RESEARCH DESIGN

The causes of minimal attendance during the flag ceremony and its effect on the academic performance
among learners can be attributed to various factors such as student disengagement, lack of interest,
and other competing priorities. The research design chosen for this study is a quasi-experimental design.
This design was selected because it allows for the comparison of groups that are not randomly assigned,
which is suitable for studying the impact of an existing condition, such as minimal attendance during the
flag ceremony, on academic performance. The justification for choosing the quasi-experimental design
lies in its practicality and ethical considerations. Given the nature of the study, it may not be feasible or
ethical to randomly assign students to different attendance conditions. Therefore, a quasi-experimental
design provides a suitable alternative for examining the effects of minimal attendance during the flag
ceremony on academic performance. The rationale for selecting this research design is rooted in its
ability to provide valuable insights into the relationship between minimal attendance during the flag
ceremony and academic performance. By comparing groups of students with different levels of
attendance, the study can shed light on the potential impact of this issue on learners' academic
outcomes. This design also allows for the consideration of various factors that may influence attendance
and academic performance, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the issue.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The data gathering procedure for investigating the causes of minimal attendance during flag ceremony
should involve methods such as surveys, interviews, and observations. These methods can be used to
gather information from students, teachers, and other relevant stakeholders to understand the reasons
behind the low attendance and its impact on academic performance. Before conducting the actual
research, it's important to conduct pre-testing procedures to ensure the reliability and validity of the
research instruments. This may involve piloting surveys or interview questions with a small group of
students to identify any potential issues or ambiguities in the instruments.The research instruments,
such as surveys and interview guides, should be administered to the target population in a systematic
and standardized manner. This may involve obtaining informed consent from participants and ensuring
that the data collection process is conducted in an ethical and respectful manner.A clear data collection
timeline should be established to ensure that data is collected within a specific timeframe. This may
involve setting deadlines for survey completion, scheduling interviews, and allocating sufficient time for
data analysis. Proper data management and storage procedures should be implemented to ensure the
security and confidentiality of the collected data. This may involve using secure data storage systems
and adhering to data protection regulations to safeguard the privacy of participants. These procedures
are essential for conducting a thorough and ethical investigation into the causes of minimal attendance
during flag ceremony and its effect on academic performance among learners in Lim-ao National High
School.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The causes of minimal attendance during the flag ceremony at Lim-ao National High School may include
factors such as student disengagement, lack of interest, or conflicting schedules. The effect of minimal
attendance on academic performance among learners could lead to a lack of discipline, reduced sense of
community, and missed opportunities for character development and civic education. A. Definition of
Sampling Technique: Sampling technique refers to the method used to select a subset of individuals
from a larger population for the purpose of conducting research or gathering data. B. Types of Sampling
Technique: 1. Stratified Sampling: Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups or
strata based on certain characteristics, and then selecting samples from each stratum to ensure
representation of the entire population. C. Rationale for choosing Sampling Technique: The rationale for
choosing stratified sampling as the technique for this study could be to ensure that students from
different grade levels, socio-economic backgrounds, or academic performance levels are represented in
the sample. This would allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of minimal
attendance on academic performance across diverse student groups. D. Sampling Procedure: The
sampling procedure for this study could involve identifying the relevant subgroups within the student
population, determining the appropriate sample size for each stratum, and then randomly selecting
students from each subgroup to participate in the study. This would help in obtaining a representative
sample that reflects the diversity of the student body at Lim-ao National High School.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The causes of minimal attendance during the flag ceremony and its effect on the academic performance
among learners in Lim-ao National High School can be analyzed using statistical treatment . This involves
the use of statistical methods to analyze and interpret data related to attendance during the flag
ceremony and academic performance among learners. It includes the application of various statistical
techniques to draw meaningful conclusions from the data. This involves calculating measures such as
the mean, median, and mode of attendance during the flag ceremony and academic performance
scores. These measures provide a central value around which the data is distributed, giving insight into
the typical attendance patterns and academic performance levels. Inferential statistics can be used to
make inferences or predictions about the entire population of learners at Lim-ao National High School
based on the data collected. This can involve hypothesis testing, correlation analysis, and regression
analysis to understand the relationship between attendance during the flag ceremony and academic
performance. By applying these statistical treatments, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of
the factors contributing to minimal attendance during the flag ceremony and its impact on the academic
performance of learners at Lim-ao National High School. This analysis can provide valuable insights for
developing targeted interventions to improve attendance and academic outcomes.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

This section would involve explaining what a research instrument is in the context of the study, such as
how it is used to collect data related to attendance during flag ceremonies and academic performance.
1. Survey: This type of research instrument involves gathering information from a large group of people
through a set of questions related to attendance and academic performance. 2. Interview: This type of
research instrument involves direct interaction with individuals to gather in-depth insights into the
reasons for minimal attendance and its impact on academic performance. This section would cover the
process of creating the survey or interview questions, ensuring that they effectively capture the relevant
information, and validating the instrument to ensure its accuracy and relevance to the study.This part
would focus on assessing the reliability (consistency of results) and validity (accuracy of measurement)
of the research instrument to ensure that the data collected can be trusted and used to draw
meaningful conclusions. By addressing these topics, the study can effectively explore the causes of
minimal attendance during flag ceremonies and its impact on the academic performance of learners
using appropriate research instruments.