RUHR-UNIVERSITÄT BOCHUM

Master of Science Programme

Computational Engineering

Exam Variational Calculus & Tensor Analysis 31.01.2022

Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Hoppe

Name:

Student Identification Number:

Signature:

Task Points

1 5

2 5

3 5

4 5

4 5

5 5

6 5

7 5

8 5

9 5

TOTAL 45
Tasks

1. A basis (g1 , g2 ) of a 2-dimensional vector space is given by

" # " #
1 1
g1 = , g2 = .
2 0

Determine the dual basis (g1 , g2 ).

2. Write the expression ai δi j δ jk bk in full notation.

3. Given vectors
" # " # " #
1 2 2
u= , v= , w= ,
2 0 2

determine
a) the component matrix of u ⊗ v.
b) the result of (u ⊗ v) · w.

4. Given a tensor
" #
3 −1
A= ,
−1 3

determine
a) the principal invariants.
b) the inverse A−1 by means of the Cayley-Hamilton theorem.

5. Given a vector field

 x y 
 
u(x) =  y2 z 
 
 2 2
x z

determine
a) the divergence div(u)
b) the gradient grad(u)

6. Let v = x y ex + y2 z e y + x2 z2 ez be a vector field. Calculate

Z
v · n dA
∂Ω

over a cube Ω with dimensions −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ z ≤ 2.

7. Find the curve joining the points (0, 0) and (1, 1) for which
Z 1  
1 + (y′′ (x))2 dx
0

is minimal if y′ (0) = 1 and y′ (1) = 1.

8. Find the Euler-Lagrange equation(s) of the variational problem

Z  
I[u] = (u,x )2 + (u, y )2 + (u,z )2 dx −→ min
Ω

where u = u(x, y, z) is a scalar field in the 3-dimensional domain Ω.

9. Find the Euler-Lagrange equation(s) of the variational problem

Z  
I[y] = (y′ )2 + (x)2 dx −→ extremum
Ω
R1
subject to the conditions y(0) = 0, y(1) = 0 and 0
y2 dx = 2.