Academic English for Tertiary Studies: EAP 4 Wi 2 TUES F3.2 Source: Adapted from: http://w naturalchld ora/ian hunt/tenreasons hm! Retrieved: 11.06.12 Text 1: Eight Reasons Not to Hit your Children by Jan Hunt, m.s¢ In Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia, Ital Israel, Germany and Austra, [tis illegal for 8 parent, teacher, or anyone else to spank a child For the past several years, many psychiatrists, sociological researchers, and parents have recommended that we seriously consider banning the physical punishment of children. The most important reason, according to Or. Peter Newel, coordinator of the organization End Punlshment of Children (EPOCH), is that “all people have the right to protection of their physical integrity, and children are people too.” 1, Hitting children teaches them to become hitters themselves. Extensive research data is now available to support a direct correlation between corporal punishment in childhood and aggressive or violent behavior in the teenage and edult years. Virwally all of the most dangerous criminals were regularly threatened and punished in childhood, It is nature’ plan that children learn attitudes and ‘behaviours through observation and imitation of their parents’ actions, for good or Ii Thus, It is the responsibilty of parents to set an exemple of empathy and wisdom. 2. In many cases of so-called "bad behavior", the child is simply responding In the only way he can, given his age and experience, to neglect of basic needs. Among these needs are: proper sleep and nutrition, treatment of hidden allergies, fresh air, exercise, and sufficient freedom to explore the world around him. However, his ‘greatest need Is for his parents’ undivided attention. In these busy times, few children receive sufficient time and attention from their parents, who are often too distracted by thelr ovn problems and worries to treat thelr children with patience ‘and empathy. It is surely wrong and unfair to punish e chil for responding in a natural way to having important needs neglected. For this reason, punishment Is, nat only ineffective in the long run, it is also clearly unjust. Page tof? © UWSColege Py LetAcademic English for Tertary Studes: EAP 4 WK 2 TUES F3.2 Source: Adapted from: ht://vvw.natutalchld oa/ian_hunt/tenreasons.k Retrieved: 11.06.12 Text 2: Eight Reasons Not to Hit your Children by Jan Hunt, M.Sc In Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia, Italy, Israel, Germany and Austra, Its illegal for a parent, teacher, or anyone else to spank a child For the past several years, many psychiatrists, sociological researchers, and parents have recommended that we seriously consider banning the physical punishment of children, The most important reason, according to Dr. Peter Newell, coordinator of the organization End Punishment of Children (EPOCH), is that “ll people have the right to protection of their physical integrity, and chlidren are people too.” 3. Physical punishment stops the child from learning how to resolve conflict in an fffective and humane way. As the educator John Holt wrote,” When we make 2 child afraid, we stop learning dead in its tracks.” punished child becomes preoccupied with feelings of anger, and fantasies of revenge, and is thus deprived of the opportunity to learn more effective methods of solving immeciate problems. ‘Thus, 2 punished child learns little about how to handle or prevent similar situations In the future. 4. Anger and frustration, which cannot be safely expressed by a chil, is stored Inside; angry teenagers do not fall from the sky. Anger that has 2een accumulating for many years can come as a shock to parents whose child now feels strong enough to express this rage. Punishment may appear to produce "good behaviour” Inthe early years, but always at a high price, pald by parents and by society as a whole, as the child enters adolescence and early childhood, Page 207 ‘© UWSGalege Py aAcademic English for Tertiary Studies: EAP 4 WK 2 TUES F3.2 Source: Adapted from: hto://mwy.natufalchld oafian_hunt/tenreasons html Retrieved: 11.06.12 Text 3: Eight Reasons Not to Hit your Children by Jan Hunt, M.Sc. In Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia, Italy, Israel, Germany and Austra, Its illegal for a parent, teacher, or anyone else to spank a child For the past several years, many psychiatrists, sociological researchers, and parents have recommended that we seriously consider banning the physical punishment of children, The most important reason, according to Or. Peter Newell, coordinator of the organization End Punishment of Children (EPOCH), i that "all people have the Fight to protection of thelr physical integrity, and children are people too.” 5, Punishment interferes with the bond between parent and child, as it Is not human nature to feel loving toward someone who hurts us. The true sprit of cooperation which every parent desires can arise only through @ strong bond based ‘on mutual feelings of lave and respect. Punishment, even when it appears to work, ‘an produce only superficially good behavior based on fear, whict can only take place until the child is old efiough to resist. In contrast, cooperation based on respect wil last permanently, bringing many years of mutual happiness as the child and parent grow older. 6. Many parents never learned in their own childhood that there are postive ways of relating ta ehildren, When punishment does not accomplish the desired goals, and ifthe parent is unaware of alternative methods, punishment can escalate to ‘more frequent and dangerous actions against a child. Even moderate spanking can be physically dangerous. Blows to the lower end of the spinal column send shock waves along the length of the spine, and may injure the child. The prevalence of lower back pain among adults in society may well have its origins in childhood punishment. Some children have become paralyzed through nerve damage from spanking, and same have died after a mild spanking due to undiagnosed medical ‘complications. Pave so ‘B vWSCalage PoyAcademic English for Tertiary Studies: EAP 4 wk 2TUEs F£3.2 ‘Source: Adapted from: hit://vmw.naturalchid. eralian_hunt/tenceasons.ka Retrieved: 11.06.12 Text Eight Reasons Not to Hit your Children by Jan Hunt, M.Sc In Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia, Italy, Israel, Germany and Austra, its llega for a parent, teacher, or anyone else to spank a child For the past several years, many psychlatrists, sociological researchers, and parents have recommended that we serlously consider banning the physical punishment of children. The most important reason, according to Dr. Peter Newel, coordinator of ‘the organization Ené Punishment of Children (EPOCH), is that “all people have the right to protection oftheir physical integrity, and children are peosle too.” 7. Physical punishment gives the dangerous and unfair message that "might makes right’, that Its permissible to hurt someone else, provided they are smaller ‘and less powerful than you are. The child then concludes that It ls acceptable to mistreat younger or smaller children. When this child becomes an adult, he often feels tle compassion for those less fortunate than he is, and fears those who are more powerful. This will make it more difficult to have relationships which are ‘emotionally fulfiling, 8. Because children learn through parental modeling, physical punishment gives the message that hitting s an appropriate way to express feelings and to solve problems. Ifa child does not observe a parent solving problems iva creative and kind way, it can be difficult for him to learn to do this himsel. Fortis reason, ‘unskilled parenting often continues into the next generation Gentle instruction, supported by a strong foundation of love and respect, Is the only truly effective way to bring about commendable behavior based on strong Inner values, instead of superficially “good” behavior based only on fear. Page a of? © UWSCollege Py LtAcademic English for Tertlary Stucles: EAP 4 WK 2 TUES F 3.2 Disciplining your children ~ listening ‘You will hear the listening twice. All answers must be taken from the talk. 1L, What are the two things that the speaker wants to talk about? a) a 2, Circle the correct response (T ~ true) or (F ~ false) ‘or the following statements. 8) Parents generally think that spanking is effective. © T / F b) Research claims that spanking is not a long-term = T / F solution. c) There were approximately 2050 participants in the = T / F research sample, 1d) Research showed that children between the ages of T / F 3 and 5 were the ones most frequently spanked. 2) Toccollect the research data, the mothers of the as children were interviewed twice. 1) 45.6% of mothers in the research reported that THF they did not spank their children 9) More mothers did not spank their 3 year old T/F children than spanked them. hh) 5 year old children are typically defiant and have © T / F temper tantrums. 3, Apart from spanking, list two other factors that researchers thought could cause aggression In 5 year old children? a) ») Pages of7 ‘® UWSCalepe Pry Lid‘Academie English for Tertiary Studies: a) ») ° Wi 2 TUES F3.2 4, Circle the letter of the diagrami which most accurately illustrates the methodology of the research Interviewed mothers about spanking thelr 3 year old children 2 years Interviewed mothers about ayyression of their 5 year old children 2 years Interviewed Interviewed! mothers about mothers about spanking thelr 3 spanking their 5 year old children year old children Interviewed mothers of 3 and 5 old children about their aggression aca Interviewed Interviewed Interviewed mothers of 3 and | | mothers of3 and | | mothers of 3 and year olds who | | Syearclds who | | 5year olds who did not spank their] | occasionally regulary spanked children about spenked their thei cilren thelr tldre’s children about about their behaviour their chldren’s ‘children’s behaviour behaviour Dyers | Report 5. Complete the following sentence: Page 6 017, @ UWSColege Py LdAcademic English for Tertiary Studies: EAP 4 wx 2 TUES F£3.2 (One passible explanation of the results suggested by the researchers was that physical punishment instils rather than 6. As well, what is another possible explanation of these research results? 7. Why, according to the speaker, are ‘time-outs” a better alternative to disciplining children than spanking? 8. What should the goal of punishment be? Poae 7 7 ‘@ UWSColege Py Lt