ASSIGNMENT

SUB : Mathematics
CLASS : VI A WEEK – 8
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter :- 03 , Factors and Multiples

Topics :- (i) Highest common factor (HCF)

(ii) Least common Multiples (LCM)
(iii) Relation between HCF and LCM
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i. Highest common factor (HCF)

The Highest common factor (HCF) of two or more numbers is the largest numbers in
the common factor of the numbers. HCF is also known as GCD (Greatest common
Divisor)
The following are the methods of finding the HCF of two or more numbers.

i) Finding HCF by listing factors.

ii) Prime Factorisation Method
iii) Short Division Method
iv) Continued or long Division Method.

1. Finding HCF by listing factors :-

Consider three numbers 36, 42 and 24.

Factors of 36 = 1 2 3 4 6 9 12 18 36

Factors of 42 = 1 2 3 6 7 14 21 42

Factors of 24 = 1 2 3 4 6 8 12 24

Common factors (HCF) of 36 , 42 and 24 = 1, 2, 3, 6

HCF = 6 which exactly divides the numbers 36, 42 and 24.

2. Prime factorization method :- In this method first find the prime factorization of the
given numbers and then multiply the common factors to get HCF of the given
numbers.
Prime factors of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

Prime factors of 96 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 2

Prime factors of 144 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3

Common factors = 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 3

HCF of 48 , 96 and 144 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 48 Ans.

3. Short Division Method :- Divide all the numbers by a common factor of all and
continue the process till there is no common factor for all of them.

Example :- Find the HCF 32, 216 , 144.

Solution :-

Common factors of 32, 216 and 144 = 2 , 2 , 2

So, the HCF of 32, 216 and 144 = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 Ans.

4. Continued (or long division) method.

Step 1 :- Divide the bigger number by the smaller number.

Step 2 :- If the remainder is zero, then the smaller number is the HCF of the
numbers.

If there is a remainder, then consider this remainder as new divisor and

then divide the smaller number by the new divisor.

Step 3 :- Repeat this process until there is no remainder. The last divisor is the
required HCF of the given numbers.

Example :- Find the HCF of 144 , 252 and 330 by continued division method.
 Solution :-
First we find the HCF of 144 and 25

So, the HCF of 144 , 252 and 330 is 6 Ans.

Ex. 3.3

Q1. Find the HCF of the following set of the numbers by listing factors method.
a. 144 , 180 c. 136 , 170 , 255

Q2. Find the HCF of prime factorization method.

a. 304 , 180 c. 524 , 128 , 56

Q3. Find the HCF by long division method.

a. 175 , 625 d. 110 , 770 , 1331

Q4. Find the HCF by short division method.

a. 85 , 136 d. 70 , 105 , 175 , 65

Q6. The length , breadth and height of a room are 8 m 50 cm, 5 m 75 cm and 1 m 75 cm
respectively. Find the length of the longest tape which can measure the three
dimensions of the room. [Hint. Find the HCF of 850 cm, 575 cm and 175 cm.

Least common Multiples

(LCM)

The least common multiples (LCM) of the two or more numbers is the number which
is least (or lowest) among all the common multiples. There are three methods for
finding LCM.

i) Finding LCM by listing the multiples.

ii) Prime factorization method.
iii) Common Division Method.
 iv) Finding LCM by listing the Multiples.

Consider two numbers 4 and 6.

Multiples of 4 = 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40

Multiples of 6 = 6 12 18 24 30 36 42

Common Multiples of 4 and 6 = 12 , 24 , 36 ………………

In these common multiples, we see that 12 is the least. So the LCM of 4 and 6 = 12

2. Prime Factorisation Method

Step – 1 :- Find the prime factorization of the given numbers.

Step – 2 :- Find the common factors.
Step – 3 :- Multiply the common factors and the other factors also, that is common and
un common factors are to be multiplied.

Example :- Find the LCM of 48, 72 and 120

Solution :- The prime factorization on the given number are :-

So, 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
72 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
120 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 3

LCM = Common x Uncommon numbers

= 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 2 x 3 x 5
= 720

LCM of 48 , 72 and 120 = 720

3. Common division method.

Step 1 :- Write the given numbers in a rows separated by commas.

Step 2 :- Divide these numbers by the least prime number which divides at least one of the
given numbers.
Step 3 :- Write the quotients and the numbers that are not divisible by the prime number
in the second row. Then, repeat Step 2 and Step 3 with the rows and continue
till the numbers in a row are equal to 1.
Step 4 :- The LCM is the product of all the prime divisors.

Examples :- Find the LCM of 32, 48 and 96.

Solution :-
The LCM of 32 , 48 and 96 is the product of the all the divisors.

So, the LCM of 32 , 48 and 96 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 96 Ans.

Ex. 3.4
Q1. Write all natural numbers less than 90 which are common multiples of 3 and 5.

Q2. Find the LCM by the Prime factorization method.

a) 120 , 250 c. 216 , 108 , 36

Q3. Find the LCM by the common division method.

a) 135 , 90 d. 60 , 40 , 32 , 80

Q4. Find the smallest number which is exactly divisible by :-

a) 32 , 72 b. 20 , 65 , 90

Q5. a) Find the smallest number which when divided by 24 , 36 and 64 leaving 4 as
remainder each case.
[Hint :- Find LCM of 24 , 36 and 64 and add 4]

b) A number is divisible by 24 , 25 and 120 if it is increased by 20. Find the

number. [Hint :- Find the LCM of 24 , 25 and 120 and subtract 20]

3. Relation between HCF and LCM.

i. Product of given numbers :- HCF x LCM

Product of given numbers

or HCF =
LCM
 Product of given numbers
or LCM =
HCF

Consider two numbers 12 and 54

12 = 2 x 2 x 3
54 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 3

HCF = 2 x 3 = 6
LCM = 2 x 3 x 2 x 3 x 3 = 108

Product of given numbers = HCF x LCM

12 x 54 = 6 x 108
648 = 648 proved

Exercise 3.5

Q2. The product of two numbers is 2625. If the HCF of the numbers is 5 , find the LCM
of the numbers.

Q4. If the HCF and LCM of two numbers are 12 and 72 respectively, find the product of
the two numbers.

Q5. The LCM of two numbers is 819. If the two numbers are 63 and 117, find the HCF.

Q7. The HCF and LCM of the two numbers are 5 and 400 respectively. If one of the
numbers is 25, find the other number.

Solution of 01 Given – HCF = 5 LCM = 400

One number = 25
by using formula
16
HCF x LCM 5 x 400
Other Number = =
One number 25
= 80 Ans.

Note :- Solve all the questions of ex. 3.3 , 3.4 and 3.5