INTRODUCTORY GENETICS 2

1.6 Describe the process of mRNA editing.

What is the purpose of Alternative RNA
splicing?
1.6 Describe the process of mRNA editing. What is the purpose of Alternative
RNA splicing?
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We normally think of DNA when we think about the molecule that regulates all of our
traits. DNA is the cell’s genetic substance, and it contains the final instructions for
creating you. To access the message in DNA, it must first be transcribed, or copied, to
mRNA, and then translated into protein. Although most of us are aware of the critical
concept, we may be less aware of the mRNA mutations that cause temporary
transcription. Some cells alter the mRNA in the process known as the RNA editing.
RNA editing is a biological process by which some cells can modify individual nucleotide
sequences within an RNA polymerase in a distinct manner. The insertion, deletion, and
base substitution of nucleotides inside the RNA molecule are all examples of RNA
editing. The nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell, as well as mitochondria and plastids, are
all places where RNA is edited. RNA editing is mRNAs effectively changes the amino
acid sequence of the encoded protein, making it different from what the genomic DNA
sequence predicts.
This process is known to modify RNA nucleotides to change the amino sequences. This
usually requires editing specific nucleotides and is different from RNA splicing, which is
more related to a large scale cut-and-paste form of editing that occurs in eukaryotes.
RNA editing can be used to alter the process the proteins produced in response to
changes in the cell’s environment. It aids in the production of diversity in protein
products from a small number of genes. RNA editing is carried out by a wide range of
organisms, from single-celled protozoa to humans. The RNA editing procedures a can
be split into two groups: addition and deletion.

1. Addition and Deletion

The addition method is the first strategy to alter RNA. New nucleotides are added into
the original sequence during edition. Consider moving your cursor to a new location in a
message to add a new letter. This is a case of addition in action. An addition is
demonstrated in this example. The power of addition lies in the fact that it can produce a
frame shift. When RNA is read to form produce protein, it is prefer reading in three-
nucleotide groups, which might cause a frame shift. Deletion eliminates a nucleotide in
the same way as using the backspace key removes a letter from a paragraph.
The protozoan organism trypanosomes, one of which causes the infection of African
sleeping sickness, is a good example of addition and deletion RNA editing. RNA editing
mechanisms in mitochondrial DNA in these organisms have been widely studied by
scientists. They discovered numerous metabolism-related genes that are modifies
through addition and deletion editing. The nucleotide uracil is either inserted or deleted
in these species to synthesize mRNA, which therefore creates a functional protein. The
cell produces “guide” RNA to assist I the placement of insertions and deletions. The
editosome, a collection of proteins, then aligns the guide with RNA and adds or deletes
bases as appropriate.
In trypanosome mitochondrial RNA guide RNA, guide RNA has been shown to aid in
the organization of additions and deletions.

2. Substitution
Substitution is another method of RNA editing. Consider typing a letter and swapping
out one letter for another, such as an A for a U. Substitution in RNA editing, when one
nucleotide is replaced with another, is equivalent to this. Instead of cutting off the
existing nucleotide and replacing it with a new one to create a substitution, the current
nucleotides often undergo a chemical reaction to affect their structure. Deamination is a
typical method for accomplishing this. Deamination is a typical method for
accomplishing this. Because the adenine nucleotide loses a chemical component called
an amine group, this sort of substitution is known as deamination.