03 The Impact of New Housing - ISUF2011

18th International Seminar on Urban Form
ISUF2011
Montréal www.isuf2011.com
urban morphology and

the post-carbon city
la morphologie urbaine et
la ville de l’après carbone
August 26 – 29, 2011

Concordia University
26 – 29 août 2011
Université Concordia
The 18th International Seminar on Urban Form | ISUF 2011 | Montréal
ISUF 2011
PROGRAM | Table of Content
Streams and Sessions ………………………………… 2
Schedule ………………………………………………… 6
Abstracts ………………………………………………… 25
List of Participants ………………………………… 238
Members of the Organizing Committee ………… 251
1
ISUF 2011
PROGRAM | Streams
August 26 - August 29 2011
Stream 1 Advances in Theory and Methods
0101 Plenary: Issues in urban morphology

Session 1.0 | Friday August 26, 11:00 –12:00 | Amphitheater MB 1.210
0102 Cross-cultural and Disciplinary Dialogues

Session 1.3 | Friday August 26, 13:30 – 15:00 | Room 3.430
0103 Advances on Morphometric Analyses

0104 On Land-Use, Form and Measurements 1

Session 3.5 | Saturday August 27, 8:30 –10:00 | Room 3.445

Session 4.5 | Saturday August 27, 10:30 – 12:00 | Room 3.445
See also:
0805 New Theoretical Perspectives on Morphology, Sustainability and Planning
Session 2.1 | Friday August 26, 15:30 – 17:00| Room 3.210
Stream 2 ON TEMPORALITY
0201 Continuity and Change, Permanence and Obsolescence 1



Stream 3 New Regional Spatial Dynamics
0301 The Dispersed City / La ville diffuse

Session 8.1 | Sunday August 28, 13:30 – 15:00 | Room 3.210
(Note Session in French with English translation)
0302 The Fragmented City

Session 11.4 | Monday August 29, 10:30 – 12:00 | Room 3.435
Stream 4 On Form, Society AND Technology
0401 Urban Form in the Digital Age

Session 9.5 | Sunday August 28,15:30 – 17:00 | Room 3.445
0402 Urban Form and Social Mediations 1

2
Session 10.4 | Monday August 29, 8:30 –10:00 | Room 3.435
0404 Urban Form and Political Mediations

0405 On Urban Form and Political Economy 1


Stream 5 On Heritage and Form
0501 Morphological Interpretations and Heritage

Session 6.4 | Sunday August 28,8:30 -10:00 | Room 3.435
0502 Heritage and Cultural Mediations

0503 Heritage as Experienced and Perceived

0504 Ordinary Landscapes and Heritage

Stream 6 Topical Explorations
0601 Public and Open Space Morphologies 1


0603 On Fringe Belts

0604 Waterfront Morphologies

0605 University Campus Morphologies

0606 Exploring the Traditional Chinese City Form

0607 Pre-Industrial Morphologies 1

Session 6.5 | Sunday August 28, 8:30 –10:00 | Room 3.445

Stream 7 On Form, Sustainability and Climate Change
0701 On Urban Form and Environmental Performance 1

3





0707 On Urban Form and Active transportation 1


0709 On Urban Form and Motorized Transportation

0710 On Urban Form, Land Use and Transportation

Session 5.6 | Saturday August 27,13:30 – 15:00 | Room 3.265
0711 Compact City and Bio-Climatic Dilemmas

0712 Urban Sustainability: Lessons From History

Stream 8 On Morphology, Planning and Urban Design
0801 Morphology and Sustainable Urbanism 1/Morphologie et urbanisme durable 1




(Note Session in English and French with English translation)

0806 Planning for Sustainability/New Planning Practices

4
0807 Planning for Sustainability/New Planning Approaches 1




0811 Planning for Sustainability/Planning Policy

0812 Planning for Sustainability/Land Use Regulation

0813 Planning for Sustainability/Brownfield Redevelopment

0814 Large Housing Estates, Then and Tomorrow

0815 Morphology and Sustainable Urban Design 1


0817 On Morphological Interpretations and Urban Design

Concluding Plenaries
Session 12.1 Plenary | Monday August 29, 12:15 – 12:45 | Amphitheater MB 1.210
5
ISUF 2011
PROGRAM | Schedule
Thursday August 25 | PM
Registration Desk opened from Friday August 25, 13:00 to Monday August 29, 10:00|
Main Lobby Concordia University, MB Building, 1450 rue Guy (corner of de Maisonneuve Boulevard)
Pre-Conference Meetings
Editorial Board Meeting | Thursday August 25, 15:30 – 17:00 | Concordia University
Henry F. Hall Building, Room 1252 (12th floor),1455 Boulevard de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal
ISUF Council Meeting |Thursday August 25, 17:00 – 18:30 | Bistro Gourmet
2100, rue Saint-Mathieu, Montréal
Friday, August 26 | AM
Registration | Friday August 26, Starting at 8:00 – 17:00 daily |

Main Lobby, MB Building, 1450 rue Guy
Opening Session | Friday August 26, 10:00 – 11:00 | Amphitheater MB 1.210

Chairs: Pierre Gauthier (Concordia University) and Jason Gilliland (University of Western Ontario)
Welcome remarks
Clarence Epstein (Concordia University, Office of the President and Vice-Chancellor)

A Bird’s-Eye View of Concordia’s Urban Footprint
Session 1.0 Plenary | Friday August 26, 11:00 – 12:00 | Amphitheater MB 1.210
01011355 Whitehand, Jeremy (University of Birmingham, Editor of Urban Morphology)

Issues in Urban Morphology
Lunch Break | 12:00 – 13:30
Friday, August 26 | PM

0712 Urban Sustainability: Lessons from History
Chair: Paul Hess (University of Toronto)
07121330 Larkham, Peter and David Adams (Birmingham City University)

Persistence, adaptation, life cycle: conceptualizing sustainable urban form?
07121236 Guerreiro, Maria Rosália (University Institute of Lisbon) and Guarda, Israel (Universidade Nova de
Lisboa)
Bioclimatic urbanism and regional design in Portugal: The Atlantic and Mediterranean contexts.
07121274 Alam, Mohammad Ariful (American International University Bangladesh)

Continuity of civic ideals, urban form and sustainability
6

Chair: Jason Gilliland / Richard Sadler (University of Western Ontario)
07011227 Christen, A. (University of British Columbia); Bergeron, O. (Mcgill University); Crawford, B.

(University of British Columbia); Tooke, T.R (University of British Columbia); Van der Laan, M. (University of
British Columbia); Strachan. I. (McGill University) and J.A. Voogt (University of Western Ontario)
Tower-based measurements of carbon emissions in four Canadian residential neighbourhoods reveal
linkages between urban metabolism and form
07011147 Weigel, Brent A. (Georgia Institute of Technology)

Development of a commercial building site selection framework for minimizing greenhouse gas
emissions and energy consumption
07011248 Voogt, James (University of Western Ontario); Krayenhoff, Eric Scott (University of British
Columbia) and Ivan Lee (University of Western Ontario)
Urban surface temperatures and urban form

Chair: Jeremy Whitehand (University of Birmingham)
01021212 Alzahrani, Adel (School of Architecture and Design Research); Jacobson, Wendy (College of
Architecture and Urban Studies) and Patrick Miller (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)
Literature review: urban form and morphology: Theoretical framework, application, and case studies
01021338 Griffiths, Sam (University College of London)

Historical space in Alnwick: an experiment in thinking across disciplines
01021164 Kukina, Irina V. (Siberian Federal University)

The similarity of German, English and Russian scientific approaches to investigating the history of
the urban form: The case of the fringe belts studies in Russian cities.
01021069 Kim, Kwang-Joong (Seoul National University)

The study of urban form in Korea

Chair: Lisa Bornstein (McGill University)
02011042 Zeballos, Carlos (Research Institute of Humanity and Nature) and Mikhail Belushkin (Maritime
State University)
Modernisation, city and landscape: a comparative study of Vladivostok, Russia and Otsu Japan
02011304 Akins, Edwin E. II (Southern Polytechnic State University Architecture)

Cotton, munitions, and goats: The Van Winkle cotton gin of Atlanta, GA
02011005 Braiden, Heather (McGill University)

From extraction to city building: Exploring the role of Montréal’s local mining heritage and
infrastructure development in the 19th and 20th centuries

Chair: Nik Luka (McGill University)
06051312 Evenden, Leonard (Simon Fraser University) and Lee Gravel (Simon Fraser University)
Monument and ideal at the urban periphery: The case of Simon Fraser University
06051167 Adhya, Anirban (Lawrence Technological University)
7
Four towns, four stories: a comparative study of four college towns as attractive places in small
metropolitan regions in U.S.A.
06051068 Cocozza, Glauco (Federal University of Uberlândia) and Liliane Torres Oliveira (Uniessa,
Uberlândia)
Form and concept of new Brazilian universities campuses
Coffee Break | 15:00 – 15:30 | Mezzanine Room 3.130

Chair: Piper Gaubatz (University of Massachusetts Amherst)
08051143 Marcus, Lars (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

Towards a spatial morphology of social-ecological urban systems
08051225 Gaubatz, Piper (University of Massachusetts Amherst)

Environmental imperatives and urban form: Building a framework for understanding the potential
impacts of new environmental discourses on urban form.
08051157 Ganjavie, Amir (University of Toronto)

The role of utopian projects in the design of sustainable cities
08051233 Bartolini, Alessio (Università degli Studi di Bologna)

Active reading of urban and architectural morphologies to define the “design matrix”, as a point of
reference for post-carbon technical design

0707 On Urban Form and Active Transportation 1
Chair: Carole Després (Université Laval)
07071033 Lerman, Yoav (Tel-Aviv University)

Morphological and functional attributes of the urban environment and pedestrian movement in the
city of Tel-Aviv
07071207 Chavez, Michelle Ladd (Université Laval) ; Boucher, Sophie (Université Laval) ; Bachiri,
Nabila(Université Laval) ; Vachon, Geneviève (Université Laval) and Carole Després (Université Laval)
Understanding the form of environments where adolescents walk – or not: A comparison of
walkability conditions in areas surrounding eight Quebec City high schools
07071110 Choi, Eunyoung (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

Understanding walkability: A case study in Stockholm, Sweden
07071131 Guaralda, Mirko (Queensland University of Technology); Kumarasuriyar, Anoma (Queensland

University of Technology); Robertson, Elise (Queensland University of Technology) and Angela Barbeler
(Queensland University of Technology)
Urban maze: a typological investigation in porous morphology and dynamic pedestrian networks

0702 On Form and Environmental Performance 2
Chair: Jason Gilliland (University of Western Ontario)
07021336 Maltby, Matthew J. and Jason Gilliland (University of Western Ontario)

Examining the influence of the built environment on cyclists’ personal exposure to fine particulate
matter air pollution
07021094 Yang, Yang; Hu, Xiaoxuan; Cheng, Min and Han Zhao (Nanjing University)
Proper urban morphology in local wind conditions
8
07021027 Blazejczyk, Krzysztof; Kunert, Anna; Kuchcik, Magda, Baranowski, Jarek; Adamczyk, Beata;
Szmyd, Jakub and Pawel Milewski (Polish Academy of Sciences)
The influence of spatial organization on biothermal conditions of urban areas
07021030 Salomons, Erik M. (TNO Delft) and Meta Berghauser Pont (Delft University of Technology)
Numerical study of the relation between traffic noise and urban density and form

Chair: Richard Sadler (University of Western Ontario)
02021275 Sanders, Paul (Queensland University of Technology)

Persistence of architectural elements in Urban Morphology
02021136 Chen, Fei (University of Liverpool)

Building forms in urban transformation: A study of architecture in Suzhou
02021115 Radovic, Darko and Pega Sanoamuang(Keio University)

Introduction of new technologies and the identity of place: Tokyo and its transportation structures

Chair: François Dufaux (Université Laval)
01031271 Vialard, Alice (Georgia Institute of Technology)

Looking for the perfect fit: street network, blocks and building footprints
01031300 Haynie, Dawn; Scoppa, Martin and Alice Vialard (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Analyzing the shape and place of big blocks
01031158 Mohajeri, Nahid (University College London)

How landscape constraints control the geometric evolution of cities: examples from Khorramabad
and Rasht, Iran
Friday August 26 | EVENING
MEET AND GREET COCKTAIL | 18:00 – 20:00 | Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA)
Centre Canadien d’Architecture – Canadian Centre for Architecture | 1920, rue Baile Montréal
Saturday August 27 | AM

Chair: Craig Townsend (Concordia University)
08061223 Bui, To Uyen; Bonneaud, Frederic and Pierre Fernandez (University of Toulouse)
Characterization and comparison of major European sustainable neighborhoods projects
08061289 LaMontagne, Neal (City of Vancouver)

Complexity and uncertainty for the post carbon future
08061249 Filion, Pierre (University of Waterloo); Lehrer, Ute (York University); Lee, Michelle (University of
Waterloo); Hakull, Kent (University of Waterloo) and Andria Oliveira
Emerging suburban planning models: Content analysis of recent suburban plans in the Toronto
region
9
08061178 Osdoba. Tom (Center for Sustainable Business Practices); Dunn, Elizabeth (National Trust for
Historic Preservation); Van Hemert, Hendrik (Center for Sustainable Business Practices) and J. Love (Center
for Sustainable Business Practices)
The Role of District Energy in Greening Existing Neighborhoods: A primer for policy makers and local
government officials

0708 On Urban Form and Active Transportation 2
07081286 Brand Zook, Julie (Georgia Institute of Technology)

Liveliness and walkability are not the same thing: The role of the local-to-global urban scale
07081332 Aghili, Mahdieh; Kayal, Amir and Hasanuddin Bin Lamit (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)
Association between physical features of urban form and pedestrianism as an index of ‘sense of
community,’ based on New Urbanism principles
07081176 Boucher, Sophie; Bachiri, Nabila; Després, Carole and Geneviève Vachon (Université Laval)
Do unfriendly pedestrian conditions discourage walking? Comparing adolescents’ most commonly
used paths in five Quebec City high schools’ vicinities
07081118 Alam, Bhuiyan (University of Toledo)

A national study on the association among metropolitan sprawling index, Active transportation and
health: The case of young adults

Chair: James Voogt (University of Western Ontario)
07031222 Dubois, Catherine (Université Laval)

Adapting cities to climate change: manipulating urban form to temper increasing temperature
07031104 Cheng, Min; Hu, Xiaoxuan; Yang, Yang and Han Zhao (Nanjing University)
Exploring the relationship between street geometry and sky view factor: a method to investigate the
impact of urban form on urban heat island
07031017 Jusuf, Steve Kardinal; Wong, Nyuk Hien and Liang Tan Chun (National University of Singapore)
Influence of urban morphology on sky view factor and air temperature pattern: Case studies in
university estates of tropical and temperate climates
07031050 Wong, Nyuk Hien; Islam, Nabanita; Ignatius, Marcel and Steve Kardinal Jusuf (National University
of Singapore)
Urban greenery as mitigation strategy for urban heat island in high destiny commercial district of
Dhaka

02031199 Nogueira, Adriana Dantas and Eder da Silva Donizeti (Federal University of Sergipe)
Rediscovering a forgotten city: the case study of Laranjeiras
02031109 Sadler, Richard; Gilliland, Jason and Godwin Arku (University of Western Ontario)
Abandonment and renewal: The evolving urban form of Flint, Michigan
02031288 Castriota, Leonardo and Jaqueline Duarte Santos (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais)
A historic city in a metropolitan area: permanence and transformation in Sabará, Brazil
02031126 Muminović, Milica and Darko Radovic (Keio University)
10
Continuity, change and identity of the place – a case study of the Yanesen area in Tokyo

0104 On Land Use, Form and Measurements 1
Chair: Patrick Sewell (Georgia Institute of Technology)
01041239 Jaeger, Jochen A.G. (Concordia University) and Christian Schwick (Die Geographen
Schwick+Spichtig)
Measuring urban sprawl for implementation as an indicator in the Swiss Monitoring System of
Landscape Quality (Labes)
01041309 Schlee, Mônica Bahia (Pennsylvania State University) and Vera Regina Tângari (Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro)
Slope landscape morphology in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil: methodology of analysis
01041331 McGurk, Tom (Concordia University)

An enquiry into methods of measurement of employment density, transportation and urban form
01041175 Sewell, Patrick (Georgia Institute of Technology)

If the city is an interface of scales, how many scales are there? An analysis of centrality in the modern
city

08071202 Sandalack, Beverly A. and Francisco Alaniz Uribe (University of Calgary)

Calgary’s Middle Ring Neighbourhoods: transitioning post-World War 2 urban form to greater
sustainability
08071082 Reyes Rodriguez, Ramon and Eliazar Reyes Rodriguez (Universidad de Guadalajara)
Morphological and environmental transformations around a “Ramsar” site: The Chapala-Jocotepec
corridor case, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico
08071265 Davidovichi-Marton, Ronit and Dekel Shlomit (D.M.R Planning and Development)
Raanana’s Strategic Plan for a sustainable city model for the plan to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and municipal Master Plan
08071043 Kramer, Anna

The affordability paradox: public transit expansion and urban intensification

0601Public and Open Space Morphologies 1
Chair: John Zacharias (Concordia University)
06011159 Barreiros Proença, Sérgio (Technical University of Lisbon)

Street morphology and street toponymy. A morpho-toponymical types definition of Lisbon streets
06011121 Young, Jenny E. and Donald B. Corner (UniversityofOregon)

Recharging Traditional Public Space
06011295 Magalhaes Pereira da Silva, Jonathas (PUC-Campinas); Soares Macedo, Silvio (National Council
for Scientific and Technological Development); Fernandes Queiroga, Eugenio (National Council for Scientific
and Technological Development); Galender, Fany (Universidade de São Paulo); de Arruda Campos, Ana
Cecilia (Universidade de São Paulo); Custódio, Vanderli (Universidade de São Paulo); Akamine, Rogério
(Universidade de São Paulo); Degreas, Helena (Universidade de São Paulo) and Fábio Mariz Gonçalves
(Universidade de São Paulo);
11
The open spaces system as a structural element of urban form: proposal for a new point of view
06011322 Dias Fernandes, Ludmila (Universidade de Brasília) and Valério Augusto Soares de Medeiros
(Centro Universitário Unieuro)
The paradigm of urbanity and formality: investigating four civic squares in Brazil

Chair: James Voogt (University of Western Ontario)
07041074 Van der Laan Micheal, Christen Andreas; Kellett, Ronald; Thoreau Rory Tooke(University of British
Columbia)
Urban morphology and building typology: Carbon emissions estimates through LiDAR and building
energy simulation
07041112 Zhao, Han; Cheng, Min; Xiaoxuan, Hu and Yang Yang (Nanjing University)
Energy Consumption-based Urban Texture Analysis
07041091 Chong, Adrian and Nyuk Hiena Wong (National University of Singapore)
A generalized methodology for determining the increase in total heat gain through building envelopes
due to climate change

Chair: Geneviève Vachon (Université Laval)
08131071 de Souza, Adriane Aparecida Moreira (University of São Paulo and University of Vale do Paraíba)
Development Policies and their Local Impacts: A Study of the Restructuring of the Sao Jose dos Campos
Industrial park and its consolidation as the Center of Aerospace Technology in Brazil
08131321 Mandal, Anindita and Hugh Byrd (The University of Auckland)

Sustainability and urban Brownfield redevelopment: Analyzing current trends for Mumbai
08131181 McClure, Wendy R. (University of Idaho)

Sustaining cultural memory in the post carbon city: Design considerations for re-purposing
Brownfield sites in two university cities

01051169 Hausleitner, Birgit and Meta Berghauser Pont (TU Delft)

The influence of the built density on the existence of micro businesses in Amsterdam
01051142 Sardari, Sayyar, Sara and Lars Marcus (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Looking for diversity: Operational definition of diversity and the tools to measure it
01051296 Villain, Julie and Pierre Gauthier (Concordia University)

On some spatial determinants of retail location along local commercial streets in Montréal
01051156 Mashhoodi, Bardia and Meta Berghauser Pont (TU Delft)

The relation between urban form, its density (aerial and accessible) and the distribution of functions
12
Lunch Break | 12:00 – 13:30
Saturday August 27 | PM

0808 Planning for Sustainability /New Planning Approaches 2
Chair: Paul Hess (University of Toronto)
08081129 Ferrante, Annarita and Adolfo C. Dell’Acqua (University of Bologna)

Technical innovation in socio-oriented urban environments for “transitional pathways” towards low
carbon cities: A conceptual framework
08081183 Dunn, Elizabeth (National Trust for Historic Preservation)

The Granular City: How the physical composition of buildings within urban blocks relates to
prevailing ‘sustainable community’ indicators
08081261 Wopereis, Brunna; Tângari, Vera Regina; Costa Capillé, Cauê and Natalia Parahyba (Universidade
Urban morphology and the open spaces systems in Rio de Janeiro: An application of GIS technology
08081008 Oliveira, Vitor and Paulo Pinho (Universidade do Porto)

A morphologically-based methodology for integrated research and practice on the city

Chair: Kai Gu (University of Auckland)
06041127 Furukawa Naoaki; Shigeru, Satoh and Susumu Kawahara (Waseda Research Institute of Science
and Engineering)
On the typological transfiguration of a city and its water system: A case study of Hue, the Shanshui
City of Vietnam
06041102 Chen, Jintang (South China University of Technology)

Morphological Change in the Nanzhan and Changti Areas in Guangzhou, 1911-2010
06041146 Fu, Shulan (University of Tokyo)

Waterfront planning process and socio-economic change in the urban fringe area: A fringe-belt study
of Hangzhou City in China (1907-2007)
06041216 Gu, Kai (University of Auckland)

Morphological processes, planning and reality: redeveloping the urban waterfront in Auckland and
Wellington

07051018 Kruger, Eduardo and Rohinton Emmanuel (Glasgow Caledonian University)

Historical trends and the effect of land use in microclimate variations in Glasgow, UK
07051111 Solis, Jorge Villanueva (Autonomous University of Baja California)

Urban heat island: dynamic simulation, assessment and measuring mitigation in cities of extreme dry
weather
07051105 Hu, Xiaoxuan; Cheng, Min; Yang, Yang and Han Zhao (Nanjing University)
Regional average sky view factor analysis of Chinese urban texture
07051028 Marat-Mendes, Teresa (University Institute of Lisbon)
13
The urban form of the post carbon city: Towards an urban sustainability

Chair: John Zacharias (Concordia University)
06021040 Zhen,Xu; Han, Ling Yun and Shun Bao Du (Nanjing University)
Open space transformation in the fringe belt of Nanjing (1900s-2000s): A case study of Bailu Islet and
East Water Gate Area
06021320 Meneguetti, Karin S; Rego, Renato L.; Beloto, Gislaine E. and Aline M. da Silveira (Universidade
Estadual de Maringá)
Open spaces as structuring element of urban form in Northern Parana New Towns
06021210 Maciel, Marieta Cardoso; Villefort Teixeira, Maria Cristina and Stael de Alvarenga Pereira
Costa(Federal University of Minas Gerais)
Road system and public parks as urban form permanent and structuring spaces
06021067 Cocozza, Glauco de Paula and Lucas Martinsde Oliveira (Federal University of Uberlândia)
Urban form and open spaces: the case of Brazilian medium-sized cities

0811Planning for Sustainability/Planning Policy
Chair: Ethan Ling (Concordia University)
08111278 Salden, Samantha L. (University of Notre Dame School of Architecture)

The true cost: Comparative analysis of urban and suburban form
08111307 da Silva, Jonathas Magalhães Pereira (Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas); Tângari, Vera
Regina(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro)
The territorial and landscape changes: printing cultural and physical marks
08111177 Salgado, Marina (Instituto Estadual do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico de Minas Gerais); Nogueira
Herculano, Renata (Universidade FUMEC) and CamilaSardinha Cecconello (Instituto de Educação
Continuada)
Townscape: Influence or consequence?
08111291 Bretschneider, Betul (Vienna University of Technology)

Who plans the city? Vienna’s housing development tool in the spotlight

07101323 Di Almeida Vieira, Patrick (Universidade de Brasília) and Valério Augusto Soares de Medeiros
(Centro Universitário Unieuro)
The segregation of space: relating urban form and public transportation system in Goiânia, Brazil
07101334 Bachiri, Nabila ; Després, Carole and Marie-Hélène Vandersmissenet, (Université Laval)
Beyond urban form, what makes teenagers walk? The contribution of food retail outlets
07101114 Casarin, Vanessa; Gonçalves Santiago, Alina and Renato Tibiriça Saboya (Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina)
Analysis of accessibility at Moínhos de Vento Park in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through
Space Syntax methods
Montreal Field Trips | 15:30 – 17:00
Saturday August 27 | EVENING
14
COCKTAIL and GALA DINNER | 18:00 – … | Marché Bonsecours

Marché Bonsecours, Salle de la Commune | 300 Saint-Paul Street East, Montréal
Sunday August 28 | AM

Chair: Pierre Gauthier (Concordia University)
08011329 Larochelle, Pierre

Identité culturelle du milieu construit et aménagement soutenable
08011324 Callais, Chantal (École nationale supérieure d’architecture et de paysage de Bordeaux)

Ville historique et développement durable: les « écoquartiers » du XIXe siècle à Bordeaux
08011280 Gwiazdzinski, Luc (Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble)

Chrono-urbanisme : la clé d’une ville augmentée
08011039 Maumi, Catherine (École nationale supérieure d’architecture de Grenoble)

“Damn you, keep your eye on the ball !”

08091281 Barbolini, Fausto; Guardigli, Luca and Annarita Ferrante ( Università degli studi di Bologna)
Participative urban processes for Energy retrofitting in the urban contexts: a case study in Modena
(Italy)
08091066 Antonucci, Denise (Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie) and Paulo Victor Gomes Takimoto
(Arquiteto pela Universidade Presbiteriana )
Urban Renewal and the Gentrification Action (process)
08091298 da Silva, Jonathas Magalhães (Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas); Tângari, Vera Regina
(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro)
Urban morphology, planning and design
08091217 Macedo, Joseli (University of Florida )

Will post-carbon cities be sustainable cities? A case study from Latin America

08141254 Hess, Paul (University of Toronto)

Hybrid suburbs: Towers and subdivisions in post-war Toronto
08141170 Stewart, Graeme (ERA Architects)andJason Thorne (planningAlliance)

Regional post-war planning, the modern tower block and the low-carbon city: The case of the greater
Toronto region
08141130 Kim, Youngchul (University of Michigan)

Morphological changes in urban housing redevelopment: How does urban housing redevelopment
affect urban contexts in Korea?
08141152 Minoura, Eva; Ståhle, Alexander and MetaBerghauser Pont(KTH RoyalInstituteofTechnology)
15
The territorial performance of urban form: relating utility to spatial configuration in Malmö

Chair: Sherry Olson (McGill University)
05011096 Eguchi, Kumi (University of Tokyo)

Study on the change and the conservation of the form of the Place des Vosges in Paris in the first half
of the twentieth century
05011326 Payette-Hamelin, Mathieu (Université de Montréal)

In favor of an urbanistic approach to heritage preservation: The case of Lachine canal in Montreal
05011150 Tchapi, Mireille (Tokyo University)

Urban morphology and urban heritage
05011315 Alburgawi, Saeed Ali H (University of Sydney)

Re-understanding Makkah’s urban morphology

Chair: Michael Conzen
06071188 Dufaux, Francois (Université Laval)

The spatial logic of French and British land concessions in Southern Quebec
06071319 Correia, Jorge (University of Minho)

Urban morphology identity: reading colonial legacies at Azemmour, Morocco
06071318 Krim, Arthur (Boston Architectural College)

Catalhoyuk as pre-industrial urban form

08021203 Mertenat Céline-Coralie and Daniel S.Pearl (Université de Montréal)

L’écologie urbaine ou comment intégrer la complexité urbaine, la morphologie urbaine et la qualité de
l’espace public dans un projet durable synthèse
08021149 Gurbuz, Catherine and Julie Neuwels (ULB Faculté d’architecture LaCambre-Horta)
Rue verticale et densité durable : fondements théoriques et implications
08021257 Firley, Eric (University of Miami)

La morphologie de la grande hauteur: rêve et illusion de densité
08021132 Juan, Anna (CMW-CNRS)

Entre démolition et vie quotidienne: journal d’une ethnographe

04051080 Zacharias, John and Yue Hu (Concordia University)

Loss and renewal in Guangzhou, China
16
04051122 Davis, Howard (University of Oregon) and Matthew Brown (FCB Studios)
Resilient urban morphologies and grassroots economic development: Preliminary results of fieldwork
in Guangzhou, China
04051035 Barke, Michael (Northumbria University)

Malaga Moderna: The role of planning and morphological change in changing the image of the city,
1880-1936
04051004 Mohammadzadeh, Mohsen (University of Auckland)

Urban morphology in the 21 century: An agglomeration of mega urban projects

Chair: Kai Gu (University of Auckland)
08151123 Mizuguchi, Saki (Massachusetts Institute of Technology); Almazan, Jorge (Keio University)
andDarko Radovic (Keio University)
Urban qualities of Tokyo's high-density low-rise residential areas: A case study
08151205 Teixeira, Maria Cristina Villefort; de Alvarenga Pereira Costa, Stael

and Paulo Henrique Alonso (Federal University of Minas Gerais)
The impact of new housing planning policy in Brazilian cities
08151279 Carroll, Michael (Southern Polytechnic State University)

Atelier BUILD: Interstitial interventions within Plateau Mont-Royal, Montreal
08151061 Tieben, Hendrik and Thomas Chung (Chinese University of Hong Kong)
Regenerating Macau-Zhuhai’s water space

05021049 Braga, Yara ; Moreira Neto, Pedro and Antonio Carlos Guimarães (Universidade do Vale do
Paraíba)
Urban heritage representations: Ruins in Aicântara, Brazil
05021337 Olson, Sherry (McGill University)

City by the straight-edge: Street-making as social heritage in nineteenth-century Montreal
05021026 Szanto, Catherine (École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture Paris-La Villette)

Urban form and rehabilitation: the old Jewish neighbourhood of Pest
05021097 Pinto Da Silva, Carla Valeria and Tânia Liani Beisl Ramos(Technical University of Lisbon)
Walking on heritage: between the forest and the slum neighborhood of Tijuca. history and
architecture in Brazil
Session 7.5| Sunday August 28, 10:30 – 12:00 | Room 3.445

06081335 Marzot, Nicola (TU Delft Polytechnic)

The relation between Public buildings and residential tissues. Recent developments of the Muratorian
School
06081057 Malhis, Shanta (University of Petra)

Mamluk Madaress: a delicate balancing spatial and institutional metaphor
06081259 El-Khouri, Lamia (Yarmouk University)

Transformation of urban landscape from Roman to Early Medieval periods in Jordan Decapolis
17
06081230 Zhang, Yu and Weijen Wang (The University of Hong Kong)

Study on morphology of urban blocks in Southeastern Coastal cities for the late imperial China
Lunch Break | 12:00 – 13:30
Sunday August 28 | PM

03011075 Jeanmonod, Thierry (l’École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture et de Paysage de Bordeaux)

La ville sans forme ou l’éparpillement urbain
03011206 Després, Carole and Geneviève Vachon(Université Laval)

Un siècle d’habitat de banlieue à Québec : Permanences et discontinuités dans la forme, les usages
et significations
03011133 De Smet, Fabian and Jacques Teller (Université de Liège)

Caractérisation morphologique des tissus périurbains en zone liégeoise
03011179 Messaoud, Meriem Belhaj (Université Laval)

L’impact de la métropolisation sur l’image de la ville: Une étude de cas à Québec et Lévis

Chair: Julie Villain (Concordia University)
04021116 Valladares, Arturo and Lisa Bornstein (McGill University)

The “Progressive Urbanization” Program of Managua, Nicaragua: Social capital in socially-mixed
environments
04021184 Legeby, Ann (Royal Institute of Technology KTH)

Limited permeability in the enclaved city?
04021333 Guenet, Michel (Université de Montréal) and Guadalupe Milian (Universidad Autónoma de Puebla)
Typology of gated communities: socio-spatial fragmentation and gradual disappearance of city
notion, the case of Puebla, Mexico
04021003 Lustoza, Regina (Universidade Federal de Viçosa)

The informality of the form: the analysis of the applied urban morphology in the slum of Mangueira

08161015 Reis, Antônio Tarcísio and Débora Becker (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul)
Urban morphology and urban transformation: The impact of gated condominiums
08161253 Neis, Hajo (University of Oregon)

Innovation City: A Competition for a Sustainable Urban District in the Ruhr-Metropolis
08161113 Casarin, Vanessa and Alina Gonçalves Santiago (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina)
User perception of the overload condition of commercial signs in urban settings: a Brazilian Case
Study
08161032 Ferreira, Silvia; Destefani, Wiliam and Renato Rego (Universidade Estadual de Maringá)
18
Territory and urban form in northern Parana State townscapes
08161171 Taylor, Nicolas (UNESCO)

Commercial architectural and urban planning practice in a global context: A case study of the ANNA
practice and social, spatial and ecological sustainability

Chair: Michael Barke (Northumbria University)
05031064 Ariga, Takashi (Waseda University)

Reassessing forms and citizens’ perceptions of urban heritage in the evolving Japanese Castle City
05031084 Dias Lay, Maria Cristina and Mirian Sartori Rodrigues

(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul)
Built heritage and visual quality of urban landscape
05031077 Giaimo, Joey (ERA Architects Inc.)

Preserving the suburbs: A values-based management approach
05031226 de Holanda, Frederico and Gabriela Tenorio (University of Brasília)

Brasilia: monumental and secular

Chair: Jeremy Whitehand
06031073 Alvarenga Pereira Costa, Stael; Villefort Teixeira, Maria Cristinaand

Marieta CardosoMaciel (Federal University of Minas Gerais)
A research on fringe belts in Belo Horizonte, Brazil
06031243 Kristjánsdóttir, Sigrídur (Agricultural University of Iceland)

The fringe belts of Reykjavík, Iceland
06031054 Pereira, Juliana Alves and Karin Schwabe Meneguetti (Universidade Estadual de Maringá)
Urban fringe belts in planned new towns: the case of Maringá – Brazil
06031290 Isidoro,Inês de Azevedo (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro)

Open spaces system in Rio de Janeiro, from global to local - contradictions of globalizing mega scale
projects and daily life and place in Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro

0706On Urban Form and Environmental Performance 6
(Note Session in English and French with English translation)
Chair: Geneviève Vachon (Université Laval)
07061007 Messaoud, Ons Ben and Marjorie Musy (École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Nantes)
Une contribution à l’étude de l’impact de la forme urbaine sur le microclimat urbain : variations de
l’albédo effectif
07061047 Teller, Jacques ; Dujardin, Sébastien ; Labeeuw, France-Laure and Jean-Marc Lambotte
(Université de Liège)
Morphologie urbaine et consommation énergétique du bâti résidentiel pour répondre aux objectifs de
réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre
19
07061053 Guedouh, Merouane Samir and Noureddine Zemmouri (Université de Biskra)

Effet de la morphologie urbaine sur l’environnement lumineux extérieur: Le cas des zones arides et
chaudes
07061014 Qu, Yongfeng; Milliez, Maya; Musson-Genon, Luc and Bertrand Carissimo (CEREA ENPC/
EDF R&D École des Ponts ParisTech)
Numerical simulation of the energy exchanges in a real urban area with a 3D building resolving code

08171301 Haynie, Dawn (Georgia Institute of Technology)

Variations in the syntactic structures of the public realm: a case study of the 1748 Giambattista Nolli
map of Rome
08171135 Barbeler, Angela and Mirko Guaralda (Queensland University of Technology)

Sections of the city: architecturalising the tools of urban morphology
08171317 Silva, Cidalia (University of Minho)

Time operations
08171250 Dias, Maria Angela (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro)

Structural morphological categories: Geometric attributes of the form of places

04041187 Dufaux, Francois (Université Laval)

Urban morphological theory between scale and order, the political nature of morphological analysis
04041255 Brigden, Thomas (Newcastle University)

A strategic view: The origins, uses and abuses of the “Protected Vista”
04041327 Morley, Ian (Chinese University of Hong Kong)

‘Civilisation’, ‘Progress’ and the changing landscape of the Philippines in the early-1900s

Chair: Michael Barke (Northumbria University)
05041229 Leblanc, Rémy (Victoria University of Wellington)

Contemporary urban form and urban heritage: The Brunei water village case
05041310 Veldpaus, Loes and Ana Rita Pereira (Eindhoven University of Technology)
Urban Heritage
05041241 Wang, Sin-Heng; Nishimura, Yukio; Chang, Pen-Yi and Chia-Ling Tien (University of Tokyo)
A study on the relationship between the sugar factories along sugar railway and urban sprawl of
southern Taiwan
05041095 Gonçalves Santiago, Alina (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina)

Tourism in urban space

0401Urban Form in the Digital Age
Chair : Carole Després (Université Laval)
04011238 Hallak, Essam (Concordia Universoty)

The morphology of urban space in the age of digital communication
20
04011024 Sarin, Gaurav (The Studio Orange)

The design and morphology of digital cities
04011010 Kambli, Namita (University of Auckland)

Changing nature of place in the 21st century: a story of Zaragoza
Monday August 29 | AM

Chair: François Dufaux (Université Laval)
08031029 Benyounes-Ferahta, Latifa (Laboratoire de recherche VUDD, EPAU)

Les principes fondateurs des formes urbaines face aux défis de l’étalement urbain
08031209 Brochu, Joanne (École supérieure d’aménagement du territoire et de développement régional

(ESAD) et L’Université Laval); Paradis, David (ESAD) and Philippe Plante (ESAD)
Essai d’une typologie de lieux d’arrimage: Fil rouge dans le déploiement d’une analyse
morphologique urbanistique
08031148 Leveiller, Thomas and Nathalie Long (Université de La Rochelle)

L’aire urbaine parisienne: Un tournant urbanistique?
08031200 Moreira Neto, Pedro Robeiro and Priscila Maria de Freitas (Universidade do Vale do Paraíba)
Urbanisation et changements climatiques: Le défi du nouveau développement au Brésil

Chair: Jeremy Whitehand
06061087 Yao, Sheng (University of Birmingham)

The evolution of urban form in China: an application of M. R. G. Conzen’s method in Guangzhou
06061081 Li, Ye (Concordia University)

The evolution of urban and architectural forms in the Guangfunan area of Guangzhou
06061092 Chen, Bo (South China University of Technology)

Research on morphological characteristics of residential units of Chaozhou city in Qing Dynasty
06061160 Deng, Xian Yeng (South China University of Technology)

The study on the relationship between the evolution of “eight sights of Guangzhou” and urban
morphology of Guangzhou city

08101293 Tângari, Vera Regina (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro); Queiroz Rego, Andrea
(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) ; Montezuma, Rita de Cássia M. (Pontifical Catholic University of
Rio de Janeiro); Dias, Maria Angela (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro); de Oliveira Figueiredo,
Noêmia (Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro); de Souza, Maria Julieta Nunes (Universidade Federal
do Rio de Janeiro) and Denise Alcântara Pereira (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro)
The Ring road in Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region: the ideal of development “versus” the potential
of urban sprawl
08101297 da Silva, Jonathas Magalhães Pereira and Natália Cristina Magalhães Trípoli(Pontifical Catholic
University of Campinas)
21
The shape of the City and its relation with public investments and urban and environmental
legislation
08101313 Garcia, Emilio; Vale, Brenda and Penny Allan (Victoria University of Wellington)
The role of urban morphology in the resilience of Ecocities
08101168 Carnevale Vianna, Paula Vilhena; Jucelia Oliveira (Universidade do Vale do Paraiba)
Health and urban form: time for rapprochement

04031264 Sarraf, Mohammad and Lars Marcus(KTH-Royal Institute of Technology)

Transcending multiculturalism in Urban Design
04031305 Schlee, Mônica Bahia (Rio de Janeiro City Government) and Vera ReginaTângari (Universidade
Landscape morphology in the slopes of five Brazilian cities
04031197 Guimarães, Antonio Carlos Machado and Ana Carolina Marini Figueira dos Santos (Universidade
do Vale do Paraíba)
Cultural Diversity and the Use of Historical Heritage as Leisure Places: the Case of Burle Marx Park in
São José dos Campos (Brazil)
04031246 Islam, A.K.M. Kausarul and John Zacharias (Concordia University)

Built form and public space use in Dhaka: Methodological developments

07111191 Eckert, Ronald (Brandenburg University of Technology)

Designing climate-compliant and compact urban structures for Ho Chi Minh City/Vietnam: A
contradiction in terms?
07111220 Bonhomme, Marion; Ait-‐Haddou, Hassan and Luc Adolphe (École Nationale Supérieure
d’Architecture de Toulouse)
Energy and urban morphology: A decision support tool for urban energy paradox
07111021 Clark, Thomas A. (University of Colorado Denver)

Metropolitan density and energy efficiency: multi-attribute tradeoffs and their policy implications

Chair: Valérie Mahaut (Université de Montréal)
08041065 Sallenave, Christian (l’École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture et de Paysage de Bordeaux)

Approches interdisciplinaires face aux défis environnementaux actuels
08041060 Torres, Juan (Université de Montréal)

Innovation et continuité dans l’aménagement d’espaces publics: L’apport des éco-quartiers dans des
villes nordiques
08041173 Weber, Philippe and Jean Ruegg (Université de Lausanne)

Densifier et régénérer la ville dans un régime de garantie de la propriété: Quelles stratégies de
mobilisation foncière?
22
08041215 Mahaut, Valérie (Université de Montréal)

Enjeux formels de la gestion contemporaine de l’eau de pluie en milieu urbain existant

Chair: Jochen Jaeger (Concordia University)
07091292 Townsend, Craig (Concordia University)

Comparative analysis of urban population densities and its implications for transportation: New tools
for an old debate
07091201 Sandalack, Beverly A. and Francisco Alaniz Uribe (University of Calgary)

Neighbourhood Design and Vehicle Travel: Recommendations for reduction of energy consumption
07091141 Iltanen Sanna and Annuska Rantanen (Tampere University of Technology)

Shopping centre morphologies: Location, accessibility, integration – A case study of shopping malls
in Helsinki and Tampere City regions
07091306 Mehreen, Rushdia ; Townsend, Craig; Jochen A.G. Jaeger, (Concordia University)
How do freeways transform inner-cities and why should we care?

08121186 Zhu, Qian (University of Waterloo)

Land use controls and urban form: the neighbourhood experience of Houston
08121070 Nasser, Noha (University of Greenwich)

Is UK planning a barrier to the post-carbon city? Lessons from Cairo
08121020 Cardeman, Rogerio Goldfeld and Vera Regina Tângari(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro)
The Influence of urban regulation in the Rio de Janeiro landscape: The case of the suburbs of
Ipanema and Copacabana
08121284 Rego, Andrea Queiroz (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro)

The urban legislation influence on the quality of open spaces in a residential area – a case study in
Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

03021272 Knight, Alan (Université de Montréal)

The future of the freeway/enclave formula: Towards a viable city of differences
03021208 Moretti, GianPiero (Université Laval)

The form of the void: Quebec City region and the consequences of the urban fragmentation
03021303 MacDougall, Kent and Pierre Gauthier (Concordia University)

The Urban landscape mosaic: Urban infrastructures and their impact on quality of urban form
03021161 Coelho, Carlos Dias (Technical University of Lisbon) and Thereza Carvalho (Uiversidade Federal
Fluminense)
The role of structuring elements in the articulation of urban fabrics

23
04061076 Perovic, Svetlana (University of Montenegro)

Morphological features of Niksic in the beginning of the 21st century: Repercussions of the industrial
period
04061134 Hein, Carola (Bryn Mawr College)

Petroleum landscapes and urban form
04061244 Psarra, Sophia (University College London) and Conrad Kickert (University of Michigan)
The role of spatial morphology in Detroit’s social and economic life from 1796 to the present
04061119 Ong, Jun Yi (University of Sydney)

Building the Garden City: The ‘Clean and Green’ movement in Singapore, 1965-2010
Monday August 29 | PM
00001358 Conzen, Michael (University of Chicago, President of ISUF)

Urban morphology, ISUF, and a view forward
Chair: Kai Gu (University of Auckland, Secretary-General of ISUF)
General Business Meeting of ISUF — everyone invited

• vote of thanks (Gauthier, Gilliland, Conzen)
• brief reports: ISUF Treasurer (Barke), Editor of Urban Morphology (Whitehand)
• elections to Council (Gu)
• invitation to next ISUF meeting: (Marzot)
24
ISUF 2011
PROGRAM | Abstracts
The similarity of German, English and Russian scientific approaches

to the history of the urban form investigation -Case of the fringe belts
studies of the Russian cities
Irina V. Kukina
Siberian Federal University Urban Design and
Planning 79 pr. Svobodnyi Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Abstract
The German origins and background of the Conzenian School of urban morphology are very well known (see,
Whitehand, 1981). European scientific world is not very much informed about Russian investigations in the field of
the applied landscape ecological tradition in the frame of the architectural cultural survey. The object of research in
the focus was the morphological heterogeneity investigation of the “town landscape” based on the preliminary
historical morphological inventory. This method borrowed terms, concepts from ecology, physical geography and
landscape disciplines. It combined into one system landscape approach of Troll (1971), Ernts Neef (1967, 1981) -to
make the spatial and visual entity of the landscape the central object of geographical study and “pure” architectural
viewing of the urban form, composition spatial accents, architectural dominants, etc.. Finally urban, architectural,
natural features of the urban landscape attended with physical geographical story of development into one study
allowed dividing town landscape into characteristic areas of the morpho-types. In Russian version the fringe belts
were not recognized as the very specific areas and named, but they were singled out from others types as the
territories “in-between” with the specific plan of future development. If to view from the position of the postindustrial
city the methods of the scientific “different viewpoints” could be very fruitful for the future plans of the fringe belts
development.

25
Literature review: Urban Form and Morphology: Theoretical

Framework, Application, and Case Studies
Adel Alzahrani, B.S.Arch, M.C.P. Wendy Jacobson, B.A., M.L.A.

School of Architecture & Design Research 121 College of Architecture & Urban Studies
Burruss Hall (0190) Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
zahrani@vt.edu Patrick Miller, Ph.D., FASLA, FCELA
+1 (617) 470-0383 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Abstract:
Urban morphology is, in essence, the study of the physical urban form that represents an evidence of settlement
that embodies social, cultural, economical, and political values through history. This Paper is intended to review
what we know about urban form and morphology. The main thrust of this paper is to summarize available literature
related to urban morphology theory, background, methods, and case studies to answer the main question of how the
urban morphological approach – as an analytical method
– can peel city’s evolution and spatial form transformation. The literature reviewed here can be divided into four
main themes.
The first theme seeks to give an overview of urban morphology – schools, history, and philosophical basis. The
second theme elucidates the theoretical framework of urban morphology. The third theme of the paper is more
focused on urban morphology case studies applying different theoretical framework to analyze cities form evolution
and transformation. These case studies tends to look primarily at whether this is just a physical and spatial change
or a truly morphological study that relates factors – such as social, cultural, economical, and political to the city
physical form as an outcome. The fourth theme of the paper is more narrowly focused on urban morphological
features in Arabic-Muslim cities. This theme attempts to assess the degree of the relationship between built form
and social patterns of Muslim cities, in general, and in Saudi Arabian cities particularly.
Keywords: urban morphology, typomorphology, physical form, history, social patterns, Arabic-Muslim cities

26
Historical space in Alnwick: an experiment in thinking across

disciplines
Sam Griffiths
The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies,
University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place,
London, WC1E 7HB
sam.griffiths@ucl.ac.uk
Abstract
Despite the contrasting intellectual origins and analytical methods of Conzenian urban morphology and space
syntax analysis, it has been observed with some regularity that several areas of potential congruence exist between
them. Not least amongst these is a shared belief in the contribution that analytical approaches can make to
understanding the evolution of settlement forms in their social contexts. There is also agreement that such analysis,
if it is to be meaningful, must initially take place at the ‘fine grain’ at which the built environment is experienced by
the human subject. However, it is still unclear whether Conzenian and space syntax approaches are substantively,
or merely superficially, complementary. One reason for this uncertainty lies in the nature of interdisciplinary
research. Premises and concepts that become accepted as self-evident in one disciplinary context often seem
confusing or contentious in another. This paper attempts to clear some conceptual ground between space syntax
and Conzenian analysis by revisiting two case studies that were formative in each of these domains: Hillier and
Hanson’s analysis of the French village of Gassin and Conzen’s study of Alnwick, with the intention of clarifying the
different research questions that underpinned these two important pieces of work. The paper then proceeds to
present a syntactic analysis of the historical development of Alnwick, drawing on historical and contemporary
cartographic sources, trade directories and a brief survey of current developments in the town. By considering what,
if anything, the configurational analysis is able to bring to the rich account provided by Conzen, the paper is able to
suggest how the relationship between these two morphological disciplines might be most usefully characterized,
both with an eye to collaboration and, more broadly, for better articulating the relation of morphology and ‘space’ to
society.
Keywords: Alnwick, Gassin, Conzen, Hillier and Hanson, town-plan analysis, space syntax,

27
The Study of Urban Form in Korea
Kwang-Joong Kim
Graduate School of Environmental Studies
Seoul National University
Graduate School of Environmental Studies
599 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
kjkim@snu.ac.kr
82 2 880 5095
Abstract
The paper adds South Korean case to a series of the nation-based review of urban form study published in
ISUF’s journal of urban morphology. Though superficially similar to neighboring China and Japan, Korea
possesses its own urban form and landscape resulting from the distinguishable building tradition and city-
making history. Urban form has been dealt in various disciplines in South Korea, notably urban planning,
architecture, landscape architecture, history and geography. The paper identifies and classifies the studies of
urban form, along with, if any, genealogy of urban morphologist. The electronic literature search comes up
with a rich array of books, articles, reports and theses germane to urban form, urban landscape, urban fabric
and urban tissues. They range from historical documentation to analytical investigation at the various
resolutions ranging from entire city to parcel. However, Korean urban form study suffers the lack of
morphological records such as cadastral maps, building plans, and other illustrative documentations. Explicitly,
some of urban form studies adopt Conzenian or Muratorian approach, yet most of them fail to provide an
account of morphological change over time. There are notable concentrations on the parcel process in some
historic cities, while the examination of building is usually missing due to the lack of the record. At the same
token, the studies of contemporary form are sporadic and not longitudinal. Thus, the sizable stock of urban
form study appears neither systematic nor coherent. This state of Korean urban morphology eloquently proves
the necessity of a shared research framework, substantively and methodologically.

28
How landscape constraints control the geometric evolution of

cities: examples from Khorramabad and Rasht, Iran
Nahid Mohajeria
University College London
Gower Street, Pearson
Building, London,
WC1E 6BT, UK
nahid.mohajeri.09@ucl.ac.uk
+44-7788775101
Abstract
The urban morphology of many cities is partly the result of various environmental and landscape processes
and constraints. Here I analyze the effects of landscape constraints on the geometric evolution and street
patterns of two medium-sized cities (population 150-550 thousand) in Iran: Khorramabad and Rasht. The
landscape constraints for Khorramabad are mountain fronts and for Rasht rivers. Street trends and lengths
were measured in six time periods (from 1955-2006) for Khorramabad, and three time periods (from 1926-
2006) for Rasht. Both cities have two main orthogonal street trends that are everywhere close to perpendicular
and parallel to the city boundaries. Thus, as the boundaries change orientation, so do the street trends. The
street-length distributions are power laws. However, when transformed to log-log plots, all the street-length
distributions show abrupt changes in their straight-line slopes (exponent dimensions) at lengths between 120
and 200 m. These results suggest that the shorter streets belong to a population that is different from that of
the longer streets. Using the equation for the entropy of a general probability (frequency) distribution, I show
that, for Rasht, the entropy of street population increases as the city growths (expands), whereas for
Khorramabad the entropy stays essentially constant as the city grows. I propose as follows: i) When the
internal configuration of the street pattern changes as the city grows, the entropy changes and normally
increase (example Rasht). ii) When the internal configuration of the street pattern does not change as the city
grows, the entropy remains constant (example Khorramabad).
Keywords: morphology, landscape, street patterns, city growth, size distribution, entropy.

29
Looking for the perfect fit: street network, blocks and building
footprints
Alice Vialard
Georgia Institute of Technology
College of Architecture
245 4th St. NW Atlanta GA.
30332-0155
avialard3@mail.gatech.edu
404 488 4457
Abstract
The fields of urban morphology and space syntax have placed urban form as a fundamental element to
measure and predict city efficiency in studies ranging from cognitive behavior to normative criticisms of
development patterns. Efficiency is defined here by the level of fit between street networks and blocks as well
as between blocks and building footprints. Both types of fit are essential for cities to grow and accommodate
changes. The aim of this paper is to define a range of block size and shape based on the comparison of two
existing cities, Atlanta and Savannah, in order to define a first level of block fit. The analytic portion of the
inquiry investigates the extent to which cities embed the seeds of their transformations. This portion focuses
on how grids affect blocks amalgamation and fragmentation. The second part builds profiles of Atlanta and
Savannah in terms of size and shape properties of blocks and building footprints. The efficiency of both cities
is tested by implementing the building footprints stock of one to the blocks stock of the other. The broader
purpose of the work is to assess the possibility of more compact urban forms that can accommodate the whole
range of building footprints that have arisen in a pattern of sparse urban growth.
Keywords: morphological analysis, block size, compactness, fragmentation

30
Analyzing the shape and place of big blocks
Dawn Haynie Martin Scoppa

Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology
College of Architecture Georgia College of Architecture
Institute of Technology, martin.scoppa@gatech.edu
245 4th St. NW , Atlanta GA. Alice Vialard
30332-0155 Georgia Institute of Technology
dhaynie_ddesign@earthlink.net College of Architecture
404 373 5365 avialard3@mail.gatech.edu
Abstract
Urban morphology studies are looking at shape and scale. To explore scale, we first have to establish the
definition of what is big. Several have sampled sub-areas within particular cities and measured their blocks but
few have compared these measures across cities as a whole or across continents to adequately establish an
appropriate range. In this paper, we compare the measures of several cities within Canada, Australia, and the
United States, and results show that cities within the United States have a much greater range of size. When
plotting blocks size by population, a second finding distinguishes three types of patterns within these cities: a
bifurcation, a concentrated cluster and an even distribution. As a result, we redefine the meaning of small,
medium and large, particularly as it relates to the block size. We consider then the placement of these blocks
within the overall city form and its rate of occurrence determining that they are not an anomaly but rather
common. Thus with the significance, consistency and frequency of the big block established across US cities,
the typology of such blocks can be discussed. Our research investigates the block in terms of its shape and
associated populations, its distance from center, and its relations within the syntactic structure. The results
from this work give a clearer understanding into the realities that exist within our US cities and can be used to
sharpen our methods to more effectively manage these conditions.
Key words:block size, urban scale, block typology

31
If the city is an interface of scales, how many scales are there?

An analysis of centrality in the modern city
Patrick Sewell
1338 McLendon Ave NE #18,
Atlanta, Georgia, 30307
sewellpatrick@gmail.com
011-423-330-2100
Abstract
When we travel from home to work, when we visit the grocery, when we go out for a pint of beer, we move
between places with vastly different levels of activity, privacy, and connection. This reflects a fundamental
aspect of the modern city: it contains an uneven surface of attraction, with some places highly active and
others very private. These “attraction inequalities” form a system of centers of different scales; some centers
exert global pull, while others are only significant at the smallest scale. In any given city, the structure of this
system of centers is fundamental to the experience and function of places within that city.
This paper empirically examines the distribution of centers of in the modern city. Using measures of built
space for different types of activity, we will map the distribution of activity in the city; then we will derive the
system of centers distributed throughout the city. This system of centers will be sorted into scales, from global
to local, so that the morphological properties of each scale may be analyzed using space syntax and other
tools. By studying the varying scales of centers in modern cities we will come to a better understanding of the
forces that generate urban centrality. We will then examine whether the distribution of centers in the modern
cities operates according to power laws, like many other urban processes. Finally we will compare the
emergent distribution of centers to distributions proposed by Doxiadis, Alexander, and Central Place Theory.
Keywords: centrality, urban structure, central place theory, fractals, scaling laws, space syntax

32
Measuring urban sprawl for implementation as an indicator in

the Swiss Monitoring System of Landscape Quality (LABES)
Jochen A.G. Jaeger

Department of Geography Concordia University Christian Schwick
1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Suite H1255, Die Geographen Schwick+Spichtig
Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8 Glasmalergasse 5, CH-8004 Zurich, Switzerland
jjaeger@alcor.concordia.ca schwick@hispeed.ch
(+1-514) 848 2424 ext. 5481 (+41) 43 243 8948
Abstract
Concern about urban sprawl (dispersed urban development) is growing among researchers and planners.
However, there is still no agreement on how to measure and assess urban sprawl. Reliable measures of urban
sprawl are needed that take into account the spatial configuration of built-up areas (not just total amount).
They should also include an assessment step that characterizes built-up areas by the degree to which they
exhibit “urban sprawl” to appropriately address the argument that densely populated city centres should not be
assessed as “ urban sprawl” even though they are highly urbanized areas. This presentation presents a new
approach for assessing the values of quantitative measures of urban sprawl with regard to the density of
inhabitants and jobs in built-up areas, by incorporating this assessment criterion into the degree of urban
permeation of the landscape (UP; Jaeger et al. 2010, Ecological Indicators 10(2): 427441). We have applied
the resulting measure of weighted urban proliferation (WUP) to Switzerland for the time period 1935-2002
(Schwick et al. 2010, Zersiedelung der Schweiz – unaufhaltsam? Quantitative Analyse 1935 bis 2002 und
Folgerungen für die Raumplanung. Haupt, Berne, 114 pp. + 4 maps). The results will be included in the Swiss
Monitoring System of Landscape Quality (LABES). The method can be modified according to differing scales
of analysis (horizon of perception), and it can also be generalized to other assessment criteria.
Key words: spatial configuration, Switzerland, time series, total sprawl, urban dispersion, urban permeation,
urban sprawl, weighted urban proliferation

33
Slope landscape morphology in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil:

methodology of analysis
Mônica Bahia Schlee Vera Regina Tângari

Urban and Regional Planning Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Pennsylvania State University Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Rua Santa Cristina 121, Santa Teresa, Rio de
Janeiro – Brasil, CEP: 20241-250
monbasch@gmail.com
55-21-22634686
55-21-92047249
Abstract
The article presents the methodology that has been applied to study the functional structure and the dynamics
of the landscape in the slopes of the Tijuca Massif, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In each area of study (2
x 2 km) we identified the processes and agents of landscape change, structural patterns and the relationships
among these, the biophysical and the urban support and the legislation. Spatial patterns in the analysis
comprise 20 categories (10 for the biophysical support and 10 for the urban support): basin; hypsometry/
location of the urban occupation; slope; form (vertical and horizontal curvature); base point; contribution and
dispersion areas; length; aspect; vegetation cover; occupancy rate; evolution of the occupation; land property;
parceling; implantation; land use; building density; height of built form; architectural and open spaces types
and legislation. In the three case studies there is a significant spatial segregation and a strong social
polarization. The famous forest and the rocky cliffs of the carioca mountains divide space with slums and high
and upper middle class condominiums. The applied methodology included field surveys, geospatial
technology (mapping and analysis in ARCGIS) and a synthesis matrix. This approach enabled to identify
contrasts, contradictions and interdependent relationships that guide the landscape change on the slopes and
form the basis of conflicts in the interface between the city of Rio de Janeiro and the its urban forest.
Keywords: landscape change; natural and cultural heritage; landscape legislation, landscape management

34
An enquiry into methods of measurement of employment

density, transportation and urban form
Tom McGurk
Montreal, Quebec
tmcgurk@alcor.concordia.ca
Abstract
This paper seeks to explore relationships between employment density, urban form, and commuter mode
choice.
The notion that cities in North America have been evolving from a monocentric to polycentric form is widely
accepted (Redfearn, 2007). As urban areas grow and change the construction of new models attempting to
enlighten processes and explain the changes and our adaptation to new forms are inevitable. There have
been various studies over the last twenty years related to the concept of “Smart Growth” as a means to
mediate some of the more detrimental effects of the shift towards polycentrism; in particular problems
associated with urban sprawl. Smart Growth principles have long touted concepts such as density, diversity,
design, distance, and accessibility (Ewing and Cervero 2010). While there has been a great deal of both
qualitative and quantitative work related to these principles questions still remain. As pointed out by Redfearn
(2007) there is a lack of consensus on how to best measure concentrations of employment in metropolitan
environments.
The manner in which urban/metropolitan employment densities are calculated matters. In particular working
with aggregated data can be problematic. For example, calculating employment density at the spatial
resolution of the building footprint as compared to the census tract will yield different results. The variations in
how employment density is expressed could skew statistical analysis of correlations between commuter mode
choice and employment density. In particular aggregated data is subject to Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
(MAUP) and ecological fallacy. Either of which can result in statistical inaccuracies.
This work will take the form of a comparative empirical analysis of the relationship between employment
density, urban form, and transportation mode choice in the Québec urban context. The work plans to draw
upon quinquennial Census Canada data reporting place of work data; Agence métropolitaine de transport
(AMT) origin destination data related to commuter mode choice, trip origin, and destination data; and
Canadian Business Patterns (CBP) as reported by statistics Canada. The work will use this data to model
employment densities at various scales. Statistical and spatial analysis comparing the scale of data
aggregation as well as the data sources will be run to see if correlations exist between employment density
and commuter behaviour.

35
Looking for Diversity: Operational definition of Diversity and the

tools to measure it
Sara Sardari Sayyar

PhD Student Lars Marcus
School of Architecture and Built Environment Associate Professor
KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Architecture and Built Environment
Östermalmsgatan 26 ‐100 44 STOCKHOLM KTH Royal Institute of Technology
sardarisayyar@arch.kth.se Östermalmsgatan 26 ‐100 44 STOCKHOLM
+ 46 (8) 790 60 21
Abstract
Diversity as an essential factor for livability, economic growth, and attractiveness in cities was stressed already
half a century ago by Jane Jacobs (1961, 1969). Its importance has only grown and today, diversity is stated as
fundamental for current creative societies and their need for knowledge spillovers, and referred to by
economists as “Jacobian externalities”. More specifically, in urban morphology and design, we can find various
trends that have tried to achieve such aims under the banner of for example mixed-use. The problem is, firstly,
that the definitions are not strict enough to categorize what we mean with diversity. Secondly, there are not
proper analytical tools to measure diversity so that we can compare various areas. For measurements there are
various challenges ahead. For instance, cities may seem diverse on one scale but widely homogeneous on
another. Consequently, application of analysis on various scales and precise categorizations are essential for
the development of new knowledge on urban diversity.
This paper addresses these needs, firstly, by a conceptual discussion on diversity in contradiction to
specialization and homogeneity in cities. Secondly, by setting up a framework for the measurement of diversity,
both as an economic phenomena and how it can be supported by urban form. The overall framework for this
project is a thorough discussion and testing of a redefinition of Jacobs’ four criteria (Jacobs, 1961) for spatial
diversity. Preliminary studies suggest strong correlation between all these criteria, in their developed and
analytically formalized definitions for ground floor activities in the inner city of Stockholm.
Keywords: diversity, measurement tools, urban form, scale, categorization

36
The relation between urban form, its density (aerial and

accessible) and the distribution of functions
Bardia Mashhoodi Meta Berghauser Pont

Chair of Urban Design Chair of Urban Design
TU Delft TU Delft
The Netherlands, Julianalaan 134, The Netherlands, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft,
2628 BL Delft, Room 00 West 800
Room 00 West 800 M.Y.BerghauserPont@tudelft.nl
B.Mashhoodi@tudelft.nl +31 6 20979945
Abstract
The most important distinction made in an urban design is between private and public space (Heeling et al
2002). Secondly these spaces are programmed with different functions and densities creating different
environments. Basic questions that have to be dealt with in a design concern the amount of programme (FSI),
its primary distribution (coverage (GSI) and building height (L)), the mixing or separation of functions and the
spread of the programme and its functions (in relation to accessibility). This paper will address and measure the
relation between these basic variables.
The programme and its primary distribution are measured using the Spacematrix method (Berghauser Pont and
Haupt 2010). In Spacematrix density is defined as multiD variable phenomenon and by doing so urban fabric
types can be distinguished from one another based on density. Earlier research shows that FSI relates clearly
to the mixing of functions (Hoek, van den 2011). Higher densities (FSI) seem thus a precondition for areas to
mix (Mixed areas are here defined as having a minimum of 10% Gross Floor Area for services, work space and
housing).
(Preliminary) results in Rotterdam, including besides FSI also GSI as a variable, demonstrates for instance that
mixed areas are more common when a higher FSI and GSI is at stake. Until now only aerial densities were
considered. In a second step accessible density as defined by Alexander Ståhle (2008) will be used for the
analysis to include contextual circumstances to the aerial densities used so far. The main question of this paper
is thus what the role of these two densities D aerial density and accessible density – is in relation to the mixing
of functions.
Keywords: aerial density, accessible density, functional mix, measuring urban form.

37
The influence of the built density on the existence of micro

businesses in Amsterdam
Birgit Hausleitner Meta Berghauser Pont

Chair of Urban Design Chair of Urban Design
TU Delft TU Delft
The Netherlands, The Netherlands,
Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, Room 01 Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, Room 00 West
West620 800M.Y.Berghauser
B.Hausleitner@tudelft.nl Pont@tudelft.nl
+31.624.813846 +31.6.20979945
+31.15.2789020
Abstract
A recent trend in urban redevelopment projects, especially in Western European cities, is to increase the
liveliness of the concerned neighbourhoods. Aims shift between attracting the creative class, economic
competitiveness, and arriving at a more resilient city (Florida 2005, Hall 1999). However, the question how to
arrive here in practice is not yet answered. What is known is that micro‐and small businesses contribute to this
liveliness (Jacobs 1961, 1969, Montgomery 1998). And recent research has shown that the successful
existence of a micro‐economy in a city is related to urban form (Hillier and Hanson 1984, Chiaradia et al 2009,
Komossa 2010, Hausleitner 2010).
Research into the perimeter block in Amsterdam (Hausleitner, ongoing research) showed that there is a clear
relation between the existence of micro‐businesses and the morphological properties built density and street
network density as defined in the Spacematrix method* (Berghauser Pont and Haupt 2004, 2010). Blocks
performed well in case both FSI and GSI were relatively high considering the Dutch context, but not too high
(FSI 2 ‐3, GSI 0.6 – 0.8) and the network density was higher than 210m/ha which corresponds to a network
grain of maximum 95 meter.
This paper questions whether such a relation between the amount of micro‐businesses, built density and street
network density can also be found in other street block types than the perimeter block. Preliminary results show
that the perimeter block is overrepresented as it comes to the performance objective of micro‐businesses. But
even if this is the case, other street block types might have an optimal built density and street network density.
*Built density is defined here as a multi‐variable phenomenon using FSI FloorSpaceIndex, GSI
GroundSpaceIndex, OSR OpenSpaceRatio, and L Amount of Levels as density measures.
Key words: micro‐businesses, built density, street network density, urban form

38
Analyse morphologique des rues commerciales de quartier à

Montréal: L’impact des déterminants spatiaux sur la distribution
spatiale de l’offre commerciale de proximité
Julie Villain Pierre Gauthier

Geography, Urban and Environmental Department of Geography, Planning and
Studies Environment, Concordia University
Concordia University 1455 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West,
villain.julie@gmail.com Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8
pierreg@alcor.concordia.ca
Résumé
Au cours des dernières années, de nombreux projets ont été mis en oeuvre en vue de réhabiliter les quartiers
urbains centraux tout en améliorant la qualité de vie de leurs résidents. Plus spécifiquement, la revitalisation
des artères commerciales est une composante majeure deces diverses stratégies de (re)développement
urbain.
A travers une analyse morphologique des rues commerciales de quartier présentes sur le territoire de
Montréal, la recherche présentée ici s’attache à comprendre, déterminer et mesurer l’impact de certaines
caractéristiques de la forme urbaine sur la distribution spatiale des activités commerciales dites de proximité à
différentes échelles d’analyse. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette recherche consiste à établir un lien entre la nature de
l’offre commerciale, l’existence de « personnalités commerciales » variées le long d’une même rue
commerciale et la présence des certaines conditions morphologiques.
En vue de contribuer à la vitalité des quartiers centraux et au succès des divers programmes de revitalisation
commerciale, il est aujourd’hui fondamental de comprendre comment ces artères commerciales fonctionnent
et s’insèrent dans le tissu urbain. Cette recherche permet dès lors une meilleure compréhension des
dynamiques locales sous-jacentes à la vitalité des artères commerciales en recentrant l’analyse sur les
déterminants spatiaux caractérisant ces environnements urbains. Cette démarche se distingue notamment de
la majorité des politiques et stratégies récemment développées qui concentrent leurs efforts sur des
considérations essentiellement économiques (nature, diversité de l’offre commerciale), physiques (rénovation
façades, amélioration de l’environnement piétonnier…), et sociales (pratiques de consommation).
Mots clés: Offre commerciale de proximité, rue commerciale de quartier, Montréal, connectivité, perméabilité,
concentration commerciale.

39
From extraction to city building: exploring the role of

Montréal’s local mining heritage and infrastructure
development in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Heather Braiden
Phd Student, School of Urban Planning McGill
University Ste400, McDonald Harrington Bldg
815 Sherbrooke St. Montreal H3A2K6
Heather.braiden@mail.mcgill.ca
(514) 578-9658
Abstract
The evolution of cities is interdependent on the supply of raw material for the construction and maintenance of its
urban infrastructure. Every year Canadian municipalities are forced to rebuild and replace their ageing assets,
however many quarries that were once located on the Island of Montréal have been overtaken by urban
development. As a consequence, the mining industry and local supply of raw material once used to build the city’s
foundation infrastructure have been pushed beyond urban limits, bringing to question: What are the historic
patterns of extraction and construction and how have they shaped Montréal’s urban and peri-urban landscapes?
With these timely issues in mind, this paper develops a historical portrait of the spatial relationship between points
of natural resource extraction and the physical constructs of urban infrastructure on the island of Montréal in the
19th and 20th centuries. It describes how industrial advances altered material requirements and how the evolution
of transportation technology expanded the flow of foreign material to Montréal. Here, the historic role of local
quarrying in the supply of raw material to Montréal’s urban infrastructure development is illuminated by bringing
spatial relationships to the forefront and is used to shed light on the social legacies of city building. Archival
research focusing on construction practices and local mining records are used in critical mapping to reveal the
scales of local resource use and physical alterations made to the landscape.
Key words: Montréal; mining and quarries; urban infrastructure

40
Modernisation, city and landscape: a comparative study of

Vladivostok, Russia and Otsu Japan.
Carlos Zeballos Mikhail Belushkin

Research Institute of Humanity and Nature Institute of Automatic and Information
Kyoto, Japan Technologies
czeballosv@gmail.com Maritime State University
+81 90 3677 7083 Primorye, Russia
Abstract
The process of Modernisation experienced in Japan and Russia at the end of the 19th century brought changes not
only in the urban fabric and historical grain, but also in the way how landscape was perceived and lived. As part of
the Neolithisation and Modernisation: Landscape History of East Asian Inland Seas Project (NEOMAP), which
involves Russia, China, Korea and Japan, this paper makes a comparison between the physical evolution of two
ports: Otsu, in central Japan, and Vladivostok, in Eastern Russia.
Using historical documents and maps as a source and Space Syntax and GIS techniques, the analysis focuses in
the impact of Modernisation in both cities, the changes or persistence of their urban fabric, the development of the
spatial relation of the city with its land and waterscapes and the
evolution of the cultural perception of their population, from the end of the 19th century to the mid 20th century.
Keywords: Landscape, modernisation, port, Vladivostok, Otsu.

41
Cotton, Munitions, and Goats: The Van Winkle Cotton Gin of

Atlanta, GA
Edwin E. Akins, II
Southern Polytechnic State University
Architecture
1100 South Marietta Parkway Building N /
Office N160 Marietta, Georgia 30060
eakins2@spsu.edu
404‐667‐9970
Abstract
Terminus, the city of Atlanta, has grown from its industrial and transit corridor origins to become the capital of
Georgia and a metropolis of sprawling proportions. The inner core of the city serves as a counterpoint to the
multiple case studies that portray Atlanta as an origin of edge city development and sprawl retrofit typologies.
Within the forgotten industrial infrastructure of this unique place, one finds a surprising quantity of structures that
remain from the early 1800's, retaining the history of the city and housing a variety of uses and inhabitants. The
Van Winkle Cotton Gin factory (Murray's Mill) of Atlanta is an eleven (11) acre site that has witnessed minimal
modification since its original construction in the early 1880's. Within a few miles of the city center, structures still
exist that present a pattern of land use and occupation unique to this city and informing a new cycle of admirers,
occupation, and use.
Key words: Land‐use, urban artifact, modification, repurpose, possible futures, use and land form.

42
Introduction of new technologies and the identity of place: Tokyo

and its transportation structures
Darko Radovic Pega Sanoamuang

Department of Systems Design Engineering Ph.D candidate, Department of Systems Design
Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Engineering Keio University
Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan pega@z8.keio.jp +81-80-4009-9789
Abstract
Tokyo is one of the most attractive cities in the World. Part of its attractiveness comes from juxtapositions of old
and traditional with new, often technology-driven development. Since its earliest days, an important part in
creation of such hybrid identities in Tokyo was created by local reactions to insertion of railway lines and roads
network. That has affected the geography and built structures alike, and significantly reframed the identities of
places at their various scales – from larger urban areas, via precincts into which the rail and road was
introduced, to the finest of loci and micro-cultures.
Cities are everchanging, and total preservation of urban areas goes against the essence of the urban, which is
in its very transformation and change. But, what happens in cases of radical and abrupt change, which does not
leave time for adaptation to, and accommodation of the new?
This paper focuses on dialectics between continuity and change in selected precincts immediately around, or in
the close vicinity of significant railway stations in Tokyo, which have been inserted into established local
communities through the lenses of place and the urban morphology theories. The findings expose local
specificities of accommodation to change, which range from total annihilation of the existing and emergence of
the totally new identity, to those hybrid identities, which add to the distinctive charm of the World City Tokyo.
The paper argues in favour of culturally sustainable urban development, which aims towards dialecticising (even
radical) change with local identities.
Keywords: conservation/preservation, cultural sustainability, identity, place, urban morphology, urban

transportation

43
Building forms in urban transformation: A study of architecture

in Suzhou
Fei Chen
School of Architecture
University of Liverpool
Leverhulme Building, Abercromby Square
Liverpool, United Kingdom, L69 7ZN
fei.chen@liverpool.ac.uk
+44(0)151 794 2620
Abstract
M.R.G Conzen, the founder of the British Morphological School, suggested that urban form could be understood
through three basic elements: town plan, land use pattern and building forms, in which town plan has been the
most focused element in literature. In the light of Conzen’s legacy, this paper concentrates on building forms,
the most dynamic element of urban form, to show how building types have been changing over time and how
they have affected plots, street patterns and the general urban form at larger scales. The paper shifts emphasis
to buildings forms also because they have profound impact on the visual images of a city and people’s
perception of the built environment.
This study takes a small region of the Chinese historical city Suzhou as an example and traces its buildings built
in different periods over some 2500 years. Buildings are not only analysed in terms of block-plans, but also in
three dimensions—their spatial arrangement, structures, materials and ornamentation, especially their
relationship with surroundings. Furthermore, the ways that designers or residents respond to social, economic
and cultural changes in construction of those buildings can also be revealed. The author believes that it is
sensible to understand the transformation of a particular urban form through its most changeable element at the
smallest scale. The study is beneficial for architectural and urban design practice to appropriately react on
existing urban form.
Keywords: building forms, Suzhou, urban morphology

44
Persistence of architectural elements in urban morphology
Paul Sanders
School of Design Queensland University of
Technology
2 George Street
Brisbane Australia 4001
ps.sanders@qut.edu.au
+61 7 31381138
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to establish a basis for recording the persistence of architectural elements within
urban forms, and demonstrate its importance in establishing a morphological understanding of character identity
as well as a premise for consonance in future forms.
Cullen’s picturesque approach to townscape revealed three understandings; the concern of optics, place and
content. The later category examined the fabric of towns through a range of attributes including colour, texture,
scale, style and character.
MRG Conzen on the other hand drew attention to the physical fabric viewed as townscape through, a) its
practical utility and the efficiency with which we function spatially; b) its intellectual value, proving a visual
experience relating to the historical orientation of a place; and c) the aesthetic value, through the stimulus of
dominant features.
The typo-morphological interpretation of Muratori and Cannigia offers a particular architectural way of thinking
about townscape through the investigation of permanence of architectural types within the urban tissue.
This paper will build on these fundamental theoretical foundations regarding the physical structure of urban
forms; and posits a discussion that emphasises the importance of an analytical method for identifying
architectural elements within building types; validating the principal architectural characteristics that have
persisted through various urban transformations as the elements that contribute to continuity in urban form.
Detailed mapping conducted in Brisbane, will provide the basis of evidencing predominant architectural
characteristics; the building types, spaces and uses within the building fabric; that demonstrate how the
townscape is affected through changes to the architectural configuration.
Key words: Urban Morphology, architectural elements, persistence.

45
Abandonment and renewal: the evolving urban form of Flint,

Michigan
Richard Sadler Dr. Godwin Arku

PhD Candidate, Department of Geography Department of Geography
University of Western Ontario University of Western Ontario
1151 Richmond Street 1151 Richmond Street
London, ON N6A 5C2 London, ON N6A 5C2
rsadler4@uwo.ca garku@uwo.ca
(519) 661-3423
Dr. Jason Gilliland

Department of Geography
University of Western Ontario
1151 Richmond Street
London, ON N6A 5C2
jgillila@uwo.ca
Abstract
Deindustrialization has profoundly impacted the urban form of North American Rust Belt cities. Aside from large
swaths of industrial land now lying idle in these cities, many quickly-constructed residential neighbourhoods that
accommodated the growing industrial working class now sit in various states of abandonment. In extreme cases,
entire neighbourhoods have been demolished, allowing for wholesale redevelopment or a restoration to a more
natural state (as with shrinking cities initiatives). Redevelopment often breaks from traditional urban form,
however, creating fragmented street networks and unusual relationships between existing and new
developments.
This study examines six neighborhoods in Flint, Michigan, the birthplace of General Motors, and a typical city
suffering from deindustrialization. Racial conflict and laissez-faire planning policies have exacerbated the
abandonment of the core. Neighborhoods were chosen based on unique circumstances that shaped their urban
form. All are near downtown and were developed around the same time, but each has experienced
abandonment differently. The street networks have been changed due to many forces, ranging from suburban-
style enclosure to freeway-oriented ‘slum clearance’. Three lie in newly designated Renaissance Redevelopment
Zones, but vary in their degree of implementation.
Using historical fire insurance plans and contemporary parcel-level data, the research examines how the urban
form of these neighborhoods changed over time and what may account for these different trajectories.
Preliminary results suggest that modification of the street network can be beneficial for improving the vitality of
these neighborhoods. The most vibrant neighborhoods will be used as examples for policy recommendations to
improve other neighborhoods.

46
Continuity, Change and Identity of the Place – a case study of the

Yanesen area in Tokyo
Milica Muminović
PhD Candidate, Graduate School of Science and
Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522,
Japan
arh.muminovic@hotmail.rs
+81 80 4141 7320
Abstract
The processes of globalization, notable at all levels of contemporary world, and tied to processes of
homogenization, especially in architecture and urban design, are affecting the definition of place and its identity.
The tendency of creating local identity (in relation to global world) is connected to its reviving of the past or
internalized history. In Walter Benjamin’s words, those are the processes that stretch from a catastrophic aspect
that looks back at the ruins of the past and a utopian aspect that indicates the possibility of redemption in the
present.
This paper stresses the processes of creation of identity of the place based on its past and urban morphology, at
the example of concrete location in Tokyo-Yanaka, Nezu and Sendagi (YaNeSen). This area has, in the words of
Paul Waley, managed to avoid excessive attention from the tyrants of trend and fashion, and have struck a happy
balance between craving for the future and basking in the past. Yanesen has very strong character of past, even
connected with Edo, hence the area hasn’t been defined as cultural heritage and there is no expertise plan for
development of its identity, the process was spontaneous. So, what is so special about Yanesen? What in
Yanaka, Nezu and Sendagi treasures that famed connectedness with the past, an identity without obvious, literal,
physical identification? How is Yanesen simultaneously erasing and evoking its image of old town?
Key words: heritage, change, persistence, identity, place

47
Rediscovering a forgotten city: the case study of Laranjeiras
Adriana Dantas Nogueira Eder Donizeti da Silva

Department of Architecture and Urbanism Department of Architecture and Urbanism
Federal University of Sergipe Federal University of Sergipe
Av. Silvio Teixeira, 1235. eder@infonet.com.br
Apto 1102-B Jardins- Aracaju- Sergipe
49025-100 Brazil
adnogueira@gmail.com
+55 79 99896668
Abstract
The term “forgotten city” was mentioned by researchers to denominate some colonial Brazilian settlements and
cities which seem to have the same characteristics that demonstrate they were hidden along the years and that
have the same atmosphere as they used to in their past life, i.e., they have the same traditional type of urban
configuration produced at the origin of the city. This paper brings into discussion this character of this city, using
as an example the city of Laranjeiras, one of the oldest cities of the State of Sergipe, which had a great and rich
trade of sugar, besides significant cultural and political activities, being known as Brazilian Athens in the 19
century. Then, Laranjeiras decayed and stopped growing along the 20 century. However, it has had a good
perspective to develop again with insertion of new different activities recently. The initial Portuguese planning to
villages in Brazil followed specific rules and had a systematic assistance, what discards the myth that many
Brazilian cities were born and grown up as a spontaneous form without planning. Studying some factors deeply,
as spatial configuration, settlement localization and urban grid, it can be possible to point some recognizable
elements which demonstrate that some cities were built to be forgotten. The methodology used for the analysis of
Laranjeiras presents many historic, economic and cultural aspects related to the spatial-syntactic studies (Space
Syntax Theory), bringing to light some interesting thoughts about urban form and social life.
Keywords: Urban form, Space syntax, Brazil, Urban configuration.

48
A historic city in a metropolitan area: permanence and

transformation in Sabará, Brazil
Leonardo Barci Castriota Jaqueline Duarte Santos

Escola de Arquitetura Escola de Arquitetura
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Rua Paraíba, 697 / 201 – Funcionários – Belo jaquelineduarte.arquitetura@gmail.com
Horizonte – 30130140 – Minas Gerais - Brazil
leonardo.castriota@pq.cnpq.br;
55.31.3409.8820
Abstract
Listed by the National Heritage Agency in the decade of 1930, Sabará is a historic city linked to the cycle of gold
in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Having its origin in a miner´s camp, founded in the late seventeenth century, Sabará
became a parish in 1707, and a village in 1711 under the name of Vila Real de Nossa Senhora da Conceição do
Sabará. Thus, in 2011, Sahara will complete 300 years, being the oldest city of the state, along with Ouro Preto
and Mariana. Despite the exhaustion of the gold cycle, the city's economy did not suffer stagnation, due to the
arrival of the railroad, the intensification of agriculture and development of the service sector. In 1921, begins the
industrial exploitation of iron, which gives new boost to the city's economy and has a substantial impact on its
urban form. Another aspect that will be reflected in the city´s form will be the building of the new capital of Minas
Gerais, Belo Horizonte, in its vicinities, in the late nineteenth century. This paper will examine the continuities and
transformations in the built form of the city, from a rich village in the colonial times to its post-industrial present.
Key words: morphology, urban form, change, heritage, conservation.

49
La ville sans forme ou l’éparpillement urbain
Thierry Jeanmonod
Architecte, urbaniste, diplômé de Sciences politiques
Enseignant-chercheur àl’École Nationale Supérieure
d’Architecture et de Paysage de Bordeaux
740 Cours de la Libération BP 70109
33405 Talence Cedex France
thierry.jeanmonod@bordeaux.archi.fr
thierry.jeanmonod15@orange.fr
33(0)5 57 35 11 61
Résumé
Depuis plusieurs décennies dans les pays développés, le développement conjoint des modes de déplacements
en véhicules individuels, les facilités accrues pour accéder à un crédit et les difficultés rencontrés dans les villes
pour trouver un logement correspondant au mode de vie attendu des populations ont conduit une part de plus
en plus importante des habitants à s’éloigner des centres urbains pour « vivre à la campagne ».
La recherche dont est issue cette communication a porté sur l’étude de villes et villages du Sud-Ouest et du
Sud-Est de la France. Elle met en évidence la tendance au fort développement démographique relatif des
villages de très grandes périphéries des villes. Mais la population qui vient vivre au village est une population
urbaine qui transfère avec elle sa culture, ses modes de vie et de consommation. Le territoire se divise ainsi en
deux ensembles ; l’un sous l’influence des grandes villes s’étend sur plusieurs dizaines de kilomètres autour
d’elles, l’autre devient un désert humain et agricole.
L’idée d’une ville compacte serait-il une chimère, tandis que la population organise une ville sans forme,
discontinue et où la notion de séparation ville/campagne serait abolie ? Dans ce dilemme entre compacité
souhaitée et éparpillement vécu, des initiatives permettent de donner une identité à des extensions de bourgs,
répondant ainsi à la fois à une densité localisée et à une proximité avec la nature.
Le grand territoire devient alors une constellation urbaine et doit être pensé comme la nouvelle forme de ville.

50
Caractérisation morphologique des tissus périurbains en zone

liégeoise
Fabian De Smet Jacques Teller

Université de Liège, Université de Liège
1 Chemin des Chevreuils, B52 4000
Liège 1. Belgique
Jacques.Teller@ulg.ac.be +32(4) 366 94 99
Abstract
Diverses études ont mis en évidence la relation entre taux de mitoyenneté du parc bâti et performances
énergétiques. En Wallonie, cette variable morphologique apparaît à certains égards comme déterminante en
matière de consommation énergétique, en tout cas bien plus que les politiques de primes à l’isolation ou à la
rénovation urbaine mises en œuvre depuis le premier choc pétrolier (début des années 1980). Bien
qu’ancienne, l’implantation en ordre dispersé s’y est de fait très largement généralisée, ce qui a conduit à une
forte croissance des espaces périurbains.
La confrontation de nombreux tissus ruraux anciens et de nouvelles formes d’urbanisation pose la question
d’une caractérisation morphologique des espaces périurbains, qui aille au delà de paramètres classiques
comme le taux de mitoyenneté ou les densités. Une telle caractérisation nous apparaît comme une étape
essentielle en vue de l’élaboration de scénarios différenciés selon différents types de formes périurbaines. Notre
recherche nous a permis de distinguer 7 types de formes périurbaines à partir d’un découpage du territoire en
fenêtres d’observation de 4 ha (200 m * 200 m). Sur base de variables géométriques bidimensionnelles, nous
avons appliqué cette typologie à l’ensemble de l’espace périurbain liégeois. Des scénarios prospectifs ont
ensuite été simulés sur base de deux modes d’urbanisation, l’habitation isolée et la semi-mitoyenne.
L’objectif de ces simulations est de contribuer à une réflexion stratégique sur la requalification et la mutation du
bâti périurbain pour répondre aux défis de réduction des gaz à effet de serre. Elles mettent clairement en
évidence qu’une gestion des flux de nouvelles constructions, sans substitution du bâti existant, ne permettrait
pas à une échéance de 20 ou 30 ans une modification significative des caractéristiques de la forme périurbaine.
Key words: morphologie, espace périurbain, prospective, énergie

51
The impact of metropolization on the image of the city: a case

study in Quebec and Lévis
Meriem Belhaj Messaoud

École d’architecture Université Laval
meriem.belhaj-messaoud.1@ulaval.ca
(418) 264 5319
Abstract
Urban sprawl, dispersion and fragmentation are transforming cities on both sides of the Atlantic (Ascher 2008,
Secchi 2006, Castells 2001). Metropolitan areas are expanding, with urban functions moving away from the city
center. What is the impact of these phenomena on the image of the city? This communication presents a case
study conducted in Quebec City and Lévis, two 17th century cities facing each other on opposite shores of the
St-Lawrence river. Their respective territory was enlarged in 2002 as they were forced by the provincial
government to merge with several formerly independent suburban towns and villages. In what ways has this
political transformation influenced social representations? What images and meanings are most associated with
them? Are images drawn from history persisting in the representations? To answer these questions, this project
conducted 18 semi-structured interviews asking respondents to sort images of the past, present and hypothetical
future scenarios for various portions of the region. The findings reveal a general confusion about the new
administrative limits of both cities. In terms of preferred images, the ones representing nature, cultural or sports
activities, and Old Quebec were most often chosen. Negative representations, however, were associated with
everyday life and territorial mobility, referring to transportation and commercial activities. Comparing
respondents’ choices, stage in lifecycle, household structure, as well as residential location and biography were
all found to influence territorial representations. This communication will conclude with a discussion of how these
subjective territorial representations could inform future projects and developments.
Keywords: urban sprawl, urban amalgamation, socio-spatial representations, sorting tasks, Quebec

52
Un siècle d’habitat de banlieue à Québec : Permanences et

discontinuités dans la forme, les usages et significations
Carole Després Geneviève Vachon

Groupe interdisciplinaire de recherche Groupe interdisciplinaire de recherche
sur les banlieues sur les banlieues
Université Laval Université Laval
www.girba.crad.ulaval.ca www.girba.crad.ulaval.ca
(418) 656-2131 poste 3707 (418) 656-2131 poste 3707
Résumé
Édifiée en 1608, la Ville de Québec compte un peu plus de 100 000 habitants en 1911. Trente ans plus tard, sa
e
population a pratiquement doublé, la première moitié du 20 s. correspondant à l’édification des banlieues-
e
tramways dominées par un type d’habitat collectif. Sa 2 période intense de croissance correspond à l’expansion
des banlieues unifamiliales qui a suivi l’après guerre; en 1971, la ville compte déjà plus de 400 000 habitants.
Ces dernières décades, Québec a vu l’étalement débridé de ses fonctions résidentielles et urbaines malgré
l’augmentation modérée de sa population qui a atteint le demi-million d’habitants 400 ans après sa fondation.
Cette communication aborde l’évolution de l’habitat de banlieue à Québec entre 1910 et 2010 dans ses
dimensions physiques, sociales et humaines. Son contenu se nourrit à trois projets de recherche menés entre
1992 et 2007 à l’École d’architecture de l’Université Laval ciblant chacun une période de développement soit : 1)
l’implantation de la maison à logements superposés dite « triplex » dans une trame de rues orthogonales; 2)
l’expansion des banlieues avec des maisons unifamiliales non attenantes et des petits édifices à logements dits
walk-up dans des réseaux de rues peu perméables et selon le principe du zoning fonctionnel; et 3) la période de
rurbanisation à partir de modèles d’habitations unifamiliales plus variés dans des tissus urbains ruraux,
villageois ou de villégiature. La conclusion discute des caractères permanents mais aussi des mutations
observées dans le passage d’une phase d’expansion territoriale à l’autre.

53
The role of structuring elements in the articulation of

urban fabrics
Carlos Dias Coelho Thereza Carvalho (Santos),

Faculty of Architecture Technical University of PhD. (Urban Design) Department of Urbanism,
Lisbon Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism
Rua de São José, n.º 170, 4º Esq. 1150-322 Uiversidade Federal Fluminense
Lisboa Portugal thereza.urbandesign@gmail.com
dcoelho@fa.utl.pt (+55) 21 86979675
(+351) 91 942 27 61
Abstract
Many cities are composed of a mosaic of urban fabrics morphologically homogeneous, sometimes very different
from one another, which will add to each other and are articulated by structuring urban elements. These
examples show a great diversity of urban situations that, despite the great formal simplicity of each of the parts
that add up, take as whole aspects of great formal complexity as a result of how they are grouped.
By taking Lisbon as example, we find that the city is a paradigmatic case of formation of its consolidated urban
fabric from the successive addition of homogeneous parts, of very different formal characteristics, resulting from
different formation processes and vicissitudes of a slow evolution. The particularities of each homogeneous
urban fabric are not reflected in a dislocation of the whole, which is organized precisely from the binding
elements that take a structuring role of the parts.
These structuring elements, composed by a series of street axis and squares that are related in a network,
concentrate much of the most intense urban life in the city, many of its most identitary spaces and where most
major buildings and functions of a collective nature are located, fact that that can be used as a model to operate
in more recent expansion areas with encysted urban fabrics and without fluidal relations with the neighbouring
areas.

54
The form of the void-Quebec City region and the consequences

of the urban fragmentation
GianPiero Moretti
Côte de la Fabrique Québec, Qc,
Canada G1K 7P4
gianpiero.moretti@arc.ulaval.ca
Abstract
In recent years, the research conducted by GIRBa (Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur les Banlieues)
on urban forms of the Greater Quebec City scattered territories (Vachon and Moretti 2006) have stressed their
composition in fragments. Neighbourhoods, commercial areas, infrastructures are often characterized by self-
design, which derives mainly from the specialized programs of urban "introverted". The design of these areas,
carried out by different actors individually guided by strong internal logics (municipal services, departments,
property developers, power companies, etc.) ensures that there is no dialogue between the various fragments
(Devilliers 1994).
A "weak" and "porous" territory gradually encroaches on agricultural land and natural sites, increasingly
questioning the sustainability of these urban forms (Sieverts, 2004). In this composition mode, the gaps are
becoming more and more important. This "tiers paysage" according to the words of Clement (2004), consists of
this set of interstitial sites created by the arrangement of functional areas. It is an "area of freedom," bearer of
biodiversity in urban functionalist composition. Understanding the relationship between empty spaces and
urbanized land becomes a fundamental issue for the future of the post-carbon metropolitan areas.
This conference aims to underline the effects of these new urban forms that characterize the Quebec City
region. Through a reading of the regional and urban forms, the conference will shed light on these phenomena
that contribute to spread out the complex contemporary territories.
Keywords: Case studies of urban form in North America, automobile suburbs.

55
The future of the freeway/enclave formula
Alan Knight
Université de Montréal
3820 De Bullion, Montréal H2W 2E1
alan.j.knight@umontreal.ca
514 848 0710 514 343 7696
Abstract
According to the Italian architect Bernardo Secchi, all metropolitan areas will have the same four challenges to
face up to in this 21st century, namely:
The reduction of social inequalities Reactions to climate change Environmental problems (water, ecology and
energy) Mobility of metropolitan populations
We could add that if the modernist city was conceived of as being a continuous space, and ended up as a
fragmented space, the contemporary city is now understood as being mainly a fragmented space spread over a
vast territory in search of a common approach to the environment. Confronted with the rising cost of the
construction and maintenance of infrastructure and transportation, these four challenges come into sharper
focus as the locus of urban architectural projects. Neighbourhoods have been conceived of in many differing
ways, there are modernist and postmodern enclaves… all are inhabited by individualised communities. Whether
these be divided on ethnic, political or socioeconomic lines, the enclaved communities that make up the
contemporary city, both in the suburb and in downtown areas are all conceived as «destinations» reached by a
system of freeways.
This conference will look the effects of such a universal formulation of territorial development and urban form. A
strategy for the gradual transformation of this urbanisation pattern is proposed transforming it into a new urban
tissue of ecologically conceived and socially responsible environments.
Keywords: Urban morphological theory, infrastructure, urban mega-projects, mobility, brownfield redevelopment,
automobile suburbs.

56
The urban landscape mosaic: urban infrastructures and their

impact on quality of urban form
Kent MacDougall Pierre Gauthier

Department of Geography, Planning and Department of Geography, Planning and
Environment Environment
Concordia University Concordia University
1455 de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, Québec 1455 de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, Québec
H3G 1M8, Canada H3G 1M8, Canada
macdougall.kent@gmail.com pierreg@alcor.concordia.ca
Abstract
This paper discusses the adaptation of landscape fragmentation analytical methods to the study of urban form. It
posits that together, the natural and human-made barriers create a network that delineates the inhabitable
spaces that accommodate residential and other associated urban functions, thus creating an "urban landscape
mosaic" composed of threads and meshes. A taxonomy of urban barriers is proposed that distinguishes first
order quasi-impermeable barriers (rivers, escarpments, railroads, highways, etc.) and second order boundaries
such as thoroughfares and large parks. A case study in Montréal illustrates how first order barriers and second
order boundaries together form a morphological matrix that orders the space. It sheds light on how urban
landscape fragmentation analyses could reveal the existence of recognizable patterns and dimensional
thresholds and allow for the empirical exploration of spatial relationships between the barriers and boundaries
matrix and some of the characters of the form at the scales of the urban organism and of the urban tissue.
Keywords: urban form, barriers, fragmentation, urban landscape mosaic.

57
Changing nature of place in the 21th century: a story of

Zaragoza
Namita Kambli
University of Auckland, New Zealand
Email: n.kambli@auckland.ac.nz
Phone: +64-9-3737599 ext 81374
Abstract
It is widely noted that urban public place is a physical space in which people gather to exchange goods, ideas, and
information and this function of place has remained relatively stable over time. Every medium of communication
influences how we perceive and create places but digital media may yet have the strongest potential to alter the nature
of place due to the ubiquity and responsiveness of digital technology. This paper therefore investigates how the growing
incorporation of digital media within physical spaces affects the form and experience of 21st century places. The paper
draws upon the example of Digital Mile, an urban regeneration project in Zaragoza, to analyse the extent to which digital
technology shapes the new type of places termed as digital places. The theory of recombinant urban design is used as a
lens to understand the type of design aesthetic that digital technologies facilitate; how digital places accommodate new
communication and activity patterns; if and how technology can connect to the values and culture of a place; and to
gauge the level of inclusion that exists within the digital places. The paper concludes that in the case of a traditional city
like Zaragoza, rather than a distinct impact on form, digital media reinforce the existing physical fabric and contribute to a
more interactive experience of urban places.
Keywords: Urban place, digital technology, urban regeneration.

58
The Design & Morphology of Digital Cities
Gaurav Sarin
Director The Studio Orange 12, Goodwin
Close, London. SE16 3TR. UK
gsarin@yahoo.com g.sarin@thestudioorange.
com +44 [0]7906 09 8080
Abstract
In traditional society, if we asked a man to name his best friends and then ask each of these in turn to name their best
friends they will all name each other so that they form a closed group. But today's social structure is utterly different. If we
ask a man to name his friends and then ask them in turn to name their friends, they will all [also] name different people,
some very likely unknown to the first person; these people would again name others, and so on outwards. There are
virtually no closed groups of people in modern society.
This idea also finds resonance in Christopher Alexander’s writing, A City is Not a Tree. The forms that cities take, the
ways they function, and the mixes and distributions of activities within them have always been influenced very strongly
by the capabilities of their underlying network infrastructures. Cities have often been transformed by the introduction of
new infrastructures. The digital world is already causing traditional building types and neighbourhood patterns to
fragment. What are the spatial impacts of the digital infrastructure? The digital city must transcend regional and national
boundaries and create the crucial link between human minds – it demands a kind of autonomy and non-linear thinking.
This paper will analyse the issues surrounding the digital world and discuss possible design responses with particular
attention to social equity and long-term sustainability. The questions considered will include planned [top-down] vs. grown
[bottom-up] communities, tree-structure for digital cities and its impact; would the ‘arcology’ be a good model for a digital
city?
Keywords: digital city, organic development, arcology, semi-lattice structures, sustainability

59
The Morphology of Urban Space in the Age of Digital

Communication
Essam Hallak
Department of Geography, Planning and Environment
Abstract
The city is a prosthetic entity defined along the human evolution trajectory by its material and social functions as an
instrument for living, mediating the human contingency in time through permanence and in space through
embodiment. The notion of the city as an extension of an inseparable spatial and social self is being challenged in
st
the 21 century by the shift in human communication from the embodied space into the abstract realm of digital
technology. Indeed, such a transformation occurs in accordance with a persistent evolutionary tendency favoring
the mind over the body and marking an increasing distance from the embodied self of our primate ancestors.
However, digital communication defines the end of this evolutionary process, arriving at a stark mental reduction
and spatial abstraction. The transformation of the very nature of space within this communication regime is a
precursor to a significant shift in urban morphology, infrastructure and functions, which spatially mediate human
actions. Instantaneity, simultaneity and disembodiment of the digital realm alter the modes of production,
consumption and interaction within our information economy and necessitate the re-conceptualization of the
physical, social, and political dimensions of the city. With embodied space increasingly becoming less relevant to
our digital lifestyle, the social, material, and ecological systems of the city are changing. Unpacking the effect of
electronic communication and digital spatiality on the morphology of the city will be the focus of this conference
paper.
Keywords: space, communication, ecology, urban systems, urban infrastructure.

60
The informality of the form: the analysis of the applied urban

morphology in the slum of Mangueira
Regina Esteves Lustoza

Departamento de Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
relustoza@gmail.com rlustoza@ufv.br
3138991970
Abstract
In Brazil the criteria traditionally used by social sciences to stabilished the informal city (“favela”) of the formal city
had finished crediting to the idea of an opposition between these two social and space universes The present
article deals with some factors, that had led to an inquiry regarding the urban formal configuration almost always
random, found in the slum of the City of Rio de Janeiro. Taking in consideration elements of the urban form, one
searched to detect factors, that had generated this configuration. The slum of Mangueira, located in the north
zone of the City, was adopted as an experience of application of this method of analysis. The factors that
configure the slum include since natural characteristics of besiege it passing for the uses and specific cultural
values of each occupation, until the institucional interventions of urbanization. The form of the slum was studied,
as it affirms SANTOS (1986), as resulted in a way of organization of the foreseen function and action throughout
the time. Elements of the form of the slum had been observed that could portray and simultaneously to disclose
to its evolution and the present configuration, the research looked for to supply to subsidies and theoretical
basements to development projects in slum.
Keywords: urban morphology; form; Mangueira’s slums

61
The “Progressive Urbanization” program of Managua,

Nicaragua: social capital in socially-mixed environments
Arturo Valladares Lisa Bornstein

School of Urban Planning School of Urban Planning
McGill University McGill University
arturo.valladares@mail.mcgill.ca lisa.bornstein@mcgill.ca
+(514) 4344100 +(514)3984075
Abstract
The government of Managua, Nicaragua enacted a policy called “Progressive Urbanization” during the 1980s.
This policy consisted in relocating people living in the periphery towards Managua’s inner districts. The idea was
to facilitate poor households’ access to basic urban services, such as water, electricity, drainage and sewage.
Managua’s policy was also an effort to promote social mobility through geographic relocation, presuming that the
socio-economic prospects of lower-income residents would improve with proximity to wealthier households and
access to services. Our paper traces changes to the urban form and day-to-day interactions among residents in a
progressive urbanization in Las Palmas, one of the richer neighborhoods where poor residents where allowed to
settle. We evaluate changes to the built environment, access to urban services and quality of life of the low-
income households 25 years after implementation of the relocation policy. Key findings are that the “progressive
urbanization” program disrupted the urban morphology that prevailed in the richer neighborhoods of Managua,
with mixed social outcomes: improved service provision, greater interactions between poor households, and
limited contact – or possibilities for building social capital – between different income groups.
Keywords: social mix, urban form, housing, social capital, Managua

62
Limited permeability in the enclaved city?
Ann Legeby
School of Architecture KTH
Östermalmsgatan 26, S-100 44 Stockholm,
Sweden
ann.legeby@arch.kth.se
+46 (0)705 15 50 72
Abstract
Social segregation in Sweden’s metropolitan areas is considered a major societal problem. Several national
initiatives have been launched to ameliorate residential segregation but so far they have been only marginally
effective. This paper argues that the Swedish debate onurban segregation lacks a nuanced discussion about the
impact of the built environment.
To what extent are people favoured or disfavoured by urban form? To what extent are people in segregated
areas prevented access to Swedish society through their everyday life experiences? To capture the role of the
built environment this paper suggests a shift in focus from a discussion framed in terms of residential segregation
to considering the segregating effect urban layouts can have on peoples’ chances to share urban space and
share everyday practices.
The empirical study has an experience-oriented spatial approach. Configurational analysis (using space syntax
and place syntax) in combination with population analysis (census-based) and analysis of the potential for a mix
of people (residents and non-residents) in public space allow social segregation to be studied in relation to spatial
segregation. Results indicate that segregation of urban space, including restricted access to a range of resources
– such as job opportunities and contact with other people – is a tangible feature of segregated neighbourhoods.
These are insights that can inform the development of improved urban design policies and interventions.
Keywords: urban segregation, spatial segregation, accessibility analysis

63
Typology of gated communities: socio-spatial fragmentation and

gradual disappearance of city notion, the case of Puebla, Mexico
Michel Guenet Guadalupe Milian

Ph.D., Professor Ph.D., Professor Universidad
University of Montreal Faculty of Autonoma de Puebla Faculty of
Environmental Design Urban Architecture Puebla, Mexico.
Institute, Montreal, Canada. (222) 2444768
(514) 343-2373. mmilian@hotmail.com
michel.guenet @ umontreal.ca
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the "gated communities" have gained importance in several cities around the world.
Our work in urban form: "socio-spatial fragmentation and urban chaos, gated communities in the city of Puebla"
(2006, 2009, 2010) shows that the presence of closed residential forms causes problems, especially in the city of
Puebla and in its periphery areas. In these environments, the lack of urban regulations and occupation of
agricultural land, without any concern for the natural environment, increases social segregation. A Census
applied to over a thousand units closed neighborhood (located in the city of Puebla), has led us to categorize
these neighborhood units and propose a typology based on urban and social impacts caused by these urban
forms. We will show that the morphological fragmentation imposed by the closed communities has multiple
impacts that affect the entire population. The results of this research bring out to new multidimensional research
having an important role in urban planning.

64
Cultural diversity and the use of historical heritage as leisure

places: the case of Burle Marx Park in São Marx Park in São
Jose Dos Campos (Brazil)
Antonio Carlos Machado Guimarães Ana Carolina Marini Figueira dos

Universidade do Vale do Paraíba Santos
Rua Nelson Cesar de Oliveira, 101 – Jardim das Universidade do Vale do Paraíba
Indústrias Rua Marco Polo 107 / ap. 23 – Jardim Oriental
São José dos Campos, SP - BRAZIL São José dos Campos, SP - BRAZIL
CEP: 12240-380 CEP: 12236-220
ac.guimaraens@gmail.com mariniturismo@gmail.com
55-12-30196270 55-12-39398113
Abstract
In the year of 1996, a property of an traditional family was incorporated by Municipal Government and
converted in a public park in São José dos Campos (State of São Paulo, Brazil). Formerly, it was a complex,
comprising a farm, the installations of the first textile factory of the city, also including the homes of the owners
and of the employees; so that this area achived an remarkable relevance for the historical heritage of the city.
In recent years, some of the old buildings were transformed in installations for art classes or even for
burocratic services of municipality. Another area, was destinated for a public park. It occupies 516.000 m2 and
comprises the gardens projected by Roberto Burle Marx, and the home of the old owners, designed by Rino
Levi; both included among the most important names of the modern brazilian arquitecture in XXth Century.
How people use this historical heritage in their leisure time? What is more atractive for a heterogeneous set of
users there? These were our departure questions. In this work, we use the material collected in local
observations, interviews and the results of a survey aplied to the park users to identify the existence of several
parks within the same park. In our analysis of the collected material we search the relations of the form with
sociological and anthropological variables, leading the perception and the use of that public space.
Keywords: public space; historical heritage; cultural diversity; inequality

65
Built form and public space use in Dhaka–methodological

developments
A.K.M.Kausarul Islam
Department of Geography, Planning and John Zacharias
Environment Concordia University Montreal, Department of Geography, Planning and
Quebec, H3G 1M8 Canada Environment Concordia University
riaz_ku@yahoo.com Montreal,Quebec, H3G 1M8 Canada
Abstract
There is a need to understand the relationship between the built form and public space use in growing cities
like Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Respects to culturally relevant practice (behavior and perceptions) and
sensitivity to the built forms of the city are the essential requirements for developing the public spaces.
Analysis of spatial behavior requires proper method for observing and recording behavior in space. There are
several approaches for detecting and recording spatial behavior but most of them are descriptive and weak in
the graphic and spatial recording method. A description provides only the researcher’s interpretations but has
less scope for further investigation. On the other hand, recording and graphical presentation of behavior in
addition to description allows detailed understanding of the physical situation and the relationships between
individuals and space. The targets of this paper is firstly to present the context for the research, the historic
quarters of Dhaka, and the requirements of this kind of research setting. Secondly, a method is proposed
which overcomes the weakness of previous methods in recording and presenting behavior data. The second
target has three major steps; i. Analysis of existing theories of observation and recording behavior ii.
Development of an appropriate method incorporating the potentials of other methods iii. Setup of a framework
to apply the method in the Dhaka context. The paper concludes with observations on how such observational
data can be used to situate public space projects in relation to the built fabric of the city that is consistent with
current informal practice. The management and promotion of public space can also be effectively carried out
using the field data and analysis as a foundation for planning.
Keywords: behavior, public space, methodology

66
Transcending Multiculturalism in Urban Design. A

morphological analysis of transcultural urbanism; samples from
Sweden and Canada
Mohammad Sarraf Lars Marcus

School of Architecture & the Built Environment School of Architecture
KTH – Royal Institute of Technology KTH-Royal Institute of Technology
Drottning Kristinas Väg 30 lmarcus@kth.se
Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
msarraf@kth.se
+46 - 76 583 0 539
08-790 9259
Abstract
With the rising shares of the immigrant populations with different cultures, concerns regarding their socio-
spatial integration to the host societies are increasing. Given the interwoven relation between the space and
the culture, this research investigates how spatial morphology can help analyze the cultural differences among
the ethnic groups, so to minimize the spatial-cultural conflicts. It is analyzed how the physical interventions, for
instance through an urban design or planning response, can have profound impacts on the public perception
of the cultural diversity.
The concept of transculturalism rather than multiculturalism, as intermingling of the different peoples and
cultures into one cosmopolitan city, is the bedrock of this research. Notwithstanding its emergence in
sociology, transculturalism has yet to enter into the fields of architecture and urban studies. On the other hand,
the way the concept of multiculturalism is conceived and practiced through urban design interventions may
require a fundamental reconsideration.
Mixed-method strategy, as well as a comparative study of representative case studies in a number of the large
cities of Sweden and Canada, structures the research body. The crux of the research is to illustrate how place
has the power to either support cultural diversity or trigger ethnic segregation.
Key words: spatial morphology, transculturalism, cultural Diversity, ethnic segregation, urban form, urban
design and planning, Canada, Sweden

67
Landscape morphology in the slopes of five Brazilian cities
Mônica Bahia Schlee

PhD in Architecture
Urban planner and landscape architect
Rio de Janeiro City Govenrment
PROARQ/FAU/UFRJ 2011
Rua Santa Cristina 121, Santa Teresa,
Rio de Janeiro – Brasil, CEP: 20241-250
monbasch@gmail.com
Abstract
This article discusses the processes of occupation of the slopes in the urban landscape structure of five
Brazilian cities − Rio de Janeiro, Florianópolis, Vitória, Belo Horizonte and São Paulo, in order to clarify
relationships and conflicts between geomorphologic aspects and the urban patterns that were set through
time.
The analysis correlates the main morphological characteristics of these urban areas, indicates the diversity in
terms of biomes, regional and local geomorphology in which these cities were settled; identifies vectors, uses,
prevailing social strata and the spatial conditions of the urban sprawl over the slopes. Although they are very
heterogeneous − in terms of scale, natural and cultural attributes and historical processes that have guided the
transformation of their landscape − it is possible to distinguish similarities and specificities, which may help to
understand the processes of transformation of Brazilian urban landscape at large.

68
Urban morphological theory between scale and order, the

political nature of morphological analysis
François Dufaux
École d’architecture
Université Laval
Édifice du Vieux-Séminaire de Québec
Côte de la Fabrique, bureau 3231
Francois.dufaux@arc.ulaval.ca
Abstract
Architecture is an art of power if one only considers the resources required to make it stand. From land and
urban patterns, to buildings’ type, dwellings’ layouts, and down to construction details, all theses design
choices are defined by several normative regulations directly implemented by the modern state politics.
Nevertheless, the political nature of design, regardless of its scale, is usually reduced to a statement of political
ideology; how dictatorships love columns and the democratic states open layouts.
Morphological analysis provides a framework, sensitive to scale and design choices. It allows to discern
between composition, configuration and tectonic, and their relationship to legal and economic conditions,
Based on the observations by Hanson about the reconstruction of London after 1666, the presentation
explores the political dimension imbedded in design choices. Hanson argued in this article that the spatial logic
of the urban configuration required maintaining the streets’ pattern while the rebuilt houses’ adopted a new
composition in their architectural order imposed. Similar mediations between composition, configuration and
tectonic were measured in the doctoral research on Montreal Housing in the early 19th century.
These empirical findings suggest that politics is part of the design process. It translates the social order in
space, negotiating between statements and consensus. It fixes physical and legal boundaries intended to
sustain the political agenda. The theoretical proposal challenges the conventional interpretation between art
and power. It also suggests that the emphasis on the design process should shift from a rhetorical expression
toward solutions negotiating converging and conflicting interests in the spatial realm and the social network.
Key words: morphological analysis, scale, composition, configuration, tectonic, legal and economic conditions;
politics, design theory

69
A strategic view: The origins, uses and abuses of the

“Protected Vista”
Thomas Brigden
Newcastle University Walden
Cottage, Sempstead Lane, Ewhurst
Green, Robertsbridge, East Sussex,
UK, TN32 5TP
t.brigden@newcastle.ac.uk
07891922640
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to trace the origins and history of the panoptic dimensions of the “protected vista” in
architectural and landscape theory, and to analyse the ideological implications of this concept in contemporary
planning and conservation policies.
Much about London’s skyline is determined by these “protected vistas” – lines of sight from Primrose Hill,
Hampstead Heath and other famous prospects. The City of London now recognises 26 protected vistas and 52
designated viewing points. London’s sightlines determine the profile and location of many of the city’s towers,
exerting power over the economic value of real estate and the sites of commerce. In this way, the vista exerts
a form of control; the form of the city regulated by the hegemonic gaze of its suburbs.
London’s protected vistas might then be described as both controlled, by the aesthetic tastes of a suburban
‘picturesque’, and controlling, over the built fabric of the city. The simultaneously controlled and controlling
manipulation of views is evident in gardens of the English Picturesque Movement such as Prior Park
overlooking Bath (1742) which, in association with the owner’s role as mayor, may demonstrate a ‘panoptic’
power over the form and aesthetics of the developing city.
The paper concludes with an explication of the contemporary ideology of the protected view – in relation to
architectural and urban history, to conservation ethics and to the politics of the society which promotes it.
Key words: picturesque, panoptics, Vista, View, Landscape Architecture, Skyline, Urban Form

70
‘Civilisation’, ‘Progress’ and the Changing Landscape of the

Philippines in the early-1900s
Ian Morley
Department of History,
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin
NT, Hong Kong SAR
ianmorley@arts.cuhk.edu.hk
Tel.: +852-2609-7116
Abstract
This paper explores matters involved in the creation of city plans in the Philippines during the early-1900s. It
considers how city plans for Baguio, Cebu, Manila and Zamboanga strengthened an embryonic sense of
national character as defined by US imperial administrators, and how recourse to urban designing of a
character different to that practiced by the Spanish in the Philippines helped to convey this identity. The paper
shall therefore scrutinise the redevelopment of settlements and the management of the environment in the
Philippines via the implementation of ‘modern’ urban forms that spoke of America’s yearning to disassociate
the colony from its past as an ‘uncivilised’ place, a land habited by ‘savages’ and full of disease, in so doing
explicating how fresh a culture and identity was forged so that new hopes, pride and ‘progress’ could be
epitomised.
Aligning political transition after the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898 with the carrying out of imperial
visions of nationhood in environmental form, the paper thereby seeks to determine the alliance between urban
morphology, governance, the Philippine landscape and identity production so that a new grasp of how cultural,
political, artistic and environmental forces affected each other during the early1900s, a time when urban
planning became professionalized, may be put forward.
Key words: Philippines, civic design, imperialism, city beautiful, Daniel Burnham, William Parsons.

71
Urban Morphology in the 21 century; an agglomeration

of mega urban projects
Mohsen Mohammadzadeh
PhD candidate,
School of Architecture and Planning
University of Auckland
Office 545, Level 5, Building 421, mail box 1142,
Symond Street, City campus, the University of
Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
mmoh165@aucklanduni.ac.nz
+64 9 3737599 ext 81685
Abstract
Cities are increasingly transformed by global trends such as international investment flows in the Post-
Fordism era. As consequences of globalisation, gigantic urban projects and architectural iconic buildings are
progressively mushroomed everywhere which play crucial roles in reshaping cities’ morphology. This
research is an investigation about gigantic urban projects in Dubai in order to reveal how these projects,
which are shaped by external forces, affect urban morphologies.
Dubai, as a new global marketing and tourism hub, has been shaped by international flows and, instead of
other oil-based states in UAE; its economic growth is embedded on real-estate marketing and attracting
tourists. Thus, urban developers and their mega projects are stimulating economic growth. Also, Dubai is
generally recognized by its exclusive mega urban projects, such as the Palms projects, Burj Al-Arab and Burj
Al-Khalifa the tallest building in the world, which largely create a utopian image of Dubai. This research is an
attempt to reveal the role of the mega urban projects in changing urban morphologies by analyzing Dubai’s
transformation as a global city in south Persian Gulf.
Key words: Dubai; economic growth; globalisation; urban projects; urban morphology

72
Málaga Moderna: the role of planning and morphological

change in changing the image of the city, 1880-1936
Michael Barke
Division of Geography Northumbria University
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK NE1 8ST
michael.barke@northumbria.ac.uk
0191 227 3744
Abstract
In the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth, various attempts were made to
‘modernise’ the city of Málaga (southern Spain) in structural and built environment terms. These efforts
originated from different groups at different times and with varying degrees of success but they had, as their
principal motive, a shared desire to advance the image of the city against a background of significant
economic decline from mid-nineteenth century prosperity. With this objective in mind, there was a shared
perspective that the visual appearance of the city and its morphological structure had to be modernised.
However, in detail, the specific schemes proposed reflected the diverse ideologies and objectives of their chief
protagonists although the generic term ‘Málaga Moderna’ came to be applied to a wide range of different
proposals. This paper will examine the development of these key actor groups, the relationships between
them and their varying impact on the city’s urban form.

73
Loss and renewal in Guangzhou, China
John Zacharias Yue Hu

Department of Geography, Planning and Department of Geography, Planning and
Environment Concordia University Environment Concordia University
Montreal,Quebec, H3G 1M8 Montreal,Quebec, H3G 1M8
Canada Canada
Abstract
The city of Guangzhou is in the developing world where rapid change and standardization are eroding the
historic essence, social capital, and humane vision of the urban environment. However, historic Guangzhou is
not just about marble and concrete. Traditional Guangzhou is a rich environment full of character, actions, and
movements–a school of life. The soul of Guangzhou is intertwined with images of rivers, tree-shaded public
spaces, and organic urban fabric, where human-scale environment combine with elegant natural landscape
through self-organization.
This paper attempts to analyze the characteristic urban form of the city of Guangzhou in how it supports and
nurtures a vital human environment. An objective examination of Guangzhou’s neighbourhood structure,
streets, civic spaces and events guide our understanding of what is stimulating this diverse, vibrant human
activity. The Guangzhou communities examined in this study range from the marginalized to the privileged,
from ancient communities to the contemporary. Material reality and locality, together with collective desire for
self-determination have informed the process of transformation of urban space. These transformations by
locals reflect an effort to recapture and reclaim the eroding cultural landscape. Local initiative confronts
government efforts to remake Guangzhou as a global city, a principal industrial node and the cultural capital of
South China.
The voice of the people should not be neglected in city-building, but so far, this is largely the case in
Guangzhou. What is needed is a reconciliation of the aims and desires of locals on one hand with government
decision-making and stereotypical, international development on the other. Recapturing the soul of
Guangzhou requires the representation of lifestyle, historic patterns, daily choices and events in planning.

74
Resilient urban morphologies and grassroots economic

development: Preliminary results of fieldwork in Guangzhou,
China
Howard Davis Matthew Brown

Department of Architecture FCB Studios
University of Oregon London, UK
Eugene, OR 97403
hdavis@uoregon.edu
541 346 3665
Abstract
Investigations of two areas of Guangzhou are yielding insights into the relationships between urban form,
building typology and the ability of the city to accommodate grassroots economic development resiliently.
The two areas are 1) a district centered around Yide Road, near the old city center, characterized by a mixture
of residential, mixed-use and commercial buildings most of which now house warehouse and wholesale
functions; and 2) Geshan Village, south of the old center, an agricultural village now surrounded by urban
development, containing a mix of household plots with either pre-Liberation era houses that have been
transformed or recently built multi-story houses, work-unit apartment houses, and newer podium-towers. In
both places there has been considerable architectural and/or functional transformation of buildings to
accommodate a new and changing market economy.
The work, now being analyzed with GIS techniques, involved a detailed mapping of building type, size, use,
additions, and specific attributes of entrance and stair location, for about 1600 buildings. We also conducted
about 110 interviews with business owners, residents and employees at different stages of their own economic
trajectories.
We will report findings that are concerned with the relationships between building types, street types,
individual economic trajectories and networks of business connections. These investigations are revealing
attributes of functional relationships within buildings and neighborhoods, grain of buildings and streets, and
flexibility and resilience which we conjecture are important to small-scale, self-generated economic activity.
These attributes can form the basis of policy, design standards, guidelines and patterns, as well as building
prototypes.
Keywords: Guangzhou, China, resilient urban form, grassroots economic activity, building typology

75
Morphological features of Niksic in the Beginning of the

21th Century – Repercussions of the Industrial Period
Svetlana Perovic
Faculty of Architecture
Dzordza Vasingtona
ceca.perovic1@gmail.com +382 69
385 190
Abstract
Niksic is the highest industrial center in Montenegro. Intensive development of industry in the second half
th
of the 20 century had negative impact on the quality of urban space. Physical structure of the town in the
th th
end of the 19 and the first half of the 20 century had been developed according to a planned definition of
a concept strategy that had human needs as priority. However, rapid development of technological features
and systems have caused intensive and monotonous, serially organized shape of life and town with an
unbalanced identity and limited values. The industry has conditioned mono functionality and monotony as
main attributes of the space. Research on space, context, integrity, humanity and continuity were
neglected. Dynamic economical development has given precedence to quantity over quality. Production
has subordinated other social activities. Half century period of industrial dominance in Niksic has
diminished morphological values of the town both from the aspect of form and organization.
st
In the beginning of the 21 century weakened industry and insufficiently developed business have hindered
urban development of Niksic and the repercussions of industrial period have become more prominent.
They are manifested through: monotony, visual discordance, insufficient integrity of constituents within the
whole, poor level of residential quality, low quality of the environment. The only aspect that has been
partially developed is the quality of transport infrastructure that defines the town’s morphology to great
extent now.
st
Key words: Niksic, morphology, industry, 21 century

76
Building the Garden City: The ‘Clean and Green’ movement in

Singapore, 1965-2010
Jun Yi Ong
Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning, The
University of Sydney, Sydney
New South Wales 2006, Australia
jong2680@uni.sydney.edu.au
Abstract
This paper evaluates the effects of the ‘Clean and Green’ Movement in Singapore. The building of the
‘Clean and Green’ Garden City played a vital role in Nation Building since its Independence from 1965 up
to 2010. The ‘Clean and Green’ image is projected through neatly planted greenery along roads, well-
manicured parks and nature reserves. Its uniformity depicts the strident power and strong political will of
the government in enforcing rules and regulations. The policies have been documented separately in
various government reports and in some literature, many of which are geared towards promoting the ‘Clean
and Green’ Movement and show the government’s own emphases. Little effort has been made to
historicize the Singapore Garden City idea through investigation of its effects. This paper fills the gap in
literature by presenting an intellectual discussion of the effects of the ‘Clean and Green’ Movement.
The research inquires the extent of success of the Singapore Garden City. The study involves
consolidating existing data and interpreting the effects associated with the ‘Clean and Green’ Movement. In
order to provide a critique of the Singapore Garden City, the evaluation of views, responses and proposals
from the media and existing literature, are used to reveal the challenges of the Movement. The social,
economic and environmental effects of the Movement on Singapore over the years depict its close
relationship with Nation Building. Criticisms and counter-arguments on Singapore as a ‘Clean and Green’
Garden City will be raised through the discussion of the integrity of the Garden City that is whether it is truly
sustainable. The process of the ‘Clean and Green’ movement might have a drawback in that it cleans out
the ‘ghosts’ in the city, removing the rich heritage and original sense of place. The Garden City Singapore
has to a certain extent removed the chaos of the undeveloped city of the past and created a developed
urban environment deprived of variation. The paper proposes that the processes of the Movement have
developed homogeneity in the urban landscape that creates a new form of national identity. The research
concludes that through the strong objective of the government in enforcing and maintaining the ‘clean and
green’ image of the city, a sterilized façade has been created, where the flaws and contradictions of the
movement become concealed.

77
Petroleum Landscapes and Urban Form
Carola Hein
Growth and Structure of Cities Department Bryn
Mawr College 101 N. Merion Bryn Mawr, PA
19010-2899 chein@brynmawr.edu
1-610-6681230
Abstract
Since the mid-19th century, the oil industry has established economic networks around the world. As it has
moved petroleum and its products from the site of extraction to the refineries and resale spots, it has
created new infrastructures (shipping lanes, railroads, roads, pipelines), as well as refineries, storage
places, or resale stations. The construction of these utilitarian structures went hand in hand with the design
of new administrative headquarters, housing districts, leisure structures, monuments, as well as the funding
of philanthropic institutions. Oil interests and investments have thus shaped built and urban form around
the world interacting in multiple ways with national and local actors, histories, practices, and conditions. As
a result of this interaction we see the emergence, of “petroleumscapes” within and beyond individual cities.
While historic examination of petroleum structures such as headquarters or gas stations exists, these have
not been taken as a reference for comparative investigation. Given that oil and its products are often
transported by ship I will use Brian Hoyle’s classification of “port-city interface” (Hoyle, 1989) to distinguish
several zones (the port, the waterfront and the city as a whole) and compare the location, form, and
infrastructural connection of oil refineries, headquarters and gas stations in selected major cities around the
world (including New York/New Jersey, Hamburg, and Tokyo), studying how a common demand will create
similar but not identical urban forms in response to local needs, and how global demands and
developments shape and reshape diverse urban patterns around the world.
Key words: Petroleum, architecture, urban form, networks

78
The Role of Spatial Morphology in Detroit’s Social and

Economic Life from 1796 to the Present
Dr. Sophia Psarra Conrad Kickert

Bartlett School of Graduate Studies - Taubman College of Architecture + Urban
Faculty of the Built Environment Planning
University College London (UCL) University of Michigan
Gower Street 2000 Bonisteel Boulevard
London,UK, WC1E 6BT Ann Arbor
+44 (0) 207 679 5924 Michigan 48109-2069
s.psarra@ucl.ac.uk +734 709 4477
Kickert@umich.edu

Abstract
Detroit, once a “symbol of industrial dynamist”, moved in the post-war era to “a byword for economic
decline and urban decay” (AIA 2008). Today, the vacant plots and thinning population in the city have
contributed to its characterization as “urban prairie” capturing a dramatic transition of some American cities
from economic urban centers to urban deserts, devastated by disinvestment, unemployment and racial
segregation. In this paper we use Space Syntax to analyze the urban network of Detroit and explore how
the morphology of the city relates to the economic and socio-cultural forces that took place over two major
periods of study: from 1796 to 1952, and from 1952 to the present. The first stage captures Detroit’s
growth to a manufacturing city and a center of industrial power. The second period corresponds to the
gradual decay of Detroit in terms of population decline, erosion of the car industry, and class and race
segregation.
This study argues that the physical patterns acted conjointly with social and economic activity to produce
different outcomes in the two periods of study. More specifically, the spatial network that once helped to
build the interconnected city of industrial manufacture, was gradually expanded and altered facilitating the
emergence of the segregated city, based on a different model of spatial accessibility and economic
production. The significance of this observation is in showing that the urban fabric possesses social,
economic and environmental potential more than what is usually credited for by policy makers, urban
designers and planners.
Keywords: Detroit, spatial network, social network, industry, suburbs , urban centres, urban decline.

79
Study on the change and the conservation of the form of

the Place des Vosges in Paris in the first half of the
twentieth century
Kumi Eguchi
Department of Urban Engineering
University of Tokyo
Department of Territory, Society,
Development, French National School of
High Study in Social Science (EHESS) 2-
10-2, Sekimachi-minami, Nerima-ku,
Tokyo, Japan kumieguchi@hotmail.com
+81-3-3929-2615 +81-90-2435-5105
Abstract
This paper aims to clarify the change and the conservation of the form of the Place des Vosges in Paris in
the first half of the twentieth century.
The Place des Vosges was constructed in 1605 by the letters patent of Henry IV and was determined its
size as 140.4 meters for each side of the square and the symmetry and the harmony of the facades of
surrounding sides by the servitude. However, the symmetry and the harmony of the facades were
completely destructed in the debut of the twentieth century, because each owner of the surrounding
houses had modified their houses as they wished by ignoring the servitude.
The Commission of the Old Paris (CVP), a consultative commission of the City of Paris for the urban
conservation established in 1897, found the disastrous situation of the square in 1902 and started the
conservation. Firstly, it researched the letters patent and found that the morphological intention of the
planning of this square was the symmetry and the harmony imposed by the servitude. It started to restore
and conserve the damaged facades one by one with the negotiation with the owners and the nation.
Finally the Law of 1913 realized the conservation by the classification of every facade for the historic
monuments.
As a result, I clarified that though the evaluation of historic monuments existed only for a simple building,
the evaluation of the morphological intention of the urban planning was born in this period.
Keywords: Place des Vosges, the Commission of the Old Paris, the First half of the twentieth century,
Servitude, the Letters patent

80
Questioning fragile and versatile urban heritage in Tokyo:

Case study on ordinary urban fragments of Shinjuku
ward
Mireille Tchapi
Doctoral candidate,
Graduate School of Engineering
Tokyo University Urban
conservation system laboratory, Building-
4, 4F RCAST - 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku
153-8904 Tokyo
mireille.tchapi@gmail.com
+81 3 5452 5221 +81 (0)80 6577 1977
Abstract:
Walking in Shinjuku ward, once the edge of Edo, with its multiple urban entities, perception catches the
opportunity to identify the essence of a place, recognizing complex spatial structures created by plots’
arrangements, buildings’ densities, but also emptiness patterns. Helped by tumultuous topography and
streetscapes, the fragmented alcoves strangely and systematically detach themselves within the
expanding sea of condominiums.
“Ordinary” urban landscapes present singular morphologies, histories, and can welcome old strong
communities. However mechanism of plot-size transformation is continuous, getting rid of proportions,
breaking the intrinsic- subtle relationships between shapes’ interaction and constitution of publicly owned
spaces by communities and individual, and the richness of unclear status of public-private, a characteristic
of urban pattern in Tokyo. To which point this voiceless mutation trespasses the identity of those
fragments until deteriorating them forever? Starting with the analysis of Shinjuku ward morphological urban
entities, how to think ordinary fabric as heritage?
When Kyoto benefited from its historical protection status, Tokyo urban history offers quick turn-over of
urban patterns, following land market economy and planning decisions. It turned out to encourage bottom
up approach for better liveability and memory of neighbourhoods, leading to the new landscape law of
2006. Shinjuku ward is one of the most advanced questioning urban heritages. What are the current tools
developed to promote valuable ordinary urban patterns? Given the present world debate on historic urban
landscape, how to consider fragmented and versatile urban form as in central Tokyo?
Keywords: Ordinary urban heritage, morphology, identity, memory and fragmentation, heritage of
emptiness and open spaces morphologies, urban regeneration and historical urban landscape

81
Re-understanding Makkah’s urban morphology
Saeed Ali H Alburgawi

Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning
The University of Sydney
Wilkinson Building (G04) 148 City Road
University of Sydney NSW; 2006; Australia
salb3978@uni.sydney.edu.au +61 433 544 623
Abstract
Makkah (Mecca) is the most important religious centre on earth, at least for all Muslims. The city has been
under continues rapid urban trasformations to provids accomdiation for millions of pilgrims. The historic
centre of the city was demolished to built new buildings. Since, the built enviroment is important for both
residents and visitors, the urban development in Makkah needs to be based on mechanism that relates
study and action, and it requires type of analysis that is able to work out the form implications of
development. Therefore, urban morphology is use to study and design form, which consider both the
physical and spatial components of the Makkah’s urban structure.
The aim of this paper is to discover Makkah’s former urban design principles based on urban
morphogenesis analysis, to demonstrate its value and explore its potential in creating and/or recreating the
city urban fabric. This paper shows how the value of the urban fabric can be demonstrated throw an urban
morphological analysis. The intention of this paper is not to determine specific types of urban patterns and
forms; rather, it is to understand the process of formulating Makkah's built environment, its meanings and
values, which can inform the potentials of the city's urban development.
Key words: Makkah; Urban Morphology; Urban Design Principles

82
Pour une approche urbanistique de la conservation:

l’expérience du canal de Lachine à Montréal
Mathieu Payette-Hamelin
Doctorant Institut d’urbanisme,
Université de Montréal, Canada/
Institut d’urbanisme et d’aménagement
régional,
Université Paul Cézanne
Aix-Marseille III, France
7595 Saint-Dominique
Montréal, Québec Canada
H2R 1X4
(514) 585-9822
mathieu.payette-hamelin@umontreal.ca
Abstract
Depuis quelques décennies, nous assistons au Québec à la multiplication des friches industrielles. Ces
lieux constituent des espaces de prédilection au redéveloppement urbain. Leur positionnement au sein
d’ensembles urbains consolidés motive leur réoccupation et leur reconversion. Cependant, ces processus
n’apparaissent pas uniquement motivés par leur emplacement, mais également par l’intérêt patrimonial
qu’ils suscitent. C’est à partir d’un intérêt pour les anciens bâtiments industriels et les lieux de production
que se consolide alors leur transformation.
Cependant, dans bien des cas, la désertion des activités industrielles a entraîné une dévitalisation de leurs
milieux immédiats. Si ces quartiers se sont développés et consolidés autour d’anciennes industries, ils se
caractérisent maintenant par un fractionnement de leur tissu urbain. Face à ce morcellement, les projets
de redéveloppement qui y sont entrepris misent sur leur redynamisation en s’appuyant notamment sur le
retissage de la trame urbaine.
Dans notre présentation, nous nous questionnons sur les moyens et les modalités qui permettent
d’intégrer des dimensions urbanistiques dans l’élaboration d’un projet visant à mettre en valeur un
ensemble urbain patrimonial. Notre communication a pour principal objectif d’éclairer les composantes
d’une approche urbanistique de la conservation du patrimoine bâti. À partir de l’étude de différents projets
situés le long du canal de Lachine à Montréal, un ancien corridor industriel, nous questionnons l’apport du
discours actuel de la conservation à la revitalisation de ces milieux. Notre regard porte plus
spécifiquement sur les dimensions morphologiques et sur les différents usages de l’espace que ces
projets engendrent.
Mots clés: urbanisme, conservation, patrimoine urbain, Montréal, canal de Lachine

83
Urban form and rehabilitation: the old Jewish

neighbourhood of Pest
Catherine Szanto
Laboratoire "Architectures, Milieux, Paysages"
Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture
Paris-La Villette H-1071
BUDAPEST Damjanich utca 52
k.szanto@wanadoo.fr (+36 - 1) 343 21 16
Abstract
The urban morphology of the old Jewish neighbourhood of Pest (also called Inner Elizabethtown - Belső
Erzsébetváros) reflects its evolution from a periurban area outside the 18th century city of Pest to one of the
central zones of modern Budapest. The neighbourhood was born at the edge of the city of Pest next to its
main marketplace (now Erzsébet square) and around a building that was to become the center of Jewish life
of Pest (the since demolished Orczy House). The street pattern of the inner part of the neighbourhood still
shows the rural paths system over which it has developped. During the 19th century, the area became a link
between the city and its first recreational park (Városliget), with a major cultural and commercial artery (Király
street). It grew into the civic and religious center for the three Jewish communities of Hungary (the so-called
"Jewish triangle" surrounding the three main synagogues), as well as for the Rumanian orthodox community
(Gozsdu), and has always remained an area of mixed cultures. Now a central area within Great Budapest, it
has become pray to real estate speculation, while at the same time it has earned protection as the buffer
zone of the city's Unesco World Heritage site.
The purpose of this paper is to propose a design strategy for the rehabilitation of this neighbourhood, not
based on arbitrary administrative delineations, but rather developping out of several "centrality nodes" which
mark its urban fabric and embody its complex cultural heritage.
Keywords: Urban morphology, heritage, design strategy, rehabilitation

84
Urban heritage representations: Ruins in Alcântara- Brazil
Yara Braga, B.A. Antonio Carlos Guimarães

Instituto de Pesquisa e Instituto de Pesquisa e
Desenvolvimento Universidade do Desenvolvimento Universidade do
Vale do Paraíba Vale do Paraíba
yarabra@hotmail.com ac.guimaraens@gmail.com
Pedro Moreira Neto

Instituto de Pesquisa e
Desenvolvimento Universidade do
Vale do Paraíba
pedroribeiro@univap.br
Abstract
While the "Indies’ Law" defined objectively and rigidly the creation of cities in Hispanic America, the
portuguese project for Brazil considered the rural world the most important, which was the establishment of
monocultures of sugar cane based in the slave regime in the Northeast. At this juncture the Portuguese
heritage was considered more urban architecture than urbanism. Alcântara, Maranhão, contemporary village
to the sugar’s period, was based in a proper and diverse context, the same regime of slavery, but in cotton’s
culture. The economic decline aggravated by the abolition of slavery would lead to an exodus of owners and
abandoned farms, emerging quilombos. The city still preserves examples of religious buildings built on the
rules of the Portuguese Crown, in the 18 century. Little of original architectural style still exists, like ruins and
terraces houses, empty and abandoned. The urban heritage with the historic center of the collection, which
differs from ther Brazilian colonial cities, was listed as National Monument in 1948 by the National Institute of
Historical and Artistic Heritage. Alcântara was also recognized in 2008 as ethnic territory “quilombola”
according to the old occupation of former slaves. This motivated territorial disputes between these traditional
populations and the Government, represented by Alcântara Launch Center (CLA), the brazilian largest
spatial complex, because they share the same territory. The combination of these specificities in this article
brings discussions of concepts such as archaic and modern in a globalized context, stimulating reflections on
the possibility of harmony between such categories.
Key words : urban heritage, ruins, Quilombola, territory, spatial.

85
Walking on heritage: between the forest and the slum

neighborhood of Tijuca. History and Architecture in Brazil.
Carla Valéria Pinto Da Silva Tânia Liani Beisl Ramos

PhD Student, Faculty of Architecture Faculty of Architecture
Technical University of Lisbon Technical University of Lisbon
carlavaleria@pintodasilva.pt taniaramos@fa.utl.pt (+351)
(+351) 918202067
213615823
Abstract
The city of Rio de Janeiro has seen profound social changes that have as main factor the conquest of
territory in its own consolidated urban fabric. Previously dominated by violent organized groups, this territory
has been slowly returned to the resident population, with consequences for the surrounding areas. Several
initiatives have been undertaken at the citizen that aimed respect for diversity. Cultural interventions are
geared towards social plurality. These actions appear as instruments for the prevention of systemic
exclusion, providing crime reduction. The Tijuca neighborhood fits into this scenario. The living area has
become since the 1990s, one of the cores of rising crime in the city. The housing area having recorded a
sharp decrease in population over the last decade, with property devaluation and the worst declines in
property values high. Have insurmountable geographic boundaries: the North is bounded by twelve slums
where public action has been mandatory on the part of the Police units Pacifier UPP - and the South by
urban forest of Tijuca, recreational site of the Imperial Family, originally occupied by the planting of coffee.
Despite the geographic and social contrast the two areas that define the neighborhood are the city's heritage.
The paper aims to reinforce this concept by applying it to the history and architecture, where both the forest
and the slum find your space. Both are here to stay and they are references of the urban fabric of Rio de
Janeiro.
Keywords: slum, Tijuca Forest, diversity, cultural heritage.

86
City by the straight-edge: Street-making as social heritage in

nineteenth-century Montreal
Sherry Olson
McGill University
Abstract
Because so many features of urban form are long-lived, they contribute to continuities in the way people
make use of their streets, and the way a younger generation is socialized to draw upon urban sources of
solidarity, identity, and status to make themselves “at home” in the world. Montréal, between 1840 and 1900,
underwent rapid industrialization; its population grew tenfold; most of the housing was newly built or
replaced; streets were extended, widened, paved, drained, and wired, with an immense increase in “sunk
capital”. Yet the city exhibited astonishing stability in the distribution of property and in its persistent patterns
of residential segregation - by language, religion, and rent-paying capacity. Axial streets like St Lawrence
Main constituted backbones of diversity, advantageous in knitting together the economy and providing
springboards for social mobility. These observations are grounded in the “interferences“ of two projects : a
“miniature Montréal” reconstituted from the births, marriages, and deaths of a sample of families (Thornton
and Olson 2011), and a wider team project for construction of historical geobases (HGIS) known as MAP,
Montréal, l’avenir du passé. The sample population achieved an impressive upward social mobility from one
generation to the next, by employing both short-term adjustments (such as the annual “Moving Day”) and a
long-term planning horizon of three generations (apparent in marriage contracts, wills, and donations). The
evidence from Montréal invites more attention to the appropriation of urban land (who owns it?) and practices
of kinship in the morphologie vécue.

87
Reassessing Formsand Citizens’ Perceptions of Urban

Heritage in the Evolving Japanese Castle City
Takashi Ariga, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Architecture Graduate School
of Creative Science and Engineering
Waseda University 55N-07-06A, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku
Tokyo, 169-8555, JAPAN
E-mail :tariga@waseda.jp Phone : + 81 (3) 5286-2746
Abstract
The feudal castle and its castle town laid out originally during the 16th through the 17th centuries used to be
one perceivable unity. It had been the unity of governing and governed until the Meiji restoration in 1868.
Even today, both of them are still interrelated visually througha townscape and psychologically in citizens’
perceptions. The old downtown district of ‘Shirakawa,’one of Japanese castle cities located in Fukushima
prefecture, has still provided traditional inner-urban environments to live, work, produce, merchandise and to
entertain. The current surge of interest, however, in reassessing values ofurban heritages both physically
and non-physically has been high-lightening awareness of spatial and cultural impacts of contemporary
architectural and urban renovations.The purpose of this paper is to examine forms and their inter-
relationships of urban heritages today at multiple scales. Then the paper will discuss citizens’ perceptions of
their local heritages by means ofa3-dimensional cognitive survey method using visual simulations. It implies
how cooperative heritage managementscan intervene to the ongoing urban issues such as fragmentation of
historical assets, declinationof community attractiveness and degradations of aesthetic townscapes.The
study will conclude that small-scale community-based heritage managements can be harmonious tothe
larger-scale urban sustainability, and which can strengthen underlying values of the distinctive built
environment of heritage citythrough redefiningtheir meanings to the local residents and even to the
innovative activities for the city in future. Keywords: Japanese castle city,urban heritage,morphological
evolution, citizens’ perception and evaluation, 3-dimensional visual simulation

88
Preserving the Suburbs: A Values-Based Management

Approach
Joey Giaimo
ERA Architects Inc. 10 St.
Mary Street, Suite 801 Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
joeyg@era.on.ca 416-963-
4497, ext. 221
Abstract
The post-war suburbs are more than 60 years old and other pockets are older still, previous villages and
modest neighbourhoods, annexed into the creation of larger cities. These developments have reached a
respectable maturity, filled with diverse histories complemented by unique relationships between buildings
and evolving landscapes that find distinction through early planning approaches. With this
acknowledgement, can these early suburbs be deemed cultural landscapes? If so, where do values reside?
As cultural landscapes, how can these active neighbourhoods be preserved and managed? Annexed into
what has emerged as Canada’s sixth largest city, the Lakeview neighbourhood in Mississauga will be used
as a case study. This area is currently undergoing a rejuvenation of its waterfront, a potential redevelopment
that will have a major impact on the larger community. Originally developed from subdivided park lots over a
century ago, Lakeview was host to a transient military population until finally settling into a more stable,
predominantly residential neighbourhood. This transience brought unique qualities to the area and its
continued development, clearly distinguishing itself from the consistency characterized by subsequent and
current suburban development. It will be proposed that Lakeview be considered a cultural landscape
candidate whose heritage value and preservation be determined by a values-based management approach.
This approach evaluates landscapes by determining where its values reside, collaborating with a variety of
stakeholders to recognize varying interests, and managing these interests through implementation. This
approach will be used to arrive at an appropriate preservation strategy tailored for this unique suburban
landscape.

89
Built heritage and visual quality of urban landscape

Maria Cristina Dias Lay Mirian Sartori Rodrigues
cristina.lay@ufrgs.br misarodrigues@uol.com.br
Faculty of Architecture Universidade Federal do Rio Faculty of Architecture Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul Grande do Sul
+ 55 51 3333 3091
Abstract
The article addresses evaluation of cultural built heritage and its contribution to the visual quality of urban
landscape, in order to ascertain the level of importance attributed to heritage buildings and identify the
physical characteristics of existing buildings on sites of heritage value that are more and less attractive to
users, as well as the indication of historical and affective values which possibly influenced the user
perceptions with respect to environmental and aesthetic quality. Historic areas of three cities were selected
as case study. Piratini represents cities with preserved historic centers, with a pioneering urban legislation;
São José do Norte represents cities where cultural heritage was adulterated due to a lack of legislation that
guarantee the preservation of built heritages; Porto Alegre represents cities where cultural heritage was
partly preserved. The research was implemented through the use of qualitative and quantitative methods.
Mental maps and interviews to users of historic areas allowed the identification of the strongest positive and
negative images of public buildings and urban spaces. Questionnaires were administered to evaluate images
of urban scenes with different levels of homogeneity, in order to investigate the role built cultural heritage has
on the visual quality of urban landscape, measuring the damage to the aesthetics of the city caused by the
lack or non-inclusion of issues relating to preservation of cultural heritage in the process of urban planning
and subsidize the elaboration of public policies on the preservation and planning issues.
Key words: built heritage; urban landscape; visual quality.

90
Brasilia: monumental and secular

Frederico de Holanda Gabriela Tenorio
University of Brasilia University of Brasília
Cond. Vivendas Colorado 1, mod. J, casa 1 SQN 206 – Bloco F – apto. 102
Grande Colorado 70844-060
73105-907 Brasilia DF
Brasilia DF, Brasil Brasil
fredholanda44@gmail.com gabrielastenorio@gmail.com
+ 55 61 34859824 + 55 61 39677891
+ 55 61 99861724 + 55 61 91777807

Abstract
Brasilia is well known for its monumentality, but even in spaces which are responsible for the character of the
city, particularly the Esplanade of Ministries, informal life takes place. This happens daily through activities
which respond to needs of the people who have jobs in the State machine. Street vendors contribute to an
unforeseen socio-spatial atmosphere, both in terms of activities which bring more life into public places and
by changing the configuration of open spaces. Repeatedly the local press and the institutions which monitor
Brasilia as a World Cultural Heritage attack these practices because the sellers “represent an aggression to
the city’s preservation”. Waves of repression result from this. The legal documents in which preservation
measures are based specify very little. Such flexibility, instead of allowing for the incorporation of
unpredicted uses and modes of appropriation, is having the opposite effect, opening room to sheer power
and elitist outlooks towards the city. Lucio Costa, the project’s author, suggested, in the early sketches for
the city, that a building, never constructed, should fulfil the functions performed today by the street vendors.
Without being aware of that, those who contribute to the city’s space with their informal activities and
buildings, rescue such proposal. It is argued that current repression prevents a better configuration of the
place. By adding small buildings and informal activities in the fringe of the monumental scene, people enrich
the city scape rather than damage it, but this could be done in a more intense and better way.
Keywords: Brasilia, World Cultural Site, Esplanade of Ministries, monumental scale, informal practices,
urbanity

91
Tourisme dans l’espace urbain
Alina Gonçalves Santiago

Programa de Pós-graduaçao em Arquitetura e
Urbanismo PosARQ / Universidade Federal de
Santa Catarina - UFSC (Bresil) Campus
Universitário – Trindade CEP 88040-900 –
Florianópolis – SC – Bresil
alina.santiago@pq.cnpq.br
(55)48.99713180
Abstract
Le tourisme gagne une approche basée sur leur dynamique. La diversification des modalités de touriste
vient avec de nouvelles exigences et les changements comprennent le contexte plus large du
développement durable, qui a su innover les pratiques sociales dans les domaines de l'environnement et
les politiques économiques. L'action de cette activité reste ancrée dans le paysage, renforcer avec des
insertions de nouvelles, de réutilisation et récupération, qui aussi se détériore dans la mesure qui ne
respecte pas ses aspects culturels, sociaux ou environnementaux. Dans ces dernières années la
planification urbaine commence à réfléchir à l'importance économique du tourisme et de ses implications
sur le territoire urbain. Reconnu l'importance d'ajouter des entrées dans le secteur du tourisme dans la
zone urbaine, un nombre croissant de villes sont prêtes à attirer plus de touristes sur leur territoire. Il n'est
actuellement pas possible de parler de la ville touristique sans une politique de réaménagement urbain,
des espaces verts et du patrimoine historique. Les activités existantes sont traitées avec la gestion durable
des plans où les actions de la politique urbaine ont été l'intégration des actions spécifiques pour le
tourisme, dont les plans de transport, le commerce et le renouvellement des espaces verts urbains, voire
de transformation des nouveaux territoires, de renouvellement, d'innovation et création des nouveaux
espaces urbains.

92
Contemporary Urban form and Urban Heritage: The Brunei water

village case
Rémy Leblanc
School of architecture Victoria University of Wellington
PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
remyleblanc@hotmail.com +64.21.244.5219
Abstract
Brunei’s capital, like most cities in Southeast Asia, was established and developed following indigenous
symbolic and cosmological cultural paradigms. Today, globalization of information, rapid politic and
economic changes are introducing exogenous cultural models. It has been demonstrated elsewhere that as
consequence, evolutionary urban typologies are produced (Lancret et al., 2001, Lancret, 2008). This paper
proposes to describe part of the urban fabric of Brunei’s capital, the water village, using an urban
morphological approach. Its aim is to determine the cultural significance of the water village in regard to
urban heritage practices.
The research methodology posits that the built environment is to be understood as a social production that
is determined by cultural referents, practices and knowledge specific to the studied society (Lancret, 2008).
To understand the built environment is to understand its processes of creation and transformation. The aim
is to reveal the resistance, the persistence, and the discrepancies in the fabric of the urban space. This
uncovers the reconstructions and actualisations of cultural heritage practices on the one hand, and of the
invention of new forms that are the result of appropriation of exogenous elements by the producer of the
built environment, on the other hand (Lancret, 2008).
The paper will demonstrate that Brunei’s water village was built as part of a continuum of cultural practices.
A strong indigenous cultural and symbolic model was the framework for the resistance and persistence that
appears in the continuous development of the urban fabric. The paper concludes that the water village is of
high cultural significance: it represents a modern vernacular urban form, heir of indigenous urban practices.
Keywords: urban morphology, heritage, vernacular architecture, Southeast Asia, water village.

93
A study on the relationship between the sugar factories

along sugar railway and urban sprawl of southern Taiwan
Sin-Heng Wang Yukio Nishimura

Department of Urban Engineering Department of Department of Urban Engineering Department of
Urban Engineering University of Tokyo University Urban Engineering University of Tokyo University
of Tokyo of Tokyo
Pen-Yi Chang Chia-Ling Tien

Department of Urban Engineering Department of Department of Urban Engineering Department of
Urban Engineering University of Tokyo University Urban Engineering University of Tokyo University
of Tokyo of Tokyo
Abstract
In order to modernize Taiwan, Japanese government promoted industrial development with the railway.
There were a number of large sugar factories around southern Taiwan, so the sugar factories were closed
related to that of the economy in Taiwan. These large-scale sugar factories were almost set up in the
important city and along the railway respectively. In addition to this, not only were sugar factories built in
the southern Taiwan but also the staff quarters and the surrounding settlements. This led to the
development of urban planning from the downtown and sugar factories to surrounding area with the
pervasive sugar railway. Many districts along the railway from sugar factories respectively are the
downtown city of Tainan now. Fortunately, most of the large sugar factories have conserved the most
important buildings, so we can now see a number of modern architecture along the sugar factories railway.
For the reasons mentioned above, the modern industrial heritages of sugar factories are the advocacies of
the changes of modernization and urbanization in southern Taiwan. The relationship between the
development of sugar factories and sugar railway is also an important fabric of southern Taiwan. We must
look more carefully into the conservation plan about the landscape of urbanization and modernization in
southern Taiwan. This research will therefore elaborate on the discussions pertaining to the network of
sugar factories along the railway and the development of southern Taiwan, and how its relationship
contributes to the reconsideration of urban conservation with sugar railway especially.
Keywords: Sugar factory, Urban sprawl, Urban conservation, Japanese colonial period, Taiwan

94
Urban Heritage: integrating cultural heritage management and

sustainable urban development
Loes Veldpaus Ana Rita Pereira
Eindhoven University of Technology Faculty of Eindhoven University of Technology Faculty of
architecture building and planning Rua Batataes, architecture building and planning
602 cj 21 CEP 01423-010-São Paulo SP Brasil
l.veldpaus@tue.nl Prof. Bernard Colenbrander
+31 40 247 2244
Abstract
Even though in practice the protection of cultural heritage still tends to focus on the object scale, the debate
has been moving towards the urban scale, even when targeting the protection of individual objects.
This switch is illustrated by the development of global concepts such as historic city, cultural landscapes,
historic urban landscapes and World Heritage city. Moreover, the redesign of urban, landscape, and
archeological sites, where the valuing of structures and plans on an urban scale does not necessarily rely
on buildings with specific architectural qualities, is growing in examples as well as attention.
The main question of the research is: How can cultural heritage be assessed on an urban scale? The sub
questions are: What does the cultural heritage assessment on an urban scale add to the ‘object’ scale
approach; What could be a suited method to assess cultural heritage on an urban scale; How can an
assessment of cultural heritage instigate sustainable urban development?
Keywords: Urban Heritage, Cultural Heritage, Urban Development, Amsterdam, Morphology

95
Recharging Traditional Pubic Space
Donald B. Corner Jenny E. Young

Department of Architecture University Department of Architecture University
of Oregon of Oregon jyoung@uoregon.edu
1062 East 21 Avenue Eugene Oregon, 541‐510‐2111
97405 dcorner@uoregon.edu
541‐485‐8861
Abstract
The Marche region of central Italy encompasses eleven river valleys that flow from the Sibillini Mountains
to the Adriatic Sea. The pattern of settlement on multiple ridges above agrarian valleys give the Marche a
greater frequency of hill towns than the adjacent Tuscany and Umbria. Towns of the Marche have not yet
been torn from their cultural context by the press of tourism as have their more famous neighbors. They
have each tried to adapt to the changing patterns of contemporary life within and between them.
This paper offers a comparative analysis of public space within the overall spatial structure of Marche
towns, drawing on seventeen examples in the province of Macerata. Some of these towns retain lively
pedestrian-oriented centers, while others do not. Of particular interest are the efforts made to recharge
their core with a continuing role in town life, recognizing that not all are successful.
The subjects include ridge towns, knoll towns and hybrids of these basic types. Public space occurs in
piazzas and a hierarchy of connecting viales, corsos, vias and vicolos. Stair stystems or piaggias feed
multilevel public spaces in complex topography.
Comparative methods include mapping urban forms at comparable scales and tracing activities in and
around public space. Contemporary interventions include transit design, system of pedestrian access and
programmatic enrichment through street markets and cultural events. Buildings for religion, government
and education have both positive and negative influences, that are also analyzed within the fabric of
commercial and residential use.
Key words: town form, public space, piazza, revitalization

96
Street morphology and street toponymy. A morpho-

toponymycal types definition of Lisbon streets
Sérgio Barreiros Proença, MSc. (Arch.)

Faculty of Architecture Technical
University of Lisbon Rua de São Ciro, n.º 58,
2.º Esq. 1200-831 Lisboa Portugal
sergiobarreirosproenca@gmail.com
(+351) 91 951 27 38
Abstract
The morphologycal richness of the urban fabric of Lisbon allows to compose a broad and representative
corpus of the city with Portuguese urban cultural matrix. In this study, this characteristic is relevant and
significative of the morphological and morphogenetic diversity of the predominant urban element in the
constitution of the consolidated urban fabric of the city - the Street.
Although very different situations can be integrated into this category of space, translating this
morphological diversity into the very toponymycal terminology of the public spaces, such as the "avenida”
(avenue), the “alameda” (mall), the “rua” (street), the “travessa” (bystreet), the “calçada” (causeway), the
“beco” (alley), the “caracol” (curl) or “escadinhas” (small stairway), we define the Street as any
morphological element of the city's public space that constitutes a "channel" or “corridor”, linear and
continuous, thus excluding the public spaces of exceptional nature of the urban fabric that distance from
these features, which cumulatively fulfill the functions of passage and support of the building, i.e. a
morphological element of the public space which is linear and continuous, at the same time route and
place.
The lexical variety of toponymycal descriptions of these urban elements is caused by various reasons
including the topography, the function or the shape. Adressing the cultural relationship that exists
between the origin of these elements and their toponymycal designation in Lisbon, this paper develops a
previous classification of street morphology focusing into their toponymy, starting with the very elements
for the definition of morphotoponymycal types.
Key words: urban morphology, morphogenesis, typology, street, toponymy, Lisbon.

97
The open spaces system as a structural element of urban

form: proposal for a new point of view
Sílvio Soares Macedo Ana Cecília de Arruda Campos

Prof. Tit. da FAUUSP pesquisadora do LAB-QUAPÁ da FAUUSP
bolsista do CNPq. anacecilia@arrudacampos.com,
ssmduck@usp.br
Vanderli Custódio
Eugenio Fernandes Queiroga Profa. Dra. do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros
Prof. Dr. da FAUUSP (Área Temática de Geografia)
bolsista do CNPq. IEB-USP
queiroga@usp.br vanderli@usp.br
Jonathas Magalhães Pereira da Rogério Akamine

Silva Prof. Dr. UNINOVE e USJT
Prof. Dr. FAU pesquisador do LAB-QUAPÁ da FAUUSP
POSURB-PUC-Campinas akamine224@gmail.com
jonathas@mpsassociados.com.br
Helena Degreas
Fany Galender Profa. Dra. FIAMFAAM
Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo pesquisadora do LAB-QUAPÁ da FAUUSP
pesquisadora do LAB-QUAPÁ da FAUUSP hdegreas@uol.com.br
fgalender@uol.com.br
Fábio Mariz Gonçalves
Prof. Dr. da FAUUSP.
fabiogoncalves@uol.com.br
Abstract
Morphology studies cannot consider urban form without taking into account buildings and open spaces.
These two elements are closely connected to physical support and pre-existing environmental dynamics.
Therefore we see no sense in breaking them in any studies related on the urban form. This article begins
to look at the city and its forms by a rarely used way. The open space becomes the protagonist of the
analysis. This approach considers both public and private spaces. Evaluate the role of different types of
retreats that shape backyards, enclosed yards, parking lots, parks and plazas, etc.. and through which
passes through part of everyday city life. Despite the natural connection links with others societies in the
world like: similar neighborhoods and architectural forms, global urban habits, Brazilian cities hold a
peculiar form coming from the specific process on the parceling of land, urban legislation, cultural habits
and formal and informal actions that constructed the contemporaneous Brazilian urban landscape. After
four years of study, carried out by a national network of researchers, coordinated by QUAPA – Landscape
Frame Lab – at the Sao Paulo University was possible to build a comprehensive overview about the
characteristics, opportunities and constraints of the Brazilian cities open space systems. The presentation
discusses the relationship between the open space systems and the urban form, checking the points in
common: their process of constitution, the existing social and environmental conflicts, and their
morphological structure and appropriation types of open spaces.
Keywords: producer agents, open spaces system, urban form

98
The paradigm of urbanity and formality: investigating four

civic squares in Brazil
Ludmila Dias Fernandes

Architect, Master Student PPG/FAU/UnB
dias_ludmila@hotmail.com
Valério Augusto Soares de Medeiros

Centro Universitário Unieuro and
Legislative Analyst Architect,
the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies
medeiros.valerio@uol.com.br
Abstract
This paper analyzes configuration aspects in four major civic squares in Brazil (Liberdade, in Belo
Horizonte/1897; Civic, in Goiânia/1933, Three Powers, in Brasília/1960 and Girassóis, in Palmas/1989),
settled in the city core of the most important urban experiences developed in the country from the end of
the 19th century to the 1980´s. The study, based on The Theory of the Social Logic of Space, aims at
investigating how different configurational performances are associated with distinguished urban concepts,
especially those named as urbanity and formality, as defined by Holanda (2006). Variables explored
included: square size, global integration, local integration, existence of global axes, square position
concerning the integration core, pedestrian flow, land use and urban built density. Findings suggested that
the older squares concentrate a higher level of urbanity, what is closely related to a more refined human
scale. The scenery is opposite to what is found in Brasília and Palmas, where the monumental scale builds
an impressive urban vista, however extremely arid. It was also identified that, globally, all four square are
(a) placed in the integration core of the urban structure and (b) well connected to the whole urban grid by
means of the major urban axes. Besides that, results pointed that the local configurational features are the
proper responsible for the syntactic identity of the squares, which means the predominance of urbanity in
Liberdade and Civic, and formality in Three Power e Girassóis.

99
Open Space Transformation in the Fringe Belt of Nanjing

(1800S-2000S)-A Case Study of Bailu Islet and East Water
Gate Area
Xu Zhen Han Ling Yun
Ph.D. candidate Ph.D. candidate
School of Architecture, University of College of Forestry Resources and
Southeast, China Environment
landscaping@163.com Nanjing Forestry University, China
Tel: +86 13705171465 hanly0202@126.com
Du Shun Bao
Professor
University of Southeast, China
Abstract:
During the civilization and urbanization, the relationship between human and nature change deeply which
reflected in the morphology of urban open space explicitly. Undergoing random change and containing less
human activities compared with built environment, open space in the urban context, have not been paid
enough attention to whether in planning practice or academic research in the whole. The present authors
investigate the transformation of Bailu Islet and Dongsui Gate area (100 ha) in the fringe belt of Nanjing old
city to exemplify open space change. Involved from wild wetland and an aristocrats garden before 1900s,
the open space subsists in densely residential and institutional area, consisting of parks, Inner River, moat,
city wall remnant, and other historical sites. With historical maps and field survey, the authors depict the
open space morphology from 1900s to 2000s, as well as the consequent townscape change. Illuminated by
M.R.G. Conzen’s methods, the authors also conduct landscape regionalization of this area to correlate
open space with streets and buildings type, and find most evident change take place in the interface
between them, whether due to spontaneous urban sprawl or planning control. Through the
cartographization, the authors also found it’s important to establish a Historical GIS which integrate the
spatial and temporal data, with which the researchers can enhance data mining of the past and
comprehensive analysis to make more valuable contribution for townscape management. Keywords: Open
Space; Interface; Urban Morphology; Townscape; Nanjing

100
Urban form and open spaces: the case of brazilian

medium-sized cities
Glauco de Paula Cocozza Lucas Martins de Oliveira

Adjunct Professor Student of Architecture and Urbanism
Federal University of Uberlândia Federal University of Uberlândia
Av. João Naves de Ávila, Campus Santa Av. João Naves de Ávila, Campus Santa
Mônica, Mônica,
Uberlândia, MG, Brazil Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
glauco_cocozza@yahoo.com.br lucasmart@msn.com
(55) 3239-4373 (55) 3239-4373
Abstract
The Brazilian contemporary urbanization is setting a new scenario: the growth and expansion in the number
of medium-sized cities, which were consolidated in the last 20 years as strategic locations for urban
development and economic clout. This study aims to further the discussion on the relationship of open
spaces in the configuration of urban form and structure of medium-sized cities in Brazil, identifying its main
formal and spatial aspects, examining this relationship in Uberlandia, an important mid-size city in Minas
Gerais, pole economic region known as the Triangulo Mineiro, in central Brazil. The article discusses the
main determinants of morphological Brazilian medium-sized cities, focusing on spatial characteristics, and
main patterns of tissue growth, and then analyzes the morphological aspects of Uberlandia, from its
founding until the new peripheral subdivisions, relating them with different types of open spaces produced
by the process of urbanization. Conflicts of this relationship resulted in quantitative and qualitative loss of
open spaces in urban as well as more favorable to the creation of other qualitative and relational, creating a
system identified by spaces that constitute both the center and edges of the city.
Keywords: open spaces, medium-sized cities, urban fabric

101
Road system and public parks as urban form permanent and

structuring spaces
Marieta Cardoso Maciel Maria Cristina Villefort

Department of Project, Architecture School Teixeira
Federal University of Minas Gerais Department of Project,
marietamaciel@hotmail.com Architecture School Federal
University of Minas Gerais
mcrisvt@gmail.com
Stael de Alvarenga Pereira Costa
Urbanism Department, Architecture School
Federal University of Minas Gerais
spcosta@arq.ufmg.br
Abstract
This work consists of investigations on spaces without edifications and public properties as in avenues and
parks, and their relations with the morphological transformations of the city of Belo Horizonte. Urban
environment studies provide important resources for their planning and management. However, for social
and political reasons among others, there has been a peripheral occupation which had as guidelines not only
the place’s environmental conditions but also the roads existent between the Curral Del Rey village and
other locations that not always coincided with the planned directives. Relevant aspects will be analysed such
as cause and effect of the municipal, state and federal legislations regarding the occupation, the
permanence and environmental values of the free spaces without edifications and also public property,
among which there are parks and traffic roads. Public spaces free of edifications are hereby considered the
parks, plazas and natural elements still existent. Mobility spaces also pertain to them, such as streets and
avenues. The materialized spaces are those occupied by public and private edifications. They all compose
the urban landscape which is dynamic such as the environment. Through occupation peaks, mainly the ones
occurred in the 70’s after creation of the metropolitan region, Belo Horizonte earned new occupation forms
originated by laws deemed too slow to correct the problem. The valuing of public spaces without edifications,
with specific use of mobility and public well being still remain in the urban tissue and become elements
strategically used as directives and structurants of the metropolitan expansion.
Key words: public parks; road system, free urban space; environmental balance, urban planning.

102
Open Spaces as Structuring Element of Urban Form in

Northern Parana New Towns
Karin S. Meneguetti Gislaine E. Beloto

Departamento de Arquitetura e Urbanismo Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Universidade Estadual de Maringá
ksmeneguetti@uem.br 55 44 32614429 Aline M. da Silveira
Renato L. Rego
Abstract
This paper describes the positive structuring role of open spaces in Northern Parana planned new towns.
Due to a comprehensive town planning initiative within a private land-speculation enterprise, Northern
Parana new towns originally depicted grid-like urban tissues intentionally adapted to the site. Along with
town identity rendered by site-adaptation, legibility was endorsed by judicious layout of open spaces.
Actually, location and outline of open spaces not only structured urban form but also addressed
environmental quality. However, distinct expansion areas did not sustain the positive formal characteristics
of the reasonable original town layout. Thus, by mapping and analyzing the current different townscapes
(or, in Conzenian terms, the morphological regions), this cognitive morphological study points out the
decrease of environmental quality in Northern Parana new town’s evolution and stresses the fundamental
role played by open spaces in those initial urban forms.
Keywords: settlement, colonization, cultural landscape, Norte do Paraná

103
Urban fringe belts in planned new towns: the case of Maringá,

Brazil
Juliana Alves Pereira
Departamento de Arquitetura e Urbanismo Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Departamento de Arquitetura e Urbanismo Bloco
32 Av. Colombo 5790 -Maringá, PR –
Brazil 87020-900 arq.jul@hotmail.com
(55) 44 32279072
Karin Schwabe Meneguetti

Departamento de Arquitetura e Urbanismo Universidade Estadual de Maringá ksmeneguetti@uem.br
Abstract
This paper aims to ascertain the existence and characteristics of urban fringe belts in a planned new town.
M. R. G. Conzen debugged the concept of urban fringe belts, designed by Hebert Louis by the observation
of medieval cities. The analysis consists of the physical configuration of urban development, envisioned in
the concentration of public services and institutions at the periphery of urban form which constitutes urban
fringe belts alternately displayed with residential areas. However, the possible existence of urban fringe belts
in a sixty-two year old planned new town suggests a slightly different case. Thus, a particular analysis
method was adapted to the reality of Maringa, Brazil. Public facilities and private lots of low occupancy were
considered. Urban fringes were then signaled on subsequent maps of urban development which allowed
representing the emergence, stagnation and modifying of urban fringe belts in five periods of urban growth.
As a result, it has been observed that effective urban fringes belts hardly occur and whenever it happened
they seemed to have inhibited urban growth.
Keywords: open spaces, urban evolution, new towns, urban fringe belts.

104
A research on fringe belts in Belo Horizonte/ Brazil

Stael de Alvarenga Pereira Costa Marieta Cardoso Maciel
Architecture School Architecture School
Federal University of Minas Gerais Federal University of Minas Gerais
spcosta@arq.ufmg.br marietamaciel@hotmail.com
Maria Cristina Villefort Teixeira

Architecture School
mcrisvt@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a research underdone by the Landscape Laboratory of the
Architecture School/ UFMG, Brazil.
The research has been developed through the last years sponsored by both federal and state agencies. The
following stages of the research, which is in due course, intends to analyse the identified fringe belts
according to the evolution of the city to classify them as an inner, middle or outer fringe belt. (Whitehand,
2006) The main activities for its development were to trace down the evolution of the urban form to
superimpose those spaces found in the first research. (Pereira Costa, 2010)
Three main units which appeared along the years of t1920’s, 1960’s and in the last decade of the XX century
were pointed out. Although they don’t form belts around the urban form they present units surrounding
certain fixation lines, at a certain era of the evolution cycle of the city. The current activity in development is a
fieldwork to analyse each element previously identified to classify them according to the evolutionary cycle of
the city. This fieldwork brings doubts, either concerned to its identification either concerned to concepts. The
aim of this paper is to present the research results to share our work in order to attract further research to
contribute to development of the concepts as well as to use it as an instrument for planning policies.
Keywords: fringe belts, belo horizonte research, evolution, instruments, planning policies

105
The fringebelts of Reykjavík, Iceland

Sigrídur Kristjánsdóttir
Assistant Professor Director of the Master
program in Planning Agricultural
University of Iceland
sigridur@lbhi.is +
354-433-5264
Abstract
The fringe-belt concept put forward by Louis (1936) and further established by Conzen (1960) is here applied
to the city of Reykjavík, Iceland. The fringe-belt analysis builds upon the work Conzen (1969, p.125) and
Whitehand (1972b).
The analysis was conducted in three stages. The first stage looked at the physical conditions at the building
site. The second studied the man made barriers to growth and the final part was the study of the linkage
between the building cycle and fringe belt formation.
Reykjavík was founded in 1786 and it formed and expanded almost entirely during the past two hundred
years. With its short history and relatively isolated development, Reykjavík contrasts with the towns and
cities investigated by Conzen.
In summary the fringe-belt analysis reveals four fringe belts. The formation of the first two can be compared
to a traditional formation of fringe belts in European cities, as studied by Conzen and Whitehand. The next
two relate to the physical conditions of the site which play an important role in formation of the city. Finally a
new era of ideology has affected urban growth and resulted in designed neighbourhoods encompassed by
green belts. The City of Reykjavík is currently expanding according to this ideology.
Previous studies, particularly of British and other Europen cities, have found that the main reasons for the
formation of fringe belts are economic. In Reykjavík, however, the most important factor in the formation of
fringe belts is the suitability of land for development.
Keywords: fringe-belt, Reykajavie, urban growth, planning, design

106
Open spaces system in Rio de Janeiro, from global to local -

contradictions of globalizing mega scale projects and daily life
and place in Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro
Inês de Azevedo Isidoro
Master’s candidate,
Graduate Program in Architecture
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rua Eng.
Pena Chaves 39/101 – 22460090 Rio de
Janeiro -BRAZIL
Ines.isi@gmail.com
+55 (21) 31144576
Abstract
This paper examines the open spaces system in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, seeking to
understand its functioning at a larger scale, in which the relationships between housing, work and nature are
understood as micro-elements of the metropolitan system. The area of focus lies in an environmental
protection area (APA Guapimirim), bordered by the Guanabara Bay and urban areas presenting low density.
Due to the large number of public and private investments, this region is under rash transformation,
threatening to damage not only the fauna but also the mangrove fishermen community living at the bayside.
The APA Guapimirim struggles against external pressures to maintain its natural mangrove biodiversity,
whereas the community lives traditionally in a poor area. The informal local scale open space system
encompasses natural landscapes, which have been appropriated for leisure and work near the settlements.
The aim is to confront this open space system with the landscape and urban transformations resulted by
globalizing mega-projects such as the metropolitan ring road, a new asphalt road for the construction of an
oil-refinery and an urban housing project that will relocate part of the mangrove population. Place is
understood here as the reference locus for the fisher population, and the dialectical relationship between
local and global places is discussed in this sense. The contradictions between global and local places,
illuminated and opaque spaces, environmentally protected areas and development areas evidence the
impossibility to think human development apart from nature, and of nature apart from man.
Key words: environmental protection area; open spaces system; fishermen community; big-scale projects

107
Morphological change in the Nanzhan and Changti areas in

Guangzhou, 1911-2010
Jintang Chen
Department of Architecture College of Architecture
and Engineering South China University of
Technology Tian He District, Guangzhou 510640,
P.R. China chenjintang3033@hotmail.com +86-
13570349755
Abstract
The absence of detailed historical cartographic records is an important problem in research on the
development of urban form in Chinese cities. This paper examines the morphological changes of the
reclamation areas in the Pearl River waterfront districts of Guangzhou whose development history is less than
100 years and some detailed cartographic records have been prepared over time. During the past century,
Guangzhou has developed from a city as “Southern Harbor City” in the period of Republican China (1912-
1949) to the one of five key cities of China now. The Pearl River has played an important role in supporting the
development. And huge reclamation areas have transformed the physical urban structure. Morphological
investigations will be carried out in the key reclamation areas, namely the Nanzhan and Changti areas. The
plot redevelopments in those areas are mapped by the comparison between historical cartographic records
prepared in different times. On the analysis, this paper will not only reveal the changes in land and building
utilization and building type, but also identify the progressive feature of the morphological changes.
Key words: morphological change, Nanzhan area, Changti area, Guangzhou, China

108
On the typological transfiguration of a city and its water system

- A case study of Hue, the Shanshui City of Vietnam
Naoaki Furukawa
Adjunct Researcher Shigeru Satoh
Waseda Research Institute of Science and Department of Architecture
Engineering, Japan Waseda University
55-N-710A, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku
Tokyo, Japan (post code: 169-8555) Susumu Kawahara
naofurk@gmail.com Department of Tourism Science
+81.3.5286.3285 (office) Tokyo Metropolitan University
Abstract
Most historical cities in East Asia—those often regarded as Shanshui City (literally, city of mountain and
water), were built in their city plans based upon methodology of feng-shui concepts. Such cities were
developed without offending the surrounding Rivers and Mountains, bringing the cities into harmony with
ecology. Their water systems, in particular, were fruits of their environmental control techniques developed
along lengthy historical paths. Each stage in history had given enormous impacts to the typology of Shanshui
Cities.
This research presents a study of Hue, a Walled City, capital of Nguyen Era (1802 - 1945), Vietnam, observing
its typological processes and city phases in history with in particular its water system. Field researches were
done with analyses of historical maps and documents and with conferences and advices from Vietnamese
historians.
During the wall-city construction of Hue, its water system was built to equip 3 functions:
(1) The smooth rainwater draining mechanism from city to rivers, (2) canals as the water transport control and
(3) landscape consideration. Thus, the rainwater drainage system made a major factor of Hue’s landscape
today.
Also, the old city restricted for Royal, Aristocrats and bureaucrats were invaded by civilians after the fall of
Nguyen. The rapid population increase damaged the natural environment, polluted the waters with domestic
sewage, and the housing construction resulted in burying some lakes and raising water level; the lakes’
drainage functions, as clearly observed, were diminished.
Key words: water system, environmental control, feng-shui methodology, walled city, Vietnam

109
Waterfront Planning Process and Socio-economic Change in

the Urban Fringe Area – A Fringe-belt Study of Hangzhou City
in China (1907-2007)
Shulan Fu, Doctoral Candidate

Department of Urban Engineering
University of Tokyo Urban Design Lab.,
Engineering Building#14_ 906 University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8656 , Japan
sue1126cn@gmail.com
fushulan@ud.t.u.ac.jp
81-3-5841-6224 81-90-9853-5611
Abstract
Hangzhou is a city famous for its rich landscape resources, and it is also a city well-researched in the fields of
history, since it was once a capital city with prosperous markets and waterways in Southern Song Dynasty
(1127-1279). As the records showed in old maps, paintings and photos, Hangzhou kept its ancient city form
unchanged until the year 1907 (city wall’s demolition), although some adjusted shifts were made before.
With the demolition of city wall, urban planning was introduced for reconstructing urban areas. The waterfront
area on the west side of city, which is also defined as an urban fringe area, was the primary place which was
planned and developed. This area also experienced the changes which were made according to every
different adjustment of the city’s master plan in later times. Thus, a fringe-belt study in this area was made in
order to explore the urban planning process and related socio-economic changes, which leads to a
concentrated reflection of Chinese city’s development process in the Yangzi Delta Area.
The study includes a plan review of last 100 years and a comparison of urban space in different period by
map reading. And as a complement to the limited map information before 1950’s, some bird’s-eye figures
for tourism, reports and advertisements from newspapers, also paintings and photos are critically used in
analyses to clarify the changing process.
Key words: waterfront planning, urban fringe, China

110
Morphological processes, planning and reality: redeveloping

the urban waterfront in Auckland and Wellington
Kai Gu
School of Architecture and Planning University of
Auckland Private Bag 92019, Auckland,
New Zealand .
k.gu@auckland.ac.nz
+64 9 9233790, Fax: +64 9 3737652
Abstract
The urban waterfront areas adjacent to the central business districts (CBDs) in Auckland and Wellington are
under great pressure for change. Though the CBD waterfront areas in the two cities are similar in their size,
history and political-economic contexts, the redevelopment processes in the past two to three decades have
resulted in divergent patterns of built environment and different socio-economic consequences. In striking
contrast to the waterfront area in Wellington, which has provided successful spaces and facilities for public life,
the waterfront redevelopment in Auckland has inadequately protected character landscapes and public
amenities. By applying the concept of urban fringe belts, this paper examines the morphological changes of
the CBD waterfront landscapes in relation to waterfront planning and design in Auckland and Wellington.
Unlike the predominant process of fringe-belt alienation in Auckland’s waterfront transformation, the fringe-belt
characteristics, especially permeability and open pattern of land cover, have been maintained in Wellington’s
waterfront area. The absence of both sound management strategy for the waterfront landscape and as an
effective institutional framework explains some failures in Auckland’s waterfront redevelopment. The fringe-belt
concept cannot only help to understand the dynamics of morphological processes, but also provide a basis for
strengthening waterfront planning and design.
Keywords: urban waterfront redevelopment, urban fringe belts, waterfront planning and design, Auckland,
Wellington

111
Form and concept of new Brazilian universities campuses
Liliane Torres Oliveira Glauco de Paula Cocozza

Uniessa, Uberlândia Federal University of Uberlândia
Av. João Naves de Ávila, Campus Santa Av. João Naves de Ávila, Campus Santa
Mônica, Mônica,
Uberlândia, MG, Brazil Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
li_torres2000@yahoo.com.br glauco_cocozza@yahoo.com.br
(55) 3254-1213 (55) 3239-4373
Abstract
The beginning of XXI century signify the resume on creation of new public universities in Brazil and
consequently news campuses expansion and implementation. This process propitiated different
conceptions of universities master plans, directing in contemporary sustainable concepts, mobility and
mainly connected with the pedagogical models which were introduced in each university. This paper
makes an analysis of spatial characteristics of five different plans: University of São Paulo, East Campus
in São Paulo; University of São Paulo, Campus 2 in São Carlos; Federal University of ABC, Campus
Santo André; Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba and Federal University of Uberlândia,
Campus Glória. This work attempts to evince which concepts were adopted in these projects, and for that
were defined some patterns of approach: analysis of site where the campus is placed; urbanistic concepts
identification and design references; the morphology adopted; spatial analysis between buildings and open
spaces; and environmental sustainability – a current theme present in discussion on planning. This paper
reflects an important moment of Brazilian universities with the new campuses experiences, which
demonstrates that there is intent to match the demands generated by contemporary society.
Keywords: campus planning, Brazilian university, campus morphology.

112
Four towns- four stories: a comparative study of four college

towns as attractive places in small metropolitan regions in
U.S.A.
Anirban Adhya
College of Architecture and Design Lawrence
Technological University 21000 West Ten Mile
Road Southfield, Michigan 48075
U.S.A. aadhya@ltu.edu
+1 734 2740491
Abstract
This research presents college towns as attractive places to live in small metropolitan regions in the United
States. Through a comparative case-study of four college towns—Ann Arbor (Michigan); Athens (Georgia);
Tallahassee (Florida); and Lansing-East Lansing (Michigan)—this paper examines college towns as
successful examples of sustainable urbanism. Each town considered in this research illustrates a story
that highlights several aspects of the town: description of the urban morphology, development of the
educational institution, and the everyday lives of people, all evolving together. This paper describes this
evolution focusing on the historic-morphological study of the town-campus spatial configuration.
Research design includes data collection and analysis in four cities to identify and examine elements and
patterns contributing to the success of these urban environments. This is accomplished through (1)
literature review, (2) historic cartographic study, and (3) analysis of different forms of public places. The
commonalities and distinctive characteristics of the cities and the pattern of city-campus relationships are
specifically examined. Morphological analysis reveals distinct downtown-campus relationship in each city,
characterizing the experience of the urban environment. The spatial representations of the town-gown
configuration highlight various formal and informal opportunities of human appropriation. This comparative
case study postulates a framework for study of an urban environment through historic-morphological study
and spatial configuration analysis. The research also demonstrates opportunities for learning from
specialized urban environments like college towns characterized by social-cultural institutions, niche
market, and great public places, all manifested in a sustainable urban form.
Keywords: sustainable urban form, college towns, public space, spatial configuration analysis, small metro
regions.

113
Monument and ideal at the urban periphery: the case of

Simon Fraser University
Leonard J. Evenden
Lee Gavel
Abstract
In 1965, Simon Fraser University was created a new institution of post-secondary education in
metropolitan Vancouver. This was a time when numerous such institutions were created and those
already in existence expanded. Such projects, virtually all of them public in conception and financing,
required major decisions of location. They also required planning for the inevitable impact on existing
built environments and patterns of movement, and represented an opportunity for new paradigms in
design. The effect was to establish new morphological dominants in the landscape, of which SFU is
the most heralded.
Some 45 years have elapsed since SFU was built at the top of Burnaby Mountain, about 380 metres
(1250 feet) above Burrard Inlet, itself an arm of the Strait of Georgia. The location is suburban, to the
east of Vancouver. Its relegation to such a remote location parallels the experience of the
establishment of the University of British Columbia, some 45 years earlier, in 1922, at the extreme
westerly point of land, west of Vancouver. SFU has matured into the dominant institution of
Vancouver’s peripheral suburbs and has become identified with the dramatic location and unique
architectural character of its campus.
This paper reflects upon the morphological character of this major post-secondary institution in terms
of choice of site, site characteristics in relation to the metropolitan area, the vision of its chief architect,
Arthur Erickson, and the ways in which the experience of the physical form of the institution has been
taken as a measure of morphological “success”.

114
The evolution of urban form in China : an application of

M.R.G Conzen’s method in the the Guangfunan area
district of Guangzhou
Ye Li
Department of Geography Planning and
Environment
1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West
Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1M8
l_ye9@live.concordia.ca
(514) 688-3999
Abstract
This paper explores the evolutionary process of a traditional architecture type in the city of Guangzhou,
China. Qilou, a commercial-and-residential building type in southern China, has the similar inner
configuration and ground plan with the traditional ‘bamboo house’ (zhutongwu) but influenced by the
technology and decorative arts from west in the early 20th century. It blossomed in the 1920s because of
city redevelopment policies established by the Republican government. Although a lot of Qilou and
traditional buildings have been torn down in the process of city regeneration in the 1990s, some of them
still remain and have been adapted in a new architecture type. The paper concludes the ways that the
western technology and ideas have influenced the elements of this specific architecture form, especially
the characteristic on the street façades. It also discusses the feasibility and process of using the Italian
typological theory and methodology to reconstruct the evolution of the typological process in southern
China.
Keywords: traditional architecture types, Qilou, Italian typological theory, Guangzhou, China

115
The evolution of urban form in China: an application of

M. R. G. Conzen’s method in Guangzhou
Sheng Yao
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental
Sciences
University of Birmingham Birmingham
B15 2TT, UK
yaosheng18489@live.cn
+44 07576507896
Abstract
M. R. G. Conzen’s theory of urban morphology has been an important stimulus to the study of the evolution
of European cities. This paper explores Conzen’s method of morphological regionalization in the very
different cultural environment existing in Guangzhou, China. No.16 Fu area is a typical traditional
residential area in Guangzhou. Despite the lack of many of the sources of data used in the West, this
paper undertakes a morphological regionalization in this area employing the three form complexes used by
Conzen: ground plan, building types, and land and building utilization. The application of the method to
conservation planning is discussed.
Keywords: evolutionary process, urban morphology, M. R. G. Conzen’s theory, Guangzhou

116
Research on morphological characteristics of residential

units of Chaozhou city in Qing Dynasty--using Yi-Xing-Jia
residential area for example
Bo Chen
School of Architecture South China University of
Technology No.381 Wushan road, TianHe
district, Guangzhou, cb31811@gmail.com +86
135 7057 9605
Abstract
Chaozhou is a very special city of South China along the coastline. It has become one of the second batch
of historical and cultural cities in China in 1986, because of its long history and well kept of city form and
buildings since Qing Dynasty. Research on Chaozhou’s urban form is complicated for its lack of
information as that used in West, but significance for the development and preservation of Chaozhou city.
This paper try to pay attention to the extensive construction in Qing Dynasty, then explores and use
M.R.G.Conzen’s plan analysis method as developed in Europe by him. Since we are in totally different
cultures, there comes into being a different research structure and a more peculiar method. Because of the
limited historical record, this paper leans to focus on the residential units, then choose the most typical
residential unit into analysis. This unit will be understood in many aspects that referred to Conzen’s town
plan analysis, such as street system, plot pattern, building arrangement, building fabric, land use,
morphological region, fringe belt and so on. All of these elements are used to explore the morphological
character of Chaozhou city and find out the main effect. Using Conzen’s town plan analysis method for
Chaozhou is not only offering the way for preservation and development of the city, but also proving the
worldwide applicability of this method as long as we adjust it for the specifically city.

117
The study on the relationship between the evolution of

“eight sights of Guangzhou” and urban morphology of
Guangzhou city
Deng Ying Xian

South China University of Technology
WuShan Road No.381, Guangzhou,
China
ophelia1101@163.com
13710225782
Abstract
“Eight Sights in Guangzhou” was born on the basis of the “eight sights culture” with the
cultural characteristic of Guangzhou. From the Song Dynasty to year 2011, the “Eight Sights of
Guangzhou” have changed seven times. This paper focuses on the relationship between the change of the
“Eight Sights of Guangzhou” and the evolution of the urban morphology of Guangzhou. It analyses the
influence of the urban morphology of Guangzhou on the “Eight Sights of Guangzhou” and explores the
function of “Eight Sights of Guangzhou” on Guangzhou’s history. With this study, we can learn more about
the history and advance the urban development of Guangzhou.
With the study of the history of Guangzhou city, the paper starts with the introduction of the “Eight
Sights of Guangzhou”. Then it sums up the rules of the “Eight Sights of Guangzhou” from the aspect of
content, spatial distribution and the interests of citizen, etc. We can find that the sights were changing from
natural landscape to artificial, the spatial contribution of the sights was changing with the evolution of urban
morphology; the “Eight Sights of Guangzhou” reflected the change of the geography, urban morphology,
urban economy and the advance of interests of citizen of Guangzhou; At last the paper discusses the
affect of the “Eight Sights of Guangzhou” on urban morphology.
Key Words: the “Eight Sights of Guangzhou”; urban morphology; urban construction

118
Case studies of urban form in North America: The spatial

logic of French and British land concessions in Southern
Quebec
François Dufaux
École d’architecture Université Laval Édifice du
Vieux-Séminaire de Québec Côte de la
Fabrique, bureau 3231
Francois.dufaux@arc.ulaval.ca
Abstract
The North American rural landscape is largely framed by the cadastral order defined by the original land
concessions. The patterns, set in the earliest colonial endeavours, were sorted along three main
archetypes; the organic division of self-established settlements on the eastern seaboards of English
colonies like Massachusetts or Newfoundland, the rectangular square-mile division extending across the
continent, and the narrow-plot river based division linked to the French colonial tradition.
The square-mile and the narrow-plot patterns are, at first, abstract geometric shape reflecting the
imposition of a new social order, whether directly colonial or imperialistic. This presentation exposes some
incidental findings made in a larger territorial morphological analysis around Saint-Hyacinthe, in Southern
Quebec. The region is at the fringe of French and British land divisions. The first pattern is sensitive to
drainage while roads appear endlessly straight. The second is blind to topography but open to meandering
roads. Their overlap, which is the result of internal migration of dwellers, displays the contradictions of two
design statements in the eastern section of the regional municipality.
Theses observations lead to a discussion of the relationship between land pattern and development
model. Their capacity to support economic activities, and to guide the implementation of infrastructures
and settlement are key factors in their sustainability. On the other hand, when proving deficient over time,
their stamp is likely to be challenged or erased.
Key words: land subdivision, agricultural potential, geography, and colonial development

119
Catalhoyuk as pre-industrial urban form
Arthur Krim
Boston Architectural College
arthur.krim@the-bac.edu 671-547-
9323
Abstract
The Neolithic site of Catalhoyuk in central Turkey has emerged in the last half century as the touchstone
for early urban form of pre-industrial morphology. Discovered in 1958 by British archaeologist James
Mellaart, Catalhoyuk consists of fourteen layers of mudbrick houses built on the Koya Plain in central
Anatolia, the oldest of which dates to 7400 BC. The morphology of Level VIB (6500 BC) has become the
icon of early Neolithic urban form, originally published by Mellaart in 1963. These levels comprise a
complex of rectangular mud brick walled houses in pueblo style, accessed by roof ladders to cooking and
sleeping quarters below. These rooms are often decorated with wall murals showing animals in hunt and
shrines to ancesters. Recent archaeology by Ian Hodder has shown that the complex was rebuilt by
successive generations, replicating the living quarters in form and function at each level. Open spaces
between the houses were used for fringe activities as waste and sewage, while the roofs served as
domestic platforms for pottery and weaving. Although the entire mound is still under excavation, Level
VIB at Catalhoyuk has become the signature site of early urban form by archaeologists and historians,
revealing the morphology of pre-industrial compact settlements in the Near East.

120
Urban morphology identity: reading colonial legacies at

Azemmour, Morocco
Jorge Correia
School of Architecture - University of Minho /
CHAM, Portugal Campus de Azurém 4800-058
Guimarães Portugal
jorge.correia@arquitectura.uminho.pt +351
916003064
Abstract
Azemmour is a small town on the mouth of river Oum er-Rbia in Morocco. Its present size doesn’t match the
magnitude and importance of its past, especially as far as architectural and urban aspects are concerned. This
paper examines one of its thinnest layers, yet extremely relevant: the Portuguese occupation (1513 to 1542).
Azemmour suffered intense processes of urban growth and shortening for nearly one thousand years. After its
Almohad heyday, when the city occupied a large area, the perimeter was drastically shortened before the
arrival of the Portuguese. Christian occupants then decided another surface short cut to the size of a
castle/town. 1542’s Arab takeover returns to the former perimeter, which nowadays corresponds to the walled
medina. Through urban fabric analysis and resulting from recent field research, this paper wishes to state how
the narrow Portuguese stratum, has marked the urban image of the town at a time when urban concepts and
practices were being modernized through the experience with the founding of medieval new towns and the
renovating hygienist spirit underlying an announced modernity in Europe. The search of a new identity related
to a new lord and faith has induced strategies of regularisation, now subordinated by a permanent re-
Islamization process. Urban morphology methodologies allow retrospective keys to the reading of an important
urban clash occurred in the early 1500s that still marks Azemmour’s present dimension and street display.
Thus, dual concepts -colonial vs. autochthonous, Christian vs. Muslim urban images; regular vs. organic - are
also questioned.
Keywords: colonization, Islamic city, new town, urban morphology, Early Modern

121
Mamluk Madaress: a delicate balancing spatial and urban

institutional metaphor
Shatha Malhis
University of Petra
P.O.Box 961343 Amman 11196- Jordan
shathamalhis@gmail.com
1 647 216 8106
Arabian Universal Consulting
Suite 1106- 25 Capreol Court
Toronto, Ontario, M5V 3Z7
Phone: 1 647 216 8106
Abstract
This paper looks at the spatial development of the educational buildings (Madaress) of the Mamluks who
ruled Egypt and Syria through Mamluk Bahri period (1260-1382AD) and Later Mamluk (1382-1517 AD). The
investigation operates within the hypothesis that Madaress architecture is not merely an architecture that
represents a certain era or location, but a social-cultural manifesto, whose content was dictated by the
period’s social and religious needs. A representative sample of 14 Madaress located in different sections of
the empire is reviewed to epitomize the architecture of the period and to indicate the different factors that
had role in shaping their physical and spatial character. Madaress are investigated at three levels; first, a
vocabulary for an architectural language of the different chronological Madaress is created. Second, an
analytical morphological system is defined for each of the buildings and the resultant readings of Space
Syntax theory and Isovists applications are presented. Madaress are analyzed both individually and
collectively, and comparisons between all examples are made in order. Finally, an interpretive is created to
highlight the compositional commonalities among examples, and to clarify the impact of the political context
on the morphology of the buildings. The different perspectives in the way by which the Madaress are looked
at whether historical panoramic or detailed microscopic, are hoped to clarify that Mamluk educational
buildings were not mere reaction to certain historical or urban circumstances but instead represent a clear
vision and a spatial logic in its own right.
Keywords: Mamluk Madaress, educational buildings, isovists, morphology, space syntax.

122
Study on morphology of urban blocks in southeastern coastal

cities for the late imperial China
Zhang Yu Wang Weijen

M. Philosophy Candidate Department of Architecture
Department of Architecture University of Hong Kong
University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong
Pokfulam, Hong Kong wjwang@hku.hk
fisharchi@gmail.com
852-6749 7370
Abstract
When looking through the history of Chinese walled city, it is quite obviously that the main road system has
gone through a change from “+”style to “T” style. Such change resulted in the transformations on the urban
block level, which expresses on the popularity of the elongated urban blocks shaped by long lanes. Such
long-lane block districts can be rarely seen in those long-historicalcities in Central China, while are more
commonly seen in the Coastal Southeastern cities, which mostly has flourished since The Middle Age.
Through examining the ancient maps of the six fu (the administrativeunit under Province) cities in Coastal
Southeastern in Ming-Qing period, we found that they invariably emphasize the expression of the elongated
blocks districts. This kind of districts, represented by “Yi xingjia” historical district of Chaozhou, played crucial
roles in the layout of the whole city and also was of important significance on the function of urban spaces.
While Hutong of Beijing presents the sophisticated design of elongated blocks in the capital level, then this
study, through examining the urban block examples in Southeastern Chinese cities, articulates the clear
tendencyof expand and regular of the elongated blocks in the evolution of traditional Chinese city, ina
prefectural level. Furthermore, several arrangement types of the courtyard houses are summarized through
the urban fabric analysis. Such elongated blockswas interrupted by urban modernization in late imperial
time, since when the elongated urban blocks were occupied by increasinglychaoticand complicated
urbanfabric.
Key words: elongated urban block, Coastal Southeastern China, traditional Chinese city design, typology

123
Transformation of Urban Landscape from Roman to Early

Medieval periods in Jordan Decapolis
Lamia El-Khouri
Faculty of Archaeology and Anthropology
Yarmouk University
Abstract
The region of northern Jordan experienced extensive occupation throughout the different historical periods.
The most extensive was in the period between the 2 nd and the 8 th centuries AD.
In the Roman period, a number of cities were established in the region, these cities evidenced a great
prosperity characterized by a process of urbanization that reached its peak in the 2 nd and 3 rd centuries AD.
This paper will clarify how the urban landscape of the most important Roman cities changed through the post
Roman periods, until the 8th century AD. Archaeological evidences will be presented.

124
The relation between Public buildings and residential tissues.

Recent developments of the Muratorian school
N. Marzot
Faculty of Architecture – TU Delft Polytechnic
Email:N.Marzot@tudelft.nl
Abstract
The recent publication of “Lettura dell’edilizia specialistica” (2011), by Gian Luigi Maffei and Mattia Maffei,
successfully leads to a conclusion a long lasting tradition of urban form and building type analysis and
design method, whose inception steps back to the famous “Lettura dell’edilizia di base” (1978), already
translated into English, French and Spanish, by Gianfranco Caniggia e Gian Luigi Maffei.
On that occasion the authors mainly focused on the developing process of residential buildings, to
demonstrate the existence of a typological process according to which residential units developed over
space and time, up to the XIX century, conceptually and materially transforming already existing basic
structures into more complex configurations.
The ultimate research shifts its interest to the topic of the Public Building. The main aim is to demonstrate
that Public Building similarly developed by transforming already inherited configurations, assuming the
residential system as their reference. On one side, if this results can deeply highlight the historical city inner
degree of internal coherence, on the other it undoubtedly gives us important hints to understand
contemporary production and to interpret its underlying design theory in the disciplinary field of Institutional
Buildings.
The paper aims at presenting both the aspects, tempting to bridge the historical analysis to the present
time design challenges.
Key Words: Public Buildings, processual typology, building tissues, Muratorian approach.

125
Development of a commercial building site selection

framework for minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and
energy consumption
Brent A. Weigel
Ph.D. Candidate, Graduate Research
Assistant School of Civil &
Environmental Engineering
790 Atlantic Drive Atlanta,
GA 30332-0355
brent.weigel@gatech.edu
(770) 500-0249
Abstract
In urbanized areas, building and transportation systems generally comprise the majority of greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions and energy consumption. Realization of global sustainability depends upon efficiency
improvements of building and transportation systems in the built environment. The locations of building sites
have significant influence on the built environment’s energy and GHG emissions efficiencies. Thus, the
decision point of site selection and conceptual design for buildings represents a critical opportunity for
minimizing life cycle GHG emissions and energy consumption. Green building design and rating frameworks
provide some guidance and incentive for the development of more efficient building and transportation
systems. However, current frameworks are based primarily on prescriptive, component standards, rather than
performance-based, whole-building evaluations. This paper will present the initial development of a
commercial building site selection evaluation framework for the minimization of GHG emissions and energy
consumption of transportation and building systems. The framework development examines multiple
dimensions of building site location efficiencies: thermal loads on the building envelope, lighting loads,
material use/reuse, site biomass carbon sequestration, and transportation to/from the building site. The
evaluation framework is applied to case studies of commercial office developments in the Atlanta, GA
metropolitan area. The expected findings are that whole-building energy and GHG emissions are sensitive to
building site location, and that site-related transportation is a significant component of performance. The
framework and findings will be used to support the development of quantitative performance evaluations in
green building design and rating systems.
Key words: Green building, transportation sustainability, climate change mitigation, smart growth, building
performance metrics.

126
Morphologically Informed Building archetypes: Mapping

Emissions through Urban LiDAR Data
A. Christen M. Van der Laan

Department of Geography,University of Department of Geography, School of
British Columbia Architecture and Landscape
Architecture University of British
O. Bergeron Columbia
Ministère du Développement durable de
l’ Environnement et des Parcs I. Strachan
Department of Natural Resource Sciences Department of Natural Resource
McGill University Sciences McGill University
B. Crawford J. A. Voogt
Department of Geography, Department of Geography
University of British Columbia University of Western
Ontario
T. R. Tooke
Department of Geography,
University of British Columbia
Abstract
Although models to quantify carbon emissions in urban areas exist, they are within isolated disciplines, and are
targeted at specific scales, emissions processes, and end-users – not a priori compatible with planning needs.
Furthermore, the majority of existing models rely on inventory data, which is typically only available at
aggregate space and time scales. It is necessary however, that neighborhood-scale carbon emissions
estimates are provided to determine the key relationships between urban form and emissions - which can than
be applied to future planning strategies. Neighbourhood-scale differences such as changes in urban
morphology have been shown to have a large influence on building energy performance but characterization of
this morphology has posed a serious challenge. The advent of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data in
urban areas provides significant promise in facilitating the spatial data needed for context-sensitive emissions
estimates. This paper presents a methodology to integrate LiDAR data, building simulation software and a
building typology database. Building archetypes are derived, evaluated and associated with site-specific
climatic variables. The surrounding urban morphology is accounted for through automated image processing
algorithms and linked to augment thermal, lighting and ventilation requirements. This approach has been
validated against direct carbon emissions measurements at the neighbourhood-scale - performing within 10%.
Spatial and temporal carbon emissions estimates are presented for an urban-transect gradient in Vancouver,
Canada.
Key words: Urban morphology, building typology, LiDAR, Building Performance Simulation Carbon emissions
modeling

127
Urban Surface Temperatures and Urban Form
J.A.Voogt E.S. Krayenhoff

Department of Geography Department of Geography
University of Western Ontario University of British Columbia
javoogt@uwo.ca
519-661-2111 x85018
Ivan Lee
University of Western Ontario
Abstract
Surface temperature in cities is important for prediction of energy demand, thermal comfort and air pollution
dispersion, and it is strongly modulated by the urban form. The effects of urban form on surface temperature
can be observed using high resolution thermal remote sensing. Alternatively, detailed numerical models allow us
to represent the variations of urban surface temperature that arise due to the small scale structure of the urban
form.
Here we report the results of a three-dimensional modelling study that investigates how temperatures of a
simplified urban surface vary with some key measures of urban form, including: the plan area fraction of
buildings, the building-height-to-spacing ratio, the street orientation and latitude. We derive several area-
weighted surface temperatures of relevance to applications, each of which include different components of the
urban surface. By combining our modelled surface temperatures with a sensor view model we also compare the
true temperature of our simplified urban surface to that which would be measured from a remote sensor onboard
an aircraft or satellite. These remote sensors yield results that depend on their particular viewing position with
respect to the urban surface and the Sun. Results show the angular variation in remotely-observed urban
surface temperature varies from 2-3°C for residential and light industrial zones and up to 8-10°C for built-up
commercial zones. Such variation may place important constraints on the use of remotely sensed urban surface
temperature for some applications.
Key words: urban form, surface temperatures, urban climate, remote sensing of urban surface temperatures,
numerical modeling of urban climate

128
The influence of spatial organization on biothermal conditions

of urban areas
Krys Blazejczyk Beata Adamczyk

Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization
Polish Academy of Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences
00-818 Warszawa, Twarda 51/55, Poland
k.blaz@twarda.pan.pl Jakub Szmyd
+48-22-69-78-910 Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization
Polish Academy of Sciences
Anna Kunert
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Pawel Milewski
Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization
Magda Kuchcik
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization
Jarek Baranowski
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization
Abstract
The majority of the Polish population lives in urbanized areas. Polish cities are under great pressure of
planning new residential districts. Developers, architects and landscape architects propose not only new
technical solutions but also a new philosophy of organization of space. The general idea of urban planners
is to make cities more friendly and less stressed. Residential areas should also create optimal conditions
for daily outdoor recreation of elderly people and children. The aim of the paper is to present how various
types of urban spaces create biothermal conditions, and how they influence people both physiologically and
psychologically. The results of several bioclimatic studies dedicated to planning of urban spaces will be
discussed. The study has been performed at various scales. We start from individual residential districts
with various types of organization of space (1:1000) through relatively small recreational and health resorts
(1:10 000) up to entire large cities (e.g. Warsaw, Kraków, 1:25.000). We will try to quantify the role of
particular urban components in creating biothermal conditions. Special attention will be paid to building size
and orientation, trees and green carpets as well as small forms of architecture. We have also found that
general environmental conditions (e.g. relief, natural vegetation, hydrology, city surroundings) must be
taken into consideration in planning of specific areas or micro regions. The GIS was applied for spatial
analysis of biothermal conditions in studied areas.
Key words: urban bioclimate, sensible climate, urban planning, small architecture forms

129
Numerical study of the relation between traffic noise and urban

density and form
Erik M. Salomons Meta Berghauser Pont

Urban Environment department TNO Delft Van Faculty of Architecture Delft University of
Mourik Broekmanweg 6, 2628 XE Delft, the Technology Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, the
Netherlands erik.salomons@tno.nl +31 Netherlands M.Y.BerghauserPont@tudelft.nl +31
888668017 15 2789020
Abstract
Traffic noise in cities has serious effects on the inhabitants of the cities. Well-known effects are annoyance
and sleep disturbance, but long-term health effects such as cardiovascular disease have also been related to
traffic noise. Consequently, traffic noise is an important environmental factor considered in urban planning.
The layout of buildings and streets in an urban area determines the spatial distribution of traffic noise in the
area. To asses the impact of traffic noise in an urban area, one commonly calculates a noise map for the
area and derives noise impact parameters, such as numbers of annoyed or sleep-disturbed people, from
noise levels at facades of dwellings. The noise maps are calculated from detailed data for buildings and
streets, and the calculations are often quite time-consuming. In this paper we explore possibilities for
developing empirical relations between traffic noise impact parameters and urban density and form. Such
relations are useful for performing rapid traffic noise impact assessments for different urban scenarios, for
example as a preparation for detailed noise mapping calculations for a selected set of urban scenarios. The
concept of urban traffic elasticity is used to relate local population density to local vehicle kilometers driven
on the urban road network. The concept of Spacematrix is used to represent urban density and urban form,
in terms of floor space index (building intensity), ground space index (building coverage), and street network
density. Calculation results are presented for the city of Amsterdam and for various simulated urban areas,
with different layouts of building blocks and streets.
Key words: traffic noise, urban density, spacematrix, health impact

130
Proper Urban Morphology in Local Wind Conditions
Yang Yang Hu Xiaoxuan

School of Architecture School of Architecture
Nanjing University Nanjing University
HanKou Road 22 HanKou Road 22
Nanjing 210093, P. R. China Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
yangyangarchi@gmail.com likooy@hotmail.com
86‐158 9587 3936 86‐152 5099 8016
Cheng Min Zhao Han

HanKou Road 22 HanKou Road 22
Nanjing 210093, P. R. China Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
lapple1226@hotmail.com zhaohan1226@hotmail.com
86‐159 5198 6718 86‐139 2142 6331
Abstract
Study of urban form increasingly focuses on microclimate in city environment, and wind conditions is
important in it. This subject studies the relationship between reliable wind conditions people experience
outdoor and urban morphology, thus important to city energy consuming. Former study is limited to pure
blocks rather than real building typeswhich with little value in actual evaluation.
So ,Urban designer should provide appropriate forms based on the study of the character of the local
climate .And This paper aims at studying the urban forms in hot and humid areas like in city of Nanjing
,where the monsoon is the main factor to influence the microclimate.
By computer simulating, wind conditions in a certain place at a certain scale can be drawn easily .At first
the scale would be chosen carefully in order that the drawings could give us enough information to
represent a certain type of urban morphology but not too big to calculate. In this way , a series pattern of
urban fabric can be drawn to represent a “wind map” in districts of Nanjing city. In these maps , we can
judge how the microclimate in city blocks is influenced by wind conditions, then give evaluations about how
does an urban form perform in energy consuming. At last ,we could conclude that what proper urban
patterns would be like in Nanjing as to be principles of future design.
Key words: Urban morphology, local wind conditions, micoclimate, hot and humid areas, Nanjing

131
Examining the Influence of the Built Environment on

Cyclists’ Personal Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air
Pollution
Matthew J Maltby Jason Gilliland

Urban Development Program, Department of Urban Development Program, Department of
Geography Geography
University of Western Ontario,London, Canada University of Western Ontario,London, Canada.
jgillila@uwo.ca
519-661-2111 x81239
Abstract
The health impacts of exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) conflict with the health
benefits of commuting by active transport. This is of special concern to commuting cyclists as they are often
near air pollution generating traffic and respiring at an elevated rate. Long-term and short-term exposure to
PM2.5 has been implicated epidemiologically in numerous cardiovascular and respiratory ailments.
Personal exposure studies are critical as single-site ambient monitors do not adequately capture
environmental variations and consistently report lower pollution measurements. Participants were equipped
with a GPS and a portable device which measures PM2.5 both recording at one second intervals. Five
routes totalling approximately 50km were cycled during the morning commute for 5 days across the city
bicycle network in a midsized Canadian city (London, ON). GIS was employed to spatially analyze over one
3
hundred thousand pollution data points. This study found that mean individual exposure of 22.8µg/m was
3
significantly greater than mean hourly ambient measures of 12.88µg/m (p = 0.03). Although atmospheric
conditions such as wind direction (r = 0.72) were found to correlate with daily personal exposure to PM2.5,
intraurban variation was still present in the data normalized to control for temporal meteorological effects.
This study aims to be the first to incorporate elements of the built environment, such as the presence of
street trees, traffic volume, land use, urban morphology (e.g. block length, distance to nearest intersection),
and land uses into a regression model in order to account for the variation and hotspots of PM2.5.
Keywords: Built environment, Air pollution, cycling, PM2.5, Land use regression, personal monitoring, GPS

132
Influence of Urban Morphology on Air Temperature Condition:

A Case Study of Eco-Township in Singapore
Nyuk Hien Wong Chun Liang Tan

Department of Building Center for Sustainable Asian Cities
National University of Singapore National University of Singapore
Steve Kardinal Jusuf
Center for Sustainable Asian Cities

National University of Singapore
steve.kj@nus.edu.sg
(+65) 6516 4691
Abstract
Buildings in cities influence the urban climate in many ways, such as replacing softscape (trees, grass and
soil) with hard surfaces (asphalt and concrete); replacing the rounded, soft shapes of trees and bushes with
blocky, angular buildings; releasing antrophogenic heat from the buildings, air conditioning systems; and
preventing surface infiltration due to efficient disposition of rain water in drains, sewers and gutters. The
temperature varies according to the surrounding urban morphology settings. For example, the area close to
a large urban park has a lower air temperature than the area that is surrounded by high rise buildings
Hence, the air temperature of a point at a certain height level is a function of the local climate
characteristics, which deviates according to the surrounding urban morphology characteristics (building,
pavement and greenery) at a certain radius.
This paper will present the temperature mapping study, by means of proprietary simulation software,
STEVE, in an eco-township of Singapore comparing two different building massing strategies of the master
plan. The township is located at the coastal area, northern part of Singapore. A waterway runs in the
middle of the township for social and recreation activities. The first scenario is to simulate a master plan
with buildings that have constant heights throughout the township; meanwhile the second scenario
simulates the master plan with the buildings heights lower at the coastal and waterway areas. Preliminary
finding shows that during daytime, the air temperatures surrounding the buildings are cooler due to the
shading preventing direct solar radiation through the environment. However, the heat absorbed during the
day is released during night time, the urban heat island effect. The areas with dense vegetation have cooler
temperature throughout the day. The trees provide shading during daytime and evapotranspiration cooling
during the night.
Key words: Urban morphology, Air temperature, Temperature mapping, Eco-township, Singapore

133
Urban greenery as mitigation strategy for urban heat island in high

density commercial districts of Dhaka
Nyuk Hien Wong Marcel Ignatius

Department of Building Department of Building
Steve Kardinal Jusuf

Nabanita Islam Center for Sustainable Asian Cities
Department of Building National University of Singapore
National University of Singapore steve.kj@nus.edu.sg
Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the possibilities of introducing urban greenery to improve the thermal climate of the
commercial districts of the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh, a tropical region characterized by high density of
population and built up areas. Dhaka had a legacy of being a green city in the past. However, due to rapid and
unplanned urbanization, most of the greens were erased for the sake of development. However, there is still
possibility to revive the green heritage of the city. This research views the recently introduced Dhaka Building
Construction Regulation, 2008 as a prospective means to revive greenery in the high dense urban environment
of the city. The regulation mandates 25% of the plot to be absolute soil for the purpose of ground water
recharge. Nevertheless, it can be as well utilized for the purpose of tree plantation that will have positive effect
on the overall thermal environment. In view of that, a distinct commercial district was considered for studying the
thermal condition of the existing and the hypothetical situation configured according to the Building Construction
Regulation and with greenery. GIS and STEVE tool, a web based air temperature prediction model developed in
the context of Singapore has been used for studying the thermal environment. The validation of STEVE tool in
the context of Dhaka has been also tested through the field survey.The results showed how the new
construction rules might impact the existing heat island effect and what the scope of improvement is.
Key words: Urban Heat Island Effect (UHI), Urban greenery, Dhaka building construction regulation, 2008,
GIS, STEVE to

134
Exploring the relationship between street geometry and sky

view factor: a method to investigate the impact of urban form
on urban heat island
Cheng Min Yang Yang

Nanjing University Nanjing University Postal
lapple1226@hotmail.com yangyangarchi@gmail.com
86‐159 5198 6718 86‐158 9587 3936
Hu Xiaoxuan Zhao Han

likooy@hotmail.com zhaohan1226@hotmail.com
86‐152 5099 8016 86‐139 2142 6331
Abstract
Urban form, especially street geometry, is an important factor which affects urban heat island (UHI).Sky view
factor (SVF), a critical variable in influencing UHI, is often used to describe street geometry and provides
support for the study of how street geometry influences UHI. By now there are many tools to estimate SVF
value in street canyon. These tools generally use the elements which associate with street canyon to
calculate. But these elements cannot directly correspond to the geometric forms of the street such as street
width, building height, etc. which would be applied to urban plan or design. The objective of this paper is to
clarify the relationship between street geometry and SVF. Firstly, we establish a 3D building data model of
the central district area in Nanjing City, and analyze the corresponding SVF values which are calculated
through geographic information system (GIS)-based SVF evaluation, thus the parameters of street geometry
are extracted. Then a series of parametric data models and SVF values are generated to investigate the
parameters mentioned above in determining SVF values. Rhino grasshopper which linked to an ArcGIS-
embedded computer program is used to present the simulation approach. A chart of the parameters that
affect SVF value is generated. The study indicates the degree of the impact on SVF value from the
parameters of street geometry in different ranges. The study may provide some basis to conduct studies on
the relationship between urban form and UHI.
Key words: sky view factor (SVF), street geometry, urban heat island(UHI), rhino grasshopper,
geographic information system (GIS), parametric data model

135
Adapting cities to climate change: Manipulating urban form to

temper increasing temperatures
Catherine Dubois
École d’Architecture Université Laval
83 rue Aristide Maillol,
BP.10629, 31106 Toulouse
catherine.dubois.1@ulaval.ca
+33.625.29.23.40
Abstract
Climate change is a fact and cities will have to handle several growing risks, including increasing
temperatures. To limit those climate risks, urban form appears to be a key element to any city adaptation plan.
Indeed, the urban form has a strong influence on urban microclimate and may potentially exacerbate or limit
the urban heat island effect(UHIE). The aim of this study is to expose the development of a tool intended for
planners and decision makers regarding the efficiency of adaptation strategies that could be implemented to
minimize the UHIE. The tool uses various criterias based on urban morphology (shape, orientation, height and
density of buildings, percentage of green spaces, street layout, etc.) to convert existing city blocks into
simplified, analogous block types. Planners are then asked to test various adaptation actions on these blocks
(alteration of surface albedo, reduced street broadness, higher or lower building density, etc.) to evaluate their
capacity to moderate the thermal environment. The results appear in a comparative table to point out the most
relevant strategy and facilitate the decision-making process. Moreover they should allow the assessment of
urban form as a mean for cities to adapt to climate change.
Keywords : Climate change, Adaptation, Urban morphology, Urban microclimate, Decision making.

136
Urban morphology and building typology: Carbon emissions

estimates through LiDAR and building energy simulation
Michael Van Der Laan Ronald Kellett

Department of Geography & School of Architecture and Landscape
School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
Architecture University of British Columbia
vanderlm@interchange.ubc.ca Thoreau Rory Tooke
1-778-887-1132 Forest Resources Management
Andreas Christen
Abstract
Although models to quantify carbon emissions in urban areas exist, they are within isolated disciplines, and are
targeted at specific scales, emissions processes, and end-users – not a priori compatible with planning needs.
Furthermore, the majority of existing models rely on inventory data, which is typically only available at
aggregate space and time scales. It is necessary however, that neighborhood-scale carbon emissions
estimates are provided to determine the key relationships between urban form and emissions which can than
be applied to future planning strategies. Neighbourhood-scale differences such as changes in urban
morphology have been shown to have a large influence on building energy performance but characterization of
this morphology has posed a serious challenge. The advent of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data in
urban areas provides significant promise in facilitating the spatial data needed for context-sensitive emissions
estimates. This paper presents a methodology to integrate LiDAR data, building simulation software and a
building typology database. Building archetypes are derived, evaluated and associated with site-specific
climatic variables. The surrounding urban morphology is accounted for through automated image processing
algorithms and linked to augment thermal, lighting and ventilation requirements. This approach has been
validated against direct carbon emissions measurements at the neighbourhood-scale - performing within 10%.
Spatial and temporal carbon emissions estimates are presented for an urban-transect gradient in Vancouver,
Canada.
Key words: Urban morphology, building typology, LiDAR, Building Performance Simulation
Carbon emissions modeling

137
A generalized methodology for determining the increase in

total heat gain through building envelopes due to climate
change
Adrian Chong Nyuk Hiena Wong

School of Design and Environment School of Design and Environment
Singapore 117566, Singapore Singapore 117566, Singapore
bdgczma@nus.edu.sg
+65 96348653
Abstract
We present a generalized methodology for determining the increase in annual heat gain through external
building envelopes of commercial buildings due to climate change. 35 simulations were conducted, varying
several parameters simultaneously so that interdependencies between different parameters are accounted for.
The equations are valid for buildings having different wall and roof masses, window types, infiltration rates and
floor area. Appropriate coefficients for predicting the increase in external heat gain, total ventilation and
infiltration gain were derived based on local weather data in comparison with climatic conditions projected to
prevail in the years 2020, 2050 and 2080. The generalized equation presented can be employed by building
authorities to evaluate the performance of building envelope designs in adapting to climate change. The
methodology can also find its application in evaluating the impact of climate change on total heat gain into
buildings under different urban setting. Various measures can then be explored to mitigate or adapt to these
possible effects of climate change both at the micro or macro scale. The methodology is validated using IES’
(Integrated Environmental Solutions) building performance simulation software which uses the heat balance
method to perform hourly computations of cooling loads components over an entire year. Each of the
equations show high R• values ranging from 0.9652 to 1 when plotted against the actual increase in heat gain
obtained from computer simulations, signifying its accuracy in predicting the impact of climate change on total
heat gain through building envelopes of commercial buildings.
Key words: climate change, building envelope heat gain

138
Energy Consumption-based Urban Texture Analysis
Han Zhao Xiaoxuan Hu

Department of Architecture Department of Architecture
HanKou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China HanKou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
zhaohan1226@hotmail.com likooy@hotmail.com
86-13921426331 86-15250998016
Min Cheng Yang Yang

Department of Architecture Department of Architecture
HanKou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China HanKou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
86-15951986718 86-15895873936
Abstract
Energy consumption in the building is mainly effected by building design, the efficiency of building systems,
occupant behavior and urban texture. Study of the impact of urban texture on energy consumption is few
because the variation of energy consumption on urban texture is relatively small, compared to other three
factors. However, urban texture still tremendously affects energy consumption, thus it is necessary to study the
correspondence. This research focuses on discussing and assessing urban texture from the aspect of energy
consumption, with the aim to compare and establish the correspondence between urban texture and energy
consumption. In order to achieve this goal, urban texture is collected and classified into several types then
each type is evaluated with Lighting and Thermal model(LT model). Firstly, Nanjing city is selected as the
study sample, and grids of 500m*500m are added to Nanjing city map. Secondly, slices of urban texture are
collected from grids as many as possible and classified into several types according to different geometry form
of texture. Thirdly, with LT model based on digital elevation model in GIS, each type is evaluated from several
factors of urban texture, such as distance from the facade, orientation of the façade, urban horizon angle ,
obstruction sky view and so on. Finally, by comparing the energy value of each type, the correspondence
between the best form of urban texture and the smallest energy consumption is established. Results from this
work may direct urban form design from the aspect of energy consumption.
Key words: urban texture, energy consumption , Lighting and Thermal model, digital elevation model,GIS

139
Historical trends and the effect of land use in microclimate

variations in Glasgow, UK
Eduardo Kruger Rohinton Emmanuel

School of the Built and Natural Environment School of the Built and Natural Environment
Glasgow Caledonian University Cowcaddens Road Glasgow Caledonian University Cowcaddens Road
Glasgow G4 0BA Eduardo.Kruger@gcu.ac.uk 0141 Glasgow G4 0BA Rohinton.Emmanuel@gcal.ac.uk
331 3187 0141 331 3217
Abstract
The phenomenon of the urban heat island can be directly linked to anthropogenic changes to the natural
environment by buildings and paving. In addition, the loss of vegetation reduces the beneficial effect of
evapotranspiration and shading. Given its long urban history, Glasgow, UK, provides a historically significant
opportunity to study the local climatic changes brought about by urban growth, decline, changes to thermal
properties and the lack of vegetation in the street canyons of the city core. While warmer conditions within the
urban area may alleviate heating requirements in buildings during colder periods of the year, energy demand for
cooling may increase, especially if the urban warming is superimposed on global and regional warming trends,
leading to more frequent heat waves. This study investigates the changes in air temperature within the central
area of Glasgow relative to surrounding areas from data available at three different websites: the Weather
Underground network; the MIDAS Surface database provided by the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) and
historical data for Glasgow (climate normals), provided by the UK Meteorological Office. Three approaches were
used to evaluate Glasgow’s local climate change: observed temperatures in locations with different land cover
characteristics (using the Local Climate Zone concept (LCZ) of Stewart and Oke, 2009); traditional UHI approach
(i.e. differences between a rural and an urban site); and, finally, assessment of mean air temperature increases
based on climate normals for two time periods (average data for Paisley, near Glasgow Airport for 1961-1990 and
1971–2000).
Key words: urban climate, urban heat island, local climate zone

140
The urban form of the post carbon city: Towards an urban

sustainability
Teresa Marat-Mendes
DINÂMIA‐CET University Institute of Lisbon Av. Das
Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
teresa.marat-mendes@iscte.pt
Abstract
This presentation argues that the search for the Post Carbon City Urban Form should imply a change on the way
that urban planning recognises and operates over the urban metabolism of the city. That would have implications
at the urban form scale.
The study of urban form has been approached in different perspectives. It is at the urban landscape scale that
attention has been therefore focused on a more proactive manner. Wherein, two contributions should be
highlighted.
First, Jeremy Whitehand investigations on urban landscapes development, while focusing the debate on: Hhow to
apply urban morphology theory into practice? How can historical analysis of urban landscapes be incorporated into
the various processes of decision-making about conservation and development?
Secondly, Hildebrand Frey analysis on the precarious existing relationship of the city-country, while focusing the
debate on: How to integrate the existing structure of the entire city region, in order to work effectively for the
people and for the environment?
Bearing on Frey’s concerns, we aim to elucidate: What is the metabolic system of the pre-carbon city and that of
the carbon-city? And, what should be the metabolic system of the post-carbon city? Then, considering
Whitehands’s request, we aim to focus the debate on what would be the implications, at the urban form, if such
metabolic acknowledgement of the city would be achieved? Thus, highlighting the strategic opportunity of the Post
Carbon City to implement Urban Sustainability, and elucidate what has Urban Form to do with Urban
Sustainability.
Key Words: Urban Form, Sustainability, Urban Metabolism, Pre-Carbon City and Post-Carbon City

141
Regional Average Sky View Factor Analysis of Chinese Urban

Texture
Hu Xiaoxuan Zhao Han

likooy@hotmail.com zhaohan1226@hotmail.com
86‐152 5099 8016 86‐139 2142 6331
Cheng Min Yang Yang

Nanjing University Nanjing University Postal
86‐159 5198 6718 86‐158 9587 3936
Abstract
The intensity of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) depends strongly on the urban surface geometry, which can
be described by some parameters. Sky View Factor (SVF) is one of them. Researchers find certain urban
areas with high regional average SVF possess low UHI intensity. In China, it’s quite complex to take urban
texture samples for average SVF calculation, because the significant texture differences within one region
may make the average operation no meaning. This paper explores an approach to sample Chinese urban
texture and to make the average SVF calculation practicable under Chinese contemporary urban
condition. The research is based on the typology of urban texture and on the feature that SVF is
calculated though geographic information system (GIS). The whole urban area of Nanjing City is selected
for scanning. Firstly, the size of the samples is determined referring to the UHI map of the city. Then, two
dominant factors, the greatest difference between building heights and the average building height, are
defined to screen urban texture samples in 3D digital models. After that, the selected samples are
converted to digital elevation models (DEM) for average SVF calculation, in which different pixel resolution
levels are tested. The results are compared to the UHI map in return to check the accuracy of the screen
and average manipulation. Thus, it is feasible to calculate average SVF on Chinese contemporary urban
texture. The method could also be used for UHI prediction of urban design and for further researches in
urban microclimate environment.
Keywords: urban texture, average Sky View Factor, Urban Heat Island Intensity, geographic information
system，digital elevation model

142
Urban heat island: Dynamic simulation, assessment and

measuring mitigation in cities of extreme dry weather
Jorge Villanueva Solis

PhD Student
Autonomous University of Baja
California Bulevar Benito Juárez y
Calle de la Normal s/n Mexicali
B.C. México C.P. 21250
arqvillanueva@hotmail.com 011-52
(686) 566-42-50
Abstract
Increasing urbanization in the cities of northern Mexico reflects a general trend to increased temperatures,
so it is likely that heat waves amplify the frequency and intensity in urban centers, mainly located in arid
and semiarid as Mexicali city with extremely arid climate, very hot in summer and cold and rainy in winter.
Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico it’s located at N 32º 38' and W 115º 20'. The urban area is expanded
over 14,890 hectares, with a population rise the 640,000. In the last four decades has experienced an
accelerated industrial growth and mismatched land uses, for example: most of the industrial parks were
established before the 1980 in what was the outskirts of the city, but nowadays practically are inside of the
urban area contributing to the increase of the urban temperature. The heat islands profile shows that are
intensified in industrial areas as well as trade and services. The preliminary scenarios of climate change
for Mexicali indicate that for the decade of 2080 the temperature will increase between 4.2° and 4.4° C.
This paper addresses in a simulation context, an industrial and commercial city sector and their ability to
implement urban heat island mitigation strategies. The simulation of this process requires several spatial
analysis tools and specific knowledge about the processes that increase urban temperatures. In this work,
only land use, land cover and buildings are considered. The proposed method takes into account the
actual spatial organization to analyze trends for the proposed growth areas.
Key words: urban heat island; dynamic simulation, mitigation strategies, urban planning.

143
Une contribution à l’étude de l’impact de la forme urbaine sur

le microclimat urbain : variations de l’albédo effectif
Ons Ben Messaoud Marjorie Musy

Centre de Recherche Méthodologique Centre de Recherche Méthodologique
d’Architecture ENSA Nantes 6, quai d’Architecture ENSA Nantes
François Mitterrand – BP 16202 Nantes marjorie.musy@cerma.archi.fr
Cedex 2 ons.benmessaoud@cerma.archi.fr
+33 (0) 2 40 59 43 24
Résumé
La morphologie urbaine est un sujet de débat à tous niveaux (citoyens, politiques, scientifiques...) pour ses
différents impacts sur la vie en ville et sur l’environnement. Dans cet article nous nous intéressons à un de
ces impacts dans le contexte de la ville post-carbone : celui sur le microclimat et la consommation
énergétique. Notre étude consiste en l’estimation de l’effet de paramètres morphologiques sur l’albédo
effectif, qui est une mesure de la part du rayonnement solaire réfléchi vers le ciel par une surface urbaine.
C’est également un indicateur de la contribution de la forme urbaine à l’Ilot de Chaleur Urbain, phénomène
qui pourrait conduire à une récurrence de la situation sanitaire critique vécue en Europe l’été 2003.
Notre apport consiste en l’approche spécifique de l’effet combiné de la densité et de l’angle d’inclinaison des
façades, facteur qui rentre par ailleurs expressément dans les orientations récentes de conception
architecturale liées aux stratégies solaires (Brown et Decay, 2001; Knowles, 1999…). Au final, la tendance
de variation de l’albédo effectif en fonction de l’inclinaison des façades (tissu Plot) est prédictible malgré sa
complexité. Cela nous conduit à avancer une stratégie morphologique assurant un gain solaire pouvant être
exploité dans les zones de forte latitude.
Enfin, l’étude montre que la durabilité des aménagements urbains – considérés sous leurs impacts morpho-
microclimatiques – n’a de sens que si l’on considère, outre l’aspect formel, aussi bien les contraintes
physiques (l’hétérogénéité des matériaux de surface) que spatiales (l’orientation des surfaces) des tissus
urbains.
MOTS-CLÉS : densité, inclinaison des façades, albédo effectif, îlot de chaleur urbain, matériaux

144
Numerical simulation of the energy exchanges in a real urban

area with a 3D building resolving code
Yongfeng Qu
CEREA ENPC/ EDF R&D L. Musson-Genon
Chatou, Ile de France, France CEREA ENPC/ EDF R&D
yongfeng.qu@cerea.enpc.fr
+33 130877217
B. Carissimo
CEREA ENPC/ EDF R&D
M. Milliez
CEREA ENPC/ EDF R&D
Abstract
Knowledge of the surface energy balance is essential for understanding the boundary layer processes,
especially in urban area. It corresponds to the airflow response to the urban system thermal solicitations
resulting from radiative transfers and convective exchanges. In order to take into account atmospheric
radiation and the thermal effects of the buildings in simulations of atmospheric flow and pollution dispersion
in urban areas, we have developed a three-dimensional microscale atmospheric radiative scheme in the
atmospheric module of the 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code adapted to complex geometry.
The CFD model used in the simulation use a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach with a k-ε
turbulence closure. The radiative model, adapted from a scheme used for thermal radiation in combustion,
solves the radiative transfer equation in a semi-transparent media. It is adapted to atmospheric radiation and
complex geometry. The angular discretization uses the discrete ordinate method and the spatial
discretization is the same as the one used for the dynamics. The full coupling of the radiative transfer and
fluid mechanics models has been validated with idealized cases. In this work, we simulate surface
temperatures of a district of the city of Toulouse, in the South-West part of France, using as a first step, a
constant 3D wind field. We present the mesh developed for the city center and the simulation conditions for
the selected day of the campaign. The results are evaluated with the measurements from the CAPITOUL
(Canopy and Aerosol Particles Interactions in Toulouse Urban Layer) experiment, including brightness
temperature measured by airborne infrared thermograph.
Key words : urban energy models, 3D radiative transfer, CFD

145
Morphologie urbaine et consommation énergétique du bâti

résidentiel pour répondre aux objectifs de réduction des
émissions de gaz à effet de serre
Sébastien Dujardin Jean-Marc Lambotte

Université de Liège Université de Liège
1 Chemin des Chevreuils
B52, 4000 Liège 1 Jacques Teller
Belgique Université de Liège
Jacques.Teller@ulg.ac.be
France-Laure Labeeuw
Université de Liège
Abstract
Cet article présente une recherche relative à l’impact de la structuration du territoire sur les émissions de gaz
à effet de serre (GES). Particulièrement, il se focalise sur le lien entre morphologie urbaine et consommation
énergétique du bâti résidentiel. Nous abordons successivement les données et hypothèses concernant la
dynamique du parc bâti et sa caractérisation physique. La discussion se centre ensuite sur deux aspects : le
croisement entre variables morphologiques et consommation énergétique, ainsi que les poids spécifiques
des facteurs morphologiques et techniques influençant les consommations énergétiques.
Nous défendons ici une approche pragmatique, basée sur une connaissance fine des types d’urbanisation
observables sur le territoire. Notre analyse se base sur une modélisation de l’enveloppe de l’ensemble du
parc bâti résidentiel wallon, soit 1.300.000 bâtiments, croisant données cadastrales (âge et fonction),
photogrammétriques (emprise, hauteurs et mitoyenneté) et statistiques (variables techniques). Une telle
approche semi-empirique nous démarque clairement d’un discours de transformation radicale basé sur des
modèles théoriques, que nous jugeons mal adaptés à la réalité de nos territoires pour l’élaboration
contextualisée de processus d’action aptes à répondre aux défis climatiques.
La structure territoriale de la Wallonie est caractérisée par une dispersion importante de l'habitat en dehors
des pôles d’activités économiques et de services qui, combinée à une forte périurbanisation, développe des
tissus peu compacts. La région hérite, de plus, de deux caractéristiques peu compatibles avec les objectifs
de réduction d’émissions de GES: d’une part, un parc de bâtiments ancien qui techniquement évolue peu
malgré l’engagement de diverses politiques régionales de rénovation et, d’autre part, un faible taux de
substitution. Une piste semble néanmoins se dessiner en première analyse: celle de la remobilisation des
surfaces bâties existantes actuellement vacantes d’occupation.
Keywords: aménagement du territoire, bâti résidentiel, énergie, réduction des émissions de GES, Wallonie,
Belgique

146
Effet de la morphologie urbaine sur l’environnement lumineux

extérieur. Cas des zones arides et chaudes
Mr. Merouane Samir Guedouh Dr. Noureddine Zemmouri

Doctorant, Département d’Architecture Département d’Architecture
Université de Biskra Algérie Université de Biskra Algérie
Résumé
Cette présente recherche vise à définir les relations pouvant exister entre la morphologie urbaine et
l’environnement lumineux extérieur. Il est démontrer de manière convaincante que le taux d’éclairement reçu
ainsi que les ambiances lumineuses créées peuvent êtres incontestablement différentes d’un tissu urbain à
un autre dans un même contexte urbain et sous des conditions climatiques et environnementales identiques.
C’est sur la base de plusieurs compagnes de mesures dans trois tissus urbain différents de la ville de Biskra
(Sud Est Algérien) a savoir type traditionnel, colonial et contemporain que les auteurs déterminent une
lecture originale des ambiances lumineuses spécifique à chaque tissu basée sur la photographie numérique
en plus d’une évaluation quantitative exhaustive du taux d’éclairement horizontale des espaces extérieurs
(rues et ruelles). Une tentative de corrélation est établie pour pouvoir juger des effets de la multitude de
variables qui participent à la création de l’ambiance lumineuse urbaine.
Mots clés: Lumière naturelle, morphologie urbaine, tissus urbains , éclairement , photographie numérique,
ambiance lumineuse.

147
Morphological and functional attributes of the urban

environment and pedestrian movement in the city of Tel-Aviv
Yoav Lerman
Department of Geography and
Human Environment
Tel-Aviv University Genesin 4, Tel-Aviv ,
Israel
yoavlerman@gmail.com
+972-544406912
Abstract
The study examined pedestrian movement in the city from a geographical standpoint, focusing on the
relationship between the amount and spatial distribution of pedestrian movement and the urban
environment attributes. This study was based upon empirical examination in the city of Tel-Aviv/
In this study the urban environment effects on pedestrian volume was examined at two adjacent areas in
the center of Tel-Aviv. One area was built during the 1930's and is built upon traditional urban street
network and the adjacent area was built during the 1950's and is based upon a more modernized street
network. Correlation between pedestrian movement and urban environment physical-spatial attributes such
as the streets network and streets sections were studied. As part of the streets network spatial analysis the
research used the space syntax method. In addition, correlations between pedestrian volume and functional
attributes such as retail street fronts and bus stations location was also were studied. It was found that in
spite of the geographical closeness of these two areas, the pedestrian distribution in each correlated in
different ways – in one area the correlation was stronger with the spatial-physical attributes and in the other
area the correlation was stronger with the functional attributes.
The data was correlated using statistical means. It was found that in the earlier built area connectivity by
street name correlated with 82% of the pedestrian flow variance. In the more modern area the strongest
correlation with the pedestrian flow variance was with retail fronts.
Key words: pedestrian movement, space syntax

148
Understanding walkability : Case study in Stockholm,

Sweden
Eunyoung Choi
School of Architecture and Built Environment KTH
Royal Institute of Technology Östermalmsgatan 26,
SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden eychoi@kth.se +46
(0)76 231 94 45
Abstract
The focus on pedestrian-friendly environment has increased among urban planners and designers. Also,
with the aim of enhancing public health, ‘walkability research’ has been actively done with the preventive
medicine field, where the correlation between the built environment and physical activity has been explored.
Results from existing studies shows the importance of the urban environment on walkability and provides
evidence on correlation between different built environment attributes and walking activity. However, better
understanding of both the built environment factors and walking activity is necessary in order to improve the
measurement of the built environment attributes and to provide better knowledge on designing a walkable
environment.
This paper includes results from a case study in Stockholm, Sweden, an observation study of three
residential neighborhoods with the aim of understanding and developing ‘walkability’ in the Swedish
context. The walking behavior of residents was observed, and the data on walking behavior patterns and
pedestrian route choices have been analyzed in relation to different factors of the built environment. In this
paper, the discussion will mainly be on the three factors that existing walkability research has most
consistently proven correlation with walking: density, land-use diversity, and connectivity. Preliminary result
shows that these factors seem to influence the quantity or the quality of walking activity and suggests how
these factors could be dealt as a design problem. Also it suggests that the built environment attributes
influence the walking behavior differently according to type/aspect of the walking activity.
Key words : walkability, walking behavior, pedestrian, stockholm

149
Urban Maze: a Typological Investigation in Porous Morphology

Mirko Guaralda Elise Robertson
School of Design School of Design
Queensland University of Technology Queensland University of Technology
m.guaralda@qut.edu.au
2 George Street GPO Box 2434 Angela Barbeler
Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia School of Design
+61 (0)7 3138 2464 Queensland University of Technology
Anoma Kumarasuriyar
School of Design
Queensland University of Technology
Abstract
Mixed use typologies and pedestrian networks are two strategies commonly applied in the design of the
contemporary city. These approaches, aimed towards the creation of a more sustainable urban
environment, have their roots in the traditional, pre-industrial towns; they characterize urban form,
articulating the tension between private and public realms through a series of typological variations and
transitional spaces, which are aimed at increasing or improving the pedestrian accessibility as well as
stimulating commercial activity in the city centre.
Arcades, loggias and verandas are just some of the elements which can mediate this tension. Historically
they have defined physical and social spaces with particular character; in the contemporary city these
features are applied to deform the urban form and create a porous, dynamic morphology.
This paper, comparing case studies from Italy, Japan and Australia, investigates how the design of the
transition zone can define hybrid pedestrian networks, where a clear distinction between the public and
private realms is no longer applicable. Pedestrians use the city in a dynamic way, combining trajectories on
the public street with ones on the fringe or inside of the private built environment. In some cases, cities offer
different pedestrian network possibilities at different times, as the commercial precincts are subject to
variations in accessibility across various timeframes. These walkable systems have an impact on the urban
form and identity of places, redefining typologies and requiring an in depth analysis through plan, section
and elevation diagrams.
Keywords: walkability, urban heritage, typological research and design

150
Understanding the form of environments where adolescents

walk – or not: A comparison of walkability conditions in areas
surrounding eight Quebec City high schools
Michelle Ladd Chavez Nabila Bachiri
École d’architecture Université Laval Édifice du École d’architecture Université Laval
Vieux-Séminaire de Québec 1, côte de la
Fabrique, bureau 3234 Québec (Québec) Geneviève Vachon
G1R 3V6 CANADA École d’architecture Université Laval
midhelle-chavez.ladd.1@ulaval.ca
418 805 84 35
Carole Després
Sophie Boucher
Université Laval
Abstract
Today’s adolescents are more sedentary than ever. One hypothesis is that sprawl constraints walking and
biking, and increases dependency to motorized transportation (Bachiri et al, 2008). Studies indicate that
design features correlate with adults’ use of active transportation, such as streets connectivity, residential
density or services proximity (Frank et al, 2004). Less is known about what encourages adolescents to
walk. Also, most studies focus on the residential neighborhood, although more adolescents go to school
outside their home area (Bachiri et Després, 2010). This study is part of a larger one about the influence of
urban forms and uses on adolescents’ mobility. The results compare the morphological and functional
characteristics of eight Quebec City high school areas. The objective is to develop a walkability indicator to
be correlated with students’ level of active transportation around their school, as measured through Internet
and in-person surveys. These areas differ in terms of location (inner-city, suburban, exurban), morphology
and urban uses. After delimiting each area according to walking distances, physical features were
measured and indicators calculated, namely for streets’ connectivity, mix of uses, and accessibility to
shops, leisure activities and public transport. Among other things, comparing connectivity indicators
confirms that regular-shaped fabrics with more T-shaped intersections permit more continuous trips. In
terms of density and mix of functions, older areas offer more uses close to the school but the variety of
shops is sometimes limited. Accessibility to public transport is often a condition of permeability and the
proximity of bus stops to activity poles. Key words: active transportation, adolescents, walking and biking,
urban form, physical activity

151
A national study on the association among Metropolitan

Sprawling Index, active transportation and health: The case of
young adults
Bhuiyan M. Alam
Department of Geography & Planning
The University of Toledo
Toledo, OH 436063390
bhuiyan.alam@utoledo.edu
419-530-7269

Abstract
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends a minimum of 30 minutes moderate
intensity physical activity per day to live a relatively healthy life. Unfortunately, recent literature shows that
U.S adults in general and young adults in particular, are involved in low physical activity. There have been
several studies in the recent past to investigate the relationships between physical activity and health
status or physical activity and urban sprawl. Unlike such studies that focus on any two aspects, I
investigate the association among all three active transportation, sprawl, and health indicators of young
adults. I also explore the causal relationships among these variables. I use descriptive statistics for the
exploratory part and develop two models to investigate the causal relationships between the variables: one
with active transportation as the dependent variable (DV) and sprawl and health indicators as the
independent variables (IVs), while the other one with the health indicator like BodyMass Index (BMI) as the
DV and active transportation and sprawl indicators as the IVs. Because my DVs are categorical variables I
use Dichotomous Logistic Model while controlling for personal and household level sociodemographic
indicators. I use Waves III and IV of Add Health database of Carolina Population Center for active
transportation and health related indicators such as active transportation status, physical activity status,
BMI, and obesity status, and Smart Growth America (SGA) database for metropolitan sprawling indices for
83 metropolitan areas that SGA reports on. I find that metropolitan sprawling indices suggested by SGA
have significant impacts on active transportation of young adults. Conversely I also find that active
transportation and two of four metropolitan sprawling indices have significant impacts on BMI. The results
confirm existing popular belief that urban sprawling is a major problem that keeps young adults away from
being involved in active transportation that finally leads to high BMI and obesity.
Keywords: sprawl, active transportation, BMI, physical activity, young adults.

152
Do unfriendly pedestrian conditions discourage walking?

Comparing adolescents’ most commonly used paths in five
Quebec City high schools’ vicinities
Sophie Boucher Carole Després

École d’architecture École d’architecture
Université Laval Université Laval
sophie.boucher.2@ulaval.ca
(418) 656-2131, ext 6775 Geneviève Vachon
Nabila Bachiri
Université Laval
Abstract
If several studies have evaluated the extent to which young people walk from the house to the school and
around their house, much less is known about walking around the schools (Bachiri & Després, 2010). The
analysis presented is part of a broader study on adolescents’ daily mobility, with regard to the incentives
th
and limitations to walking in sprawled city (Després et al., 2009). Our analysis of an Internet survey to 4
year students in five high schools (n=173) shows that teenagers walk more in the vicinity of their school
than of their house. Their main destinations are commercial facilities, mostly food shops. This
communication is about the pedestrian quality of the walking paths used to reach these destinations. The
five high schools vary in terms of their more or less central locations, urban morphology and functions. The
first one is located in an inner-city neighborhood, characterized by an orthogonal street grid and mixed use;
the second, in a postwar suburban institutional enclave; the third one, in a neo-traditional neighborhood.
The fourth and the fifth ones are located in exurbia: the former, close to a power center; the latter, in a
former rural village. For each school, the most frequently used walking path was analyzed with criteria
adjusted from Ewing & Handy (2009): imageability, enclosure, human scale, transparency and complexity.
Our results show that poor pedestrian conditions do not discourage teenagers from walking to desirable
destinations, suggesting that strategically located commercial functions constitute an effective incentive to
walking.
Key words: active transportation, adolescents, high schools, spatial analysis, urban qualities.

153
Liveliness and walkability are not the same thing: The role of
the local-to-global urban scale
Julie Brand Zook
jbrand3@mail.gatech.edu
404-668-5546
Abstract
Research on urban walkability does not always make a clear distinction between design features
supporting walkability and those leading to a sense of urban liveliness. Walkability is provisionally defined
here to entail the opportunity for continuous movement across some distance; it therefore engages both the
local and global street networks. Urban liveliness, by contrast, can exist in isolated pockets that offer limited
support for physical activity.
A previous case study of Atlantic Station, a large, urban smart growth development in Atlanta, Georgia,
provided data indicating that even when local conditions are favorable to walkability, actual pedestrian
distributions may be sensitive to local-to-global discontinuities in street conditions and the street network
(Zook, Yi, Glanz, & Zimring, in press). The present work investigates local-to-global relations from a
morphological point of view, making a comparative assessment of how various morphological metrics,
including space syntax measures, describe the local-to-global scale. The Atlanta smart growth
development is used as a test case. The ultimate intention of assessing these morphological measures is
to provide relevant, practical guidance to designers and other decision makers involved in the creation of
walkable developments and communities.
Key words: walkability, smart growth, case study, metrics

154
Association between physical features of ‘urban form’ on

‘Pedestrianism’ as an index of ‘sense of community’, based on
New Urbanism principals (Case study: ‘Behesht’ neighborhoods
in Mashhad, Iran)
Mahdieh Aghili Hasanuddin bin limit

Associate Author Assoc. Prof. Dr. of Landscape & Urban Design
Faculty of Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment
UTM University, 81310, Skudai, UTM University, 81310, Skudai,
Johor Bahru, Malaysia Johor Bahru, Malaysia
amahdie2@live.utm.my b-hasanuddin@utm.my
Amir Kayal
Masters of Urban Design
Faculty of Built Environment
UTM University, 81310, Skudai,
Johor Bahru, Malaysia
kamir4@live.utm.my
Abstract:
Several domains of community design has been founded based on the inspiration that built environment
has the potential to develop sense of community (Talen, 1999). The purpose of the study was to determine
which urban form features positively contribute to pedestrianism as an index of sense of community.
Pedestrianism as a Sense of community’s index (Kim, 2001) was examined, each in terms of 11 distinct
aspects of the physical environment, through surveys as well as questionnaire and interviews with
residents. Linear regression model and content analysis were used to examine the association between
sense of community and physical aspects of the urban form.
The findings indicate physical features of urban form in Behesht neighbourhood leads to its residents’
perception of greater sense of community. Accordingly, pedestrianism’s elements had been stronger
among them. Public space, park and footpath, mixed use, street width, size of neighbourhood, block size,
streets trees and landscape as physical features of urban form have important role in sense of community.
Moreover, Behesht neighbourhood affords a rich variety of these, advancing pedestrianism and increasing
the likelihood of sense of community.
Key words: Urban form, Physical Feature, Sense of community, Pedestrianism, New Urbanism

155
Shopping centre morphologies: location, accessibility,

integration – A case study of shopping malls in Helsinki
and Tampere city regions
Sanna Iltanen Annuska Rantanen

Tampere University of Technology Tampere University of Technology
BOX 600, FIN-33101 Tampere BOX 600, FIN-33101 Tampere
sanna.iltanen@tut.fi annuska.rantanen@tut.fi
+ 358 (0)40 849 0447 + 358 (0)40 547 6607
Abstract
Cities consist of numerous networks that are strongly interconnected and shopping centres are also
inevitably part of this network structure. This study concentrates on shopping malls, their locations and
accessibility, with a focus on integration using a multi-scalar approach. Shopping malls will be analyzed on
building, neighbourhood and regional scales by combining typomorphological analysis and computable
morphological methods. The analyses of networks and flows reveal the hidden potentials that work as
driving force for urban development. We analyse physical and infrastructural networks; networks of
residential, production and consumption nodes, and flows of humans. The computational method combines
the concept of geographical potential with micro-scale network analysis. Micro-scale analysis scrutinises
the conditions for improving close scale qualities, outlining accessibility and visibility factors of shopping
mall surroundings based on a typomorphological study of a varied shopping mall typology. The
computational methodology can be utilized in order to find comparative advantages of locations and to
investigate sustainability of retail locations. Thereafter integration measures on close scale can be
assessed and implemented in the design process.
Key words: network analysis, geographical potential, micro scale modeling, shopping mall, typology,
morphology

156
Neighbourhood Design and Vehicle Travel:

recommendations for reduction of energy consumption
Francisco Alaniz Uribe Beverly A. Sandalack
Faculty of Environmental Design Faculty of Environmental Design
University of Calgary University of Calgary
2500 University Drive NW fcalaniz@gmail.com
Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 403 220 7527
Abstract
Automobile-dependent cities are equated with numerous issues, from sprawl and consumption of land, to a
decline in walkability and social connectivity, to an increase in the production of greenhouse gases (GHGs).
Transportation’s role in climate change has been estimated at 14% of the total (World Resources Institute,
2010), and various technological means to reduce GHG production have been proposed and instituted.
However, since other sectors, such as land use, are also implicated in climate change, technology alone is
not sufficient to address issues of pollution and global warming. Issues related to design, planning, social
factors, and policy development must also receive equal attention. A current project is analyzing travel
patterns in various neighbourhood designs in Calgary, Alberta, with the aim of understanding the
relationship between urban form factors, such as block pattern, land use distribution, edge conditions and
locational factors, and energy consumption and production of GHGs. The intent is to provide
recommendations to City policy makers, urban planners and designers, and the development industry
regarding aspects of neighbourhood design that will require fewer and shorter vehicle trips, thereby
decreasing energy use and greenhouse gas production. This project builds on earlier research regarding
neighbourhood form and walkability, and the factors involved in the size and quality of ‘walksheds’ and
‘drivesheds’, and their commonalities and differences, will also be discussed.
Keywords: neighbourhood type, vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), energy consumption, urban design

157
Comparative analysis of urban population densities and its

implications for transportation: new tools for an old debate
Craig Townsend, Ph.D.

Planning and Environment
1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, H 1255-27
Montreal, Quebec Canada H3G 1M8
townsend@alcor.concordia.ca
514-848-2424 ext. 5191
Abstract
The relationship between the spatial concentration of people (“population density”) and how those people
move around urban environments has been the subject of research for decades. Recently this topic has
risen in prominence as people have recognized that increasing densities could be a means of reducing both
energy depletion and environmental degradation. However, there are many debates concerning the
strength and measurement of the relationship between population density and movement. Some recent
disputes in the literature suggest that cross city comparisons are difficult because of the incompatibility of
data between studies, or between cities in comparative studies. Recent advances in computerized mapping
and the widespread availability of high quality satellite images greatly improve the prospects for further
advancing the research on this crucial topic. This paper seeks to explore new data collection techniques
and to examine the implications of the new data for resolving old debates. One debate concerns whether
Canada’s metropolitan densities are closer to those in sprawling urban areas in the United States and
Australia, or the more compact urban areas in Europe. Data was collected from 24 of Canada’s
metropolitan areas (comprising 4,163 census tracts), and used to compare average densities at the
metropolitan scale with those found in other studies in order to draw conclusions about the variation in
density measurement. The data was then used to re-examine the relationship between population density
and travel behaviour at both the metropolitan and sub-metropolitan scales.
Key words: Canada’s metropolitan areas, population density, transportation-land use linkages

158
How do freeways transform inner-cities and why should we

care?
Rushdia Mehreen Craig Townsend

Department of Geography, Department of Geography,
Planning and Environment Planning and Environment
Concordia University Concordia University
1455, de Maisonneuve Blvd. W.,
Montréal, Québec, Jochen A. G. Jaeger
H3G 1M8 Canada. Department of Geography,
Rushdia@gmail.com Planning and Environment
514-569-8234 Concordia University
Abstract
Freeways, limited-access high speed roadways, have long been considered as contributing to urban
sprawl, dispersed land-use and low density housing. However, clear and unambiguous connections are
difficult to establish. In Canada, variations can be found in the level of sprawl as well as the persistence or
growth of central city populations relative to the level of freeway provision. This study analyzes census
data, land-use data, and freeways to address the question: how much of the change in inner-city population
density between 1956 and 2006 can be explained by the presence of and proximity to freeways in a given
area? This research examines changes in population density, freeway length, and freeway density in over
200 census tracts in the inner cities (defined as the commercial core and the ring of surrounding residential
districts) of Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Quebec City, Ottawa, Edmonton, Winnipeg and Victoria.
Preliminary results show that over a fifty year period, aggregate inner-city population densities declined in
six cities but rose in Vancouver and Victoria, where urban freeways were close to non-existent or not as
prevalent. These findings contribute to our understanding of why building more freeways will reduce
population densities and contribute to sprawl, which leads to unsustainable land consumption and transport
energy use.
Key words: Population density, land use, sprawl, freeways

159
Analysis of accessibility at Moínhos de Vento Park in Porto

Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through space syntax
Methods.
Vanessa Casarin Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

Doctoral student, Architecture and Urban rtsaboya@gmail.com
Planning 55 48 3721 9797
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil Alina Gonçalves Santiago
vanessa.arq@gmail.com Program in Architecture and Urban
55 48 3334 7095 Planning
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Renato Tibiriça Saboya Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Architecture and Urban Planning alina.santiago@pq.cnpq.br
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 55 48 3721 9797
(UFSC)
Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the accessibility at Moínhos de Vento Park in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil, through Space Syntax Methods. The Park presents a particularity in their configuration: it is crossed
by an important road in the city, dividing it in two portions linked by a pedestrian path. Besides the two
portions of the park offer accessibility it occurs in a different way in each one of them due to the way it is
inserted in the urban pattern (west portion surrounded by streets while east not). It is believed that even
the segregation caused by the road crossing the park than the differences of the insertion of each portions
in the urban pattern makes the level of integration occurs in a different way, living the east portion less
integrated. The space syntax method applied for the analysis considered the integration and visibility Maps
designed in DepthMap Software. The paper is vinculated to a research conducted at Laboratory of
Informatics applied to Architecture (INFOARQ), and a discipline, from Post-graduation Program in
Architecture at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. The results confirm the east portion as less
integrated and shown the west portion more physically integrated in the highest part next to the streets and
more visual integrated next to the lake. All the Space Syntax results found confirm the way the park is
used and perceived by the population and show how certain urban morphologies conduct attitudes by the
population in relation to the cities.
Keywords: accessibility, space syntax, urban morphology

160
The segregation of space: relating urban form and public

transportation system in Goiânia, Brazil
Patrick Di Almeida Vieira Valério Augusto Soares de Medeiros

Doctorate Student Centro Universitário Unieuro
PPG/FAU/UnB Architect, Brazilian Chamber of Deputies
patrickdialmeida@yahoo.com.br medeiros.valerio@uol.com.br
Abstract
This paper discusses how present day public transportation system in the city of Goiânia – Brazil (founded
during the 1930´s, inspired in the garden city design, to be the new capital of the State of Goiás, at the
heart of the country) can be related to the segregation process which excludes the lower social class from
the urban core, where there is a higher availability of jobs and better income levels. It aims to answer the
question taking into account the investigation of configurational aspects (analyzed by means of Space
Syntax or The Theory of The Social Logic of Space) faced with the public transport network data in
Goiânia. The research considers the historical investigation of the city urban form in three distinguished
periods: (a) the original conception of its pilot plan in the 1930´s, (b) the turning point during the 1950´s,
when the city followed a Brazilian trend whose main feature was an unparalleled urban growth, which
caused a fragmentary and discontinuous urban grid, and (c) present day scenario, specially regarding the
transportation system. In order to achieve the results, urban grid configuration shifts were faced with
socioeconomic data and the main axes of the transportation system, intending to illustrate the close
relation between the grid layout and accessibility patterns. Results pointed a strong correlation between
the public transportation structure and spatial segregation, an aspect which foster the interpretation of the
spatial feature as a robust variable to maintain poverty ghettos inside the urban grid.

161
Au-delà de la forme urbaine, qu’est ce qui fait marcher les

adolescents? La contribution des destinations de commerce
alimentaire
Nabila Bachiri Université Laval

Groupe Interdisciplinaire de
Recherche sur les Banlieues _ GIRBa Marie-Hélène Vandersmissenet
Faculté d’aménagement, d’architecture Faculté d’aménagement, d’architecture
et des arts visuels, Université Laval et des arts visuels,
1, rue de la Fabrique, Québec (Qc), Université Laval
G1K 7P4, Canada
Nabila.bachiri@arc.ulaval.ca
Geneviève Vachon
418-656-2131#3602
Faculté d’aménagement, d’architecture
et des arts visuels,
Carole Després Université Laval
Faculté d’aménagement, d’architecture
et des arts visuels,
Abstrait
La mixité des usages a été identifiée dans plusieurs études comme un des facteurs contribuant aux
déplacements actifs des jeunes (Bachiri et Després, 2010). Cette communication
analyselesdestinationsdes adolescents et les modes de transport auxquels ils ont recours pour s’y rendre,
e
tels que rapportés dans une enquête Internet par173 élèves de 4 secondaire fréquentant cinq écoles de
l’agglomération de Québec.La spatialisation des lieux de résidence et de fréquentation scolaire des
répondants montre que près de cinq jeunes sur six habitent au-delà d’un rayon de 1 Km de leur école et
qu’unseulsur cinq s’y rend à pied, le choix de l’école s’appuyant plussur la présence d’un programme à
vocation particulière ou sur la bonne réputation de l’institution que sur la proximité de l’école avec la
maison.Au-delà de l’école et de la maison des amis, ce sont les centres commerciaux et les salles de
cinémaqui constituent les principales destinations des adolescents qui les fréquentent surtout en
automobile ou en autobus.Les destinations qui génèrent le plus de déplacements à pied,excluant se
rendre ou revenir de l’école ou encore se rendre à la maison d’amis,sont les commerces alimentaires
principalement les franchises de restauration rapide et les épiceriesmais aussi les centre commerciaux, les
restaurants, les dépanneurs et les pharmacies qui vendentaussi des produis alimentaires. La part occupée
par ces destinations augmente de manière significative dans le voisinage des écoles. Ces résultats
soulignentl’influence de l’étalement des fonctions résidentielles, éducatives et commerciales sur le faible
recours à la marche des jeunes ainsi quele rôle de la proximité de commerces alimentaires comme incitatif
à la marchemême si, paradoxalement, ils offrentune qualité d’aliments qui mérited’être évaluée pour son
apport nutritif.
Mots clefs : Adolescents, transport actif, étalement urbain, auto-mobilité, utilisation du sol, commerces
d’alimentation

162
Metropolitan density and energy efficiency: Multi-attribute

tradeoffs and their policy implications
Thomas A. Clark
Department of Planning and Design
University of Colorado Denver
P.O. Box 173364
80217-3364
tom.clark@ucdenver.edu
303.641.3678
Abstract
Of all the potential benefits of urban containment (sprawl limitation), energy efficiency is today preeminent.
Probing the density-efficiency relation is therefore an exceedingly high priority. Higher densities do indeed, it
is thought, tend in some settings to encourage energy efficiency by shortening trip lengths, fostering transit,
and enabling achievements in climate control. But such outcomes are problematic in the least, and where
they can be verified there is a price for their attainment. This price is found here to be predominantly
associated with two negative effects: (1) diminished housing affordability, and (2) increased near-term interior
roadway congestion. However, as will be shown, neither of these is a simple function of density. Nor is gain
in energy efficiency a necessary by-product of higher density. Multivariate cross-sectional analysis of 75
census-defined urbanized areas in the United States, including the 40 largest in 2000 affirms two essential
propositions: (1) housing affordability is inverse to population density, and (2) interior roadway congestion is
positively associated with population density. It follows then that as density rises and per capita interior
space declines, congestion will increase while affordability will diminish. So if housing affordability is inverse
to population density, and roadway congestion is positively associated with population density, then
affordability will be inverse to congestion. Urban energy efficiency’s two elements are ultimately expressed as
a complex function of density. The price for their attainment is weighed finally against the two off-setting
costs noted above. The calculus is then deployed to delineate an appropriate policy stance.
Keywords: Metropolitan form, energy efficiency, multi-local policy intervention, population density, interior
roadway congestion, housing affordability, multi-attribute evaluation function

163
Designing climate-compliant and compact urban structures for

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A contradiction in terms?
Ronald Eckert
Department of Urban Planning and Spatial Design
Brandenburg University of Technology
P.O. Box 10 13 44, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
ronald.eckert@tu-cottbus.de
+49-355-69-2078
Abstract
The urban structure of Ho Chi Minh City’s (HCMC) inner urban districts is dominated by the so called
“shophouse”, an individual row house type on a small and deep plot that is usually accessed just from one
narrow side and which traditionally provides space for income generation in the ground and living space in
the upper floors. As basic module these typology forms an orthogonal grid of blocks with double-row parcels.
With building heights between three and six floors, very high population and building densities of up to 80,000
inhabitants per sqkm and a floor area ratio of up to 600 are achieved. In applying common European criteria
for measuring sustainable urban forms, this urban pattern achieves most of the classic aims, like reduced
land consumption, mixed uses or short distances.
However, the lack of vegetation, standing surface water and evaporation areas, changes in thermal
properties of surface materials and human heat generation led to an overheating of these areas, the so called
“Urban Heat Island Effect”. Even today, this effect is noticeable in the inner city with up to 10 degrees higher
than the average temperature of the surrounding areas. Both, the ongoing urbanization and global warming
will intensify this effect in the future.
The paper resumes the controversial scientific discussion, whether a compact city is a key precondition for
designing sustainable cities or the projected global warming calls for more open and ventilation-compliant
urban structures. With the case of HCMC, the contribution focuses on the challenges to adapt the urban form
and presents findings for designing climate change adapted and energy efficient neighbourhoods. Generally,
climate responsive neighbourhoods call for a modified proportion of built-up and non-built surfaces.
Compared to current housing projects, the building density has to be increased on built-up surfaces, while
open spaces have to be designed as climate function areas. Particular emphasis is put on the orientation of
buildings to enhance local ventilation, the provision of sufficient vegetation to increase evaporative cooling
and shading effects and the integration of on-site rain water infiltration and harvesting.
Keywords: urban structures, urban development, adaptation, energy efficiency, climate change, Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam

164
Energy and urban morphology: A decision support tool for

urban energy paradox
Marion Bonhomme Luc Adolphe

Ecole Nationale Supérieur d’Architecture de Ecole Nationale Supérieur d’Architecture de
Toulouse Toulouse
83 rue Aristide Maillol, BP 10629 INSA de Toulouse
31106 Toulouse cedex 1, France 135, Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse
INSA de Toulouse Cedex 4, France
135, Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse luc.adolphe@toulouse.archi
Cedex 4, France
marion.bonhomme@toulouse.archi.
+33 6 50 24 71 56
Hassan Ait‐Haddou
Ecole Nationale Supérieur d’Architecture de
Toulouse
INSA de Toulouse
135, Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse
Cedex 4, France
hassan.ait‐haddou@toulouse.archi
Abstract
This paper describes a decision support tool for urban planners. Numerous research studies show that
energy consumed and produced in cities can be related to its morphology. Yet, the urban energy paradox is
defined as follows: on the one hand, the densification of cities reduces transportation and buildings
consumptions. On the other hand, this densification has a negative impact on urban microclimate and
renewable energies potential. The goal of this work is to develop a decision support system for urban
planners faced with urban energy paradox. Our research is based on a previous work developed by Luc
Adolphe et al. in the SAGA Cités project. This research led to the development of the geographic information
system (GIS) platform called MORPHOLOGIC, which, among other things, evaluates the energy
consumption of city blocks. Our goal is to add new features in MORPHOLOGIC: one of them calculates solar
potential (photovoltaic and thermal), using a simplified model of shadows. The new version of
MORPHOLOGIC called MUSE will allow urban planners to evaluate the best urban form to reduce GHG
emissions.
Keywords: energy consumption, renewable energy, urban form, decision support system

165
What Urban Forms for the Post-Carbon City?
Teresa Marat-Mendes Vitor Oliveira

ISCTE-IUL FEUP – CITTA
University Institute of Lisbon, DINÂMIA-CET vitorm@fe.up.pt
Av. Das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, +351 964529957
Portugal
teresa.marat-mendes@iscte.pt
+351 917095126
ABSTRACT
Throughout history the urban form of the cities have been affected by continuous processes of change. This
presentation focuses on the need for further research on the evaluation of the urban form of our cities in order
to improve their built environment.
It is our strong believe that the search for the post carbon city should embrace a good basis of historical
account of urban form performance, while recognising the environmental issues as essential parameters for
this evaluation.
In order to respond to such proposal, this presentation shall be organised in two mains parts. The first one
comprehends, and accounts for, urban planning theoretical concepts that have supported the evolution of the
city throughout history. With this, we hope to characterise each phase of history, considering both planning
proposals and the resulting urban forms. With the second part, we aim to develop a comparative analysis
among these phases of history, and the respective urban morphologies, and proceed to an account of urban
form performance, wherein regarding environmental issues. A selection of cities should be introduced in
comparative manner in order to better explain a greater variety of urban form solutions versus its performance;
and exhibit the principal findings of this investigation.
Key words: urban form, sustainability, urban morphology, post-carbon city

166
Bioclimatic urbanism and regional design Portugal: The Atlantic

and the Mediterranean contexts
Maria Rosália Guerreiro Israel Guarda

Dinâmia-CET / Department of Architecture and Department of Art History
Urbanism Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Lisbon University Institute Av. Berna, 26-C,1069-61 Lisbon
Av. Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon Portugal
Portugal israelguarda5@hotmail.com
rosalia.guerreiro@iscte.pt
Abstract
The subject of the present work is the study of the relationship between the city shape and its geographical
and climatic context. This is a very important feature of the Portuguese city. The Iberian Peninsula comprised
by Spain and Portugal belongs to very different environments: the Atlantic and Mediterranean sea. This
position is responsible for a series of highly contrasted regions. The external forces presented in each region,
influence the shape, location and orientation, not only of individual buildings but of whole villages in such a
way that we can identify patterns of construction in different natural regions. There is in fact, a remarkable
correspondence between climate and urban type which is useful to identify for planning the different regions.
The legacy of industrial city, as in other parts of the world, has changed this close connection between
geography and architecture, with consequences not only in environment but especially for the identity of urban
spaces. Bioclimatic urbanism is not just a question of sustainability or survival. It is also a question of local
identity and variety. There is in fact a relationship between cultural process and environment responsive which
we can learn from the structures of the past
– the pre-industrial city. We believe that the reinterpretation of the traditional city patterns forms a language
which can be used as a design process for recovering urban landscape.
Keywords:Regional design; bioclimatic urbanism; environmental response

167
Continuity of civic ideals, urban form & sustainability - An

exploration and understanding of their relations
Mohammad Ariful Alam

Department of Architecture
American International University – Bangladesh
(AIUB)
Campus 7, House 23, Road 17, Kemal Ataturk
Avenue, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
m.arif@aiub.edu
880 2 8814471 ext. 800
880 1819527689
Abstract
Every city needs to adapt the changes that evolve from the need of accommodation of human activities. These
accommodations often result in changes in urban form and layout. The transformation of urban form is
inevitable but the question is how can the changes be adapted to sustain overall well being and livability of
urban life? The tremendous expansion and dispersed development of contemporary urban areas manifest a
discontinuous development and raises questions about livability of urban life. The research claims that if it is
possible to reconcile the civic ideals that have been evolved through ages of human efforts will ensure the
overall sustainability by expanding the longevity of urban layout and form. The investigation reinforces the idea
that the civic ideals and concepts that were evident in early urban forms could play important role in the
process of urban transformation and influence the living condition of the built environment.
The research conducts a comprehensive morphological study (based on both archival and empirical data) in
Melbourne CBD to investigate the degree of continuity of urban form and its impact on the quality of living
condition. The morphological investigation illustrates how the proposition of continuity influences sustainability.
The research urges for an integration of the proven concepts of early civic ideals and new innovations to cater
for future needs which would be able to adapt and facilitate each other, unlike the confusion that arose during
the modernist movement.
Keywords: Continuity, Civic Ideals, Urban Form, Sustainability, Morphological Study, Urban
Transformation

168
Persistence, adaptation, life cycle: conceptualising

sustainable urban form?
Peter J Larkham David Adams

Birmingham City University School of Property, Construction and Planning
peter.larkham@bcu.ac.uk Birmingham City University, Perry Barr, Birmingham
B42 2SU, UK
Abstract
Ideas of the persistence of particular urban forms have a long history in urban morphological thought. M. R. G.
Conzen noted the longevity of street patterns in comparison to plot patterns and buildings, for example. Not
only do persistent forms represent the investment and ethos of past societies, but it could be argued that
retaining them contributes to sustainablity through minimising resource use in replacing them. However, there
are also studies of the rapidity of change particularly in urban central areas, and of catastrophe forcing change.
This paper explores issues of the persistence and adaptation of some urban forms, focusing on the central
business district of Birmingham, UK. Much of this is now protected as a conservation area, and some of its
forms have persisted for centuries. Yet there have been periods of rapid change. Identifying areas and
periods of slow and rapid change allows discussion of the dynamics of change; and this informs exploration
of the potential contribution of longevity of form to sustainability. The ‘ideal’ sustainable urban form for a
greenfield site may be very unsustainable – impracticable and unaffordable – in an urban context.

169
« Damn you, keep your eye on the ball! »
Catherine Maumi
Architecte, docteur de l’EHESS, HDR
MA, Directeur d’études
Laboratoire Les Métiers de l’Histoire de l’Architecture
Ecole nationale supérieure d’architecture de Grenoble
60 avenue de Constantine – BP 2636
38036 Grenoble Cedex 2
Tel : 33 4 76 69 83 39 / Fax : 33 4 76 69 83 38
Catherine.maumi@grenoble.archi.fr
Résumé
Lutter contre l’« invasion métropolitaine américaine », telle que définie par Benton MacKaye – c’est-àdire
comme une « intrusion maligne » sur le territoire, physique, culturel, américain –, impliquait d’engager
une action allant au-delà des grands plans métropolitains jusqu’alors envisagés, pour tenter de concevoir
l’environnement dans sa globalité. Réaliser un tel projet supposait toutefois, pour MacKaye, d’inventer
une nouvelle science : la Geotechnics, c’est-à-dire, « la science appliquée s’attachant à rendre la terre
plus habitable ». La « Geotechnics concerne l’habitabilité », expliquait MacKaye, étant entendu qu’« il y a
trois sortes d’habitabilité : I, physique, II, économique, et III, sociale ». Sommes nous si éloignés de nos
préoccupations actuelles ? Une telle approche ne trouve-t-elle pas quelques résonances dans le débat
contemporain, focalisé sur l’idée d’un développement « soutenable » de nos territoires habités ?
Une région ne pouvait être définie, selon ces principes, qu’en prenant en compte les caractères relatifs
aux trois conditions d’habitabilité. Un tel projet supposait d’intégrer, dans une même pensée, les
données géographiques, économiques, sociologiques, culturelles, naturelles, les progrès techniques ou
d’ingénierie réalisés. Tels sont les fondements du Regional Planning, aux Etats-Unis, défendu au cours
des années 1920-30 par les membres de la Regional Planning Association of America. Un idéal
d’alliance entre ville et nature, industrie et agriculture, dans lequel l’espoir était fondé de voir se réduire le
pouvoir d’une métropole inhumaine, corrompue. Il s’agissait donc de lutter contre sa prolifération en
mettant en œuvre un mode de développement respectueux de cette « balle », la Terre, que nous ne
pouvons perdre de vue, ne serait-ce qu’un instant.
Key words: environment, regional planning, nature, habitability

170
Chrono-urbanisme : la clé d’une ville augmentée

Luc Gwiazdzinski
Géographe, Laboratoire Pacte-Territoires
Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble
Luc.gwiazdzinski@ujf-grenoble.fr 00 33
643716944
Résumé
La communication propose d’utiliser la clé des temps et de développer une approche chronotopique pour
penser la ville post-carbone. Les enjeux de la métropole de l’après-Kyoto nécessitent la prise de
conscience du concept de ressource et le passage d’un compte d’exploitation économique à un bilan
sociétal. Or trois données vont évoluer de manière importante dans le siècle en cours : l’énergie,
l’espace et le temps. Les leviers locaux sur l’énergie sont relativement faibles, mais les technologies
évoluent et la prise de conscience se développe à différentes échelles. La ressource en espace est de
plus en plus limitée. On parle beaucoup de « faire la ville sur la ville » et de diminuer les déplacements
mais force est de constater que nos agglomérations continuent à s’étendre et à consommer espaces
naturels et agricoles. Il reste donc la ressource temps qui peut composer avec les deux autres et met
l’homme au cœur des débats. Elle peut composer avec les ressources fondamentales de l’énergie et de
l’espace pour faire émerger une nouvelle organisation spatiale et fonctionnelle de la métropole, un
chrono-urbanisme qui permette d’imaginer des formes inédites de régulation d’une ville malléable. A
travers la polyvalence et la modularité des espaces publics, des bâtiments et des quartiers la
communication met en avant l’écologie des temps qui permette de trouver le bon tempo de la ville post-
carbone. C’est aussi une nouvelle morphologie malleable, des bâtiments multiservices, l’invention d’un
design urbain adaptable, le développement d’une nouvelle ergonomie, d’une information et d’une
signalétique adaptables en fonction des temps et usages différenciés de l’espace public. C’est aussi des
professionnels et des outils techniques de gestion pour une ville augmentée.
Mots-clés :Temps, polyvalence, modularité, rythmes, chrono-urbanisme, chronotopie

171
Ville historique et développement durable : les

« écoquartiers » du XIXe siècle à Bordeaux
Chantal Callais,
Architecte, docteur en histoire de l’architecture
Enseignante-chercheur, équipe de recherche
GEVR (Ministère de la Culture)
École nationale supérieure d’architecture et de
paysage de Bordeaux
740 cours de la Libération - BP 70109 - 33405
Talence cedex
chantal.callais@bordeaux.archi.fr
T 33 (0)5 57 35 11 00
Résumé
Bordeaux a été reconnue Patrimoine mondial par l’Unesco en 2007. Le périmètre protégé comprend
e
de vastes quartiers de maisons individuelles mitoyennes construits entre la fin du XVIII siècle et
l’Entre-deux-guerres. Au-delà de l'intérêt patrimonial, qui sanctifie un « art local de l’habiter », on peut
voir dans cet urbanisme une référence pertinente pour nourrir les réflexions contemporaines sur le
logement et sur la ville durables selon plusieurs points de vue : La procédure simple et courante du
lotissement peut être interprétée sous des formes variées, potentiellement denses et cohérentes. La
densité de ces quartiers est équivalente à celle des « grands ensembles ». Ils sont donc économes
en espace et autorisent une réelle vie urbaine par leur densité (économies en transports). Un
pourcentage important du sol est planté (30%); derrière les façades s’étend une surface de jardins
exceptionnelle. La rue comme espace de référence commun à tous les bâtiments offre un potentiel
de mixité sociale et fonctionnelle. Le confort de vie dans ces maisons est favorisé par leur mode
d’assemblage : elles sont isolées thermiquement sur deux faces par la mitoyenneté, et profitent d'un
jardin silencieux. La véranda traditionnelle offre un espace tampon entre le dedans et le dehors. Le
dispositif parcellaire permet le renouvellement et l’évolution par reconstruction ou densification sur
chaque parcelle. Ainsi, il paraît pertinent d’étudier les qualités environnementales de ces quartiers à
travers leur mode de formation, autant pour améliorer leurs performances originelles que pour les
interpréter à travers des projets nouveaux.
Mots clés: Morphologie urbaine et ville héritée, Morphologie urbaine et ville pré-carbone, Règles et
formes urbaines, Recherche sur les types et les formes

172
Identité culturelle du milieu construit et aménagement

soutenable
Pierre Larochelle
Professeur retraité
Université Laval, Québec
Résumé
Au Québec, l’intérêt particulier pour la morphologie des milieux bâtis est un héritage de l’enseignement
dispensé par Alfred Neumann dans les années soixante. Architecte génial et penseur méconnu,
Neumann était persuadé que le développement des connaissances dans le domaine de l’aménagement
était conditionnel à l’élaboration d’une nouvelle discipline scientifique vouée à l’étude de la
morphogenèse des établissements humains. Son œuvre architecturale prouve qu’il est possible de tirer
de la culture héritée locale les fondements d’un savoir objectif applicable à la conception d’une
architecture écologiquement responsable.
De la même manière, les études de caractérisation du milieu bâti québécois représentent une importante
source de connaissances pour définir les principes fondamentaux et les orientations d’une politique
d’aménagement soutenable du territoire. Les méthodes de lecture du territoire permettent d’identifier les
règles qui régissent les relations historiques entre le milieu naturel, le milieu construit et le milieu humain
dans les pratiques d’aménagement gouvernées par des habitus culturels. La compréhension de ces
règles est essentielle parce qu’elles recèlent la présence active de l’expérience collective acquise par
une communauté dans l’aménagement de son territoire. Elles s’avèrent, par conséquent, une source de
sagesse irremplaçable pour aborder la question de la soutenabilité.
Au Québec, les règles constitutives de l’identité territoriale ne sont pas le produit d’une culture matérielle
unique de sorte que les caractères essentiels des structures anthropiques présentes dans le milieu bâti
ne sont pas homogènes. Les structures territoriales et les produits des pratiques constructives héritées
du Régime français sont très différents de ceux édifiés selon d’autres modèles culturels adoptés plus
tard. Les traces et les objets construits qui témoignent de la présence autochtone ancienne sur le
territoire sont toutefois plutôt rares.

173
Entre démolition et vie quotidienne : journal d’une

ethnographe
Anna Juan
Post-doctorante
CMW-CNRS Saint-Etienne
6, rue Basse-des-Rives
42023 Saint-Etienne cedex 2
llunanna@hotmail.com
0699541548
Résumé
Souvent décriée par la critique, tant populaire que savante, l’architecture caractéristique des années 60 et 70,
avec ses grandes grands tours et barres d’habitation, a fortement marqué l’identité de nombreux quartiers des
grandes villes françaises. Les politiques françaises actuelles en faveur du renouvellement urbain, mises en œuvre
à partir des années 1980 et associées, de plus en plus, à l’élargissement sémantique du mot patrimoine, oscillent,
dans ces quartiers-là, entre des pratiques de démolition et des processus de classement de bâtiments.
Saint-Etienne est riche d’un grand nombre de ces réalisations architecturales de ces années-là, tant dans les
quartiers du centre qu’à sa périphérie. La Tour Plein Ciel, emblème de la modernité du quartier Montreynaud et
repère incontournable des stéphanois, sera démolie en novembre 2011, car elle s’inscrit au sein d’un projet de
renouvellement urbain du quartier. A travers cette démolition et la vie quotidienne au quartier, on réfléchira à
l’imaginaire de ce genre d’architecture. Quelles significations socio-politiques sont rattachées à ces logements ?
quelles images évoquent-elles ? Comment ces « productions de masse » peuvent-elles entrer dans des
procédures de reconnaissance ? Quelle relation peut s’établir entre ce genre de bâtiments et de quartiers avec
l’image contemporaine de Saint-Etienne comme « ville du design » ? C’est à travers une ethnographie du chantier
de la démolition de la Tour Plein Ciel et d’une ethnographie de la quotidienneté du quartier Bergson qu’on
essayera de répondre à ses questions.

174
Vertical street and sustainable density: theoretical foundations

and implications
Catherine Gurbuz Julie Neuwels

Centre de Recherche en Architecture Centre de Recherche en Architecture
Léonard de Vinci Léonard de Vinci
ULB Faculté d’architecture LaCambre-Horta ULB Faculté d’architecture LaCambre-Horta
Bâtiment S, Campus de la Plaine
Bd du Triomphe, Accès 5, CP 248
1050 Bruxelles
Belgique
catherine.gurbuz@ulb.ac.be
+32 (2) 650.65.13 +32 (0) 478.53.50.18
Abstract
The vertical extension of the urban area is as a possible response to the need for densification; however, it
has a significant impact on the street, a vital urban component in the provision of structure for human
settlements. The role of street in this context leads to discussion of vertical street, which attempts to apply
the values and characteristics of the ground-level street to the context of tall buildings. Much more than a
formal element of composition, the vertical street not only influences the design, operation and management
of buildings but also their relationship with the city. Using an inductive process, this study aims to propose a
theoretical framework for the vertical street, highlighting its implications in terms of sustainability in a context
of high densification. To accomplish this, we consider their impact in tall buildings. We then endeavor to
analyze the changes in the paradigm that have resulted from recent environmental considerations. The
study thus highlights the possible contributions of the vertical street in terms of an overall approach to
sustainable development in urban areas. Finally this brings us to question the quantitative and qualitative
density modes which this paradigm aims to address through the multi-scale morphological changes induced,
from architecture to urban planning.
Key words: Tall building, vertical street, density, paradigm, sustainable development.

175
L’écologie urbaine ou comment intégrer la complexité urbaine, la

morphologie urbaine et la qualité de l’espace public dans un projet
durable synthèse
Céline-Coralie Mertenat Daniel S. Pearl

Faculté de l’aménagement Faculté de l’aménagement
Université de Montréal Université de Montréal
6342, rue St-Vallier daniel.pearl@umontreal.ca
Montréal, Qc., H2S 2P5 daniel@loeuf.com
cc.mertenat@umontreal.ca (514) 484-7745 #25
cc_mertenat@hotmail.com (514) 983-7745
(514) 903-8109
(514) 967-8109
Abstract
L’espace public s’avère un facteur majeur de la qualité de vie dans des contextes urbains denses et mixtes.
En effet, ces espaces de vie se retrouvent à l’articulation des multiples dynamiques écologiques,
socioculturelles et socioéconomiques qui constituent tout écosystème urbain. L’analyse et le diagnostic du
potentiel inhérent d’un tel contexte relèvent d’une interprétation intersubjective entre différents acteurs et
s’effectuent par un processus transdisciplinaire au cours duquel l’architecte, entre autres, constitue les
dynamiques culturelles et patrimoniales qui donnent sens au projet. C’est donc par l’intégration de la
complexité urbaine, de la forme bâtie et de la qualité de l’espace public que ce profil la synthèse d’un projet
durable.
L’approche d’écologie urbaine, inspiré de l’Agence d’Écologie Urbaine de Barcelone (AEUB), aborde la ville
comme un « écosystème urbain », ce qui permet de réfléchir, d’explorer et d’anticiper l’évolution dans le
temps, l’espace et les échelles, d’une ville et de ses éléments. Dès lors, le projet urbain durable s’étend au-
delà des limites de son site et de son programme pour s’inscrire dans un contexte complexe, mais
spécifique. Ainsi, l’AEUB a développé des indicateurs qui permettent de suivre l’évolution actuelle et future
des transformations urbaines et qui viennent soutenir la conception de projet durable.
Dans le contexte des recherches de l’ARUC « Les mégaprojets au service des communautés », cette
communication propose de présenter comment une approche d’écologie urbaine, inspirée par l’AEUB, peut
amener à reconsidérer le rôle de l’espace public et du processus de projet dans la durabilité des villes.
Keywords : compacité, complexité urbaine, densité, espace public, écologie urbaine, mode de vie,
morphologie urbaine, organisation urbaine, projet urbain, qualité de vie.

176
La morphologie de la grande hauteur: rêve et illusion de

densité
Eric Firley
University of Miami
3158 Mary Street, Miami, Florida 33133
efirley@miami.edu
+1 786 431 6623
Résumé
Malgré son origine dans la fabrique de la ville du 19ème siècle, la théorie et pratique de l’immeuble de
hauteur ont très vite été submergées par les principes de l’urbanisme moderne, au point d’être pratiquement
identifiée avec celui-ci jusqu’à nos jours. L’isolement de l’objet architectural dans un vaste espace verdoyant
-négation explicite de la “rue corridor”- ne correspond plus aux principes d’enseignement contemporains,
mais a néanmoins laissé une empreinte ineffaçable sur la compréhension d’un élément architectural qui
peut être considérée comme la seule invention typologique de notre ère. La tour doit “souffler”, on lui doit du
respect.
Du point de vue du développement durable, ce cliché urbain et morphologique est hautement

problématique, car il prive la tour moderne de son seul atout quantifiable: sa densité. Jusqu’à présent,
aucune technique de construction et aucun gain accessoire d’énergie ne justifierait la construction d’un
élément aussi coûteux de ressources, si cette construction n’empêche pas l’étalement de la surface urbaine
à un coût global encore plus inquiétant. La question se pose ainsi comme suit: comment concevoir des
tours, probablement non-iconiques, probablement de moyenne hauteur, qui s’intègrent dans une structure
urbaine existante ou future et qui sont vécues comme un complément positif pour leur environnement? La
recherche technologique du secteur de la construction, avec la tour comme sujet phare traditionnel, doit
ainsi rejoindre la recherche morphologique pour pouvoir réellement innover et sortir du piège de l’icône
moderne évidée de sens.
Mots-clés: grande hauteur, densité, développement durable, morphologie

177
Les principes fondateurs des formes urbaines face aux défis

de l’étalement urbain
Latifa Benyounes-Ferahta
Architecte –Urbaniste, Maître- Assistante
Enseignante- chercheuse, Doctorante
Laboratoire de recherche VUDD, EPAU, Alger
b_latifa2003@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Aujourd’hui, les problèmes de nos villes se posent en termes de pression urbaine, induites par des densités
mal gérées qui s’accompagne non seulement par une consommation abusive du foncier, mais aussi par
l’incohérence des formes urbaines produites. Les signes manifestes de ce phénomène se traduisent par un
étalement urbain, qui suppose la fragmentation des territoires urbains la dégradation du cadre de vie et de
la qualité de vie (Fusco 2005, R.V. Rojas, 2001, Desjardins. X 2008). Ces mutations aux quelles la ville est
soumise nous interpellent quant aux tracés fondateurs et aux principes conceptuels qui président à la
production du cadre bâti et aux formes urbaines générées. Elles suscitent nos interrogations sur les choix
d’aménagements visant à spatialiser les préoccupations environnementales et sur les moyens de
transcender les lieux et les cultures(CREDOC 1992, IFEN 1996- 1997, Hatchuel, G. & poquet, G. 1992).
Dans ce contexte, les procédures d’aménagement et de production du cadre bâti (P.Panerai Castex,
J.P. Lacaze, 1996) (Jean Pelletier et Charles Delfante, 2000), se conforment à des règlements qui ont
participé à codifier les échelles d’intervention, sans pour autant apporter des réponses significatives au
problème de la maîtrise de l’étalement urbain et des formes urbaines qu’il engendre. D’où la nécessité de
faire référence au contexte pour son adaptabilité aux temporalités et aux mutations, ainsi qu’à son
articulation à la multiplicité des dimensions sous lesquelles le phénomène urbain se décline, Aussi, la
démarche méthodologique que nous proposons, permet-elle d’aborder dans sa globalité, la
pluridisciplinarité de notre problématique, son caractère multidimensionnel et multi scalaire et de traiter les
interactions entre ses composantes clé: structures urbaines-formes urbaines environnement, dans une
approche systémique. A cette fin, nous retenons un site en Algérie, comme support pour étayer notre
réflexion.
Mots clés : Forme urbaine -qualité du cadre de vie -fragmentation -étalement urbain-développement
durable

178
L'aire urbaine parisienne : un tournant urbanistique?
Thomas Leveiller Nathalie Long

Université de La Rochelle Université de La Rochelle
2, rue Olympe de Gouges 17000 La Rochelle nlong@univ-lr.fr
thomas.leveiller@univ-lr.fr
+33(0)5 46 50 76 32
Résumé
Suite au Sommet de Rio en 1992 et aux conférences qui ont suivi, une prise de conscience
environnementale des conséquences d'un changement climatique a émergé tant au niveau mondial que
local. A l'échelon de la ville, l'enjeu est de poursuivre son développement tout en répondant aux objectifs
d'un développement durable (Charlot-Valdieu et Outrequin, 2006). C'est un processus lent à mettre en
place et qui aura un impact que par la multiplication de petites actions locales (Emelianoff et Stegassy,
2010).
Sur l'aire urbaine parisienne, la succession des différents schémas directeurs et plans d'aménagement
depuis les années 1950, ont privilégié de plus en plus l'environnement. Le concept de développement
durable s'impose ainsi progressivement comme le moteur de l'évolution de la morphologie de
l'agglomération parisienne. La création des villes nouvelles puis la multiplication des projets d'écoquartiers
en sont une illustration. Leur aménagement favorise l'émergence de nouvelles structures morphologiques
où la mixité sociale mais surtout fonctionnelle sont de mises. Un tournant urbanistique a été amorcé, pour
reprendre l'expression de Jacques Chevalier (2005).
À travers l'étude des différents schémas directeurs d'aménagement de l'aire urbaine parisienne, la prise en
compte de plus en plus forte de la dimension environnementale dans l'aménagement du territoire et sa
traduction sur le terrain par l'émergence de nouvelles formes urbaines sont mis en évidence. Ces nouvelles
morphologies sont ensuite analysées grâce à l'utilisation de fonctionnalités SIG à partir de bases de
données temporelles sur les modes d'occupation des sols (type de surface, de bâtiment, d'infrastructure,
...).
Mots-clés : ville durable, écoquartier, politique urbaine, développement durable, morphologie urbaine

179
Urbanisation et changements climatiques : Le défi du

nouveau développement au Brésil
Dr. Pedro Ribeiro Moreira Neto Priscila Maria de Freitas

Aménagement du territoire et urbanisme l’Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento
Universidade do Vale do Paraíba Universidade do Vale do Paraíba
pedroribeiro@univap.br arqpriscilafreitas@yahoo.com.br
5512 3947 1124
Résumé
Cette étude remet en cause les défis du nouvel essor de dévéloppement en cours au Brésil. L'occupation
historique du territoire brésilien a été structurée à partir de la colonisation de la côte Atlantique où se sont
établies les monocultures agricoles d'exportation et les premiers centres urbains, des villes portuaires.
Hormis la période de l'extraction de l'ór, au XVIIIème siécle, première expérience d'intériorisation, son
réseau urbain n'est consolidé que avec la restructuration économique proposée par le gouvernement aprés
la Seconde Guerre Mondiale et la suite du processus d'industrialisation. Néanmoins, ce modéle c'était
fondé sur des bases contradictoires: la matrice énergétique hidroélectrique et l'expansion des autoroutes
en tant que matrice des transports. Ainsi c'est donné le processus d'occupation du hinterland brésilien, vers
la production de commodities tandis que l'industrie se modernisait dans les régions les plus proches du
litoral. Pourtant, la continuité du programme brésilien contient-elle des contradictions considérables.
Aujourd'hui, le Brésil c'est inclu parmi les pays emergents et, par ses caractéristiques, devient de plus en
plus tangible son accés au groupe des nations proprement dévéloppées. Malgré la tradition de l'énergie
propre, la récente découverte des nouveaux gisements de pétrole et gaz ont mis en question le
dévéloppement futur. La localisation des gisements et des usines redresse la tendance d'occupation de
l'intérieur vers le littoral. Sans mépriser la possibilité historique atteinte par son dévéloppement scientifique
et technologique, le pays ne peut ignorer telles implications sur l'urbanization et les changements
climatiques, justement sur des régions de vulnérabilité aux changements climatique déjà assez
comprouvée.
Mots-cléfs: changements climatiques; urbanisation; developpement; pétrole; Brésil.

180
Essai d’une typologie de lieux d’arrimage : fil rouge dans le

déploiement d’une analyse morphologique urbanistique
Johanne Brochu David Paradis

École supérieure d’aménagement du territoire Urbaniste
et de développement régional_ (ESAD) ÉSAD
Université Laval david.christophe.paradis@gmail.com
Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard
2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Université Laval – Philippe Plante
Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6 Canada Urbaniste
johanne.brochu@esad.ulaval.ca ESAD
418-656-2131 # 15299 omnicite@hotmail.com
Résumé
La fécondité d’une lecture fine des formes urbaines et la portée d’un travail de composition urbaine dans
l’élaboration des projets urbains sont désormais largement reconnues. Plusieurs outils de planification
intègrent ainsi des objectifs reliés à la prise en charge des dimensions morphologiques et sensibles.
Cependant, celle-ci demeure restreinte à l’échelle du site et du voisinage et n’est pas vraiment mise à
contribution dans l’élaboration des stratégies d’aménagement, et ce, tant au niveau de la ville que de
l’agglomération métropolitaine. À ces échelles, les plans d’affectation des sols, effectués essentiellement
sur la base d’analyses socioéconomiques continuent à prédominer.
Or, les communautés métropolitaines québécoises doivent dorénavant élaborer non plus un schéma mais
bien un plan d’aménagement qui prend en charge le territoire dans sa matérialité, dans ses multiples
échelles et leurs articulations ; il s’agit d’aborder conjointement l’organisation physique, les vocations et les
usages dans la définition d’une vision métropolitaine d’aménagement. Si une lecture sensible des formes
urbaines associée à une projetation urbanistique constituent les éléments clés d’une approche apte au
passage du schéma au plan, celle-ci reste à être revisitée voire définie.
L’élaboration d’une typologie de lieux d’arrimage devient le fil rouge d’une recherche sur le déploiement
d’une approche morphologique spécifiquement urbanistique. Une première version d’une telle typologie a
été produite lors d’un atelier d’urbanisme (maîtrise) portant sur l’agglomération métropolitaine de Québec,
plus précisément sur un groupe d’établissements en constituant la frange. Un retour critique sur cet
exercice permettra de mieux cerner les exigences et les implications du déploiement d’une telle approche.
Mots clés : analyse morphologique urbanistique, plan d’urbanisme, aménagement du territoire, rapports
d’échelle, projet urbain.

181
Innovation et continuité dans l’aménagement d’espaces publics

: l’apport des éco-quartiers dans des villes nordiques
Juan Torres
Institut d’urbanisme
C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville
Montréal (Québec) H3C 3J7
jj.torres.michel@umontreal.ca T 514
343 5982
Résumé
De nombreux éco-quartiers sont conçus, construits et documentés à travers le monde. Bien que les bâtiments
soient au cœur de la valorisation de ces projets, on reconnaît de plus en plus la qualité des espaces publics
qu’ils peuvent générer comme critère de qualité. C’est dans cet esprit que le Conseil du bâtiment durable du
Canada (CBDC) développe actuellement le système d’accréditation LEED-AQ (pour l’aménagement des
quartiers), « dont l’évaluation aux fins de la certification se fera à l’échelle de l’îlot ou du quartier et non pas à
l’échelle des bâtiments » (CBDC 2009: 1). Ceci étant dit, si les innovations dans la conception et la
construction des bâtiments sont faciles à saisir, celles concernant les espaces publics le sont beaucoup
moins. À la lumière des objectifs de développement durable auxquels nos sociétés adhèrent officiellement, on
peut donc s’interroger sur la manière dont ces espaces sont conceptualisés et aménagés dans le cadre de
projets immobiliers jugés exemplaires. La communication proposée se penche sur cette question et prend
appui sure une étude comparative d’une dizaine d’éco-quartiers duQuébec et des villes scandinaves de
Copenhague, Malmö et Oslo. À travers l’analyse du discours de concepteurs de ces éco-quartiers, nous
mettrons en lumière : a) le rôle des espaces publics comme articulateurs de l’espace privé et comme
intégrateurs au contexte urbain; 2) les caractéristiques innovantes ou de continuité de leur aménagement et
3) leur spécificité nordique. Cette étude est menée avec l’appui de l’Observatoire SITQ du développement
urbain et immobilier.
Mots-clés :Espaces publics, éco-quartiers, villes nordiques, études de cas, concepteurs
182
Le Pluriel au singulier… Villes et bataillons disciplinaires ?
Christian Sallenave
Docteur en Sociologie, Université de Versailles
Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
HDR en cours, Université de Bordeaux 3
Enseignant Chercheur à l’Ecole Nationale
Supérieure d’Architecture et de Paysage de
Bordeaux
Laboratoire de Recherche GRECAU
(Groupement de Recherches pour
l’Environnement et le Confort
Architectural et Urbain)
christiansallenave@yahoo.fr
Résumé
Si les préconisations proposent, ce sont les interactions et les transactions qui finalement disposent, dans
les conflits et solidarités récurrents des diverses légitimités à l’œuvre.
Chacun (ré)écrit sa version de l’histoire, dans le rapatriement respectif et spécifique de chacun de ses
registres argumentaires, au nom de l’authenticité vécue - chez les usagers profanes- et de la vérité
scientifique ou conceptuelle chez les savants ou les artistes concepteurs. Quand on les analyse dans leurs
conditions de vie quotidienne, en demandant par exemple aux passagers d’un tram (aux oreilles et cerveau
occupées, et aux corps mobilisés par leur Portable ou MP3) comment ils perçoivent la mixité fonctionnelle
et sociale, la (bio) diversité humaine et la proximité urbaine préconisées partout dans le monde au nom du
développement durable, on constate alors deux phénomènes cumulatifs : Autant le panoptique disciplinaire
trouve et induit que ce qu’il cherche, surplombe, focalise et arraisonne, autant le blocage ou/et l’amputation
des va-et-vient, dans les territoires polysensoriels, publics et privés, risquent de priver les projets urbains de
leurs différentes échelles confrontées et de la polysémie de leurs perceptions conjuguées. Plus les vitesses
des flux s’accélèrent , plus les morphologies se précarisent ; Plus les compressions spatiales et
environnementales s’accentuent, plus la polysensorialité est compromise.
Le pluriel au singulier ?
La nouvelle ambivalence des arts urbains et la durabilité potentielle de ce changement de civilisation
programmée, que composent et improvisent ensemble l’art d’édifier et l’art d’habiter enfin confrontés et
conjugués- face aux défis environnementaux actuels - restent largement à explorer aujourd’hui pour demain .
Keywords: rapatriement argumentaire, pluriel au singulier, va et vient polysensoriel, polysémie

morphologique, art d’édifier et art d’habiter
183
Densifier et régénérer la ville dans un régime de garantie de

la propriété: quelles stratégies de mobilisation foncière?
Philippe Weber Jean Ruegg

Institut de politiques territoriales et (Université de Lausanne)
d'environnement humain
Université de Lausanne
quartier Sorge – bâtiment Amphipôle, 1015
Lausanne
Philippe.Weber@unil.ch
Résumé
De nombreuses recherches identifient les liens entre urbanisation et environnement. Selon la forme prise par
l'urbanisation, cette dernière est productrice d'impacts plus ou moins forts sur l'environnement (changements
climatiques, épuisement des ressources naturelles, etc.). Ainsi, une ville de forme compacte génèrerait moins
d'impacts environnementaux (climat et ressources) qu'une ville de forme étalée. Politiquement, les résultats
de ces recherches sont repris pour appuyer la mise en œuvre de politiques publiques favorisant la
densification de sa forme et la régénération de son tissu par la reprise des friches, notamment. Il s'agit le plus
souvent de régulations visant à orienter l'urbanisation en vue de limiter ses conséquences
environnementales. Dans ce contexte, la ville est vue de manière positive en ce sens que la solution aux
problèmes environnementaux contemporains globaux se situe en grande partie dans la réorganisation de sa
forme et de son tissu. Acceptant l'hypothèse qu'une forme de développement urbain plus compacte remplit
des objectifs de protection de l'environnement tels que la préservation du sol ou la minimisation de la
consommation en énergie (mobilité, chauffage, etc.), notre contribution cherche principalement à identifier les
conditions de la mobilisation foncière et à en évaluer sa faisabilité dans un régime marqué par la garantie de
la propriété privée du sol. En prenant appui sur des exemples concrets, notre recherche documente les
stratégies de mobilisation foncière en milieu urbain qui sont disponibles en Suisse. Cette approche, qui est
nécessaire mais pas suffisante, permet d’aller dans le sens de l’opérationnalisation des objectifs politiques de
densification et de régénération urbaine.
Mots-clés : Forme urbaine, environnement, densification, mobilisation foncière, propriété privée.
184
Enjeux formels de la gestion contemporaine de l’eau de pluie

en milieu urbain existant
Valérie Mahaut
Ecole d’architecture de la
Faculté de l’aménagement
2940 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine,
Montréal,
Québec, Canada, H3T 1B9,
valerie.mahaut@umontreal.ca
+1 514 343 6277
Résumé
Pressées par des normes ou des labels environnementaux, acculées par la recrudescence des inondations
liées au changement climatique, ou poussées par une volonté d’épouser un destin plus écologique, de plus
en plus de villes réfléchissent et innovent en matière de gestion des eaux. Certaines d’entre elles mettent en
œuvre des projets d’aménagements dans lesquels des dispositifs rendent perceptibles le cycle de l’eau et ses
variations saisonnières: noues à ciel ouvert, bassins, puits infiltrants, toitures végétales… sont ainsi au cœur
de l’aménagement de nouveaux quartiers dits durables.
La communication se propose de dégager les enjeux formels de ces moyens techniques de gestion des eaux
de pluie à l’échelle urbaine. Ces derniers seront entendus comme des occasions de tisser les fils conducteurs
d’une lecture spatiale urbaine, mettant en valeur la topographie des lieux, le patrimoine urbain lié à la
présence d’eau (présente ou passée) et la « naturalité » de la ville (qui va au-delà d’une présence végétale).
Grâce aux fils d’eau, chaque lieu de la ville se comprend comme une partie mesurée d’un tout cohérent issu
de logiques naturelles (gravitaire, topographique, climatique, géologique, hydrogéologique et hydraulique).
Ces fils offrent aux habitants une perception du paysage urbain à la fois spatiale (situation d’un lieu dans la
ville selon un mode d’entendement) et temporelle (compréhension de l’héritage hydrique, activation de la
mémoire des habitants par la réaction des lieux au climat et aux saisons). Des leçons seront tirées
d’exemples européens (Marseille, Stuttgart, Gelsenkirchen) pour imaginer le potentiel d’aménagement dans
un contexte urbain existant.
Mots clés : ville, nature, eau, pluie, changement climatique, inondation, mémoire, héritage, paysage, sol,
histoire, gélogie, hydrogéologie, aménagement
185
Towards a spatial morphology of social-ecological urban

systems
Lars Marcus
Associate Professor Urban Design
KTH School of Architecture
lars.marcus@arch.kth.se
+46 (0) 406 947 991
Abstract
The discussion on sustainable urban development is ubiquitous these days. Concerning the more specific
field of urban design and urban morphology we can identify a movement from a first generation of
research and practice, primarily addressing climate change, and a second generation, broadening the field
to also encompass biodiversity. The two have quite different implications for urban design and urban
morphology. The first, stressing the integration of more advanced technological systems to the urban
fabric, such as energy and waste disposal systems, but more conspicuously, public and private transport
systems, often leading to rather conventional design solutions albeit technologically enhanced.
The second generation ask for a more direct involvement of urban form, asking the question: how are
future urban designs going to harbour not only social and economic systems, which they have always
done, but ecological as well, that is, how are we in research on urban form, as support for future practice in
urban design, develop knowledge that bridges the ancient dichotomy between human and ecological
systems. This paper presents, firstly, a conceptual discussions on this topic, based in resilience theory,
and, secondly, results from a preliminary study in Stockholm that show the possibility and out-line of a
spatial morphology of social-ecological urban systems.
Keywords: Spatial morphology, social-ecological systems, resilience, urban design

186
The role of utopian projects in the design of sustainable

cities
Amir Ganjavie
Doctoral Student
Department of geography and planning
University of Toronto
Sideny Smith Hall,
100 St.George Street, Toronto, Ontario
amir.ganjavie@utoronto.ca
416-7516695
Abstract
Utopian thinking has always played a central role in the literature of urban planning. Throughout the ages,
knowing that the problems of their time were growing, utopians tried to propose a better alternative for their
citizens. As such, several morphological attributes of our contemporary cities are the direct result of their
interventions; The separation of pedestrians from automobiles (Cabet, Garnier and Hénard), the
separation of urban functions, zoning (Garnier), and the generalization of prefabricated systems (Le
Corbusier), are just some examples in this regard.
However, today, in the age of the internet, the collapse of positivism and the ravaging of our cities by
urban sprawl, it is argued that the nature of utopian projects has been changed. Third generation of literary
utopia, referred to as sustainable utopia, has existed for approximately twenty years in writings like those
of Ernest Callenbach and Murray Bookchin. Given this, what is the new role for utopia in urban design? Do
utopian urban projects offer new strategies for sustainable development? How can the urban form
discussed in these projects be used to reduce current problems in our cities in relation to sustainability?
The content analysis of two cases, namely Km3 (2005) and The Local Project (Magnaghi 2005) has been
used to answer these questions. The interpretative analysis of these two cases revealed three dimensions
regarding the role of utopian urban projects for contemporary cities: urban utopia as a diagnostic tool,
research laboratory and a means to address ethical issues.
Key words: Urban design, sustainable design, utopia, MVRDV’s architecture, Albert Magnaghi, urban
development in Quebec city

187
Active reading of urban and architectural morphologies to

define the “design matrix”, as a point of reference for post-
carbon technical design
Alessio Bartolini
Università degli Studi di Bologna
via Po, 4 – 40139 – Bologna
bartolinialessio@hotmail.it
alessio.bartolini2@unibo.it (+39)
338.43.500.30
051.62.400.91
Abstract
The awareness of the forthcoming fossil sources end and the need to preserve environment Is getting
nowadays more and more evident. In addition to this many social warnings are emerging. These changes
will be more relevant in the suburb context, where the difference with the historical compact city is more
relevant.
In Italy urban planning doesn’t acknowledge completely these important signals yet. With this study I
propose a matrix called “design matrix”, generated by the intersection of two parameters: density level
(fundamental concept in eco-compact city studies) and quality degree of the site. The latter concerns
about “sustainability” and “identity” of sites, that are the rediscovered “settlement’s principles”.
Every built environment can be identified with a cell of the matrix. Specific solutions and operative methods
are then identified for each cell. This approach combines the classical building typology method with a
phenomenological interpretation (C.N. Schulz).
Keywords: Phenomenological & typological interpretation, suburb upgrading, infill (strategy), (post-carbon)
Transition

188
Environmental Imperatives and Urban Form: Building a

Framework for Understanding the Potential Impacts of New
Environmental Discourses on Urban Form
Piper Gaubatz
University of Massachusetts Amherst
gaubatz@geo.umass.edu
Abstract
This paper considers the ways in which Agenda 21 and other global initiatives for sustainable
development may impact the ways we approach the analysis of urban form. The paper is guided by the
following questions:
(1) what role can global, exogenous standards and ideals play in shaping local
urban form? How do local responses to the forces vary?
(2) what new facets of urban form need to be included in urban morphological analysis in order to
incorporate conceptualizations of environment and sustainability?
(3) does the addition of analysis of environmental factors require adjustment of well-established
methodologies for urban morphological analysis?
The paper will ground theoretical discussions in brief case studies drawn from Shanghai, China; Seattle,
USA, and Lima, Peru.

189
The role of district energy in greening existing

neighborhoods: A primer for policy makers and local
government officials
T. Osdoba H. Van Hemert

Center for Sustainable Business Practices Center for Sustainable Business Practices
University of Oregon University of Oregon
E. Dunn J. Love
Preservation Green Lab Center for Sustainable Business Practices
National Trust for Historic Preservation University of Oregon
Seattle, Washington
Abstract
District energy systems will play an ever more critical role in achieving community sustainability goals as
standards for energy efficiency and GHG emissions get more aggressive, and as existing buildings hit the
limit of what can be accomplished within their property boundaries. District energy systems, especially
those based on renewable fuels and/or the capture of waste heat, offer a very low-cost and low-carbon
alternative for providing heat, hot water and cooling to entire communities of homes and businesses. Such
systems are relevant and viable in both traditional urban villages and compact rural towns. The
coordination required among multiple owners for the financing, build-out and connection to such systems
poses challenges that local governments need to be poised to solve. At the same time, the “utility service
model” that often emerges as the basis for solutions can also be used to organize and fund other
community-based energy and infrastructure projects, ranging from water management to complete streets
to urban agriculture. The Preservation Green Lab has collaborated with the University of Oregon’s
Lundquist College of Business Center for Sustainable Business Practices to create a policy primer and
roadmap for communities wishing to create or expand district energy systems in neighborhoods of older
and historic buildings.
Keywords: district energy, renewable energy, eco-district, district heating, district cooling, combined heat
and power, municipal energy policy.

190
Characterization and comparison of major European

sustainable neighborhoods projects
To Uyen Bui Pierre Fernandez

Laboratory of Research in Architecture Laboratory of Research in Architecture
University of Toulouse University of Toulouse
LRA 83 rue Aristide Maillol - BP 10629 -
31106 Toulouse cedex 1, France
Frédéric Bonneaud
Laboratory of Research in Architecture
University of Toulouse
Abstract
This work focuses on the characterization and comparison of sustainable neighborhoods. Our working
method is based on a multi-criteria analysis of European sustainable neighborhoods projects which are
widely publicized in the environmental press: Kronsberg (Hanovre, German) ;BedZED (Sutton, United
Kingdom) ;Vikiki (Helsinki, Finland) ; Augustenborg ,Bo01 (Malmö, Sweden) ; Leidsche Rijn (Utrecht,
Netherlands) ; Hedebygade ; Verterbro (Copenhague, Denmark) ; Vauban (Freiburg, German) ;Sein Arche
(Paris, France) .
A synthesis of these experiences was reached in the form of a cross table, which highlights the
fundamental structural elements of ten sustainable urban projects studied. The issue of integrating urban
scales (from territories to buildings) is emphasized. We made marks throughout the process of each
project, evaluating the strategy and method relating to the establish of transport, the development of
environmental qualities, climate control, resource management, climate treatment of architecture, as well
as sociocultural and economic aspects of the projects.
Finally, communication of this synthesis of urban experiences seems rather didactic. It brings to detect, for
each project studied, its mechanism for planning and project design. Subsequently, this work will enable us
to continue in studying the transfer of these experiments in European sustainable urban in the context of
major Vietnamese cities.
Keywords: sustainable urban design, planning, European sustainable neighborhoods, experience transfer.

191
Emerging Suburban Planning Models: Content Analysis of

Recent Suburban Plans in the Toronto Region
Pierre Filion Kent Hakull

University of Waterloo University of Waterloo
pfilion@uwaterloo khakull@uwaterloo.ca
Ute Lehrer Andria Oliveira

York University andriao@yorku.ca
lehrer@yorku.ca
Michelle Lee
University of Waterloo
lmichlee@gmail.com
Abstract
While some features of the North American suburb have been remarkably constant since the early 1950s,
others have undergone major changes. We report on a content analysis of a sample of Southern Ontario
municipal and regional plans from the early 1950s to the present. The plans we have selected deal with
suburban development. Early plans advanced what were then new suburban models featuring automobile
orientation, overall low density and functional specialization. At the time, criticism of suburban models was
still absent from planning documents. From the late 1960s, however, plans began to express concern
about some features of suburban development, notably its voracious energy requirements and the
pollution it generates. More recently, plans have called for a recentralization of suburbs around high-
density multi-functional centres and a considerable rise in non-automobile modal shares. These newer
plans thus propose a model that breaks from conventional post-war suburban development. In Ontario, this
alternative form of suburban growth has been promoted and legislated by the provincial government’s
2005 Places to Grow Act. We demonstrate how the surveyed plans’ reflective statements on the suburb
echo this evolution and how different aspects of suburban planning and development (street layout,
housing patterns, green space, retailing, workplaces and institutions) have adapted to changing views on
the suburb. The presentation compares the content of plans with actual suburban development patterns
over different periods since the early 1950s, and uses this information to speculate on a forthcoming Great
Suburban Transition which would replace the core features of post-war suburbanism.
Keywords: suburbanism, planning, urban form, post-war evolution, recentralization, Ontario, Canada

192
Complexity and uncertainty for the post carbon future
Neal LaMontagne
MUP MCIP Senior Planner
City of Vancouver 101
neal.lamontagne@gmail.com
neal.lamontagne@vancouver.ca
604 720-7968
Abstract
This paper/presentation contends that to achieve a post-carbon future, in balance with key objectives such
as urban livability, equity, and vibrancy, city planners and policymakers must begin an active program of
code reform to enable and engineer complexity in their urban form. In contrast to proposals based on the
technology-driven masterplan or site-specific interventions, this approach focuses on codes (for example:
zoning bylaws, building codes, development standards and design guidelines, street and sidewalk
standards) as the generative language of contemporary urbanism and their potential as a new ‘DNA’ of a
sustainable and post-carbon city. This paper/presentation will argue that complexity provides a potent
conceptual framework for understanding how cities have traditionally evolved and for how to reshape the
form and pattern of urban development in decentralized, ‘ground-up’, even ‘emergent’ processes that can
increase the density, diversity, and resiliency of new and established urban areas and that can reduce
carbon-intensity, increase energy-efficiencies, and enable desirable (even joyful) post-carbon urban
lifestyles.
As a primary case study, this paper/presentation will use examples of policy initiatives and design studies
from Vancouver, BC, Canada - a city with an ambitious policy objective to be the greenest city in the world
by 2020 and is actively positioning itself for a post carbon future. Vancouver is a city with some recent
successes but also significant challenges with a primarily low-density residential pattern, typical of many
contemporary cities.
Key Words: zoning, complexity, urban design, Vancouver, carbon-neutrality

193
The affordability paradox: public transit expansion and

urban intensification
Anna Kramer
Abstract
The majority of plans for metropolitan regions with populations over the million in America and Canada call
for urban intensification combined with the expansion of public transit networks. These strategies promote
'smart growth' for environmental, economic and social reasons. The shift from automobile to alternative
modes of transportation is an important part of achieving a post-carbon city. Other potential benefits
invoked include: reducing air and water pollution, energy use and dependence on fossil fuels; economic
efficiencies for taxpayers and consumers from reduced infrastructure and private transportation costs; and
health and social justice benefits from increased active transportation as well as urban accessibility for
non-drivers.
Despite the ambitious proposals of these plans, major questions remain as to the feasibility of effecting a
significant modal shift. In many metropolitan regions, such a shift would involve superimposing a transit-
oriented urban form and infrastructure over an existing auto-oriented, low-density configuration,
characteristic of areas built in the last 65 years. This research maps current and proposed rail and bus
rapid transit networks in a representative sample of these regions. Transit networks are juxtaposed with
land use indicators, including current density and proposed intensification zones, as well as socioeconomic
data. The spatial analysis reveals an affordability paradox; newly intensified urban areas may be pricing
out the very people who would use public transit infrastructure the most. This paradox points to a need to
locate affordable housing near quality transit networks in order to achieve an urban structure and
dynamics that would be denser and less automobile reliant than the prevailing norm.

194
Morphological and environmental transformations around a

“Ramsar” site: The Chapala-Jocotepec corridor case, in the
state of Jalisco, Mexico
Reyes Rodriguez, Ramón Reyes Rodriguez, Eliazar

Departamento de Proyectos Urbanisticos Departamento de Proyectos Urbanisticos
Centro universitario de Arte Arquitectura y Centro universitario de Arte Arquitectura y
Diseño Diseño
Universidad de Guadalajara Universidad de Guadalajara
Adress: Santa fe, 2114 Santa fe, 2114
44716 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico 44716 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
qreyes2000@yahoo.com planeamientoytrazo@hotmail.com
(52) 3333801227 (52) 3314173512
Abstract
This paper is presenting an analysis about the morphological impacts of the urban planning politics for the
Chapala-Jocotepec corridor, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Over the last years this urban corridor, located
on the Chapala’s lake riverbank, the most important lake in Mexico, has experienced a strong
transformation on its morphological traditional structure, in part, due to a little sensible plan towards the
socio-cultural, morphological-environment and urban characteristics from the place. As a result, there is an
alteration on the form of life and in the local environment, along with the typological patterns of the
traditional urban artifacts: town blocks, lots and houses, among others. Furthermore, the corridor’s location
on Chapala’s lake riverbank, which in 2009 has been recognized as a Ramsar1 (1) site, represents a
commitment for the local authorities to pursuit a sustainable towns’ development that allows the
preservation of the natural characteristics from this lake. Through the analysis of today’s growth dynamics
from some towns like Chantepec, it is intended to conduct the reflection towards the impacts produced by
the imposition of development models which are unaware of local conditions. Is it possible to succeed on
the development of these towns by integrating new urban forms to the environmental and local culture
characteristics ?
Keywords: urban planning, urban morphology, sustainable development, identity.

195
Calgary’s middle ring neighbourhoods: transitioning post-

World War 2 urban form to greater sustainability
Beverly A. Sandalack Francisco Alaniz Uribe

Faculty of Environmental Design Faculty of Environmental Design
University of Calgary University of Calgary
sandalack@ucalgary.ca 2500 University Drive NW
403 220 4517 Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
Abstract
Calgary’s “middle ring” is comprised of a broad band of neighbourhoods surrounding the established inner
city, developed (most as “planned neighbourhood units”) during the 1950s - 1970s to house a growing
population of families. Many of these neighbourhoods are poised to experience increasing pressures of
redevelopment as they are seen to offer proximity to the downtown employment centre, many positive
qualities of urbanity, and access to services and amenities. That these neighbourhoods have again
become more desirable places to live creates the opportunity to guide redevelopment so that it is coherent
with the aspirations of current City planning documents that call for higher densities, a mix of uses, and
more walkable patterns. However, with this redevelopment comes many challenges. The land use
distribution and block patterns of the neighbourhoods lack the resilience that is necessary to be able to
transition into more sustainable forms; the economics of redevelopment make these neighbourhood much
less affordable than the newer suburbs on the edge of the city; and residents often resist changes in
character and density. Transitioning sustainability into existing neighborhoods is complex, and involves
understanding the morphological, demographic, and economic forces that are involved. A recent research
project examined Calgary’s middle ring and outlined many of the issues involved in redevelopment, and
proposed morphological and typological strategies for the future. This included concepts for residential,
commercial, institutional and industrial sites; architectural strategies for common building types; and land
use changes that, over time, could result in more resilient and sustainable neighbourhoods.
Keywords: neighbourhood morphology, planned neighbourhood unit, urban design, transitioning density,
land use changes

196
Raanana - Strategic Plan for a Sustainable City Model for the

Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Municipal
Master Plan
Dr. Ronit Davidovich-Marton Shlomit Dekel

D.M.R Planning & Development D.M.R Planning & Development
7 Harugei Malchut st. Tel-Aviv 69714,Israel
dmr@dmr.co.il
+972-3-6475137
+972-3-6475383
Abstract
In 2008 Raanana signed the Forum 15 Treaty, committing to generate a multi-year plan to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. In order to create the plan, Raanana promoted a comprehensive master plan
for a sustainable city. This step reflects the municipality’s awareness of the great significance of the
concept of sustainability as an overall guiding concept, making Raanana the first Israeli city to adopt such
a comprehensive process.
The planning process has lead to two strategic starting points, which are the basis of the plan:
Sustainability implies growth and development based on renewal; integrating what already ‘exists’ with
‘new’ entities, while strengthening the relationship between them. That which already exists requires
upgrading and adaptation, and the ‘new’ entity reflects an irrevocable opportunity for municipal renewal,
using new sustainable technologies and development patterns that help restore resources, at the outset.
The plan must foster commitment and provide a stable infrastructure for execution, application and
advancement. At the same time, it must leave room for and encourage self-organization, new initiatives,
creativity and use of innovative technologies.
This integration led the development of a model that defines five basic components for 'existing entities',
while offering a challenge to set ambitious reduction goals for ‘new entities’, together with the goal of
striving toward restoration of the city’s development resources.
The development of the plan based on a structured model creates a valuable methodological tool that will
benefit both the subject of sustainability and those who work in this field.

197
A morphologically-based methodology for integrated

research and practice on the city
Vitor Oliveira Paulo Pinho

Faculdade de Engenharia Faculdade de Engenharia
Universidade do Porto Universidade do Porto
Rua Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto, Portugal pcpinho@fe.up.pt
vitorm@fe.up.pt
+351 225081903
Abstract
The current debate on the post-carbon city confirms the key role of territory and urban form in the overall
process of urban development. And yet, a closer look at both research and professional practice, bounded
by this broad debate, reveals the absence of a sound morphological dimension. A number of gaps within
and between relevant disciplines, and the separation between some fields of knowledge and their object of
analysis, the city, might help to explain this phenomenon.
This paper is part of a wider research project on the morphological dimension of an integrated research and
practice on the city. The paper describes the first part of the project, the design, and application to Oporto,
of amorphologically-based methodology. The methodology has three main objectives: the identification and
assessment of the essential morphological elements of an urban area; the establishment and development
of key cross-disciplinary links between this ‘morphological core’ and different bodies of knowledge studying
the city; and the definition and strengthening of key linkages between this integrated research and planning.
Working on a GIS-based representation of the city, the methodology provides a set of assessment
questions, criteria and techniques to evaluate the elements of the ‘morphological core’: the street system,
the urban block/plot system, and the building system. Seven morphological criteria are defined: one criterion
for each of the three elements of the ‘morphological core’ taken in isolation; one criterion for each
relationship between them; and one criterion linking urban form with function, mainly accommodated by
buildings.
Keywords: morphologically-based methodology, urban form, integrated research, planning practice,

city

198
Technical innovation in socio-oriented urban environments

for “transitional pathways” towards low carbon cities. A
conceptual framework.
Annarita Ferrante
Department of Architecture and Territorial Planning
University of Bologna
Viale Risorgimento 2, Bologna
annarita.ferrante@unibo.it
Adolfo C. Dell’Acqua
Abstract
Utilizing the idea of transitional processes towards environment friendly cities and communities, this paper
outlines some strategies to manage climate change in the urban environment and envisages new steps
towards a carbon neutral, socially inclusive post-carbon city. It is argued that, in order to approach low
carbon issues in the built environment of the city, it is necessary to turn the perceptive and physical
approach to urban form “inside-out”, according to a reversed approach focused on the “void” of the city.
The paper, stressing the important role that a new urban model might play in a transition pathway to a lower
carbon electricity economy, also contends that it is necessary to investigate the human and social life within
the city by looking for possible intersections between urban renewal needs and basic human needs like
food, energy, culture and communication. It begins with a brief review of current urban building design and
perspectives, situating these in the context of the body of research on energy efficient and low carbon
issues in a socio-technical oriented city model.

199
The Granular City: How the physical composition of buildings

within urban blocks relates to prevailing ‘sustainable
community’ indicators
Elizabeth Dunn
Executive Director, Preservation Green Lab
National Trust for Historic Preservation
Abstract
The Preservation Green Lab’s in-progress research on the morphology of urban village blocks explores a
definition of “urban granularity” that is based on the physical density, variety and age of the buildings that
form a block-scape – ranging from the number of distinct buildings and street-level spaces on a block, to
their diversity in terms of age, size, typology and condition. While the empirical observation of these
characteristics as factors in urban success dates back at least to the early work of Jane Jacobs, there have
been few pointed attempts to quantitatively capture their impact, either individually or in aggregations, on
the human and environmental outcomes that drive city policy. New GIS-based analytic approaches and new
metrics for success may provide the opportunity to make these links in a more substantive, compelling and
actionable way. As such, the Preservation Green Lab’s approach frames outcomes in the language of
contemporary urban policy makers, by examining the relationship of granularity factors to a variety of
increasingly familiar and influential ‘sustainable community’ indicators, ranging from ecological footprint,
walkability, quality of place and cultural quotient to economic incubator capacity, local economic resiliency,
access to opportunity and location-based affordability. Within this context, and against a backdrop of
contemporary research, literature and comparative case studies that pertain to scale and granularity of
urban built form, this effort experiments with new kinds of spatial analysis, including the visual mapping of
block-based granularity data against a variety of location-based metrics and ratings pertaining to the
sustainable community indicators listed above.
Keywords: urban grain, building scale, built form, urban landscape, urban village, sustainable communities,
sustainability indicators

200
Urban morphology and the open spaces systems in Rio

de Janeiro- An application of GIS technology
Brunna Wopereis Natalia Parahyba

Undergraduate Student Undergraduate Student
School of Architecture and Urbanism School of Architecture and Urbanism
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Av. Pedro Calmon, 550/sl. 433 - Prédio da n.parahyba@gmail.com
Reitoria Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil, 21941-590 Vera Regina Tângari MSc PhD
brunna.w@gmail.com Instituto Metodista Bennett
School of Architecture and Urbanism
Cauê Costa Capillé Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Undergraduate Student vtangari@uol.com.br
School of Architecture and Urbanism 55 (21) 2598-1661
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
cauecapille@gmail.com
Abstract
This article presents a way to understand the city from a research approach, based on a systemic study of
the open spaces systems and their role in structuring the territory and the landscape, focusing on the
incidence of private open spaces. It is based on mapping analysis of the administrative districts of Rio de
Janeiro, through the use of GIS technology -Geographic Information System – for cross-reference
information on urban legislation and incidence of open spaces and high-rise buildings, applied to the urban
block scale. This work proposes a type-morphological study of urban blocks, by developing conceptual
models, according to the relationship between these three inputs (urban legislation, spatial rate of open
spaces and spatial rate of high-rise buildings), which characterizes specific scenarios with different
landscape qualities. As a method for comparative study, we propose twelve charts that summarize the
spatial data for each administrative region. In this way, by comparing those districts and the urban blocks
types, we intent to illustrate the methods and tools being developed by the Research Group SEL-RJ, in the
Post-Graduate Program in Architecture of the UFRJ-School of Architecture and Urbanism. The ultimate goal
is to provide a database in order to instrument landscape design and planning guidelines for open spaces
within the urban blocks, in both consolidated and expansion areas in the city, for better distribution,
qualification and use by the population.
Key words: urban morphology; urban landscape; open spaces system; GIS technology, Rio de
Janeiro.

201
Urban Renewal and the Gentrification Action (process)
Denise Antonucci Paulo Victor Gomes Takimoto

Universidade Presbiteriana Arquiteto pela Universidade
Mackenzie Presbiteriana
R. São Vicente de Paulo, 152/53, Mackenzie
CEP 01229-010 São Paulo, Brasil R. Conego Eugênio Leite, 1126
antonucci.denise@gmail.com CEP 05414-001 São Paulo, Brasil
(55 11) 7159 9736 paulo.takimoto@gmail.com
(55 11) 3666 8144 (55 11) 6960 4058
(55 11) 3816 1991
Abstract
The paper aims to review a cluster of projects selected thru an open public contest sponsored by EMURB
back in 2002, to discuss options to urban renovation of Largo da Batata in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The
endeavor is set to understand the concept and actions required, to make urban renewal economically
viable and faithful to state-of-art best practices in urban planning.
The authors submitted the listed works to analytical, comparative screening of project goals and design, to
later single out how contestants “sighted and observed” the appointed area, how they interpreted and
adhered to the rules, and last but not least how they ground and nursed their ideas, to develop their
individual projects. The analysis sought to unearth the true purpose underpinning the public call for the
EMURB competition. It appears the EMURB contest mirrored a tool to legitimate a time action process
historically delayed for decades, and much less of an action to think creatively about the future profile of a
strategic urban area in São Paulo.
Keywords: urban qualification, gentrification, real estate market

202
Will post-carbon cities be sustainable cities? A case

study from Latin America
Joseli Macedo
Department of Urban & Regional Planning
University of Florida
P.O. Box 115706 Gainesville, FL
32611-5706 joseli@ufl.edu
352.392.0997 ext.461
Abstract
Cities around the world are all trying to devise better ways to organize their urban space while improving
quality of life for their citizens and conserving the environment. In Latin America, cities have a daunting
task as the region is estimated to be approaching a 90 percent rate of urbanization. If cities can be
sustainable in Latin America, they can be sustainable anywhere in the world. This paper discusses how
Latin American cities will be able to accommodate increasing urbanization while preserving the
environment and creating conditions for urban populations to lead healthy lives. The specific case study
will show some of the initiatives adopted in Curitiba, Brazil, as examples of how a post-carbon Latin
American city can mitigate urbanization ills. Curitiba’s unique urban form and long-range planning have
given it international renown; however, problems common to developing countries persist. Curitiba has
implemented urban parks in environmentally sensitive lands to protect these areas; these have served as
catalysts to restore riparian areas, to protect areas unsuitable for development, and to create places that
offer respite as well as recreational opportunities. Sustainability in post-carbon cities will come from not
only reducing carbon emissions, particularly from transportation systems, but also absorbing carbon that is
produced in urban areas by industry and other urban activities. Intriguing questions remain: is controlling
carbon emissions in urban areas or designing urban forms that do not require fossil-fuel dependent mobility
enough to save our cities? Will post-carbon cities allow us to achieve urban sustainability?

203
Participative urban processes for energy retrofitting in the

urban contexts: a case study in Modena (Italy)
Fausto Barbolini Annarita Ferrante

Alma Mater Studiorum Alma Mater Studiorum
Università degli studi di Bologna Università degli studi di Bologna
viale Risorgimento 2 - 40136 Bologna (Italy) annarita.ferrante@unibo.it
fausto.barbolini@unibo.it +39 051/2093168.
+39 051/2093179.
Luca Guardigli
Alma Mater Studiorum
Università degli studi di Bologna
luca.guardigli@unibo.it
+39 051/2093179.
Abstract
This paper analyzes an innovative urban experience in Italy, highlighting a new conceptual procedure for
the redevelopment of dense urban environments. In November 2010, 65 technical professionals from
Modena (architects, engineers, surveyors, stakeholders, agronomists, lawyers) have joined a design
workshop (MOW), combining experiences and expertise on the subject of the redevelopment of the first
micro-industrial urban setting, the “villaggio artigianale” of the city, built in the Fifties and now both
energetically and environmentally inefficient. The participative process, promoted by the Local Authorities
in coordination with Professional Associations and Stakeholders, which also attempted to test the state of
art in the field of urban planning in general, has searched for specific solutions within this particular urban
context. One of the objectives of the work was to stimulate the creation of new economic innovative craft
activities, while reaching goals of green development. Each private owner, once decided the level of
intervention, may thus recover its own Building according to a new systems of regulation with specific
planned constraints: car parking, vegetation along pre-defined belts (at ground level, roof and border),
renewable resources for energy production, supporting guidelines in case of demolition and reconstruction,
transfer of property in exchange o services, new activities with a minimum acoustic impact, shifting process
to be activated towards the so-called "innovative craft actions". In exchange, the owners get municipal tax
cuts, incentives in terms of increased building surfaces and/or volume. The project also seeks to create a
digital database of the activities with the possibility of interaction between the various actors (supply, joint
advertising, creating a "common market" of the village).
Keywords: participative urban processes, energy conscious design

204
Urban morphology, planning and design
Jonathas Magalhães Pereira da Silva Vera Regina Tângari

Post-Graduate Studies in Urbanism School of Architecture and Urbanism
Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Rua Batataes, 602 cj 21 CEP 01423-010-São R. Jornalista Orlando Dantas 62 apt. 403 CEP
Paulo SP Brasil 22231-010-Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
jonathas.silva@puc-campinas.edu.br vtangari@uol.com.br
Abstract
The article presents some considerations about the analysis of territorial and landscape changes induced
by the construction of the "Metropolitan Ring Road” in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This is a highway that will
connect several municipalities along the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. The highway, which is
already under implementation, will connect the Port of Sepetiba, located in the Municipality of Itaguaí in the
west limit, to the COMPERJ Complex, owned by Petrobras, the Brazilian oil company, located in the
Municipality of Itaboraí, in the east end. This paper describes and analyzes the perceived landscapes
revealing those that are the result and the heritage of an accumulation of actions (past), existing forms of
appropriation (present) and landscapes planned or partially planned (future). Our premise is that the socio-
economic contexts, the forms of appropriation of public spaces and the public actions interact with each
other over the territory, printing cultural and physical marks which testify the great transformation that has
occurred, and will occur, in the landscape of the Metropolitan Region, with this infrastructure investment
that will connect different municipal realities and distinct landscape units.
Key words: landscape planning, management metropolitan, territory

205
Health and urban form: time for rapprochement
Paula Vilhena Carnevale Vianna

Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento
Universidade do Vale do Paraiba
Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911 zip code 12244-000
São Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
paulavianna@univap.br
Jucelia Oliveira
Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento
Universidade do Vale do Paraiba
juolivi@yahoo.com.br
55 12 3947 1124
Abstract
Studies concerning the relation between health and urban space usually consider the latter as a
determining factor for the former. In Brazil, in the early 20s, public health played a major role in urban
planning. Sanitation of urban spaces was intrinsically connected to the ongoing social and economic
development projects. The 20th century technical innovations shifted health from a broader view that
encompassed the living environment, to the body and its inner components: the individual, and no longer
society, was to become the target of health proposals and actions. The health/urban planning
rapprochement takes place within a context quite different from the optimistic development mood of the
early 20th century. Public health tries to return to its origin; broadening its scope from the healing and
prevention of diseases to embrace health promotion, which includes urban interventions and the building
of healthy living environments. In Brazil, there are severe hindrances to such comprehensive proposals,
such as the social inequality structure, which includes social and territorial components; the marked role
played by the private productive sector in health policies; the authoritarian historical background, leading
to shy popular participation in political decision-making. The recognition and action on “social health
determinants”, as recommended by the World Health Organization, are yet to be acknowledged as a
path for health improvement by the Brazilian society. Health should be considered within so
comprehensive a concept, by both society and urban planners, and regain its place, as a qualified agent,
in the debate on urban shaping and directions.
Keywords: health, urban planning, public health history

206
The ring road in Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region: the ideal of

development “versus” the potential of urban sprawl (RJ Brazil)
Vera Regina Tângari Noêmia de Oliveira Figueiredo

School of Architecture and Urbanism Department of Architecture and Urbanism of the
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Institute of Technology
R. Jornalista Orlando Dantas 62 apt. 403 CEP Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro
22231-010-Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil BR 465 - Km7, Campus Universitário/Instituto
55-21-2598-1661 vtangari@uol.com.br deTecnologia - CEP 23.851-970 - Seropédica -
RJ Brasil
Andrea Queiroz Rego noemiafigueiredo@yahoo.com.br
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Maria Julieta Nunes de Souza
Av. Pedro Calmon, 550 sala 433 - Prédio da Research Institute of Urban Regional Planning
Reitoria - Cidade Universitária - CEP 21941-901 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
RJ – Brasil aqrego@yahoo.com.br Pedro Calmon, 550 sala 530 - Cidade
55-21-2598-1661 Universitária
- CEP 21941-901 - RJ – Brasil
Rita de Cássia M. Montezuma julieta.souza@uol.com.br
Geography Department 55-21-2598-1919
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225 - Edifício da
Denise Alcântara Pereira
Amizade, sala 413 - Gávea - CEP 22451-900 –
RJ Brasil
rmontezuma@pucrio.org.br
Av. Pedro Calmon, 550 sala 433 - Prédio da
55-21-3527-1944
Reitoria - Cidade Universitária - CEP 21941-901
RJ – Brasil denisedealcantara@gmail.com
Maria Angela Dias 55-21-2598-1661
Reitoria - Cidade Universitária - CEP 21941-901
RJ – Brasil magelias@uol.com.br
55-21-2598-1661
Abstract
This paper is a preliminary release of the interdisciplinary research being developed about the Rio de
Janeiro Metropolitan Ring Road, and it aims to provide an understanding of the relationship between the
highway construction, the urban growth patterns, the landscape quality and the open spaces structure.
This work is part of a wider research project called "Landscape units and open space systems -
procedures for evaluating and methodological proposition", which receives state and federal financial
assistance. The paper highlights the existing features of the metropolitan landscape of Rio de Janeiro,
pointing out the contrasts and contradictions discussed in a series of workshops held with the different
actors and communities involved in the process. The metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro has an
extensive urban sprawl occupation characteristic with significant morphological and functional
differences, and is limited on the east by the Guanabara Bay, north by the mountains west by the
Sepetiba Bay and south by the Atlantic Ocean. The highway was concept to connect two major industrial
complexes located in the west and east limits. The paper presents the methods applied for the
characterization of landscape units, evaluation of open spaces systems in urban and suburban areas
and the policies that regulate the occupation, in order to identify the processes of structuring, formation
and transformation of the landscape and the scenarios for changes in this region. Keywords: landscape
units; open spaces systems; urban growth; Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area

207
The shape of the City and its relation with public

investments and urban and environmentallegislation
Jonathas Magalhães Pereira da Natália Cristina Trípoli Magalhães

Silva School of Architecture and Urbanism
Program of Post-Graduate Studies in Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas
Urbanism Rua Rodovia D. Pedro I, km 136. Parque
Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas das Universidades
Rua Batataes, 602 cj 21 CEP 01423‐010‐São Campinas - SP. CEP: 13086-900
Paulo SP Brasil nataliacristina.tripoli@gmail.
jonathas.silva@puc-campinas.edu.br
Abstract
This article describes a study that relates the shape of the city to the processes that lead to occupation of
the territory. The first stage of the research consisted of a detailed analysis on the municipal law of
nineteen cities that are included in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, in São Paulo, Brazil. In the
second stage, the research has dealt with the spatial location of public investments related to social
housing and qualification of open spaces systems. The research aims to discuss the phenomena that are
influencing the Brazilian cities morphological configuration and transformation. The hypothesis is that the
understanding of Brazilian cities transformation requires the study of the processes of formation of open
spaces systems and location of social housing and low-income population. This article has as particular
goal to identify in what way and with which difficulties the Master Plan and its complementary laws, in
Brazil, are able to ensure the land property’s social function, hence promoting housing to the lower class
population and the qualification of the urban environment through its open spaces systems.
Keywords: urban morphology, urban planning; urban management; transforming the landscape, open
space systems, social housing.

208
The role of urban morphology in the resilience of

ecocities
Emilio José García Brenda Vale

Victoria University of Wellington Victoria University of Wellington
1/58th Aurora Terrace, Kelburn, Wellington,
New Zealand Penny Allan
elemilior@yahoo.com Victoria University of Wellington
+6444725894
Abstract
Resilience, the capacity of socio-ecological systems to absorb unpredictable changes and still persist
(Walker and Salt, 2006) is fundamental quality of adaptable ecocities. However, its application in urban
studies is incipient. The aim of this paper is to outline a possible path to implement resilience in urban
analysis using a morphological approach.
This paper uses the resilience theory of Panarchy and the Textural Discontinuities Hypothesis (Holling,
1992) to explain how ecosystems and communities are structured in dynamic hierarchies that are
characterized by discontinuities. These discontinuities are important because they improve the resilience
of socio-ecological systems by buffering disturbances within and across scales while maintaining the
patterns of discontinuities stable at larger scales (Allen and Holling, 2008).
The paper proposes that morphological analysis of the structural patterns in the urban landscape has the
capacity to reveal the location of these urban discontinuities; and is therefore a useful tool for the
evaluation of urban resilience and the design of adaptive ecocities.
Keywords: ecocities, resilience, urban morphology, adaptability, landscape

209
Townscape: Influence or consequence?
Marina Salgado Camila Sardinha Cecconello

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Educação Continuada
Rua Teixeira de Freitas, 336/1204, Santo Antônio PUC Minas
– Belo Horizonte Rua Pitangueiras, 51/302, Santo Antônio – Belo
ms.marinasalgado@gmail.com Horizonte
(31) 99971900 ca.cecconello@gmail.com
(31) 8881.6003
Renata Nogueira Herculano
Universidade FUMEC
Rua Vitório Marçola, 846/202, Anchieta – Belo
Horizonte
enataherculano@yahoo.com.br
(31) 97067266
Abstract
The aim of this research is to explore the influence of legislation and the real estate business in the
transformation of the townscape. For this, we will make a cutting in the urban mesh of Belo Horizonte city,
focusing mainly on the neighborhood named Belvedere, which is located in the south vector, in the listed
surroundings of Serra do Curral. This neighborhood has undergone a rapid growth in the early twenty-first
century, which besides the pressure from developers, to do so, it was necessary to support an urban
legislation. To develop this analysis, will be considered the concept of landscape as being the product of
social action reflected in the physical environment over time, and this action can be characterized mainly by
the application of the laws in each period of construction of the city. Based on this concept will investigate
the evolution of urban form, in view of the action of the two main actors identified above: the real estate
business and urban legislation. From this analysis it will be possible to trace the sequence of scenarios that
are transforming the townscape, as well as check from them a scenario that dialogue with the listed
surroundings and also respects the environmental conditions present at the site. Thus, this aim paper is to
verify the hypothesis that it is possible to combine various interests - public, private and population - always
with a view to preserving the natural landscape, as well as its natural formation, such as geology and
hydrography of the site.
Keywords: townscape, real estate business, belvedere III, public polocies, preservation.

210
The true cost: comparative analysis of urban and suburban

form
Samantha L. Salden
Architectural and Urban Design and
Sustainability University of Notre Dame
School of Architecture ssalden1@nd.edu
574-631-0191 770-845-5680
Abstract
This paper presentation will discuss ongoing research creating a quantifiable comparison between different
scales, densities and ideologies of urban design to better understand the economic, environmental and
social costs of suburban and urban development. A typical argument of traditional architects and designers
is that beauty is inherently valuable, hence the popularity of historic neighborhoods. Despite great depth of
belief and strong anecdotal evidence, such a subjective argument has little impact on the legal, economic
and design processes which form our built environment. Accessible scientific and financial data must be
combined with thorough morphological study to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cultural,
physical, economic and environmental impacts of place and to effectively apply that understanding to
legislation, financial models, construction standards and approaches to design. In order to provide a
modicum of control over certain climatological and cultural variables in the data, this research investigates
five iconic places in and around the city of Chicago, Illinois: the Chicago Loop, the Lincoln Park
neighborhood, the “traditional suburb” of Riverside, IL by Fredrick Law Olmstead, the post-war suburban
expansion of Gurnee, Illinois and the small Midwestern town of Batavia, Illinois. The need for this analysis
is immediate as many cities continue to grow in physical size at a speed and in a manner different from
centuries and, even decades, past—even, in some cases such as that of Cleveland, Ohio as their
economies and populations decline.
This investigation seeks to understand if there is a quantifiable effect derived from a cohesive architectural
aesthetic, urban form and sense of place. What formal, technological, financial and legislative lessons can
be provided for the creation of new and reinforcement of existing communities?

211
Who plans the city? Vienna’s housing development tool in the

spotlight
Betul Bretschneider
Department of Spatial and Sustainable Design
Vienna University of Technology
Karlsplatz 13/253-3 A-1040 Vienna Austria
betuel.bretschneider@chello.at
+ 43 69912366426
+ 43 158801 -25601
Abstract
The contribution will give a critical overview on the emerging (re)development areas within Vienna’s
existing historic urban fabric. Also in this city the last vacant lots and brown fields of former production
companies have been developed into ‚social’ housing neighbourhoods. Since 1995 Vienna’s emerging
urban areas have been developed by using a special tool, so-called ‘housing developer competition’ of
housing authorities (Bauträgerwettbewerbe).
Although this special ‚tool’ with objectives like ‚cost-optimized building’ and ‚high quality architectural’
development for new („social“) housing areas has won the best practice award of UN-Habitat in 1996, there
is a growing demand for a comprehensive evaluation of its compatibility with social and ecological
sustainability criteria. After beginning by outlining the background of this tool, Vienna’s recent projects will
be shown to point out the challenging contradictory interests of all stake holders; housing sector, architects,
policy makers and planning authorities:
-The main ‚ecological aspect’ providing low-energy standards versus affordable housing and
-housing subsidies limiting maximal building prices versus high land costs within the central city areas
are some of the challenges, that Vienna’s housing policy faces by developing new ‚socially and physically
sustainable’ neighbourhoods. The disadvantaged open spaces and ground floors within this new built high
density areas are the results of land use policy: Developing a new urban area by dividing land into parcels
and building blocks prevents a cohesive social urban development. The contribution will show different
urban development models to discuss the improvement potentials of Vienna’s model.

212
The territorial and landscape changes: printing cultural and

physical marks
Jonathas Magalhães Pereira da Vera Regina Tângari

Silva School of Architecture and Urbanism
Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas vtangari@uol.com.br
Rua Batataes, 602 cj 21 CEP 01423-010-
São Paulo SP Brasil
jonathas.silva@puc-campinas.edu.br
Abstract
The article presents some considerations about the analysis of territorial and landscape changes induced
by the construction of the "Metropolitan Ring Road” in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This is a highway that will
connect several municipalities along the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. The highway, which is
already under implementation, will connect the Port of Sepetiba, located in the Municipality of Itaguaí in the
west limit, to the COMPERJ Complex, owned by Petrobras, the Brazilian oil company, located in the
Municipality of Itaboraí, in the east end. This paper describes and analyzes the perceived landscapes
revealing those that are the result and the heritage of an accumulation of actions (past), existing forms of
appropriation (present) and landscapes planned or partially planned (future). Our premise is that the socio-
economic contexts, the forms of public spaces appropriation and the public actions interact with each other
over the territory, printing cultural and physical marks which testify the great transformation that has
occurred, and will occur, in the landscape of the Metropolitan Region, with this infrastructure investment
that will connect different municipal realities and distinct landscape units.
Keywords: Landscape Planning, Management Metropolitan, Territory

213
The Influence of Urban Regulation in the Rio de Janeiro

Landscape: The Case of the suburbs of Ipanema and
Copacabana.
Rogerio Goldfeld Cardeman

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Vera Tangari
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Abstract
The nature of this article is to present how the Rio de Janeiro´s building regulations are connected to their
changing landscape. As in all cities these regulations are for ever changing on a daily, monthly and yearly
basis. Streets are opening up and buildings are being demolished and constructed to create and transform
the city scenario. Rio de Janeiro is no different to other cities, but with the nature of our building regulations
we can see the important points of formation that reflect the history of constant change when constructing
suburban skylines. I refer to as an example, the suburbs of Ipanema and Copacabana. Ipanema contains
urban parameters that reach to most of the city to include the south zone and then extend further out to the
north and west zones. Secondly the characteristic of Copacabana present atypical and interesting case
study as the most densely populated suburb within the city.
Key-words: Copacabana, Urban Landscape, Urban Form

214
Is UK planning a barrier to the post-carbon city?

Lessons from Cairo
Dr. Noha Nasser

Acting Director
Urban Renaissance Institute
University of Greenwich
Old Royal Naval College, Park Row
Greenwich, London SE10 9LS
n.nasser@gre.ac.uk
+44 (0) 20 8331 9342
Abstract
One of the principle measures of the post-carbon city is the relationship between higher densities and
reduced car use, increased walking and transit, and building performance that is enhanced as density
increases.
It is recognized that post-WW1 conventional building typologies are land hungry. This paper contends that
the UK Planning system, which has historically controlled development through strict legislation, has
succeeded in creating a uniform and ordered environment, but with greater land wastage and lower
densities.
The growing ‘theory of emergence’ argues that simple rules can lead to sophisticated, discernible macro
behaviour and self-organization. Emergence relies on key attributes; adaptation to the needs of their
environment; local actions; and smarter growth.
This paper examines the emergent urban patterns and typologies of historic Cairo – a medieval city whose
patterns of human action and decision-making have shaped a dense urban fabric guided by a few simple
rules. According to two prominent urban historians Akbar (1988) and Hakim (1986), many cities, like Cairo,
were governed by an autonomous planning system. The system was based on the fundamental law that
development was permitted anywhere as long as no inconvenience came to neighbours and passersby.
This generally meant preserving rights of way, daylight, and air, as well as protecting overlooking. The
resultant urban patterns and typologies achieved highly dense neighbourhoods providing a mix of uses
such as housing, employment, and community facilities. The paper concludes by suggesting that UK
planning control may be one of the tools preventing the achievement of a successful post-carbon city.
Key words: Cairo, density, emergence, typology

215
Land Use Controls and Urban Form: the Neighbourhood

Experience of Houston
Zhu Qian
School of Planning University of
Waterloo 200 University Avenue West
Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1
z3qian@uwaterloo.ca
519-888-4567, ext. 38426
Abstract
Houston is the only major city in North America without zoning. The growth of Houston illustrates a
traditional free market philosophy in which zoning is seen as a violation to private property rights. This
paper examines how the lack of zoning has an impact on land use and urban form in Houston. It uses
cluster analysis integrating socioeconomic factors to select three case study neighbourhoods, and then
applies geographical information systems to analyse their urban form spatial characteristics. The study
investigates the change of urban form in three neighbourhoods over two decades. The analysis is
accompanied by a qualitative investigation of the neighbourhoods, which attempts to address why and how
those quantified characteristics of urban form developed over the decades. The paper concludes by
discussing the similarity and diversity of land-use patterns and the reasons, by outlining policy implications
from the findings on urban form, and by contributing to the debate over urban form and government
intervention in better land-use patterns.

216
The urban legislation influences on the quality of open

spaces in a residential area-case study in Leblon, Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
Andrea Queiroz Rego

Program in Architecture
Reitoria - Cidade Universitária - CEP 21941-901 -
RJ – Brasil aqrego@yahoo.com.br
55-21-2598-1661 55-21-9985-5517
Abstract
The urban legislation greatly influences the modeling of the city shape. When a new stance is introduced
into the real estate (by its demand sometimes), it defines a building typology that is anachronistically
reproduced and spatially discontinuous. Therefore, diachronically, the city records all these patterns which
evidence the time of occupation and the degree of urban renewal of each place, or can even define, as in
this study, the quality of open spaces.
Are considered open spaces those non-built spaces with public or private use, which in City of Rio de
Janeiro, are usually residual. Quality parameters are considered: the degree of accessibility (visual and
physical), thermal comfort (wind, sunlight and trees), the soundscape, and the soil permeability.
The neighborhood of Leblon is justified as a case study for: presenting great morphological diversity, both
geographically (slope, ocean, lagoon and river waterfronts) and architectural, have suffered since the
beginning of the twentieth century an intense urban renewal and be considered among the best to live in
the City.
The analysis has begun with extensive cartography involving: occupational evolution, legislation, traffic,
buildings patterns, skylines and open spaces, as well as photographs. From this, morphologically
representative blocks have been selected and evaluated, with use of simulation and on site assessments,
regarding: accessibility, ventilation, soundscape and soil permeability. The study of these blocks has
helped defining, within these criteria, the blocks with open spaces with the highest quality, depending on
the urban form established by legislation, over the years.
Keywords: open spaces, urban form, legislation, Rio de Janeiro

217
Development policies and their local impacts: a study of the

restructuring of the Sao Jose dos Campos Industrial Park and
its consolidation as the center of aerospace Technology in
Brazil
Adriane Aparecida Moreira de Souza

Human Geography
University of São Paulo
Institute for Research and Development
University of Vale do Paraíba
adriane@univap.br
Abstract
In São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, technological processes follow the productive logic established in the
middle of the 20th century, when scientific knowledge was intensely incorporated to production processes.
However, it was during the Second World War that, as in many other countries, the Brazilian government
initiated a project to create a scientific and technological base with the intention to develop national arms
industries and other similar sectors and elected the city of São José dos Campos wherein to materialise it.
Between 1940 and 1990, São José dos Campos turned from a sanatorial city to industrial and, finally into a
city that produces and distributes aerospatial high technology. This study aims to analyze the process of
restructuring of the industrial park of Sao Jose dos Campos and highlight the State's participation in driving the
consolidation process of the city as a center for Brazilian aerospace technology.
Keywords: local development policies, industrial reestructuring, center for aerospace technology.

218
Sustaining cultural memory in the Post Carbon City: design

considerations for re-purposing Brownfield sites in two
university cities
Wendy R. McClure
Professor of Architecture
University of Idaho
Moscow, ID 83844‐2451
208-885-6473
Abstract
The post carbon city will require processes for densification and infill within existing urban fabric. Former
industrial sites provide fertile ground for re-purposing of under-utilized land, serving as a valuable resource, as
urban communities strive to achieve goals for environmental sustainability. Planning strategies to transform
brown field sites potentially can relieve pressures for urban expansion at the periphery on previously
undeveloped “green field sites”. However, their transformation presents challenges to important physical
manifestations of cultural memory, especially concerning a city’s economic history and industrial architecture.
Re-purposing brown field sites often results in the loss of both.
This paper will explore questions presented in two case study cities, Moscow Idaho and Bozeman Montana,
located in the intermountain region of the Northwestern United States, concerning inherited industrial
morphology and cultural sustainability. Each city has taken a different view about whether to preserve the
scale, texture and architectural character of the inherited industrial landscape within a re-purposed
neighborhood or, instead, to re-define the district. The City of Moscow’s newly released 2010 comprehensive
plan, and current strategic planning efforts by the city’s Urban Renewal Agency propose that a former railroad
and industrial district become a “table rasa” for development. In its place they propose “Legacy Crossing”, a
new urbanist style mixed-use neighborhood designed to encourage pedestrianism and connectivity between
the historic city center and campus-all noble goals for the post carbon city. By contrast, Bozeman Montana,
which is facing significantly higher growth pressures than Moscow, has made significant efforts to incorporate
existing buildings and neighborhood pattern belonging to industrial fringe belts into new mixed use
neighborhoods.
Key words: Brown field; re-purposing; cultural sustainability

219
Sustainability and Urban Brownfield Redevelopment– Analyzing

current trends for Mumbai
Anindita Mandal
The University of Auckland, aman141@aucklanduni.ac.nz
Hugh Byrd
The University of Auckland, h.byrd@auckland.ac.nz
Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to analyse the negative impact of increasing density on infrastructure and
environment and devising ways to minimise them in large scale brownfield redevelopment projects. The focus
is on the old residential/mixed-use area of the Island-City of Mumbai, India, covering an area of about 16500
acres.Due to its geographical constraints and outmoded infrastructure, it can no longer keep pace with the
increasing population and fragmented growth. To encourage the redevelopment of these low-rise, old and
dilapidated buildings, and to increase the average floor-space ratio (FSI), the Government of Maharashtrais
providing additional FSI as incentive. High-rise residential buildings are being promoted as a sustainable
solution by the government and researchers alike, with almost no consideration of the environmental impact of
increased density. Also, it does not take into account the finite resource availability for which the city is
dependent on its hinterland or the potential for any new development to harness its own water or energy from
renewable resources.
This paper reviews the current research and analyzes the challenges and opportunities that the city provides
for a sustainable redevelopment. It describes the methodologies of comparative analysis adopted for
preliminary study and ecological foot-printing to analyse the redevelopment proposals. It seeks to analyse the
current trends in redevelopment and people’s lifestyles and provide sustainable solutions based not only on
resources and consumption within the city but also on the depleting resources from outside the city that feed
the population and power the economy.
Keywords: Mumbai, sustainable, density, ecological footprint

220
Morphological changes in urban housing redevelopment:

how does urban housing redevelopment affect urban
contexts in Korea
Youngchul Kim
Candidate in Architecture
University of Michigan
zeroiron@umich.edu
+1-734‐272‐5905
Abstract
This paper investigates how apartment oriented redevelopment transforms urban contexts in Korea.
Apartment neighbourhood redevelopment is commonly observed around residential areas in Korea. Since
apartment housing is a dominant housing type, it has been a naturally selected housing type in urban
housing redevelopment projects. Despite various constraints of residential neighbourhoods, apartment
housing is being constructed. Residential blocks in four apartment neighbourhood redevelopments in
Korea are analyzed: Weolgok R, Gongdeok R, Jangan H, and Yeoksam E apartment estates. These
cases are categorized according to original contexts of residential area – single family housing and
apartment housing neighbourhoods, and the small and large numbers of housing units. 108 maps and
162 surveys have been collected and analyzed. Changes from 1976 to 2007 are chronologically
investigated, and physical changes before and after redevelopment are analyzed. Additionally, residential
cognitions of each apartment neighbourhood are investigated. In conclusion, after redevelopment,
contexts of four apartment estates are segregated from neighbouring contexts by those apartment
estates. From single family housing to apartment housing, morphological changes are more significant
than changes from old to new apartment housing. These neighbourhoods have been differentiated after
apartment redevelopment and include more and larger, open spaces. From old to new apartment
housing, morphological changes focus on re-arrangement of open space and buildings. These
neighbourhoods are included more consolidated, larger open spaces. Regardless of the numbers of
housing units, contexts in the four apartment states become their own contexts, consisting of larger
apartment building, concentrated open spaces, and disconnected block shapes.
Keywords: urban redevelopment, apartment estate, morphological change, segregation

221
The territorial performance of urban form: relating utility to

spatial configuration in Malmö
Eva Minoura Alexander Ståhle

KTH School of Architecture and the Built School of Architecture and the Built Environment
Environment KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Royal Institute of Technology
Östermalmsgatan 26, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Meta Berghauser Pont
Sweden School of Architecture and the Built Environment
eva.minoura@arch.kth. KTH Royal Institute of Technology
+46 [0] 73 084 11 28
Abstract
Planning of suburban areas in Sweden between 1930-80 followed a strong sociopolitical program and
modernist planning doctrine that created patches of open space that are neither public, common, nor
private. In our observations, open blocks, acessible back and front yards, facades lacking entrances and
invisible property lines are aspects of urban form that create such zones of uncertainty – ‘ambiterritories’.
(Preliminary) results show that when possible, residents attempt to erase ambiterritory by enhancing
borders and spatial claims. This tendency is especially strong when rental apartments become tenant-
owned. Interviews show that from a real-estate maintenance perspective, territorially vague areas are
harder to control, leading to lack of maintenance and depreciated environments.
Eight suburban districts in Malmö with a range of morphology and public space conditions were selected
for territorial analysis, investigating spatial configurations and the utility of open spaces. Objective
measures included spatial analysis conducted by territorial model to identify different social and legal
spaces as well as spatial objects (fences, hedges, gates etc.). Subjective measures were captured using
utility analysis conducted through 100 questionnaires per district to identify and confirm ambiterritories.
These inquired into perceptions as well as actual use of open spaces and courtyards in residential blocks.
On-site observation of use and traces of use (such as furniture, toys, plantings) were also analysed.
Finally, spatial analysis and utility analysis were correlated by map overlay techniques and by statistical
regression.
Keywords: spatial analysis, measures, map overlay, ‘ambiterritory’, public space, spatial configuration

222
Regional post-war planning, the modern tower block and

the low-carbon city: The case of the greater Toronto
region
Graeme Stewart Jason Thorne

ERA Architects ERA Architects
planningAlliance planningAlliance
10 St. Mary Street, Suite 801205-317 Adelaide jthorne@planningalliance.ca
St. 416.593.6499 x 340
W. Toronto, Ontario Toronto, Ontario M4Y 1P9
graemes@era.on.ca
416 963 4497 x 261
Abstract
The Greater Toronto Area contains a heritage of nearly 2,000 modernist post-war residential tower blocks
located throughout the region. Planned as an alternative to typical sprawl, the presence of this remarkable
collection of modern housing represents an architectural and planning legacy unique to North America.
Pushed to the margins in the years following the rejection of modernism in the 1970s, the future of these
communities has been absent from urban discourse for several decades. However, more recently, local
research and global precedents suggest that the inheritance of these higher density suburban
neighbourhoods may be catalytic to the creation of a more sustainable, prosperous and connected region,
able to meet the challenges of the 21st Century; accommodate low-carbon growth, alleviate poverty and
help grow the green economy. This potential has been of growing interest to Toronto area urbanists,
community organizers and policy makers, resulting in considerable research by Toronto area Universities
and practitioners as well as policy action by the City of Toronto.
This presentation will provide an overview of this growing initiative, including a discussion of the findings of
a recently published report on Tower Neighbourhood Renewal in Ontario’s Greater Golden Horseshoe
region. Co-authored by Graeme Stewart of ERA Architects and Jason Thorne of planningAlliance, this
report examines the current condition of post-war tower neighbourhoods, as well as their potential as
related to carbon reduction, rapid transport, poverty reduction, and regional growth. This report can be
found at www.cugr.ca, and further information can be found at www.towerreneal.com and
www.towerrenewal.ca.
Keywords: regional planning, modern planning, high-rise, renewal, sustainability, growth, transportation

223
Hybrid Suburbs: Towers and Subdivisions in Post-War

Toronto
Paul Hess
University of Toronto,
100 St.Georges St.
Sidney Smith Hall. Rm 5047
Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 3G3
hess@geog.utoronto.ca
416-978-4955
Abstract
This paper briefly examines some of the factors leading the development of Toronto’s unique post-World
War Two suburban landscape. In the three decades following World-War Two the Toronto urban region
underwent tremendous growth, expanding from a relatively compact city of about a million people prior to
1950 into a metropolitan region of over 3,000,000 people by 1975. During this period, new post-war
institutions for governance and planning helped implement a distinctly modernist vision for new suburban
growth areas. Although Toronto’s post-war suburbs contain many of the hall mark features of many of their
American analogues including new expressways, huge multi-lane arterial streets, and single-family
subdivisions planned around local streets and school sites, much more than in the United States, large
scale apartment development was integral to the suburban transformation of the region with, by the mid-
1960’s, more than 7 in10 housing starts in multi-family buildings. These suburbs can be seen as a highly
realized but hybrid form of mid-century modernism. Apartments clusters were often carefully planned
along with public facilities along the lines of the new modernist European housing estates of the period,
but more like suburbanization in the United States, relied on the operation of a strong private property
regime with an emphasis on single-family houses organized as Neighbourhood Units. This paper explores
the planning regime that shaped this unique suburban from but examining ‘the Peanut'; a publically
planned but privately developed community containing nearly three dozen towers, developed at the fringes
of Toronto in the 1960s.
Keywords: Suburbs, apartments, post-war planning, Toronto

224
Regenerating Macau-Zhuhai’s Water Space
Hendrik Tieben Thomas Chung

Chinese University of Hong Kong Chinese University of Hong Kong
610G Wong Foo Yuan Bld, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong, SAR
hktieben@cuhk.edu.hk
+852 6741 3262
Abstract
Since the discussions about Macau’s handover to Mainland China (1987-1999), the liberalization of the
gaming monopoly (2002) and the UNESCO World Heritage listing (2005), the former Portuguese enclave
is attracting increased interest of international scholars. Recent studies focused on Macau’s heritage
areas and its casino and tourism development. With the proceeding integration of Macau into the Pearl
River Delta, it becomes important to shift the attention and understand the relationship Macau’s to its
rapidly growing neighbor city, Zhuhai. Important environmental issues such as the increased vehicular
traffic, air & water pollution, as well as social challenges caused by mass tourism and migration need to
be understood and addressed in a cross border perspective. The cooperation between the two cities
remains still limited to large scale infrastructure projects while decisions on a smaller urban scale are
hindered by separated political entities, planning cultures, and a lack of communication. Therefore, this
study is opening a new perspective by focusing on the water space which both cities share. It traces the
urban morphology and history on both sides and reveals their complex interrelationship. Through the
water space both sides have long been connected. Based on a study of the past and current
development, the paper is identifying main challenges and opportunities. Eventually, the authors propose
the regeneration of the water space as a joint public asset, thus addressing the challenges of both cities
together and could give them a shared vision.
Keywords: macau, china, urban morphology, world heritage, border cities, environment, water space

225
Urban Qualities of Tokyo's High-density Low-rise

Residential Areas: A Case Study
Saki Mizuguchi Darko Radovic

Master of Science Candidate Faculty of Science and Technology
MIT Keio University
224 Albany St. Room 249 Cambridge 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Office 14-620A, Kohoku-ku,
MA, 02139 USA Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
saki_m@mit.edu radovic@sd.keio.ac.jp
Jorge Almazan
Faculty of Science and Technology
Keio University
-14-1 Hiyoshi, Office 14-620E, Kohoku-ku,
Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
almazan@sd.keio.ac.jp
+81-45-566-1805
Abstract
This article aims to identify a set of urban qualities that can be observed in low-rise residential areas with
high population density in Tokyo, based on an extensive fieldwork and mapping in one study case area.
The original planning of this type of areas was inspired by the Garden City theory but throughout time
they have developed into different and original urban patterns. The focus is on those patterns which
contribute to livability, such as gap spaces, distributed greenery, remnants of activity and gradation of
privacy. The awareness of these qualities is meant firstly as a respectful start point to address problems
affecting these areas. Secondly, as an inspirational urban model for suburban low-rise residential areas
that are seeking ways to achieve higher sustainability by increasing their population density.
Keywords: Tokyo, urban morphology, residential areas, sustainability, high-density, low-rise

226
The impact of new housing planning policy in Brazilian

cities
Maria Cristina Villefort Teixeira Paulo Henrique Alonso

Architecture School Architecture School
Federal University of Minas Gerais Federal University of Minas Gerais
mcrisvt@gmail.com paulohalonso@hotmail.com
Stael de Alvarenga Pereira Costa,

Architecture School
spcosta@arq.ufmg.br
Abstract
The Central Brazilian Housing Department put forward new planning policies to improve the housing
conditions in the country, in the end of 2008. Among several recommendations there is one regarded the
Local Housing Planning policy to improve the low-cost dwellings of the cities, which most are located
along the river banks or on slopes of the mountains, forming the traditional favelas. Their morphological
structure is very different from the formal planning units of the city, without infrastructure, once that
housing schemes are products of citizen’s decisions. This difference in the urban space brings
consequences in their way of life. The Public Architecture Laboratory of the Architecture School/UFMG,
Brazil, executed some of these Housing Plans. The diagnosis of this situation led to new urban
organization, considering that these houses were constructed without bearing the rules and local
legislation. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the application of that Plan and share our
work in order to attract further research to contribute to the development of concepts to new planning
policies, especially those that refers to housing problems, which can certainly provide a better way of life
to these people.

227
Atelier BUILD: Interstitial Interventions within Plateau Mont-

Royal, Montreal
Michael Carroll
Department of Architecture
Southern Polytechnic State University
404 545 5915
michaelcarroll1@mac.com
Abstract
Since it's founding in 1995, atelier BUILD have designed and built several urban infill projects within the
Plateau. The projects, usually sited on marginal interstitial lots, have contributed to the consolidation
and coherency of the urban fabric with the introduction of discrete architectural interventions that
challenge notions of domesticity and historical context.
Within their design process a healthy balance is constantly being negotiated between generic building
practices and a custom design sensibility. The inherent domestic nature of the projects is tempered by an
industrial sensibility – the result is a series of urban infiltrations that make an argument for a leaner more
urbane architecture for city life. As well as paying attention to the ‘local specificities’ their design
strategies attempt to address the larger issues of urban, cultural and ecological sustainability.
Although fragmented, piecemeal and domestic in scale, the individual projects are directed towards a
more ambitious one – the collective act of making a city. The relation of the part to the whole, and the
notion that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, is a central focus of the work. Through a series
of interstitial interventions on marginal sites, the projects in their totality attempt to repair and strengthen
the coherence of the urban block, add to its formal and material complexity, and increase the density and
the diversity of its inhabitants.
Key words: Case studies of urban form in North America, typological research and design, legislation
and urban form

228
Urban morphology and urban transformation: The impact of

gated condominiums
Antônio Tarcísio Reis Débora Becker

PROPUR, School of Architecture PROPUR, School of Architecture
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
tarcisio@orion.ufrgs.br
+ 55 51 3333 3091
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to discuss urban morphology and urban transformation within the context of
some Brazilian cities, focusing on the impact on consolidated urban fabric generated by either horizontal or
vertical gated condominiums enclosed by visual and physical barriers. The cities of Porto Alegre, in the south,
and Fortaleza, in the northeast, are considered. Traditionally in Brazil, as in many cities around the world,
buildings have had a direct relationship with the street, with doors and windows facing the street and people on
these public spaces looking at visually permeable interfaces, namely, the buildings facades. Therefore, the
relationship between the public open spaces of streets and adjacent buildings has being one of visual
connections, with those inside buildings looking at the streets and those in the streets looking at buildings.
However, these relationships have been transformed in many cities worldwide with the construction of gated
condominiums, including cities in Brazil. Buildings facades have been replaced by visually impermeable
physical barriers, such as blank walls, breaking the traditional relationship between the buildings and the public
streets. This is the case of horizontal gated condominiums in Porto Alegre and vertical ones in Fortaleza,
located in consolidated urban areas in these cities. The main detected impact on urban morphology as a result
of urban transformation generated by the referred gated condominiums tend to be negative, for example,
concerning the aesthetics of urban spaces and perception of security on these spaces, and to decrease the
quality of urban experience.
Key Words: urban morphology, urban transformation, gated condominiums

229
Territory and urban form in northern Parana State townscapes
Silvia Ferreira Wilian Destefani

Departamento de Arquitetura e Urbanismo Departamento de Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Universidade Estadual de Maringá Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Departamento de Arquitetura e Urbanismo Bloco
32 Renato Rego
Av. Colombo 5790 - Maringá, PR – Brazil Universidade Estadual de Maringá
87020-900
(55) 44 32279072
Abstract
This paper analyzes how the natural environment affected the planning process and layout of new towns in the
north region of Paraná State, Brazil. As published elsewhere, a network of nearly a hundred planned new
towns was founded in that agricultural region in the first half of twentieth century, following a pioneering British
development scheme. Planned new towns created by private land-speculation enterprises in colonization
zones normally tend to depict indiscriminately regular urban forms and arbitrarily orthogonal patterns with little
attention to environmental, spatial, and aesthetics topics. However, northern Paraná State new towns
presented different outlines. As this paper is about to show, the adopted planning strategy was conditioned for
certain environmental concerns; thus, the grid, as a straightforward planning pattern, was circumstantially
adapted as to determine special structure and shape each new town.
Keywords: new towns, town layout, urban history.

230
User perception of the overload condition of commercial

sings in urban settings: a Brazilian Case Study
Vanessa Casarin, Msc. Dr. Alina Gonçalves Santiago

Doctoral Candidate, Architecture and Urban Planning
Architecture and Urban Planning Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil alina.santiago@pq.cnpq.br
vanessa.arq@gmail.com 55 48 3721 9797
55 48 3334 7095
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a research conducted in Brazil in order to obtain the perception of citizens
on the advertising signs in commercial streetscapes. It describes the main factors that influence people to like
or dislike certain urban landscapes such those overloaded by commercial signs, a common situation in
Brazilian medium and big cities, most of them without a proper regulation. A case study at a medium city in
the south of Brazil, called Santa Maria, was developed in order to help to find the answers to the research
questions. The qualitative study, based on the perception the users had from commercial signs in the
streetscape, were conducted through a face to face interview with 32 subjects in and around the street divided
in two groups: local workers and eventual users. The preliminary results were grouped into categories of
analysis in order to accomplish the final results which indicate that most people dislike the analyzed setting
doe to the visual overload condition of stimulus between other factors including traffic, pavement and
cleanness. Users mention that commercial signs must be planned, regulated and monitored by the
municipality. Some initiatives were recently carried out by the government in São Paulo, that seemed to be
very strict at first and criticized by the population, but it represents the first step for the Landscape Master Plan
being develop. It is important to mention that governmental initiatives should be supported by the population to
be successful.
Keywords: commercial signs, urban landscape, urban perception

231
Commercial architectural and urban planning practice in a global

context: A case study of the ANMA practice (Agence Nicolas
Michelin et Associés), social, spatial and ecological sustainability
Nicholas Taylor
Urban policy and planning Consultant
Agence Nicolas Michelin et Associés
nico.taylor@hotmail.com
+33 (0)6 11 80 03 35
Abstract
As a large practice which works on both master-planning and architecture ANMA Agence Nicolas Michelin et
Associés (honorable merit prize winners in this year’s Equerre d’Argent Architecture Prize) pioneers
morphological paradigms in commercial practice. ANMA’s recent success has come through the design of
extraordinary and yet ordinary structures and urban plans. Their structures are conceived of as contextual
additions to the existing urban form and which underscore the traits of existing built characteristics through the
use of ecological approaches and light-weight paradigms. The firm’s “ultra-contextual” approach outlined in
many of Nicolas Michelin’s publications is critically explored in relation to the tenets of morphological analysis.
To what extent do such forms and structure encourage coherent place-based land use and achieve ecological
sustainability?
The paper argues, through the use of examples ANMA’s work, how morphological premises can be applied to
modern practice and be successfully combined principles of ecological city building. New neighbourhoods and
housing developments in the cities of Lille, Metz and Dunkirk as well as architectural projects such as the
Rouen water board HQ, or the “Piscine” theatre in Châtenay-Malabry are critically examined in relation to
British, Italian and French schools of morphological analysis. The paper concludes by exploring how this
contextual approach fits within current global architecture and planning trends while focusing on the following
question:
How can we understand such approaches in the context of “Starchitect” designed structures today? Could
contextual approaches become the new norm in commercial developments worldwide?
Keywords: Practice, context, ANMA, ordinary, extraordinary, sustainability

232
INNOVATIONCITY: A Competition for a Sustainable Urban

District in the Ruhr-Metropolis
Hajo Neis, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of Architecture and Director
of Portland Urban Architecture Research
Laboratory
(PUARL), Department of Architecture
University of Oregon, Portland, Oregon, USA
70 N.W. Couch St., Room 459
Portland, OR 97209
Tel USA + (503) 412 3731
Fax (503) 412 3745
HajoNeis@aol.com
Abstract
InnovationCity started out in 2009 as an urban initiative in the Ruhr Metropolitan Area of Germany for
identifying and developing large urban sustainable districts in the 30 or so cities that form the Ruhr-Metropolis.
In 2010 InnovationCity took the form of a competition, in which all cities (or combination of cities) could
participate and propose an area in their boundaries that would be developed as a showcase of urban
sustainable development. The competition areas needed to include about 50,000 inhabitants, but also
commercial areas, industry, office zones, and educational and recreational facilities -- a typical cross-section
of the urban Ruhr Metropolis. The overall objective of the competition is to develop concepts for the reduction
of CO2, and practical adaptation to the climate change in a sustainable urban development process
accompanied by very practical ways of implementation.
In the two-phase competition, five cities were selected to enter a second and final round. The author was part
of a competition team for one of the five cities, the City of Essen, located at the center of the Ruhr Metropolis.
He will present the specific efforts made by the City of Essen Team for a large urban mixed use urban area
that includes two full neighborhoods, a large modern office campus, and the University of Essen with its own
plan for a green urban campus. The impact on urban morphology with the measures of implementation
proposed will be of special interest here. The paper will end with a description and analysis of the efforts made
by the first three winners (including the city of Essen) and describe and analyze three different approaches to
InnovationCity. Although the City of Essen did not win the first prize and will not get the benefits of extended
funding for development of an InnovationCity urban district, the City decided to continue the project under a
different program called KLIMA-WERKSTATT ESSEN.

233
Sections of the city: architecturalising the tools of

urban morphology
Angela Barbeler Mirko Guaralda

School of Design School of Design
Queensland University of Technology Queensland University of Technology
2 George Street GPO 2 George Street GPO
Box 2434 Brisbane Qld 4001, Australia Box 2434 Brisbane Qld 4001, Australia
a_barbeler@hotmail.com
+61 438 738 202
Abstract
The study of urban morphology has become an expanding field of research within the architectural
discipline, providing theories to be used as tools in the understanding and design of urban landscapes
from the past, the present and into the future. Drawing upon contemporary architectural design theory, this
investigation reveals what a sectional analysis of an urban landscape can add to the existing research
methods within this field. This paper conducts an enquiry into the use of the section as a tool for urban
morphological analysis. Following the methodology of the British school of urban morphology, sections
through the urban fabric of the case study city of Brisbane are compared. The results are categorised to
depict changes in scale, components and utilisation throughout various timeframes. The key findings
illustrate how the section, when read in conjunction with the plan can be used to interpret changes to urban
form and the relationship that this has to the quality of the urban environment in the contemporary city.
Keywords: urban morphology, methodology, plan, section, urban environment

234
Structural morphological categories: geometric attributes of

the form of places
Maria Angela Dias

Architect and Urban Planner
FAU/UFRJ, Brazil
Avenida João Luis Alves 338/501,
CEP: 22.291-090
magelias@uol.com.br
Abstract
We know how to interpret the city is a complex task that met the physical form and also all the images that
are transmitted by the sensations. However the aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of
studying the morphological categories, using the geometric attributes of the shape of places, facilitating the
development of three-dimensional view of the architects, in particular for students of architecture.
This article is part of the Project "Education of the Eye" which introduces the training of the eye as a
strategy to understand the architectural forms characterizing the volumetric space (architectural, urban and
landscaping), through the polyhedra and their relationships. Is linked to the research line Teaching of
Architecture Graduate Program in Architecture -PROARQFAU/UFRJ.
The investigation of the way in this direction, interacts with the knowledge produced by the groups SEL-RJ
- Research Group on Systems of Open Spaces in Rio de Janeiro, ProLUGAR Design and Quality of Place
and EAG - Education-Environment Group.
key words: morfologia urbana; geometria e morfologia; morfologia e habilidade espacial

235
Variations in the syntactic structures of the public realm: a

case study of the 1748 Giambattista Nolli map of Rome
Dawn Haynie
Georgia Institute of Technology,
245 4th St. NW , Atlanta GA. 30332-0155
dhaynie_ddesign@earthlink.net
404 373 5365
Abstract
Often, those studying syntactic structures have focused either on the traditional notion of the public realm –
the space most commonly described as the street, or the private realm – defined often as simply the area
within the building interior. Few have investigated if or how the intelligible structure of the city is shifted
when these two realms are considered concurrently. Does the inclusion of publicly accessible, interior
space as part of the traditional urban syntactic analysis affect the resulting intelligible structure of the city?
With Nolli’s 1748 plan of Rome as a case study, the densest, most central section of the map is used to
create a comparative analysis to explore this central question. First, a syntactic analysis is constructed
from the traditional definition of the city as the street structure; it is subsequently analyzed; and the core
cognitive structure is extracted. As a comparison, the syntactic analysis is reconstructed with the inclusion
of Nolli’s interior spaces, as illustrated within the map, added to that of the traditional street structure. The
inclusion of the interior spaces as an added layer of complexity in the analysis illustrates that particular
areas within the traditionally public structure do become more integrated, and associated shifts can be
seen within the intelligible as well as core cognitive structure. These results emphasize the importance and
necessity for considering comprehensive spatial relationships when designing the public realm.
Key words: urban morphology, syntactic analysis, Rome

236
Time Operations
Cidália Silva
University of Minho
de Santa Catarina nº 996 4 Esq.
4000-447 Porto, Portugal
cidalia@arquitectura.uminho.pt
00351910416292
Abstract
This paper focuses on ‘time’ as a powerful topic with regard to urban landscapes transformation. More
than space and place it is time which lacks a deeper investigation. It disapproves ‘project as control’
welcoming ‘uncertainty’ as a joyful part of the researched ‘indeterminate project’, which works the
coexistence between present-past-future (Kümmel, 1968).
To do so, four time operations are presented: Gleaning, Grounding, Vocating and Transmuting. As
Gleaners we look for remnant things to trigger the project. Either in the place and outside it, it surpasses its
physical limits, and welcomes chance. Grounding operates by places’ time traces open to unpredictable
changes. Vocating is an ‘inclination to’… is simultaneously specific: it operates by features of real space
and indeterminate: it operates by not knowing the uses. Transmuting is both dynamical: it operates by
changing a device into another – and incomplete: it operates by external chances ‘if’.
Architecture is here considered a crossing scales practice operating both at large and small scales. Not a
‘manual of recipes’, these operations are created as insights for an indeterminate methodology consistent
with the indeterminacy of the topic itself. It aims to trigger the mind to create in-between projects that
engage with what-already-is-there-and-the-unexpected.
Keywords: uncertainty, indeterminate project, places’ time traces and chance

237
ISUF 2011
PROGRAM | List of Participants

Adamczyk, Beata (Polish Academy of Sciences) Session 2.3 p. 129

Adams, David (Birmingham City University) Session 1.1 p. 169
Adhya, Anirban (Lawrence Technological University) Session 1.5 p. 113
Adolphe, Luc (École Nationale Supérieure Session 10.5 p. 165
Aghili, Mahdieh (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) Session 3.2 p. 155
Ait‐Haddou, Hassan (École Nationale Supérieure Session 10.5 p. 165
Akamine, Rogério (Universidade de São Paulo) Session 4.2 p. 99
Akins, Edwin E. II (Southern Polytechnic State University) Session 1.4 p. 42
Alam, Bhuiyan (University of Toledo) Session 3.2 p. 152
Alam, Mohammad Ariful (American International Session 1.1 p. 168
University Bangladesh)
Alaniz Uribe, Francisco (University of Calgary) Sessions 4.1, 11.2 p. 157, 196
Alburgawi, Saeed Ali H (University of Sydney) Session 6.4 p. 82
Alcântara Pereira, Denise (Universidade Federal do Session 10.3 p. 207
Rio de Janeiro)
Allan, Penny (Victoria University of Wellington) Session 10.3 p. 209
Almazan, Jorge (Keio University) Session 7.3 p. 226
Alvarenga Pereira Costa, Stael (Federal University Session 8.5 p. 105
of Minas Gerais)
Alzahrani, Adel (School of Architecture and Design Research) Session 1.3 p. 26

Antonucci, Denise (Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie) Session 6.2 p. 202
Ariga, Takashi (Waseda University) Session 8.4 p. 88
Arku, Godwin (University of Western Ontario) Session 3.4 p. 46
Bachiri, Nabila (Université Laval) Sessions 2.2, 3.2, 5.6 p. 151, 154, 162
Baranowski, Jarek (Polish Academy of Sciences) Session 2.3 p. 129
Barbeler, Angela (Queensland University of Technology) Sessions 2.2, 9,2 p. 150, 234
Barbolini, Fausto (Università degli studi di Bologna) Session 6.2 p. 204
Barke, Michael (Northumbria University) Session 7.2 p. 73
Barreiros Proença, Sérgio (Technical University of Lisbon) Session 4.2 p. 97
Bartolini, Alessio (Università degli Studi di Bologna) Session 2.1 p. 188
238
Becker, Débora (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul) Session 8.3 p. 229
Beisl Ramos, Tânia Liani (Technical University of Lisbon) Session 7.4 p. 86
Beloto, Gislaine E. (Universidade Estadual de Maringá) Session 5.4 p. 103
Belushkin, Mikhail (Maritime State University) Session 1.4 p. 41
Bender, Corinne (University of Western Ontario)
Benyounes-Ferahta, Latifa (Laboratoire de recherche Session 10.1 p. 178
VUDD, EPAU)
Bergeron, Onil (Mcgill University) Session 1.2 p. 127
Berghauser Pont, Meta (Delft University of Technology) Sessions 2.3, 4.5a, p. 37, 38,
4.5b, 6.3 130, 222
Bin Lamit, Hasanuddin (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) Session 3.2 p. 155
Blazejczyk, Krzysztof (Polish Academy of Sciences) Session 2.3 p. 129
Bonhomme, Marion; (École Nationale Supérieure Session 10.5 p. 165
Bonneaud, Frederic (University of Toulouse) Session 3.1 p. 191
Bornstein, Lisa (McGill University) Session 8.2 p. 63
Boucher, Sophie (Université Laval) Sessions 2.2, 3.2 p. 151, 153
Braga, Yara (Universidade do Vale do Paraíba) Session 7.4 p. 85
Braiden, Heather (McGill University) Session 1.4 p. 40
Brand Zook, Julie (Georgia Institute of Technology) Session 3.2 p. 154
Bretschneider, Betul (Vienna University of Technology) Session 5.5 p. 212
Brigden, Thomas (Newcastle University) Session 9.3 p. 70
Brochu, Joanne (ESAD-Université Laval) Session 10.1 p. 181
Brown, Matthew (FCB Studios) Session 7.2 p. 75
Bui, To Uyen (University of Toulouse) Session 3.1 p. 191
Byrd, Hugh (The University of Auckland) Session 4.4 p. 220
Callais, Chantal (École nationale supérieure Session 6.1 p. 172
d’architecture et de paysage de Bordeaux)
Cardeman, Rogerio Goldfeld (Universidade Federal do Session 11.3 p. 214
Rio de Janeiro)
Cardoso Maciel, Marieta (Federal University of Minas Gerais) Session 8.5 p. 105
Carissimo, Bertrand (CEREA ENPC/ EDF R&D Session 9.1 p. 145
École des Ponts ParisTech)
Carlos Guimarães, Antonio (Universidade do Vale do Paraíba) Session 7.4 p. 85
Carnevale Vianna, Paula Vilhena (Universidade do Session 10.3 p. 206
Vale do Paraiba)
239
Carroll, Michael (Southern Polytechnic State University) Session 7.3 p. 228
Carvalho, Thereza (Uiversidade Federal Fluminense) Session 11.4 p. 54
Casarin, Vanessa (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina) Sessions 5.6, 8.3 p. 160, 231
Castriota, Leonardo (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) Session 3.4 p. 49
Chang, Pen-Yi (University of Tokyo) Session 9.4 p. 94
Chavez, Michelle Ladd (Université Laval) Session 2.2 p. 151
Chen, Bo (South China University of Technology) Session 10.2 p. 117
Chen, Fei (University of Liverpool) Session 2.4 p. 44
Chen, Jintang (South China University of Technology) Session 5.2 p. 109
Cheng, Min (Nanjing University) Sessions 2.3, 3.3, p. 131, 1365,
4.3, 5,3 139, 142
Choi, Eunyoung (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) Session 2.2 p. 149
Chong, Adrian (National University of Singapore) Session 4.3 p. 138
Christen, Andreas (University of British Columbia) Sessions 1.2, 4.3 p. 127, 137
Chun, Liang Tan (National University of Singapore) Session 3.3 p. 133
Chung, Thomas (Chinese University of Hong Kong) Session 7.3 p. 225
Clark, Thomas A. (University of Colorado Denver) Session 10.5 p. 163
Cocozza, Glauco de Paula (Federal University of Uberlândia) Sessions 1.5, 5.4 p. 101, 112
Coelho, Carlos Dias (Technical University of Lisbon) Session 11.4 p. 54
Colenbrander, Bernard (Eindhoven University of Technology) Session 9.4 p. 95
Conzen, Michael (University of Chicago, President of ISUF) Session 12.1 Plenary
Corner, Donald B. (University of Oregon) Session 4.2 p. 96
Correia, Jorge (University of Minho) Session 6.5 p. 121
Costa Capillé, Cauê (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) Session 5.1 p. 201
Crawford, B. (University of British Columbia) Session 1.2 p. 127
Custódio, Vanderli (Universidade de São Paulo) Session 4.2 p. 98
da Silva Donizeti, Eder (Federal University of Sergipe) Session 3.4 p. 48
da Silva, Jonathas Magalhães Pereira (Pontifical Session 5.5, 6.2 p. 205, 213
Catholic University of Campinas)
da Silveira, Aline M. (Universidade Estadual de Maringá) Session 5.4 p. 103
Davidovichi-Marton, Ronit (D.M.R Planning and
Development) Session 4.1 p. 197
Davis, Howard (University of Oregon) Session 7.2 p. 75
de Alvarenga Pereira Costa, Stael (Federal University of Session 7.3 p. 227
Minas Gerais)
de Arruda Campos, Ana Cecilia (Universidade de São Paulo) Session 4.2 p. 98

de Azevedo Isidoro, Inês (Universidade Federal do Session 8.5 p. 107
240
Rio de Janeiro)
de Freitas, Priscila Maria (Universidade do Vale do Paraíba) Session 10.1 p. 182
de Holanda, Frederico (University of Brasília) Session 8.4 p. 91
de Oliveira Figueiredo, Noêmia (Federal Rural University Session 10.3 p. 207
of Rio de Janeiro)
de Oliveira, Lucas Martins (Federal University of Uberlândia) Session 5.4 p. 101
De Smet, Fabian (Université de Liège) Session 8.1 p. 51
de Sousa Tenorio, Gabriela (University of Brasília) Session 8.4 p. 91
de Souza, Adriane Aparecida Moreira (University of Session 4.4 p. 218
São Paulo and University of Vale do Paraíba)
de Souza, Maria Julieta Nunes (Universidade Federal do Session 10.3 p. 207
Rio de Janeiro)
Degreas, Helena (Universidade de São Paulo) Session 4.2 p. 98
Dell’Acqua, Adolfo C. (University of Bologna) Session 5.1 p. 199
Deng, Xian Yeng (South China University of Technology) Session 10.2 p. 118
Després, Carole (Université Laval) Sessions 2.2, 3.2, p. 53, 151,
5.6, 8.1 153, 162
Destefani, Wiliam (Universidade Estadual de Maringá) Session 8.3 p. 230
Di Almeida Vieira, Patrick (Universidade de Brasília) Session 5.6 p. 161
Dias Fernandes, Ludmila (Universidade de Brasília) Session 4.2 p. 99
Dias Lay, Maria Cristina (Universidade Federal do Session 8.4 p. 90
Rio Grande do Sul)
Dias, Maria Angela (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) Sessions 9.2, 10.3 p. 207, 235
Du, Shun Bao (Nanjing University) Session 5.4 p. 100
Duarte Santos, Jaqueline (Universidade Federal Session 3.4 p. 49
de Minas Gerais)
Dubois, Catherine (Université Laval) Session 3.3 p. 136
Dufaux, Francois (Université Laval) Sessions 6.5, 9.3 p. 69, 119
Dujardin, Sébastien (Université de Liège) Session 9.1 p. 146
Dunn, Elizabeth (National Trust for Historic Preservation) Sessions 3.1, 5.1 p. 190, 200
Eckert, Ronald (Brandenburg University of Technology) Session 10.5 p. 164
Eguchi, Kumi (University of Tokyo) Session 6.4 p. 80
El-Khouri, Lamia (Yarmouk University) Session 7.5 p. 124
Emmanuel, Rohinton (Glasgow Caledonian University) Session 5.3 p. 140
241

Epstein, Clarence (Concordia University, Opening Session
Office of the President and Vice-Chancellor)
Evenden, Leonard (Simon Fraser University) Session 1.5 p. 114
Fernandes Queiroga, Eugenio (National Council for Session 4.2 p. 98
Scientific and Technological Development)
Fernandez, Pierre (University of Toulouse) Session 3.1 p. 191
Ferrante, Annarita (Università degli studi di Bologna) Sessions 5.1, 6.2 p. 199, 204
Ferreira, Silvia (Universidade Estadual de Maringá) Session 8.3 p. 230
Filion, Pierre (University of Waterloo) Session 3.1 p. 192
Firley, Eric (University of Miami) Session 7.1 p. 177
Fleming, William Michael (MidTown Cleveland, Inc.)
Fu, Shulan (University of Tokyo) Session 5.2 p. 110
Furukawa, Naoaki (Waseda Research Institute of Session 5.2 p. 109
Science and Engineering)
Galender, Fany (Universidade de São Paulo) Session 4.2 p. 98
Ganjavie, Amir (University of Toronto) Session 2.1 p. 187
Garcia, Emilio (Victoria University of Wellington) Session 10.3 p. 209
Gaubatz, Piper (University of Massachusetts Amherst) Session 2.1 p. 189
Gauthier, Pierre (Concordia University) Sessions 4.5, 11.4 p. 39, 57
Ghafouri, Mehdi (Concordia University)
Giaimo, Joey (ERA Architects Inc.) Session 8.4 p. 89
Gilliland, Jason (University of Western Ontario) Sessions 2.3, 3.4 p. 46, 132
Gomes Takimoto, Paulo Victor (Arquiteto pela Universidade Session 6.2 p. 202
Presbiteriana )
Gonçalves Santiago, Alina (Universidade Federal Sessions 5.6, 8.3, 9.4 p. 92, 160, 231
de Santa Catarina)
Gravel, Lee (Simon Fraser University) Session 1.5 p. 114
Griffiths, Sam (University College of London) Session 1.3 p. 27
Gu, Kai (University of Auckland) Session 5.2 p. 111
Gu, Zhiqin (University of Auckland)
Guaralda, Mirko (Queensland University of Technology) Sessions 2.2, 9.2 p. 150, 234
Guarda, Israel (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) Session 1.1 p. 167
Guardigli, Luca (Università degli studi di Bologna) Session 6.2 p. 204
Guedouh, Merouane Samir (Université de Biskra) Session 9.1 p. 147
Guenet, Michel (Université de Montréal) Session 8.2 p. 64
Guerreiro, Maria Rosália (University Institute of Lisbon) Session 1.1 p. 167
242
Guimarães, Antonio Carlos Machado Session 10.4 p. 65
(Universidade do Vale do Paraíba)
Gurbuz, Catherine (ULB Faculté d’architecture Session 7.1 p. 175

La Cambre-Horta)
Gwiazdzinski, Luc (Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble) Session 6.1 p. 171
Hakull, Kent (University of Waterloo) Session 3.1 p. 192
Hallak, Essam (Concordia University) Session 9.5 p. 60
Han, Ling Yun (Nanjing University) Session 5.4 p. 100
Hausleitner, Birgit (TU Delft) Session 4.5 p. 38
Haynie, Dawn (Georgia Institute of Technology) Sessions 2.5, 9.2 p. 31, 236
Hein, Carola (Bryn Mawr College) Session 11.5 p. 78
Henrique Alonso, Paulo (Federal University of Minas Gerais) Session 7.3 p. 227
Hess, Paul (University of Toronto) Session 6.3 p. 224
Hu, Xiaoxuan (Nanjing University) Sessions 2.3, 3.3, 5.3 p. 131, 135, 142
Hu, Yue (Concordia University) Session 7.2 p. 74
Ignatius, Marcel (National University of Singapore) Session 3.3 p. 134
Iltanen Sanna (Tampere University of Technology) Session 11.2 p. 156
Islam, A.K.M. Kausarul (Concordia University) Session 10.4 p. 66
Islam, Nabanita (National University of Singapore) Session 3.3 p. 134
Jacobson, Wendy (College of Architecture and Urban Studies) Session 1.3 p. 26
Jaeger, Jochen A.G. (Concordia University) Sessions 3.5, 11.2 p. 33, 159
Jalili, Farhad (City of Vaughan)
Jeanmonod, Thierry (l’École Nationale Supérieure Session 8.1 p. 50
d’Architecture et de Paysage de Bordeaux)
Juan, Anna (CMW-CNRS) Session 7.1 p. 174

Jucelia, Oliveira (Universidade do Vale do Paraiba) Session 10.3 p. 206
Jusuf, Steve Kardinal (National University of Singapore) Sessions 3.3, 3.3b p. 133, 134
Kambli, Namita (University of Auckland) Session 9.5 p. 58
Kawahara, Susumu (Waseda Research Institute of Session 5.2 p. 109
Science and Engineering)
Kayal, Amir (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) Session 3.2 p. 155
Kellett, Ronald (University of British Columbia) Session 4.3 p. 137
Kemp, Jordan (McGill University)
Kickert, Conrad (University of Michigan) Session 11.5 p. 79
Kim, Kwang-Joong (Seoul National University) Session 1.3 p. 28
Kim, Youngchul (University of Michigan) Session 6.3 p. 221
243
Knight, Alan (Université de Montréal) Session 11.4 p. 56
Kramer, Anna Session 4.1 p. 194
Krayenhoff, Eric Scott (University of British Columbia) Session 1.2 p. 128
Krim, Arthur (Boston Architectural College) Session 6.5 p. 120
Kristjánsdóttir, Sigrídur (Agricultural University of Iceland) Session 8.5 p. 106
Kruger, Eduardo (Glasgow Caledonian University) Session 5.3 p. 140
Kuchcik, Magda (Polish Academy of Sciences) Session 2.3 p. 129
Kukina, Irina V. (Siberian Federal University) Session 1.3 p. 25
Kumarasuriyar, Anoma (Queensland University of Technology) Session 2.2 p. 150
Kunert, Anna (Polish Academy of Sciences) Session 2.3 p. 129
Labeeuw, France-Laure (Université de Liège) Session 9.1 p. 146
Lambotte, Jean-Marc (Université de Liège) Session 9.1 p. 146
LaMontagne, Neal (City of Vancouver) Session 3.1 p. 193
Larkham, Peter (Birmingham City University) Session 1.1 p. 169
Larochelle, Pierre (Québec) Session 6.1 p. 173
Leblanc, Rémy (Victoria University of Wellington) Session 9.4 p. 93
Lee, Ivan (University of Western Ontario) Session 1.2 p. 128
Lee, Michelle (University of Waterloo) Session 3.1 p. 192
Legeby, Ann (Royal Institute of Technology KTH) Session 8.2 p. 63
Lehrer, Ute (York University) Session 3.1 p. 192
Lerman, Yoav (Tel-Aviv University) Session 2.2 p. 148
Leveiller, Thomas (Université de La Rochelle) Session 10.1 p. 179
Li, Ye (Concordia University) Session 10.2 p. 115
Ling, Ethan (Concordia University)
Long, Nathalie (Université de La Rochelle) Session 10.1 p. 179
Losonczi, Anna (Atlanta Georgia Tech)
Love, J. (Center for Sustainable Business Practices) Session 3.1 p. 190
Lustoza, Regina (Universidade Federal de Viçosa) Session 8.2 p. 61
MacDougall, Kent (Concordia University) Session 11.4 p. 57
Macedo, Joseli (University of Florida) Session 6.2 p. 203
Maciel, Marieta Cardoso (Federal University of Minas Gerais) Session 5.4 p. 102
Magalhães Pereira da Silva, Jonathas Sessions 4.2 10.3 p. 98, 208
(Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas)
Mahaut, Valérie (Université de Montréal) Session 11.1 p. 185
Malby, Matthew (University of Western Ontario)
Malhis, Shanta (University of Petra) Session 7.5 p. 122
244
Maltby, Matthew J. (University of Western Ontario) Session 2.3 p. 132

Mandal, Anindita (The University of Auckland) Session 4.4 p. 220
Marat-Mendes, Teresa (University Institute of Lisbon) Session 5.3 p. 141
Marcus, Lars (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) Sessions 2.1, 4.5, 10.4 p. 36, 67, 186
Marini Figueira dos Santos, Ana Carolina (Universidade do Session 10.4 p. 65
Vale do Paraíba)
Mariz Gonçalves, Fábio (Universidade de São Paulo) Session 4.2 p. 98
Marzot, Nicola (TU Delft Polytechnic) Session 7.5 p. 125
Mashhoodi, Bardia (TU Delft) Session 4.5 p. 37
Maumi, Catherine (École nationale supérieure d’architecture Session 6.1 p. 170
de Grenoble)
McCann, Bernard (University of Idaho)

McClure, Wendy R. (University of Idaho) Session 4.4 p. 219
McGurk, Tom (Concordia University) Session 3.5 p. 35
Mehreen, Rushdia (Concordia University) Session 11.2 p. 159
Meneguetti, Karin S (Universidade Estadual de Maringá) Session 5.4 p. 103
Mertenat Céline-Coralie (Université de Montréal) Session 7.1 p. 176
Messaoud, Meriem Belhaj (Université Laval) Session 8.1 p. 52
Messaoud, Ons Ben (École Nationale Supérieure Session 9.1 p. 144
d’Architecture de Nantes)
Milewski, Pawel (Polish Academy of Sciences) Session 2.3 p. 129

Milian, Guadalupe (Universidad Autónoma de Puebla) Session 8.2 p. 64
Miller, Patrick (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Session 1.3 p. 26
State University)
Milliez, Maya (CEREA ENPC/ EDF R&D Session 9.1 p. 145
Minoura, Eva (KTH RoyalInstitute of Technology) Session 6.3 p. 222
Mizuguchi, Saki (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Session 7.3 p. 226
Mohajeri, Nahid (University College London) Session 2.5 p. 29
Mohammadzadeh, Mohsen (University of Auckland) Session 7.2 p. 72
Montezuma, Rita de Cássia M. (Pontifical Catholic University Session 10.3 p. 207
of Rio de Janeiro)
Moreira Neto, Pedro Robeiro (Universidade do Vale Sessions 7.4, 10.1 p. 85, 180
do Paraíba)
Moretti, GianPiero (Université Laval) Session 11.4 p. 55

Morley, Ian (Chinese University of Hong Kong) Session 9.3 p. 71
245
Muminović, Milica (Keio University) Session 3.4 p. 47

Musson-Genon, Luc (CEREA ENPC/ EDF R&D Session 9.1 p. 145
Musy, Marjorie (École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture Session 9.1 p. 144
de Nantes)
Nasser, Noha (University of Greenwich) Session 11.3 p. 215
Neis, Hans Joachim Hajo (University of Oregon) Session 8.3 p. 233
Neuwels, Julie (ULB Faculté d’architecture La Cambre-Horta) Session 7.1 p. 175
Nik Luka (McGill University)
Nishimura, Yukio (University of Tokyo) Session 9.4 p. 94
Nogueira Herculano, Renata (Universidade FUMEC) Session 5.5 p. 210
Nogueira, Adriana Dantas (Federal University of Sergipe) Session 3.4 p. 48
Oliveira, Andria (University of Waterloo) Session 3.1 p. 192
Oliveira, Vitorio (Universidade do Porto) Session 5.1 p. 197
Olson, Sherry (McGill University) Session 7.4 p. 87
Ong, Jun Yi (University of Sydney) Session 11.5 p. 78
Osdoba, Tom (Center for Sustainable Business Practices) Session 3.1 p. 190
Paradis, David (ESAD-Université Laval) Session 10.1 p. 181
Parahyba, Natalia (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) Session 5.1 p. 201
Payette-Hamelin, Mathieu (Université de Montréal) Session 6.4 p. 83

Pearl, Daniel S. (Université de Montréal) Session 7.1 p. 176
Pereira Costa, Stael de Alvarenga (Federal University of Session 5.4 p. 102
Minas Gerais)
Pereira, Ana Rita (Eindhoven University of Technology) Session 9.4 p. 95
Pereira, Juliana Alves (Universidade Estadual de Maringá) Session 8.5 p. 104
Perovic, Svetlana (University of Montenegro) Session 11.5 p. 76
Pinho, Paulo (Universidade do Porto) Session 5.1 p. 198
Pinto Da Silva, Carla Valeria (Technical University of Lisbon) Session 7.4 p. 86
Plante, Philippe (ESAD-Université Laval) Session 10.1 p. 181
Psarra, Sophia (University College London) Session 11.5 p. 79
Qu, Yongfeng (CEREA ENPC/ EDF R&D École des Session 9.1 p. 145
Ponts ParisTech)
Queiroz Rego, Andrea (Universidade Federal do Session 10.3 p. 207

Rio de Janeiro)
Radovic, Darko (Keio University) Session 2.4, 3.4, 7.3 p. 43, 44, 226
Rantanen, Annuska (Tampere University of Technology) Session 11.2 p. 156
246
Rego, Andrea Queiroz (Universidade Federal do Session 11.3 p. 217

Rio de Janeiro)
Rego, Renato L. (Universidade Estadual de Maringá) Sessions 5.4, 8.3 p. 103, 230
Reis, Antônio Tarcísio (Federal University of Rio Session 8.3 p. 229
Grande do Sul)
Reyes Rodriguez, Eliazar (Universidad de Guadalajara) Session 4.1 p. 195

Reyes Rodriguez, Ramon (Universidad de Guadalajara) Session 4.1 p. 195
Robertson, Elise (Queensland University of Technology) Session 2.2 p. 150
Ruegg, Jean (Université de Lausanne) Session 11.1 p. 184
Sa, Leonardo (University of Oregon)
Sadler, Richard (University of Western Ontario) Session 3.4 p. 46
Salden, Samantha L. (University of Notre Dame School Session 5.5 p. 211
of Architecture)
Salgado, Marina (Instituto Estadual do Patrimônio Session 5.5 p. 210
Histórico e Artístico de Minas Gerais)
Sallenave, Christian (l’École Nationale Supérieure Session 11.1 p. 183
d’Architecture et de Paysage de Bordeaux)
Salomons, Erik M. (TNO Delft) Session 2.3 p. 130
Sandalack, Beverly A. (University of Calgary) Sessions 4.1, 11.2 p. 157, 196
Sanders, Paul (Queensland University of Technology) Session 2.4 p. 45
Sanoamuang Pega (Keio University) Session 2.4 p. 43
Sardari Sayyar, Sara (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) Session 4.5 p. 36
Sardinha Cecconello, Camila (Instituto de Educação
Continuada) Session 5.5 p. 210
Sarin, Gaurav (The Studio Orange) Session 9.5 p. 59
Sarraf, Mohammad (KTH-Royal Institute of Technology) Session 10.4 p. 67
Sartori Rodrigues, Mirian (Universidade Federal do Rio Session 8.4 p. 90
Grande do Sul)
Schlee, Mônica Bahia (Pennsylvania State University) Session 3.5 p. 34
Schlee, Mônica Bahia (Rio de Janeiro City Government) Session 10.4 p. 68
Schwabe Meneguetti, Karin (Universidade Estadual Session 8.5 p. 104
de Maringá)
Schwick, Christian (Die Geographen Schwick+Spichtig) Session 3.5 p. 34

Scoppa, Martin (Georgia Institute of Technology) Session 2.5 p. 31
Sewell, Patrick (Georgia Institute of Technology) Session 3.5 p. 32
Shigeru, Satoh (Waseda Research Institute of Science Session 5.2 p. 109
and Engineering)
247
Shlomit, Dekel (D.M.R Planning and Development) Session 4.1 p. 197

Silva, Cidalia (University of Minho) Session 9.2 p. 237
Slater, Terry (University of Birmingham)
Soares de Medeiros, Valério Augusto (Centro Universitário Sessions 4.2, 5.6 p. 99, 161
Unieuro)
Soares Macedo, Silvio (National Council for Scientific Session 4.2 p. 98

and Technological Development)
Solis, Jorge Villanueva (Autonomous University of Session 5.3 p. 143
Baja California)
Ståhle, Alexander (KTH RoyalInstitute of Technology) Session 6.3 p. 222
Stewart, Graeme (ERA Architects) Session 6.3 p. 223
Strachan. I. (McGill University) Session 1.2 p. 127
Szanto, Catherine (École Nationale Supérieure Session 7.4 p. 84
d'Architecture Paris-La Villette)

Szmyd, Jakub (Polish Academy of Sciences) Session 2.3 p. 129
Tângari, Vera Regina (Universidade Federal do Sessions 3.5, 5.1, 5.5, p. 35, 69, 201,
Rio de Janeiro) 6.2, 10.3, 10.4 205, 214, 207
Taylor, Nicolas (UNESCO) Session 8.3 p. 232
Tchapi, Mireille (Tokyo University) Session 6.4 p. 81
Teixeira, Maria Cristina Villefort (Federal University of Session 7.3 p. 227
Minas Gerais)
Teller, Jacques (Université de Liège) Sessions 8.1, 9.1 p. 51, 146

Thorne,Jason (planningAlliance) Session 6.3 p. 223
Tibiriça Saboya, Renato (Universidade Federal de Session 5.6 p. 160
Santa Catarina)
Tieben, Hendrik (Chinese University of Hong Kong) Session 7.3 p. 225
Tien, Chia-Ling (University of Tokyo) Session 9.4 p. 94
Tooke, T.R (University of British Columbia) Session 1.2 p. 127
Tooke, Thoreau Rory (University of British Columbia) Session 4.3 p. 137
Torres Oliveira, Liliane (Uniessa, Uberlândia) Session 1.5 p. 112
Torres, Juan (Université de Montréal) Session 11.1 p. 182
Townsend, Craig (Concordia University) Sessions 11.2, 11.2b p. 158, 159
Trípoli Magalhães, Natália Cristina (Pontifical Catholic Session 10.3 p. 208
University of Campinas)
Vachon, Geneviève (Université Laval) Sessions 2.2, 3.2, p. 53, 151,
5.6, 8.1 153, 162
248
Vale, Brenda (Victoria University of Wellington) Session 10.3 p. 209

Valladares, Arturo ( McGill University) Session 8.2 p. 62
Van der Laan, Micheal (University of British Columbia) Sessions 1.2, 4.3 p. 127, 137
Van Hemert, Hendrik (Center for Sustainable Business Session 3.1 p. 190
Practices)
Vandersmissenet, Marie-Hélène (Université Laval) Session 5.6 p. 162
Veldpaus, Loes (Eindhoven University of Technology) Session 9.4 p. 95
Vialard, Alice (Georgia Institute of Technology) Sessions 2.5, 2.5b p. 30, 31
Villain, Julie (Concordia University) Session 4.5 p. 39
Villefort Teixeira, Maria Cristina (Federal University of Sessions 5.4, 8.5 p. 102, 105
Minas Gerais)
Voogt, James A. (University of Western Ontario) Sessions 1.2, 1.2b p. 127, 128
Wang, Sin-Heng (University of Tokyo) Session 9.4 p. 94
Wang, Weijen (The University of Hong Kong) Session 7.5 p. 123
Weber, Philippe (Université de Lausanne) Session 11.1 p. 184
Weigel, Brent A. (Georgia Institute of Technology) Session 1.2 p. 126
Weiland, Joshua (Boston Massachusetts)
Whitehand, Jeremy (University of Birmingham, Session 1.0 Plenary
Editor of Urban Morphology)
Whitehand, Susan (University of Birmingham)
Sessions 3.3, 3.3b,
Wong, Nyuk Hien (National University of Singapore) 4.3 p. 133, 134, 138
Wopereis, Brunna (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) Session 5.1 p. 201
Xiaoxuan, Hu (Nanjing University) Session 4.3 p. 139
Yang, Yang (Nanjing University) Sessions 2.3, 3.3, p. 131, 135,
4.3, 5.3 139, 142
Yao, Sheng (University of Birmingham) Session 10.2 p. 116
Young, Jenny E. (University of Oregon) Session 4.2 p. 96
Zacharias, John (Concordia University) Sessions 7.2, 10.4 p. 66, 74
Zeballos, Carlos (Research Institute of Humanity and Nature) Session 1.4 p. 41
Zemmouri, Noureddine (Université de Biskra) Session 9.1 p. 147
Zhang, Yu (The University of Hong Kong) Session 7.5 p. 123
Zhao, Han (Nanjing University) Sessions 2.3, 3.3, p. 131, 135,
4.3, 5.3 139, 142
Zhen, Xu (Nanjing University) Session 5.4 p. 100
Zhu, Qian (University of Waterloo) Session 11.3 p. 216
249

ISUF 2011
Organizing Committee
Pierre Gauthier (Co-chair), Concordia University, pierreg@alcor.concordia.ca
Jason Gilliland (Co-chair), University of Western Ontario, jgillila@uwo.ca
Lisa Bornstein, McGill University, lisa.bornstein@mcgill.ca
Michael Conzen, University of Chicago, mconzen@uchicago.edu
Carole Després, Université Laval, carole.despres@arc.ulaval.ca
François Dufaux, Université Laval, francois.dufaux@arc.ulaval.ca
Kai Gu, University of Aukland, Kai Gu k.gu@auckland.ac.nz
Nik Luka, McGill University, nik.luka@mcgill.ca
Geneviève Vachon, Université Laval, genevieve.vachon@arc.ulaval.ca
J.W.R. Whitehand, University of Birmingham, J.W.R.WHITEHAND@bham.ac.uk>
John Zacharias, Concordia University, zachar@alcor.concordia.ca
250
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bookstore
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Canadian Centre for Architecture 1920 rue Baile, Montréal 514 939 7028
Wednesday to Sunday: 11 am to 6 pm, Thursday: 11 am to 9 pm. Closed Monday and Tuesday
The ISUF 2011 Organizing Committee expresses its gratitude to the conference sponsors:
The University of Western Ontario
The Canadian Center for Architecture
La Ville de Montréal
Making Megaprojects Work for Communities
ISUF2011
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18th International Seminar on Urban Form

urban morphology and

August 26 – 29, 2011

PROGRAM | Table of Content

Streams and Sessions ………………………………… 2

List of Participants ………………………………… 238

Members of the Organizing Committee ………… 251

Stream 1 Advances in Theory and Methods

0101 Plenary: Issues in urban morphology

0102 Cross-cultural and Disciplinary Dialogues

0103 Advances on Morphometric Analyses

0104 On Land-Use, Form and Measurements 1

0105 On Land-Use, Form and Measurements 2

0201 Continuity and Change, Permanence and Obsolescence 1

0202 Continuity and Change, Permanence and Obsolescence 2

0203 Continuity and Change, Permanence and Obsolescence 3

Stream 3 New Regional Spatial Dynamics

0301 The Dispersed City / La ville diffuse

0302 The Fragmented City

Stream 4 On Form, Society AND Technology

0401 Urban Form in the Digital Age

0402 Urban Form and Social Mediations 1

0403 Urban Form and Social Mediations 2

Session 10.4 | Monday August 29, 8:30 –10:00 | Room 3.435

0404 Urban Form and Political Mediations

0405 On Urban Form and Political Economy 1

0406 On Urban Form and Political Economy 2

Stream 5 On Heritage and Form

0501 Morphological Interpretations and Heritage

0502 Heritage and Cultural Mediations

0503 Heritage as Experienced and Perceived

0504 Ordinary Landscapes and Heritage

Stream 6 Topical Explorations

0601 Public and Open Space Morphologies 1

0602 Public and Open Space Morphologies 2

0603 On Fringe Belts

0604 Waterfront Morphologies

0605 University Campus Morphologies

0606 Exploring the Traditional Chinese City Form

0607 Pre-Industrial Morphologies 1

0608 Pre-Industrial Morphologies 2

Stream 7 On Form, Sustainability and Climate Change

0701 On Urban Form and Environmental Performance 1

0702 On Urban Form and Environmental Performance 2

0703 On Urban Form and Environmental Performance 3

0704 On Urban Form and Environmental Performance 4

0705 On Urban Form and Environmental Performance 5

0706 On Urban Form and Environmental Performance 6

0707 On Urban Form and Active transportation 1

0708 On Urban Form and Active transportation 2

0709 On Urban Form and Motorized Transportation

0710 On Urban Form, Land Use and Transportation

0711 Compact City and Bio-Climatic Dilemmas

0712 Urban Sustainability: Lessons From History

Stream 8 On Morphology, Planning and Urban Design

0801 Morphology and Sustainable Urbanism 1/Morphologie et urbanisme durable 1

0802 Morphology and Sustainable Urbanism 2/Morphologie et urbanisme durable 2

0803 Morphology and Sustainable Urbanism 3/Morphologie et urbanisme durable 3

0804 Morphology and Sustainable Urbanism 4/Morphologie et urbanisme durable 4

0805 New Theoretical Perspectives on Morphology, Sustainability and Planning

0806 Planning for Sustainability/New Planning Practices

0807 Planning for Sustainability/New Planning Approaches 1

0808 Planning for Sustainability/New Planning Approaches 2