will eventually
become International Business
Machines Corporation (IBM).
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY
Ma Christina A. Magbanua
PRE- ERA : (1800s -1900)s
1893
“Underwood Typewriter”
Franz Xaver Wagner created the first
Underwood typewriter, which he
applied for a patent on April 27, 1893
(U.S. Patent 523,698). The
Underwood typewriter's ability to see
the writing it was typing was its
greatest innovation.
PREPARED BY:
Sharly Mae R. Marigsa
1931
“Differential Analyzer”
Vannevar Bush created and
constructed the Differential
Analyzer at the
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT), which is
the first large-scale automated
general-purpose mechanical
analog computer. The wheel
and disc integrator served as
the basis for Bush's concept.
Mark Heinrich B. Paras
1936
“The Turing Machine”
Turing machines are basic, abstract computing
devices that Alan Turing initially defined. Their
purpose is to assist in examining the boundaries
and extent of what may be calculated. The
purpose of Turing's "automatic machines," was
to compute real numbers. They are regarded as
one of the basic models of (theoretical)
computer science and computability nowadays.
His theories served as the foundation for the
contemporary computer's main premise.
Joanna Claire R. Villanueva
1937
“Atanasoff-Berry
Computer (ABC)”
Iowa State University professor of
physics and mathematics John
Vincent Atanasoff files a grant
application to create the first
computer that runs entirely on
electricity without the need of
gears, cams, belts, or shafts.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY
Ma Christina A. Magbanua
PRE- ERA : (1800s -1900)s
1939
“Hewlett Packard”
In Palo Alto, California,
David Packard and Bill
Hewlett founded the
Hewlett Packard
Company. According to
MIT, the two settled on the
name of their new business
by flipping a coin. Hewlett-
Packard's first offices are
located in Packard's garage.
Sharly Mae R. Marigsa
1941
“Z3 Machine”
According to Gerard O'Regan's
book "A Brief History of
Computing", German inventor
and engineer Konrad Zuse
completes his Z3 machine, the
world's earliest digital computer.
During a bombing raid on Berlin in
World War II, the machine was
destroyed.
PREPARED BY:
Mark Heinrich B. Paras Joanna Claire R. Villanueva
1945 1946 1949
“EDSAC”
Soon after the Second World War,
“ENIAC” a group led by the late Professor
“Transistors” Sir Maurice Wilkes at Cambridge
ENIAC stands for Electronic University Mathematical
Numerical Integrator and The transistor is created
Laboratory constructed the first
Calculator, designed and by Bell Laboratories'
version of the Electronic Delay
built by Presper Eckert. Edwin William Shockley, John
Storage Automatic Calculator
D. Reilly's book "Milestones in Bardeen, and Walter
(EDSAC).
Computer Science and Brattain. They figure out
Information Technology" how to create an electric
It is widely acknowledged that the
claims that the device is the switch without a vacuum
EDSAC was the first useful
first "automatic, general- and using solid materials
general-purpose electronic
purpose, electronic, decimal, instead.
computer with a stored software.
digital computer."
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 1: The Dawn of Computing (1940s-1950s)

1950 1951 1952 1953

Knowing Technology “IBM Model 650"

“COBOL” The IBM MODEL 650 is
In her work titled "The
Grace Hopper develops one of the first widely used
Education of a Computer,"
the first computer computers. The computer is
Dr. Grace Hopper explores “Core Memory”
language, COBOL “UNIVAC I” the concept of reusable so successful that IBM
(COmmon, Business- Core memory, developed
Remington Rand releases software. The paper manufactures more than
Oriented Language), in the early 1950s,
the UNIVAC I (UNIVersal discusses the process of 1,000. IBM will dominate the
according to the National provides much larger
Automatic Computer), mainframe market for the
programming a computer storage capacity than
Museum of American the first commercial digital next decade.
using symbolic notation as vacuum tube memory.
History. Later, her computer. When UNIVAC opposed to complex
posthumous Presidential correctly predicts Dwight machine language.
Medal of Freedom citation D. Eisenhower's victory,
proclaims Hopper the computer awareness rises.
"First Lady of Software".
HEALTHCARE: During the mid-1950s,
Sir Thomas Johnson
computers were mostly utilized for
Watson Jr. develops the
automating financial and accounting
IBM 701 EDPM to aid the
operations within hospitals. Computers took
UN monitor Korea during
up entire rooms. These were process
the war.
oriented systems.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

1957 1958 1959

“FORTRAN”
According to MIT, IBM
programmer John “Smaller desked -
Backus and his team 1957: IBM 205 size computers”
publish a paper RAMAC used “Computer chips” More than 200
describing their newly magnetic disks for programming
created FORTRAN Computer chips, invented by Jack Kilby and
external storage first. languages have been
programming Robert Noyce, enable high-speed
The computer offers created.
language, an acronym computers and enormous memory. The
semi-random access 1959: IBM introduces
for FORmula second generation of computer hardware
and storage capacity two smaller, desk-
TRANslation, an began with transistor-based computers.
similar to magnetic sized computers: the
efficient easy-to-use After his work, Kilby received the Physics
tape. IBM 1401 for business
programming Nobel Prize.
and the IBM 1620 for
language.
scientists.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 2 : The Mainframe Era (1960s-1970s)

1963 1964 1965

“First Compatible
“First Computer Computers”
Mouse” The number of computers
The first computer has grown to 18,000. Third-
mouse, invented by generation
computers featuring chip-based control are “DEC”
Douglas C. Engelbart
introduced. The first family of compatible Dr. John Kemeny of Dartmouth leads the
computers, the IBM system/360 computer development of the BASIC programming language.
merged the scientific and commercial sectors. 1965: Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) introduces
1964: IBM coined the term "word processing" for the first minicomputer, the POP-8. The machine is
the first time with the introduction of its Magnetic used extensively as in interface for time-sharing
Tape/Selectric Typewriter (MT/ST). The MT/ST systems.
was the first reusable storage medium that HEALTHCARE in 1965: In the 1960's, certain healthcare
supported the editing of typed material without the institutions initiated the integration of patient care applications
need for retyping. into their computer systems. (Saba, Johnson, & Simpson,
1994).
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 2 : The Mainframe Era (1960s-1970s)

1968 1969
3

1969: The ARPANET

network is established,
1968: Computer Science Corporation which eventually grows to
(CSC) becomes the first software company become the INTERNET
listed on the New York Stock Exchange HEALTHCARE in 1969: The
Bell Labs' Ken Thompson,
concept of a Uniform
Dennis Ritchie, and other
Minimum Health Data Set
developers developed UNIX,
(UMHDS) was formulated in
“New Computer Prototype” which made "large-scale
an effort to develop national
Douglas Engelbart introduces a new computer networking of diverse
health data standards and
prototype at the Fall Joint Computer Conference computing systems — and the
guidelines (Werley, Devine, &
in San Francisco. The Doug Engelbart Institute internet — practical." The team
Zorn, 1998). An ambulatory
said that his "A Research Center for Augmenting behind UNIX continued to
care system, Computer
Human Intellect" presentation included a live 1968: Alan Shugart at IBM demonstrates develop the operating system
Stored Ambulatory Record
demonstration of his computer with a mouse and the first regular use of an 8-inch floppy using the C programming
(COSTAR) system is
GUI. This shows how the computer has evolved disk. language, which they also
developed to meet providers’
from an academic tool to a public technology. optimized.
medical, financial, and
administrative needs (Saba &
1968: In a letter to the editor titled, GO TO
McCormick, 1986).
Statements Considered Harmful,” Dr. Edsger
HEALTHCARE in 1969: In late 1960's and early 1970's health departments
Dijkstra introduces the concept of structured
programming, developing standards for constructing
and other community health organizations developed or contracted with
computer programs. vendors to develop systems to provide the statistical reports required by
local, state and federal governmental agencies (Saba & McCormick, 1986).
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY
ERA 2 : The Mainframe Era (1960s-1970s)
1969: Under pressure from the industry,
IBM announces that some of its software
will be priced separately from the computer
hardware, allowing software firms to
emerge in the industry.
1970
“DRAM”
The newly formed Intel unveils the
Intel 1103, the first Dynamic
Access Memory (DRAM) chip.
1970: Fourth-generation computers, built
with chips that use LSI (large-scale
integration) arrive. While the chips used in
1965 contained up to 1,000 circuits, the
LSI chip contains as many as 15,000.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

1971 1972 1973 1975 1976

“Knowing Technology” “Apple‘s first Computer”

“Intel 4004"
Various organizations It was built on April
A microprocessor or
implemented the first Fool’s Day by Steve Jobs
micro programmable
“Improving Tecnology” invitational conference to “Ethernet” and Steve Wozniak. A
computer chip has been
teach nurses how to use A first Local Area subsequent version, the
developed by Dr. Ted The Uniform Hospital Data computerized Network (LAN) developed Apple II, is an immediate
Hoff of Intel Corporation. Set was adopted. management systems for by Robert Metcalfe at success. Adopted by
administration, statistics Xerox PARC (Palo Alto educational institutions for
reporting, and cost Research Center). various students, the
In the field of Healthcare analysis. Apple II is their first
contact with the world of
Problem Oriented Medical “The Altair” computers.
Information System was One of the first
implemendted in a microcomputers that was
gynecology unit then later advertised MITS which
was redeveloped for use was sold less than $400
on a medical unit that and 4,000 orders were
focus on patient. taken within the first three
months.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 3: The Microprocessor Revolution (1980s)

1977 1979 1980

“WordStar” “Winchester ‘s hard disk”

“The PET” On the year 1979, A revolutionizing storage
Commodore Personal founder of MicroPro for personal computers
Electronic Transactor
“VisiCalc”
International Seymour “Ms-DOS” presented by Alan
(PET) is released to the Rubenstein, a software Shugart.
First computerized With the development of
home computer market, engineer released
spreadsheet program MS-DOS, Microsoft
with a MOS Technology 8- WordStar but later
introduced by Bob achieved tremendous
bit 6502 microprocessor programmed by Rob
Frankston and Dan growth and success. In
controlling the screen, Barnarby and included 137
Bricklin. which Bill Gates, the
keyboard, and cassette 000 lines of code. cofounder of Microsoft
player. According to
Corporation was offered
O'Regan, the PET has
The first public online opportunity by IBM to HEALTHCARE: Starting in
performed particularly well
information services, develop the operating the 1980's industry wide
in the education market.
CompuServe and the system for the soon-to-be standards were created to
Source, are founded. announced IBM personal make electronic health
computer. record use more
widespread.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 3: The Microprocessor Revolution (1980s)

1981 1982 1983

“IBM‘s first Personal “Compaq, Inc.” “The first Computer

Compaq, Inc. was founded Award”
Computer”
to develop and market
Named “ACORN”, is Computer received annual
“First Computer Virus” IBM-compatible PCs. “Apple-LISA” award named Machine of the
released to the market at a
place of $1,565, according Elk Cloner, the first Apple LISA (Local Integrated Year for 1982 by TIME
to IBM. Acorn uses computer virus was Software Architecture) is the magazine for acknowledging
Windows' MS-DOS spread via Apple II floppy first personal computer to the impact of computers on
disks, that contained the 300 bps feature a GUI. The machine
operating system. Optional society.
operating system. smart also includes a drop-down
features include a display,
modem, an menu and icons. As well,
printer, two diskette Lotus Development
HEALTHCARE: The first immediate creation of the first portable
drives, additional memory, Corporation is founded. Its
International Medical success was computer having flip-form
a game adapter, and spreadsheet software, Lotus
Informatic Association introduced design was released and the
others. 1-2-3 which combines
Working Conference was by Hayes. first known to be sold as a spreadsheet, graphics, and
held in London, England. “laptop” named Gavilan SC. database programs in one
package became the best-
3,275,000 personal computers are sold, almost selling program for IBM
3,000,000 more than in 1981. personal computers.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 3: The Microprocessor Revolution (1980s)

1984 1985 1986 1988 1989

“First Printer” “Microsoft Improves” “Birth of WWW”

Microsoft has public stock Time Berners- Lee, a British
Hewlett-Packward announces
offering and raises researcher working at
the first LaserJet printer for
“Birth of Windows” approximately $61 million. “Microsoft: European Organization for
personal computers.
Microsoft releases becomes on Top” Nuclear Research (CERN),
Windows in November Microsoft has become the proposed in his paper and
About Apple 1985 as response to Apple world’s top software vendor invented World Wide Web
The Apple Macintosh is Lisa’s GUI. In line with this, surpassing Lotus or WWW. Detailing his ideas
presented to the world Commodore announces Development Corporation. for the building blocks of the
during a Superbowl the Amiga 1000. web also known as HTML
advertisement and (Hyper Text Markup
launched with a retail price Language.
of $2,500 based to the
NMAH.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY
ERA 4: The Internet Era (1990s)
“The First Game Boy”
Introduction of the first
handheld game console, the
Game Boy by Nintendo. “First Million
Transistor
Microprocessor”
The Intel 486 becomes
the world’s first 1 000 000
transistor microprocessor
for executing 15 million
instructions per second
four times as fast as its
predecessor, the 80386
chip.
1991 1992
“First DSLR Camera” “Windows 3.1"
Kodak announces the Windows 3.1 was release, the
first DSLR (single-lens latest version of its Windows
reflex) camera. The Kodak operating system.
DCS 100 is developed for Improvements can be seen
“WWW Standards” such as TrueType fonts,
photojournalism purposes
that stores photo and Standards was release by multimedia capability, and
batteries in a separate WWW Consortium object linking and embedding
unit. describing a framework (OLE). In two months, 3
for linking documents on million copies of Windows 3.1
various computers. are sold.
HEALTHCARE: Beginning
working on the Patient Care
Data Set.

ERA 4: The Internet Era (1990s)
1993
“Pentium processor”
Pentium microprocessor
advances the use of graphics
and music on PCs and several
companies introduce computer
using it from Intel. Pentium
microprocessor contains 3.1
million transistors and capable
of performing 112 million
instruction per second.
MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY
“Global Positioning
System”
Completion of GPS (Global
Positioning System) by U.S. Air
Force, launching its 24th
Navstar satellite into orbit.
Nowadays, GPS can be found
everywhere such as notebook
computers, smartphones, and
even cars.
1994
“Microsoft Office 3” “Amazon”
Microsoft Office 3 Amazon is founded and later
Professional was released become as an online
“Yahoo! Founded”
by Windows, the first
Two Stanford Ph. D.,
bookstore. It expands to sell
version of Microsoft Office various products for various
students founded Yahoo!, a
for the Windows operating buyers and sellers.
popular search and portal as
system.
a way to keep track of
personal interests on the
internet. Today, Yahoo! Has
various users and visitors
accounting for more than 512
million unique visitors and
employees.
The White House launches
its Web site, which
includes an interactive
citizens’ handbook and
White House history and
tours.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 4: The Internet Era (1990s)

1994 1995

“Apple‘s first digital “Java” “Birth of eBay”

Java, an object-oriented An online auction website.
camera” programming language Just like Amazon but this
First digital camera called
“Linuxkernel” that allows users to write
“Microsoft 95” becomes the world’s largest
Apple QuickTake 100 Windows 95 was released
Free of cost creation of Linus one program for a variety online marketplace as it
introduced by Apple for by Microsoft. It is a major
Torvalds called Linux kernel, a of computer platforms approaches 100 million
consumers. It is connected to upgrade to its Windows
UNIX-like operating system launched by Sun active users worldwide.
home computers using a serial operating system consisting
releases across the Internet for Microsystems.
cable. of more than 10 million lines
further enhancement by other of instructions developed by
programmers. 300 person-years efforts.
HEALTHCARE: Personal
Data Assistants stats
Jim Clark and Marc
appearing in hospital to be
Andreessen found Netscape
used to capture data.
and launch Netscape Navigator
1.0, a Web browser.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 4: The Internet Era (1990s)

1996 1997

“Google develop” “Pentium II processor” “Case Investment”

With 7.5 million transistors, Investment of Microsoft in
Development of Google
Intel unveils the Pentium II Apple for $150 million to end
search engine at Stanford
“Windows NT 4.0” processor. It supports “Internet Explorer an ongoing court case in
University by Sergey Brin and
Larry Page. Windows NT 4.0 was released applications like video 4.0” which Apple accused
by Microsoft. It is an operating editing, gaming, and more, Internet Explorer 4.0 was Microsoft of copying its
system for client-server integrates MMX technology released by Microsoft and operating system.
networks. and processes audio, video, seizes a key place in the
“PalmPilot” and graphics data more
U.S. Robotics introduces the internet arena.
effectively.
PalmPilot, an expensive user-
friendly personal digital
assistant (PDA)
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 4: The Internet Era (1990s)

1998 1999

“iMac” “Microsoft Upgrades” “Office 2000”

Next version of popular
Macintosh Computer, Apple
introduces the iMac. This “E- commerce rise”
attracted customers with its E-commerce booms.
futuristic design, see-through Companies such as
case, and easy setup. Amazon.com, Dell, and
E*TRADE spur online shopping,
allowing buyers to obtain a
“Google develop” variety of goods and services.
Google files for incorporation
and is now the most used
search engine.
Microsoft ships Windows 98
, an upgrade to Windows 95.
This offers improved Internet
access, better system
performance, and support for
a new generation of
hardware, and software.
Governments and
businesses frantically work
to make their Y2K (Year
2000) compliant, spending
more than $500 billion
worldwide.
“WI-FI”
The term "wireless fidelity,"
or "Wi-Fi," is developed and
can initially be used up to
300 feet (91 meters) away
wired reported.
Intel introduces the Pentium
III processor, a better
version of Pentium II, that
can process 3-D graphics
more quickly. It contains
between 9.5 and 44 million
transistors.
Office 2000 introduced by
Microsoft for users which is
to create content and save it
directly to a Web site
without any file conversion
and special steps.
Open-source software
such as Linux operating
system and the Apache Web
Server created by unpaid
volunteer, begin to gain wide
acceptance among
computer users.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2000's

“Napster” “E-commerce “Bankruptcy of Dot-

Development of a software achievement” com companies”
allowing computers to swap Dot-com companies
music files with one another “Windows ”2000 and E-commerce achieves “Use of” Satellite (Internet-based) go out of
with ease which turned the mainstream acceptance
Me” exceeding $100 billion, and
Technology” business at a record pace-
music industry upside down by Microsoft ships Windows 2000 nearly one per day- as
Internet advertising Telemedicine uses satellite
Shawn Fanning, 19, and his - offers improved behind- the- financial investors withhold
expenditures reach more technology and video
company, Napster. scenes security and reliability, funding due to companies’
than $5 billion conferencing to broadcast
and Windows Me. consultations and to perform unprofitability.
“Google develop” distant surgeries.
Google files for incorporation
and is now the most used
search engine.

HEALTHCARE: The development of Health Information

Exchanges formerly known as RHIO’s.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2001's 2002's

“Windows XP” "Office XP"

"Tablet PC"
Microsoft introduces Office
Microsoft releases major The tablet PC is
"Pentium 4 chip" XP, the next version of the
operating system updates with
world's leading suite of
"Wikipedia" reintroduced to meet the
Windows XP for personal Wikipedia is introduced. . needs of more than the
Intel unveils its Pentium 4 chip productivity software.
computers and servers. Additional wikis begin to target audience after several
with clock speeds starting at Features include speech and
Windows XP is significantly appear on the Internet, years of negligible sales.
1.4 GHz.The Pentium 4 handwriting recognition,
more reliable than previous enabling people to share
includes 42 million transistors. smart tags, and task panes.
versions, features a 32-bit information in their areas. of
computing architecture, and expertise. Although some
offers a new look and feel. might rely on wikis for
research purposes, the
content is not always verified
for accuracy.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2002's 2003's

“DVD Burners“
“Microsoft .NET
DVD burners begin to replace
strategy” CD burners (CD-RW)
For the average computer user
because DVD’s have 8 times
“Revamped Pentium
to create Hollywood-like A new environment for
the data storage of CD’s. 4 chip“ “Wireless Computer‘s
videos, Digital video cameras, developing and running
DVD burners, easy-to-use software applications Intel ships its revamped and devices“
video editing software, and featuring ease of Pentium 4 chip with the 0.13 Wireless computers and
improvements in storage development of Web-based micron processor and Hyper- devices, such as keyboards,
capabilities were created. services. Threading (HT) Technology, mouse devices, home
operating at speeds of 3.06 networks, and wireless
GHz. internet access points
become commonplace.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2003's 2004's

“RIAA files
250 lawsuit“
“Microsoft The Recording Industry
“MySpace“
Office 2003" Association of America (RIAA)
“USB
files more than 250 lawsuits MySpace was founded and
Microsoft ships Office 2003, against individual computer eventually grew to 200 million Flash Drives“
the latest version of its flagship users who offer copyrighted users making it one of the USB flash drives become a
Office suits. More than 400 music over peer-to-peer more popular and successful cost-effective way to
million people in 175 nations networks. online social networks. transport data and
and 70 languages are using a information from one flash
version of Office. drive computer to another.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2004's

Companies such as “Broadband“ “Smart Phone“

RealNetworks, Microsoft, Sony,
and Walmart stake out turf in
“Flat-panel LCD
the online music store business
monitors”
started by Apple Computer.
Flat-panel LCD monitors
overtake bulky CRT monitors
as the popular choice of
computer users.
106 million or 53 percent, of “Radio frequency The smart phone overtakes
the 200 million online
Identification“ the PDA as the mobile device
population in America
of choice.
accesses the Internet via Major retailers began
requiring suppliers to induce
broadband.
radio frequency identification
(RFID) tags or microchips with
antennas, which can be as
small as one-third of a
millimeter across, in the goods
they sell.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2004's

“Linux“ “Mozilla Firefox

“Facebook”
Linux, the open source Web Browser“
Facebook an online social
operating system, makes
network originally available “Sony Play Station “iMacG5“ Mozilla releases its first
major inroads into the server
only to college students, is Portable (PSP)” market as a viable alternative
Apple Computer introduces version of the Firefox Web
founded. Facebook eventually the sleek iMac G5.The new browser. Firefox provides
Sony unveiled its PlayStation to Microsoft Windows Server
opens registration to all people computer's display device innovative features that
Portable (PSP).This Handheld 2003,Sun's Solaris, and the
and immediately grows to more contains the system unit. enhance the Web browsing
game console is the first to UNIX operating systems.
than 110 million users with experience for users,
use optical discs.
more than 10 billion photos, 30 including tabbed browsing
million of which are uploaded and a Search Box. Firefox
daily. quickly gained popularity and
took market share away from
Microsoft's Internet Explorer.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2005's

“Youtube“
“Apple pocket-sized
YouTube, an online
iPod“ “Xbox 360“
community for video sharing,
Apple released the latest “ Microsoft Visual was founded. YouTube “801 Million Users“
version of its popular pocket- Studio 2005" Microsoft released the Xbox
includes content such as Spam, spyware, phishing,
sized iPod portable media 360,its latest game
Microsoft introduces Visual home videos, movie pharming, spim, and spit take
player. First it played songs, console.Features Include the
Studio 2005.The Product previews, and clips from center stage, along with
then photos, then podcasts, capability to play music,
includes Visual Basic, Visual television shows. In viruses, as major nuisances to
and now, in addition, up to 150 display photos,and network
C#, Visual J#, Visual C++,and November 2006,Google the 801 million computer users
hours of music videos and with computers and other
SQL Server. acquired YouTube. worldwide.
television shows on a 2.5" color Xbox gamers.
display. .
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2006's

“Windows XP Media “Play Station 3" “Web 2.0“

Center Edition“ Sony launches its Play Station Web 2.0 - became a
“Blogging & 3. household term with the
Microsoft unveils Windows “Microsoft’s
XP MediaCenter Edition Podcasting“ increase in popularity of
2005.This Operating system
Internet explorer 7 online social networks, wikis
Blogging and podcasting
focuses on delivering media
become mainstream methods
and Mozilla's Firefox and web applications.
content such as music,digital 2“
for distributing information via
photos, movies,and Microsoft’s Internet explorer 7
the Web.
television. and Mozilla's Firefox 2- New
versions of Microsoft and
Mozilla were created.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2006's

“Text, Picture Video “Core 2 Duo“ “Macintosh Computers“

Messaging“ Intel introduces its Core 2 Duo Apple begins selling
Text, picture and video “Nintendo Wii“ processor family that has a “Nintendo DS Lite“ Macintosh computers with
messaging increases as Nintendo Wii- introduced and boasting record -breaking Nintendo DS Lite was released Intel microprocessors.
popular communication became a leader in game performance while using less by Nintendo.
methods. consoles. power.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2007's

“iPhone“ “VoIP“
“Youtube, Video
Apple introduced the iPhone
blogs/ blogs“ VoIP (Voice over Internet
and sold 270,000 phones in 2
Youtube, Video blogs/ blogs “Core 2 Quad” “Mac OS X Version Protocol) providers expand
days.
popularity grow usage to include Wi-Fi
Intel introduces its Core 2
10.5“
phones.
Quad - A four-core processor Apple releases its Mac OS X
made for dual-processor version 10.5 “Leopard”
server and desktop operating system that is
computers. available in a desktop version
and server version.

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)
2007's
“Wi-Fi Hotspot“
Wi-Fi hotspots are popular in a
variety of locations. People
bring their computers to
coffeehouses, fast food
restaurants, or bookstores to
access the Internet wirelessly,
either free or for a small fee.
MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY
“Blue-ray Discs”
Blu-ray Discs increase in
popularity, overcoming and
replacing HD DVD in less than
one year. A Blu-ray Disc can
store approximately 9 hours
of high-definition (HD) video
on a 50 GB disc or
approximately 23 hours of
standard-definition (SD)
video.
2008's
“Cellphone“ “Windows
Half of the world's population Server 2008“
uses cell phones. More and
“Microsoft Office Microsoft introduces Windows
more people are using a cell
phone in lieu of a landline in 2007“ Server 2008, the successor to
their home. Windows Server 2003.
Microsoft releases Office
2007. New features include
the most significant update to
the user interface in more
than a decade, including the
introduction of the Ribbon,
which replaces the toolbars in
most of the programs, and the
capability to save documents
in XML and PDF formats.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2008's

“Netflix “Smarter Smart

“Bill Gates“
on TiVo“ phones“
Bill Gates retired from Netflix, an online movie rental
Microsoft. He continues as “Dell‘s Hybrid “WiMAX“ Smart phones become
company, and TiVo, a smarter. Smart phones
chairman and advisor on key computer” company manufacturing
WiMAX goes live! The
introduced this year include
development projects. advantage of this technology
Dell offers a hybrid computer. digital video recorders enhanced features such as
is the capability to access
Smaller than a desktop (DVRs), make Netflix movies touch screens with multi-
video, music, voice, and video
computer but larger than a and television episodes touch technology, mobile TV,
calls wherever and whenever
notebook computer, these available on TiVo (DVRs). tactile feedback, improved
desired. Average download
hybrid computers contain graphics, GPS receivers, and
speeds are between 2 Mbps
features comparable to their better cameras.
and 4 Mbps. By year's end,
larger counterparts and can
Sprint has approximately 100
work more easily in a home
million users on its network.
entertainment environment.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)

2008's 2009's

“Google Chrome“ “Web Applications“

“Solid State Drives
Google releases its new Web
(SSD‘S)“ Web applications continue to
browser. Google Chrome
Computer manufacturers begin “Firefox 3" “Converter box“ increase in popularity. Web
uses an entirely unique
to offer solid state drives In June 2009, federal law applications make it easier to
Mozilla releases Firefox 3, the interface and offers other
(SSDs) instead of hard disks, requires that all full-power perform tasks such as word
latest version of its Web features such as dynamic
mostly in notebook computers. television stations broadcast processing, photo editing, and
browser. Firefox 3 offers tabs, crash control, and
Although SSDs have a lower only in digital format. Analog tax preparation without
greater security, a more user- application shortcuts.
storage capacity, are more television owners are required installing software on your
friendly interface, and other computer.
expensive, and slightly more to purchase a converter box
improvements to enhance the
susceptible to failure, they are to view over-the-air digital
Web browsing experience.
significantly faster. programming.

ERA 5: The Mobile Age (2000s)
2009's
“Windows 7“
Microsoft releases the newest
version of its Windows
operating system, Windows 7.
This version provides greater
stability and security; a more
flexible, user-friendly interface;
and requires fewer computing
resources to operate.
MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY
“Internet Explorer 8"
Microsoft releases Internet
Explorer 8, also known as IE8.
IE8 offers new features such
as InPrivate Browsing,
Accelerators, and support for
WebSlices.
“Core i5 & Core 17“
Intel releases the Core i5 and
Core 17 line of processors.
These processors offer
increased performance for
some of the more demanding
tasks. Intel also enhances its
Core processor family by
releasing multi-core
processors, designed to
increase the number of
instructions that can be
processed at a given time.
“Social Networking“
Social networking
“Promote Fitness“ revolutionizes
communications. Schools,
Computers and mobile
radio stations, and other
devices promote fitness by
organizations develop pages
offering games and programs
on popular online social
to help users exercise and
networks, such as Facebook,
track their progress. These
creating closer connections
games and programs also are
with their stakeholders.
used to assist with physical
rehabilitation.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2010's 2004's

“Office 2010" “Hard Disk Capacity”

“Xbox 360“
Microsoft releases Office
Hard disk capacity continues
2010, the latest version of its
Kinect for Xbox 360 changes “AMD“ “Adobe CS5" to increase at an exponential
Office suite. This version is
the way people play video Adobe releases the latest rate, with the largest hard
AMD develops a 12-core available in multiple editions
games. Game players now can version of its design suite, disks storing more than 2.5
processor, which contains and continues to help people
interact with the game with a Adobe CS5. This new suite TB of data and information.
two 6-core processors, each work more efficiently. Office
series of sensors, as well as a has many performance and Solid state storage also is
on an individual chip. Power Web apps, available free to
camera, tracking their interface enhancements over becoming more popular, with
consumption is similar to that Windows Live users, offer
movements in 3-D. previous versions and takes storage capacities increasing
of a 6-core processor but online access to scaled-down
advantage of new and prices decreasing.
offers reduced clock speed. versions of Word,
technologies such as multi-
PowerPoint, Excel, and
touch.
OneNote.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2010's 2011's

“Netbooks“ “E-books & Ebooks“

“Hard-disk capacity“
Hard disk capacity continues to
increase at an exponential rate, “ Green Computing”
with the largest hard disks
Individuals and enterprises
storing more than 2.5 TB of
increase their focus on green
data and information. Solid
computing. Computer
state storage also is becoming
manufacturers not only sell
more popular, with storage
more energy- efficient
capacities increasing and
prices decreasing. hardware, they also provide
easy ways in which
customers can recycle their
old computers and devices.
Netbooks prove to be an
E-books and Ebooks readers
attractive alternative to
“Cloud Storage“ explode in popularity.
traditional notebook
Cloud Storage provides users
computers. Netbooks are
a more convenient way of
smaller and lighter than
accessing their files from
traditional notebook
almost anywhere, decreases
computers, while providing
their storage cost and
nearly the same functionality.
increases Internet connection
speed.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2011's 2012's

“SOPA“ “Google Play“

“Google Android“
Computer Hope, Craigslist,
Google introduced Google
Google Android is used by Google, Reddit, Twitter,
more than 200 types of mobile “ HTML5“ “Megaupload“ Play on March 6, 2012.
Wikipedia, and more than
devices. The Department of Justice
A new generation of Web 115,000 other websites went
seized and shut down
browsers is released to dark in protest of the SOPA
Megaupload and its related
support HTML5, enabling (Stop Online Privacy Act) on
sites on January 19, 2012, for
Web pages to contain more January 18, 2012.
Copyright infringements. One
vivid, dynamic content. year later, Mega or
mega.co.nz was launched.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2012's

“Pinterest“ “Windows Server 2012“

“Chromebox“
The first Chromebox came out
on May 29, 2012.
Pinterest was made available
Microsoft released Windows
to everyone on August 10,
“Flashback malware” “35,000 Cyber attack“ Server 2012 on September 4,
2012.
On August 15, 2012, employees of 2012.
Flashback malware infected
Saudi Aramco began to notice
over 600,000 Apple
their computers were acting
computers in April 2012.
strangely. They later discovered
they were victims of the largest
cyber attack. The attack resulted
in the data of at least 35,000
computers being partially or totally
wiped out. The company's network
did not come back online until five
months later.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2012's

“Windows 8“ “Android version 4.2“

“Ultra High Definition”
Microsoft released Windows
The Ultra High Definition Android version 4.2 was
8, the Microsoft Surface, and
standard for televisions was “Google Drive“ the Type Cover on October “Internet Explorer 10“ released on November 13,
announced by the Consumer 2012.
Google released Google 26, 2012. Internet Explorer 10 was
Electronics Association on
Drive, an online file storage released on October 26, 2012.
October 17, 2012.
service.

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)
2012's
“Graph Search“
Facebook introduced Graph
Search in January 2013 and
offered some users early beta
access to the service. Graph
Search was later released to
everyone and allows people
to use natural language in the
Facebook search.
MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY
2013's
“Google Maps Engine
Lite”
Google Maps Engine Lite was
released for Android devices
in March 2013.
“Razer Edge Pro“ “Trojan Virus
The first gaming tablet was
Cryptolocker“
released by Razer, named the
Razer Edge Pro, on March 1, “DDoS attack“ The trojan virus Cryptolocker
2013. It was a tablet computer One of the biggest
was discovered in September
designed for playing PC 2013. The spread of
cyberattacks in Internet
games, with the power and Cryptolocker was stopped in
history happened on March
performance to do so. It May 2014, and it was
29, 2013, as a massive DDoS
featured an Intel Core i7 estimated over $27 million was
attack targets The Spamhaus
processor, 8 GB RAM, 256 GB paid by victims as ransom, the
Project.
SSD, NVIDIA GeForce GT largest ransomware total to
640M 2 GB video card, and a date.
10.1-inch display.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2013's

“Chromecast“ “Excel 2013 & Word “Google Class“

“Android Version 4.3"
Google introduced the
Chromecast on July 24, 2013. Android version 4.3 was
released on July 24, 2013.
2013“ Google Glass was introduced in
2013.
Microsoft released Excel 2013 “Firefox O3“
and Word 2013 in 2013.
Mozilla introduced the Firefox
OS (operating system) in
2013.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY
Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)
2013's 2014's
“Android TV“
Android TV was released on
June 25, 2014. “ HTML5"
The HTML5 programming
language was recommended
and released to the public on
October 28, 2014, by W3C.
“Amazon Photos“
Amazon Photos was
introduced in 2014. “Windows 10“
Windows Insider was
introduced with the Windows
10 update in 2014.
“Shell Shock
Vulnerability“
The largest bug bounty was
awarded in 2014 when Unix
specialist Stéphane Chazelas
discovered the Shell Shock
vulnerability in the widely used
Bash shell.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2014's 2015's 2016's

“Play Station “Alphabet“

Portable Google split into two
Discontinue“ “ Apple Watch” companies on August 10, “Reprogrammable
2015. The new company
The PlayStation Portable
Apple releases the Apple
Quantum computer“
known as Alphabet is now
consoles were discontinued
Watch. Microsoft releases responsible for Google, Nest, The first reprogrammable quantum computer was
in 2014.
Windows 10 Google Capital, Google Fiber, created. "Until now, there hasn't been any quantum-
Calico, Google X, Sidewalk computing platform that had the capability to program
Labs, and Google Ventures. new algorithms into their system. They're usually each
tailored to attack a particular algorithm," said study lead
author Shantanu Debnath, a quantum physicist and
optical engineer at the University of Maryland, College
Park.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2017's 2018's

“DARPA“ “Google Wallet & “Google Ad Manager“

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Android Pay“ Google introduced Google Ad
Agency (DARPA) is developing a new
Google merged Google Wallet “EOS“ Manager in June 2018.
"Molecular Informatics" program that uses EOS, a cryptocurrency, was
and Android Pay into Google
molecules as computers. "Millions of launched on January 31, 2018.
Pay and released the service
molecules exist, and each molecule has a
for all Android and iOS
unique three-dimensional atomic structure
devices on January 8, 2018.
as well as variables such as shape, size, or
even color. This richness provides a vast
design space for exploring novel and multi-
value ways to encode and process data
beyond the 0s and 1s of current logic-
based, digital architectures.”
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2018's 2019's 2020's

“World smallest
Computer“
On June 21, 2018, the “ Quantum Computer” “COVID- 19
University of Michigan
A team at Google became the first to demonstrate
Coronavirus“
announced the creation of the
quantum supremacy — creating a quantum computer In early February 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19
"world's smallest computer," an
that could feasibly outperform the most powerful coronavirus in China caused significant disruption to the
ARM (Advanced RISC Machine)
classical computer — albeit for a very specific problem worldwide technology industry. Google announced the temporary
Cortex-M0 microcontroller
with no practical real-world application. They described closure of all offices in mainland China, and all Apple stores in
measuring 0.3 mm on each
the computer, dubbed "Sycamore" in a paper in the China were closed indefinitely. Companies including Qualcomm,
side.
journal Nature that same year. Achieving quantum Nintendo, and Facebook Oculus announced major losses in
advantage – in which a quantum computer solves a production from its factories located in China. The Chinese
problem with real-world applications faster than the government reported a 50% decrease in smartphone sales. The
most powerful classical computer — is still a ways off. outbreak also demonstrated the digital divide around the world
for students and workers who were unable to work remotely.

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)
2020's
“Twitter Work “
On March 12, 2020, Twitter
announced that all of its
employees working remotely
from home due to the COVID-
19 pandemic would be allowed
to do so indefinitely.
MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY
“India
Government“
“ Twitter On June 26, 2020, the India
Spaces” Government banned TikTok,
UC Browser, WeChat, and
In June 2020, Twitter other Chinese apps.
introduced Twitter Spaces.
2021's
“Apple AirTag“
Apple released the Apple
AirTag.
“5.4 Million Users“
An API (application
programming interface)
vulnerability was disclosed in
January 2021, allowing anyone
to access Twitter users
private phone numbers and e-
mail addresses that are not
meant to be public. Using this
vulnerability, attackers
scraped over 5.4 million users'
data.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2021's 2015's

“553 million
Facebook Users“
On April 3, 2021, over 553 “ Microsoft Monthly “Youtube Shorts“
million Facebook users' Subscriptions”
information was posted online YouTube introduced “Facebook Meta“
Microsoft announced on July 14, YouTube Shorts in July 2021.
from a 2019 leak. The details Facebook announced it would
2021, its new monthly
included the users' full name, rebrand its company name to
subscription-based service called
location, birthday, e-mail Meta on October 28, 2021.
Windows 365. The service would
address, phone number, and
allow anyone with any device to
relationship status.
run Microsoft Windows through
the cloud.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2022's 2023's

“T-Mobile Security
Breach“ “CAIS“
On May 30, 2023, CAIS
In January, T-Mobile announced
it had a security breach with its
“GPT-4“ (Center for AI Safety)
OpenAI released GPT-4 released a statement from
“ 1st exascale Supercomputer” API (application programming
on March 15, 2023. OpenAI and DeepMind, Turing
interface) that allowed a hacker
The first exascale supercomputer, and the world's fastest, Award winners, and other AI
to obtain customer data for over
Frontier, went online at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing (artificial intelligence)
37 million accounts.
Facility (OLCF) in Tennessee. Built by Hewlett Packard researchers warning that their
Enterprise (HPE) at the cost of $600 million, Frontier uses nearly life's work on AI could
10,000 AMD EPYC 7453 64-core CPUs alongside nearly 40,000 potentially extinguish
AMD Radeon Instinct MI250X GPUs. This machine ushered in humanity.
the era of exascale computing, which refers to systems that can
reach more than one exaFLOP of power – used to measure the
performance of a system. Only one machine – Frontier – is
currently capable of reaching such levels of performance. It is
currently being used as a tool to aid scientific discovery.
 MILESTONE IN COMPUTER HISTORY

Era 6: The Era of Big Data and AI (2010s-Present)

2023's

“ChatGPT“ “Instagram Thread“ “Utah“

Microsoft released ChatGPT-
powered Bing on February 7,
2023.
“GIGABYTE”
On June 1, 2023, GIGABYTE
released a firmware to help
address a security
vulnerability discovered in
over 270 of its motherboards
(Intel 400/500/600/700 and
AMD 400/500/600 series).
Utah became the first U.S.
Meta introduced Threads to
state to sign a law requiring
Instagram on July 5, 2023, “Condor“ parental consent for minors to
allowing users to
IBM released the first-ever use social media.
communicate using text,
1,000-qubit quantum chip
similar to Twitter.
called Condor on December 4,
2023, bringing quantum
computing for everyone closer
to reality.

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